JUNE 22, 1973 25 CENTS VOLUME 37 /NUMBER- 24

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

-page 6

Dean spills beans: ·~. exposes dozens ·~ .· of 'dirty trick~'

How CREEP hired Nazis for Nixon's Calif. campaig~ ·

The Nixon-Brezhnev summit--meaning of international detente -page 3 In Brief STUDENTS REPUDIATE NIXON'S COTERIE: Students St. Cloud State College, and Anoka-Ramsey Junior Col­ launched protest actions against friends of Nixon on lege, among others. several campuses recently. He explained how the agreement ending the occupa­ Attorney General Elliot Richardson decided that discre­ tion of Wounded Knee had resolved none of the major THIS tion is sometimes the better part of valor and cancelled issues. He predicted continued actions demanding the re­ a commencement address at Georgetown University after mov al of the Bureau of Indian Affairs from the Pine WEEK'S threatened with a massive boycott Ridge Reservation, and enforcement of the 1868 treaty. At Gustavus Adolphus College in St. Peter, Minn., stu­ Bellecourt told how supporters of the occupation on MILITANT dents, faculty, and alumni signed a petition repudiating the reservation have been harassed and threatened since the honorary degree awarded to W atergater Maurice Stans the agreement was signed. 5 Move to silence W'gate back in 1970. Six hundred dollars was raised on the tour for the hearings blocked The petition pointed out that even discounting his most legal defense of those victimized for the occupation, but 7 Judge orders disclosure recent criminal dealings, there was "no adequate justifi­ funds are still needed. Contributions can be sent to: of illegal gov't spying cation for the belief that Mr. Stans was worthy to receive Wounded Knee Defense Fund, cjo National Bank of South an honorary degree from Gustavus in 1970." Dakota, Account Number 29-57033, Rapid City, S.D. 8 New FBI appointee Maybe they should have awarded him a plumber's 57701. enemy of Blacks license. 9 Antiwar POWs may face courts-martial ELDERLY PROTEST NIXON'S POLICIES: More than 13 SWPer hurt in NCLC 7,000 older people protested June 7 in Washington, D. C., Christopher St. action assault against increasing costs in Medicare, the federal housing The fourth annual New York City Christopher Street moratorium, and Nixon's budget .cutbacks affecting the demonstration has been called for June 24. Marchers 14 Black unionist raps aged. Most speakers linked war spending to budget cuts will assemble at 11 a.m. on West 61st through 64th streets Shanker affecting the elderly and demanded congressional action. between Broadway and Central Park West. The march 15 GE and fight against will proceed downtown and will culminate in a "Gay Pride rising prices Gala" in Washington Square Park from 4 to 6 p.m. 16 Del Monte workers in The first demonstration in 1970 was called to com­ Texas to vote on union memorate a spontaneous protest that erupted in 1969 in the West Village when cops raided the Stonewall 17 Farm workers wait for Inn, a gay bar. showdown Norman Oliver, SWP candidate for mayor, issued a 18 New attacks on right to statement in support of the Christopher Street action and abortion urged people to participate in this expression of opposi­ 19 Reed tours Japan, New tion to gay oppression. Oliver again scored the City Zealand, Australia Council's General Welfare Committee for failing to re­ lease Intro 4 7 5 onto the floor of the council. This bill, 24 Behind empty gas pumps which has been bottled up in committee for nearly three years, would ban discrimination in hiring and housing 2 In Brief on the basis of sexual orientation. 10 In Our Opinion Oliver had previously pledged his support to the Christo­ Letters pher Street action at a candidate's night sponsored by the Gay Activists Alliance on May 13. He will march in the 11 La Raza en Accion Nelson Cruikshank, 70, president of the National Coun­ Celebrity Contingent with other invited candidates for of­ National Picket Line cil of Senior Citizens, the sponsoring organization, charged fice. 12 Great Society the Nixon administration with a "string of broken More information on Christopher Street Liberation Day Women in Revolt promises." can be obtained by calling the Mattachine Society at (212) By Any Means Neces­ Walter Newburgher, 81, and vice-president of the council, 691-1066. added that while the aged "don't want programs that sary smack of charity"; on the other hand, "the administration 20 In Review has not shown any feeling for our problems." WOMAN WINS SEX BIAS CLAIM: Marilyn Johnson 21 News from Pathfinder The demonstration was part of a three-day conference recently won a two-year case against Standard Oil and American Way of Life on the aged called by the council. the state of California for sex discrimination in a job she held. Militant