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The Rise of Germany

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The Rise of Germany The Rise of Modern Germany How did Germany develop as a modern imperialistic country? What elements helped to spark Germany military culture and spirit? Prior to the 19th Century ◦ Loosely-allied states known as the German Confederation Most powerful: ◦ Austria-Hungry ◦ Prussia No central German state What was Germany like prior to the 19th Century? The German Confederation was created after the Napoleonic Wars ◦ Post-1815 Was created by the Congress of Vienna ◦ A gathering of European powers who wanted to prevent future wars How was the German Confederation created? The Congress of Vienna (September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815) Coin Commemorating the Opening of the Congress of Vienna Undo everything Napoleon had done… ◦ Reduce French territory ◦ Restore as many former monarchs as possible Create a new order in Europe ◦ Motto: “There is always an alternative to conflict” What was the main objectives of the Congress of Vienna? The Congress established basic rules for Europe: ◦ Balance of Power ◦ Legitimacy of gov. ◦ Compensation For France: ◦ 3-5 year occupation ◦ Pay a war bill of 7 million francs ($130 mill.) ◦ Loss of pre-Napoleon empire What were the results of the Congress of Vienna? Europe in 1812 Europe After the Congress of Vienna The Germanic Confederation, 1815 Prussia was dominate in the Confederation for a number of reasons: Large population Strong military tradition Quick to industrialize Prussia would also develop strong leadership King Wilhelm I Otto von Bismarck What made Prussia one of the dominate German states? Otto von Bismarck The George Washington of Germany 1815-1898 ◦ Prime Minister of Prussia “Politics of Reality” ◦ “Survival of the Fittest “Blood and iron” Who eventually will lead Prussia & German unification? Not to be confused with the really big boat… Great quotes from Otto von Bismarck " “The less people know about how sausages and laws are made, the better they’ll sleep at night.” " “Never believe in anything until it has been officially denied.” " “The great questions of the day will not be settled by speeches and majority decisions, but by blood and iron.” ! Bismarck used a combination of intimidation and military force: ! Manipulated foreign powers ! Forced neighbors into joining his cause ! Outright invasion ! Between 1865 and 1871, united all of the German states under Prussian rule How did Bismarck unite Germany under a single ruler? Step #1: The Danish War [1864] •! Conflict between Prussian & Denmark •! A giant victory for Bismarck •! Helped to bring new territory and people to Prussia Step #2: Austro-Prussian War [Seven Weeks’ War], 1866 ! A three-month war between Prussia and Austria-Hungary ◦! June-August, 1866 ! Results: ◦! Formally united all German states under Bismarck ◦! Weakened Austria’s power over German territories Step #3: The Creation of the German Empire, 1867 ! In 1867, Bismarck declares the creation of the German Empire ◦! End of the peace imposed by the Congress of Vienna ◦! Made many of Prussia’s neighbors nervous ! Some foreign powers: ◦! France ! 1870 - Franco-Prussian War ◦! France is defeated within four (4) months ! War ended with the Treaty of Frankfurt (1871) ◦! France is occupied by German troops ◦! Pays Germany’s war debts ◦! Loses industrial-rich territory Did anyone oppose Bismarck's rise to power? The Ems Dispatch (1870) Step #4: Franco-Prussian War [1870-1871] German soldiers “abusing” the French. Bismarck and Napoleon III discussing France’s surrender, 1871 The German Occupation of France (1871) Treaty of Frankfurt signing at the Palace of Versailles (1871) Why do you think the Treaty of Versailles was the way it was… .
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