Gets Around Johnson resigned from her job with Chevron Chemical CHICANOS PROTEST POLICE BRUTALITY IN CHI­ of San Francisco in May 1971. She left after being turned WORLD OUTLOOK CAGO: In the wake of another in a series of police at­ down for a raise she requested upon learning she was 1 Chilean workers mobilize tacks on community residents, Chicanos in Chicago's paid 25 percent less than male employees doing the same against right wing Southwest side are organizing against cop brutality. job. 2 Kremlin threatens On May 28, police allegedly chasing a "loitering" youth She was also refused unemployment insurance. Officials demanded entry into the home of May Santiago. Accord­ told her that her claim of sex discrimination was not Grigorenko's life ing to Juan Velaz, executive director of El Centro de a good enough reason for quitting her job. 3 Thai students demand la Causa, the cops "degraded the women, called the peo­ Johnson filed suit against both Standard Oil and the U.S. bases close ple spies." state. Her determination paid off. She won $1,865 from 4 Attempt to dump Greek When Santiago, her three sons, and several friends Standard Oil and $1,495 from the state unemployment colonels fails protested, 25 cops beat them up. The police then arrest­ office. -BAXTER SMITH ed 10 persons, including the Santiagos. They were charged with aggravated battery, mob action, resisting arrest, and disorderly conduct. At the police station, the victims were beaten again. Some received multiple head injuries requiring stitches. YOUR FIRST More than 75 Chicanos met at El Centro soon after THE MILITANT the attack to plan a united response to this brutality. VOLUME 37/NUMBER 24 There were participants from Casa Aztlan, La Raza Unida ISSUE? JUNE 22, 1973 Party, the Brown Berets, and the local Head Start pro­ CLOSING NEWS DATE-JUNE 13, 1973 gram. SUBSCRIBE Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING BLACK LITERARY FIGURE DIES: Arna Bon temps, TO THE one of the few surviving writers from the Black cultural Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass' n., awakening known as the Harlem Renaissance, died in 14 Charles lone, New York, N.Y. 10014. Telephone: Nashville June 4. He was 70 years old and was serving MILITANT Editorial Office (212) 243-6392; Business Office (212) VIVA LA HUELGA! The United Farm Workers Union is 929-3486. Southwest Bureau: 1107 1/2 N. Western as writer in residence at predominantly Black Fisk Uni­ Ave., los Angeles, Calif. 90029. Telephone: (213) 463- versity. struggling for its survival. The Militant actively supports 1917. Bontemps produced more than 25 novels, anthologies, this struggle. For honest and on-the-spot reports on the Correspondence concerning subscriptions or changes showdown between the UFWU and the growers, and for of address should be addressed to The Militant Business plays, and studies of Black life during the Harlem Ren­ Office, 14Chorleslone, New York, N.Y.10014. aissance of the 1920s and the years following. Among information on what you can do to help ... Read The Second-doss postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ his best-known works are Black Thunder, Negro Amer­ Militant. scriptions: Domestic: $5 a year; foreign, $8. By first­ icah Heritage, and Drums at Dusk, a novel about the class moil: domestic and Canada, $25; all other coun­ Haitian revolt in the eighteenth century. Introductory oller-S1/3months tries, $41. Air printed matter: domestic and Canedo, $32; Mexico and the Caribbean, S30; latin America Other Black writers from that period include Langston ( ) $1 for three months of The Militant. and Europe, $40; Africa, Australia, and Asia (including Hughes, Countee Cullen, Claude McKay, W. E. B. Du ( ) $2 for three months of The Militant and three months USSR), $50. Write far sealed air postage rates. Bois, and James Weldon Johnson. of the International Socialist Review. For subscriptions airmailed from New York and then ( ) $5 for one year of The Militant posted from london directly: England and Ireland, l1.20 ( ) New ( ) Renewal for 10 issues, l4.50 far one year; Continental Europe, AIM LEADER TOURS UPPER MIDWEST: In the lat­ ll.SO for 10 issues, l5.50 for one year. Send banker's ter part of May, the Upper Midwest Young Socialist AI~ NAME------draft directly to Pathfinder Press, 47 The Cut, london, liance and the Coalition for Justice in Wounded Knee ADDRESS------SE1 8ll, England. Inquire for air rates from london at sponsored a tour for Clyde Bellecourt, national field di­ the same address. C lTV ______STATE------Zl P------Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily rector of the American Indian Movement (AIM). Belle­ 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in court addressed audiences at the University of Minnesota, editorials.

'2 IIXOI·BREZHIEV SUMMIT MEANING OF THE NEW INTERNATIONAL DETENTE

By CAROLINE LUND economies; they need capital and tech­ short of victory. Brezhnev was say.­ could only get together and talk things One thing that President Nixon, So­ nological advances to catch up, in ing that the Kremlin would side with out, we could avert the threat of wars viet Communist Party chief Leonid order to satisfy the growing demands Nixon against their struggle, since the and nuclear destruction. Brezhnev, and Brezhnev's followers of Soviet and Chinese working people Moscow-Washington detente was more The great fallacy of this type of in the American CP all agree on is for a higher standard of living. This important in his mind than the Viet­ thinking stems from the fact that wars, that the Watergate scandal should not pressure is exacerbated by periodic namese revolution. class struggle, and revolutions are be allowed to jeopardize Brezhnev's agricultural crises in both the USSR One of Nixon's goals in the coming bred by the capitalist system itself. scheduled visit to the U.S. June 18- and China, as a result of the contra­ Brezhnev visit is to try to get the The "peace"· of the status quo is con­ 26. dictions introduced by bureaucratic Kremlin to apply the same pressure tinually upset as the masses of people The Daily World, organ of the rule. against the Arab revolution as they throughout the world strive for demo­ CPUSA, approvingly quotes a state­ Another factor entering into the pic­ used against the Vietnamese revolu­ cratic freedoms and an end to the ment from the Hungarian CP news­ ture is the sharpening Sino-Soviet dis­ tion. exploitation, national oppression, il­ paper belittling the Watergate expo­ pute, which is fed by the narrow, na­ Meanwhile, the Kremlin is vying for literacy, poverty, degradation, and sures and saying that "the stakes at tional, bureaucratic outlook of both military contracts with the murderous torture that are enforced by the cap­ the coming Soviet-American summit Moscow and Peking regimes as each dictatorship of the shah of Iran, who italist rulers.

NIXON, BREZHNEV, BRANDT, CHOU: Cooperating to try to alleviate economic problems, stop revolutionary struggles

meet are too high" to let Watergate try to build "socialism in one country." plans to use these weapons to help The very structure of the capitalist get in the way. In face of the Brezhnev doctrine of crush any popular struggles in the system is a violent assault on the What are the stakes ·in Brezhnev's '1imited sovereignty" enunciated dur­ entire area around the Persian-Arab rights and lives of the masses of peo­ visit, .and what does this summit rep- ing the invasion of Czechoslovakia, Gulf. ple. Malcolm X once explained this resent? and the power of the Soviet bureau- The Peking bureaucrats gave the by comparing the capitalist system Brezhnev's visit is a new step in crats, Peking has responded by seek­ same message to the Vietnamese as to a vulture. "The system of capitalism the developing worldwide detente be- ing diplomatic deals with NATO mem­ their Moscow counterparts did; they needs some blood to suck," he said. tween the major imperialist powers hers and Japan for military security. entertained Nixon last February in The imperialist stage of capitalism op­ the midst of an escalation of U.S. and the Stalinist bureaucrats in Mos- Nixon, Brezhnev, and Chou En-lai erates by spreading throughout the cow and Peking. This international all say the detente will mean "a new bombing in Vietnam. Peking had al­ world to suck more profits from the deal involves both economic and po­ era of peace," the "relaxation of inter­ ready given Nixon evidence of its will­ sweat of working people and poor· litical agreements. national tensions," and the "peaceful ingness to aid in betraying revolu­ peasants. This is why the imperialists On the economic side, U. S. capi­ coexistence" of different social systems. tions and maintaining the status quo. need to keep areas like Southeast Asia talists are looking for ways to break As far as the U.S. rulers are con­ It supported the Pakistani dictatorship and the Arab East safe for their in­ into the "Eastern market." They see cerned, the detente means a change against the Bangladesh liberation vestment and exploitation. from their previous policies of "con­ fighters, and also supported Sri Lan­ tainment" threatening the eventual mil­ ka Premier Sirimavo Bandaranaike Brezhnev and the American CP are itary rollback of the anticapitalist rev­ in her savage repression of young lying to the people of the world in SWP LEADER TO olutions that have occurred thus far. rebels in that country. claiming that a lasting peace- either They are prepared to accept-for the But the detente is even broader than between classes or between capitalist SPEAK 011 DETENTE time being- the reality of the workers Nixon's deals with Moscow and Pe­ states and workers states- is possible A city-wide public forum will be states that now exist, but remain de­ king. It includes such important de­ as long as imperialist rulers like Nix­ held at 8 p.m. Fri., June 29, on termined to prevent the further ad­ velopments as the "normalization" of on run the world. "The meaning of Brezhnev's vance of revolution. And they feel the relations between East and West Ger­ Brezhnev's agreement with Nixon visit- What's behind the U.S.­ need for help from Moscow and Pe­ many; the long-term political and eco­ to aid in eliminating "international ten­ king to. hold back such revolutionary nomic agreement between Bonn and tions" and "trouble spots" such as Soviet detente?" Jack Barnes, na­ struggles. Moscow; agreements between Bonn, Southeast Asia and the Middle East tional secretary of the Socialist For the colonial world- an area Warsaw, and Prague; China's efforts means telling the Vietnamese and the Workers Party, will be the speak­ of great so-called international ten­ to work out a deal with Japan; and Palestinians to accept the status quo er. Catholic Center, New York sions- the meaning of the detente was the negotiations between North and of imperialist domination an:d exploi­ University, 58 Washington Square graphically illustrated in the develop­ South Korea. These agreements have tation without resistance. In short, ments surrounding the Vietnam war. on been accompanied by increasing com­ both Brezhnev and Mao have agreed South. Enter Thompson. St. Brezhnev's and Mao's part in their Ausp: New York Socialist Work­ petition among all the imperialist pow­ to aid Nixon in upholding the im­ deals with Nixon was to turn their ers for a share of the "Eastern mar­ perialist order throughout the world. ers Party Campaign. Donation: backs on the struggle of the Vietnam­ ket." Brezhnev and his followers have the ese people, to keep quiet while Nixon $]. For more information call While the Moscow and Peking re­ same perspective in the advanced cap­ bombed Vietnam with the greatest in­ (212} 982-4966. gimes have made deals with one or italist countries, as was indicated by tensity in history, to pressure the Viet­ another imperialist power before, the a remark the Soviet bureaucrat made namese fighters to accept a compro­ current detente is of a scope that rep· in West Germany last month. Brezh­ the opportunities for trade and invest­ mise negotiated settlement, and to use resents something new: economic co­ nev said he looked forward to work­ ment in China, the Soviet Union, and the Vietnamese dependence on military operation and a generalized counter­ ing in cooperation with West German Eastern Europe as one way to at­ aid from Moscow and Peking to do revolutionary political deal between capitalists for "30, 40, or 50 years." tempt to cope with the new problems this. the imperialist rulers and the Stalinist He doesn't look forward to the pos­ faced by U. S. imperialism. These in­ This was summed up in the pictures overlords of the workers states on clude growing competition from Jap­ last year of Brezhnev and Nixon, sibility of a revolutionary struggle by a world scale. anese and Western European impe­ smiling broadly and clinking cham­ the German working class to take over The CP's Daily World claims that rialisms, the emergence of a serious pagne glasses in Moscow while U.S. the industry from the capitalists. balance of trade deficit, and the prob­ bombers were streaming over Viet­ in the context of the detente, Brezh­ Brezhnev has no interest in revo­ lems of the dollar. nam causing the death and mutila­ nev's visit to Washington will be "a lution, or in struggles of the oppressed The Moscow and Peking regimes tion of thousands of Vietnamese. milestone on the road to a lasting against their oppressors; in fact he also look to trade with the West as The message was obvious: Brezh­ peace." In this way the CP tries to fears such struggles. Most of all he a means of alleviating their own eco­ nev was telling the Vietnamese that appeal to the deeply felt but misplaced fears that the example of struggles nomic problems. The workers states his idea of "world peace" and "relax­ hope in the minds of masses of Amer­ for freedom will infect the Soviet peo­ cannot escape the fact of the techno­ ation of international tensions" was icans that if the leaders of the cap­ ple and inspire them to rise up and logical superiority of the imperialist for them to give up their struggle italist states and the workers states Continued on page 22

THE MILITANT/JUNE 22, 1973 3 WATERGATE: Week in review Dean snills the beans Trail of dirty tricks leads to White House By PETER SEIDMAN cover up for U.S. genocide in Vietnam. JUNE 12 -A vast extension of the known list e An investigation into the background of Con­ of White House "dirty tricks" was the big Water­ gressman Mario Biaggi, recently defeated candi­ gate news this week. Former presidential counsel date for the Democratic nomination for mayor John Dean leaked new details to the press as he of New York, after he criticized some "law enforce­ unsuccessfully bargained for immunity from the ment" p~licies of the Nixon ~dministration. federal grand jury probing Watergate. Dean has, • Research into "the Chappaquiddick incident however, been granted partial immunity by the involving Senator Edward Kennedy, Democrat of Senate Watergate Committee. Massachusetts, in 1969; a potentially embarrassing The June 18 Newsweek reports that Dean told incident involving Representative Carl Albert, investigators he has ample documentation, includ­ House speaker; possible financial links between ing recordings he made at the White House Senator Edmund Muskie, a Democrat of Maine, ("Taping," Dean said, "was rather widespread over and some corporations with pollution problems; there.") to prove that: the funding of Senator Hubert Humphrey's 1968 e The White House covertly pressured the federal campaign for the presidency; and rumors that judge hearing the Watergate civil suit brought the brother of a leading Democrat might have NIXON: Defense in tatters? by the Democratic National Committee to get a been involved in a homosexual incident." favorable ·ruling. e The White House, trying to justify its own Kissinger too illegal use of the FBI in the Watergate case, or­ May 22 statement is "less than accurate.~ In that Even Henry Kissinger has been caught with dered a secret report on the abuses carried out statement, Nixon announced, among other things, his hand in the cookie jar. In his nationally syn­ by past presidents. The report, Newsweek sources that a secret government spy plan authorizing dicated column, Jack Anderson reported June 11 said, "told in anecdotal detail about how Franklin illegal acts against radicals had been canceled on testimony by Charles Colson implicating D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman, John F. Kennedy within five days of its inception because of oppo­ Kissinger. Colson said that despite Kissinger's and Lyndon Johnson had used or abused the sition from then FBI director J. Edgar Hoover. claim not to know anything about White House bureau for political purposes-but curiously A banner headline in the June 10 Washington wiretapping, he "got the President so 'psyched up' omitted Mr. Nixon's old patron, Dwight Eisen­ Post contradicted this lie: "Break-Ins, Bugging Said over security leaks that he authorized the plumbers hower." to Fit Rejected Spy Plan." The Post article detailed to plug the leaks. Afterward, Kissinger tried to e The White House called off a promising tax how "to one degree or another the public record run the plumbers squad through his aide David prosecution involving Governor George Wallace's of trials involving radicals and antiwar activists Young.... " brother after Wallace agreed to run as a Democrat contains instances in which government or quasi­ By the end of the week's revelations, the June -and not a third-party candidate- in the 1972 governmental agents have used break-ins, elec­ 18 Newsweek was describing Nixon's state as presidential election. tronic surveillance and infiltration as spying follows: "His defenses ... lay in tatters. He had e Nixon was personally aware that the dairy methods since July, 1970" [when the plan sup­ industry's secret contributions (which totalled, posedly was cancelled]. according to Newsweek, $322,000) to his reelection war chest in 1971 were intended to influence the Watergating the 'establishment' government to increase milk-price supports. The New York Post of June 9 reported that e Nixon was personaily aware of the cover-up Charles ("I'd walk over my grandmother to reelect and that he and his agents have lied frequently the president") Colson, a former White House coun­ about it. Dean told Newsweek reporter John sel, "suggested to a White House intelligence Lindsay that Nixon's "definitive" May 22 statement operative that an office in the Brookings on the case is "less than accurate" in places. "I Institution ... be burglarized and then fire- suspect," he told Lindsay, "that most of it will bombed.... "to cover up for the burglary. become inoperative soon." The Brookings Institution is a Washington, D.C., "think tank." Colson, a powerful figure in AHacks on radicals the Nixon administration, made this proposal in A series of other reports, many also "leaked" an attempt to gain information about Morton by Dean and his associates, appeared during the Halperin. Halperin, a former aide to Henry week, lending weight to Dean's charge that Nixon's Kissinger, was suspected of "leaking'' government secrets to the press. COLSON: Urged fellow Nixon staffer to firebomb The fact that a high official in the administration Brookings Institution. proposed firebombing the Brookings Institution, Bares murder plot long an intellectual bastion of the "establishment," A U.S. plot to assassinate Panama's mili­ enhances the credibility of the charges made by long since been driven back from his position tary dictator Omar Torrijos was among the radical and socialist organizations who have been that the whole nasty business had been transacted Watergate crimes leaked by John Dean this bombed or burglarized that these attacks are part behind his back. His subsequent argument that week. Torrijos had succeeded in embarrass­ of the government's "game plan" against the left. he did whatever he had done out of concern for ing Nixon by forcing the U.S. to use its An article in the June 6 New York Times sug­ national security was coming unraveled. His own United Nations Security Council veto to block gests that the aborted Colson firebomb plan was Attorney General, Elliot Richardson, refused last a resolution urging the U. S. and Panama only one of a series of clandestine missions orga­ week to vouch for the President's innocence; he to work out a new canal treaty "without de­ nized out of the White House by John Ehrlichman, would say only that the evidence is 'inconclusive.' lay." This was only the third time that Wash­ formerly Nixon's chief domestic policy adviser. Mr. Nixon plainly stood at the last line of defense, ington has been forced to exercise its UN · These included: alone with a handful of men who may someday veto. Thirteen of the 15 Security Council mem­ e Discussions with participants in and eyewit­ have to choose between him and prison." bers backed Panama in the dispute. nesses to the massacre at Mylai in South Vietnam. J. W. Fulbright, Democratic chairman of the According to the June 18 Newsweek, "Dean's The Times sources say these discussions, held Senate Foreign Relations Committee, called on story is that the Administration suspected high in late 1969 or early 1970, were to determine Nixon to resign. Panamanian Government officials of being if the first newspaper accounts of the atrocity were And today, six liberal Democrats began a dis­ involved in the flow of heroin from Latin correct. However, it is far more likely the dis­ cussion of impeachment on the floor of the House. America into the U.S., and were also con­ cussions were held to "orchestrate" the trial and They are trying to hold the discussion that Paul cerned about strongman Omar Torrijos's un­ McCloskey ( R-Calif.) was unable to complete last cooperative attitude toward negotiating the week because House Republicans -refused to as­ Panama Canal treaty. Thus, in Dean's tell­ semble a quorum. The six Democrats are Bella ing, some officials found a Torrijos hit doubly Abzug (New York); Patricia Schroeder( Colorado); attractive. The contract, he said, went to E. Fortney Stark, Yvonne Burke, and Ron Dellums Howard Hunt, later a ringleader in the Water­ (California); and Parren Mitchell (Maryland). gate break-in; Hunt, according to Dean, had In another move, Morton Halperin announced his team in Mexico before the mission was June 9 that he is considering filing a suit against aborted." Nixon administration officials responsible for ille­ The U.S. has propped up the corrupt drug­ gally tapping his telephone. Taps on Halperin's pushing regimes of puppets in Vietnam, Cam­ phone were revealed during the Daniel Ellsberg bodia, Laos, and Tliailand for years. It is trial. reasonable to assume that it wasn't the heroin Halperin says that Kissinger and General Alex­ flow that drove the White House to plot ander Haig (Nixon's newly appointed White House the assassination of Torrijos. Rather, it was chief of staff) will be among the defendents named the fact that Torrijos sought to enhance his in his suit. The suit will be based on the Safe support among the Panamanian people by Streets Act of 1968, which bans illegal wiretapping. pretending to struggle for their self-determina­ The law requires that violators pay $100 a day tion. For this, he became a White House for each day of violation to any persons illegally target. wiretapped.

4 WATERGATE: Senate committee Move to silence Ervin hearings blocked By CINDY JAQUITH on this stationary concerning wiretaps White House aide Frederick LaRue JUNE 12-Federal Judge John Siri- on the Democratic National Commit- told him "The Liddy money is a prob- ca ruled today that live TV coverage tee. lem. It's very politically sensitive." of the Senate hearings on Watergate Following Harmony, Robert Reis- Faced with questioning from the may continue, striking another blow ner, assistant to Jeb Stuart Magruder, FBI, Sloan said he went to John at efforts to keep the hearings from testified. Reisner made it clear that Mitchell for help. Mitchell's advice: the public. former attorney general John Mitchell ''When the going gets tough, the tough Last week Archibald Cox, Nixon's and ex-White House aide H. R. Halde- get going." appointee to head the Watergate prose- man routinely followed CREEP's wire- At one point, Sloan said, White cution, tried to convince the Senate tap reports. All the documents on spy House aide Dwight Chapin told him panel to postpone its hearings for operations regularly went into a file to take a vacation. "He suggested that three months. He claimed the for Mitchell, he said, and "a duplicate the important thing is that the presi- testimony at the hearings could make copy was sent to Mr. Haldeman's of- dent b!'! protected." it more difficult to get convictions later fice." Today, CREEP staff member Her- on, because of "pretrial publicity." bert Porter completed his testimony In r(!jecting this argument, Senator 'Sedan Chair 2' with revelations about a courier for Sam Ervin (D-N. C.), the head of the Reisner revealed that among its the Muskie campaign who was also Senate panel, argued that "govern- many agents CREEP had a spy in in the pay of CREEP. The courier ment has come to a virtual stand- the Humphrey campaign apparatus. brought copies of Muskie documents still .... The most important prob- This individual, whose code name was to CREEP officials. lem pending ... is for the people to "Sedan Chair 2," was "someone who Porter described on June 7 a dis- learn the· truth, and the truth can only had disagreed with the Humphrey cussion he had with Magruder about be revealed by the carrying out of committee and wished to report on it," how to cover up the money given the Senate investigation in a full and according to Reisner. Sedan Chair 2 fair and courageous manner." was paid $1,000 a month for his Ervin's dispute with Cox reflects a "" services to CREEP. disagreement over how ·best to restore White House wanted to prevent live TV Most embarrassing for the White confidence in the capitalist govern- coverage of Dean and Magruder testi-. House was Reisner's statement that ment. The senator obviously believes mony to Senate Watergate panel. no one- neither FBI agents nor that the climate of outrage over Water- federal prosecutors-had ever ques- gate necessitates the public hearings tioned him about Watergate until the on the scandal. Nixon administration also has to Senate panel subpoenaed him. This Cox's second ploy was a request for worry about the widening scope of the statement was one of numerous ex­ a court ban on live coverage of the Senate hearings. amples that show the earlier Water­ hearings. Jeb Stuart Magruder, deputy Ervin announced June 8 that the gate investigations were really just campaign manager of the Committee Senate panel will investigate the 1971 part of the White House cover-up. to Re-elect the President (CREEP), and burglary at the office of Daniel Ells­ When Reisner was subpoenaed, how­ John Dean, the former White House berg's psychiatrist and other CREEP ever, Magruder called him right away, counsel who has vowed to "take on activities relating to harassment of requesting a meeting. Since Magruder Nixon and the administration" when antiwar activists and radicals. was in hot water himself by that time, he testifies, are scheduled to appear Reisner said he decided not to talk to next week. The White _House's deep 1970 spy plan him. Magruder's reaction was "ex­ concern over what these two men are According to Sanford Ungar, writ­ tremely agitated." PORTER: 'not sure' that CREEP's 'dirty prepared to say even prompted Vice­ ing in the June 8 Washington Post, "He said, 'I can't understand this,'" tricks' have stopped. President Agnew to enter the fray yes­ this investigation could reach into Reisner testified. "'. . . are you not terday with a public attack on the other cases, "such as the Harrisburg, going to be cooperative? ... every­ hearings. Pa., trial of the Rev. Philip Berrigan one else has been cooperative.... '" Agnew, who has never been known and other Catholic antiwar militants," Magruder called back again later. to worry about "impartial" trials for as well as the Justice Department's In­ "Did he tell you at that time to Liddy. Magruder told him, "Now, radicals, decried the "Perry Masonish ternal Security Division and the 1970 you should be careful about what Gordon was authorized money for impact" of the Senate hearings. All secret plan to spy on radicals. you said because people's lives and so111e dirty tricks, nothing illegal, but this "hearsay" testimony, he claimed, Ervin made it clear, however, that futures were at stake?" asked Senator nonetheless things that could be very could destroy individual reputations he thinks the Senate should limit its Ervin. embarrassing to the president of the and make fair trials impossible. investigation by "not going into the "Yes, he did," replied Reisner. United States, and to Mr. Mitchell and Further damaging testimony came Mr. Haldeman.... " Hypocrisy substance of the 1970 plan," as the New York Times put it. from Hugh Sloan, CREEP treasurer. Magruder and Porter decided to Agnew's statement was riddled with Even a limited investigation, how­ make up something "a little bit more hypocrisy, especially considering the ever, threatens to bring out new· in­ legitimate sounding" as the purpose of revelations of how the Nixon adminis­ fomation about the government's con­ Liddy's projects. They came up with tration has done everything ~rom try­ spiratorial methods of framing up and the story that Liddy was given money ing to bribe federal judges to burglary otherwise harassing radicals. Thus the to infiltrate radical groups! This is the directed at defense lawyers in order· to Ervin proposal drew criticism from story Porter gave when questioned by win convictions. one member of the Senate panel, Sena­ the FBI and the federal grand jury. Sirica' s ruling grants immunity to tor Edward Gurney (R-Fla.). Inves­ Dean and Magruder when they appear Porter made it clear that "dirty tigating the 1970 spy plan, Gurney in­ before the Senate hearings. However, tricks" were a routine matter in the sisted, is "no function of our committee Sirica refused to give immunity to campaign. Asked by Senator Howard at all." Gurney has also urged the Dean when he appears before the Baker ( R-Tenn.) if he ever felt guilty, panel to speed up its hearings and federal grand jury investigating the following exchange took place: immediately get the question of Watergate. PORTER: "I am not sure of any Nixon's role out of the way. In addition to worrying about what tinge of conscience, Senator. I had Of course a serious investigation of Dean and Magruder can prove, the been told by others in the campaign the 1970 spy plan would have to that this kind of thing was a normal include testimony by antiwar activists, activity in a campaign.... " Black liberatiqn fighters, socialists and BAKER: "That is a terrible indict­ Watergate other .radicals- the victims of Nixon's ment of politics. Being a politician, secret-police operations. Ervin has SLOAN: White House aide told him 'im­ I am really distressed to hear that. fans protest given no indication that he will allow portant thing is that the President be "Are you telling me, in effect, it was Associated Press reports that the such witnesses to testify at the hear­ protected.' you opinion that this sort of thing Minneapolis-St. Paul CBS-TV affil­ ings. went on in politics with Democrats This past week, the witnesses iate was deluged with angry and Republicans, and it was fair who have appeared have exposed new In testimony on June 6, he said game ... ?" phone calls June 7 when it tele­ facts about corruption and spying by Magruder tried to get him to lie about PORTER: "That is exactly what I cast a baseball game in place of the Nixon campaign. The hearings the huge amount of funds given to felt, Senator." the Senate Watergate hearings. reopened June 5 after a short recess Liddy for his "plumbing" expeditions. BAKER: "How do you feel now?" This doesn't jibe too well with with testimony by Sally Harmony, the Sloan says he authorized giving PORTER: ''Well- I am not sure that former secretary of convicted Water­ Liddy a total of $199,000, but that earlier reports that TV viewers they have stopped." gate burglar G. Gordon Liddy. after the Watergate break-in, Ma­ Wiretapping, spying, and other il­ were bored with the Watergate Harmony admitted that CREEl;' had gruder said to make the figure only legal activities are the rule, not the show. Unless, of course, those special stationary printed with the $75,000. exception, in capitalist politics. This earlier protests were more of word "Gemstone" that was used for re­ The White House wanted very much is one of the aspects of Watergate. that CREEP's "dirty tricks." ports on wiretapping and spying. As to conceal the extent of CREEP opera­ the White House wants to keep under Liddy's secretary, she typed memos tions run by Liddy. Sloan said that wraps.

THE MILITANT/JUNE 22, 1973 5 WATERGATE: '70 spy plan Buggfug, burglar!, and o~ening mail Nixon approved 'clearly illegal' acts By PETER SEIDMAN U. S. A.) and organized crime targets, operations with great success and with JUNE 8- On May 22 Nixon issued with only a few authorized against no exposure.... a statement in which he attempted to subject of pressing internal security "Surreptitious entry of facilities oc­ justify his role in covering up the interest." cupied by subversive elements can turn Watergate scandal by explaining that Huston claimed that "everyone up information about identities, the burglary team, which had been knowledgeable in the field, with the methods of operation, and other in­ caught in the act of wiretapping exception of Mr. [then FBI director J. valuable investigative information phones at Democratic Party national Edgar] Hoover concurs that existing which is not otherwise obtainable. This committee headquarters, was in fact coverage is grossly inadequate. C. I. A. technique would be particularly help­ part of a White House "national se­ and N. S. A. note that this is particu­ ful if used against the Weathermen curity" plan. This plan was drafted in larly true of diplomatic establish­ and Black Panthers." response to the massive upsurge of ments, and we have learned at the e Improved development of "cam­ antiwar action against the U.S. inva­ White House that it is also true of pus sources." At a time when the anti­ sion of Cambodia in May 1970 and new Left groups." war upsurge had produced larger and the killing of four Kent State students. The CIA's concern with "diplomatic more frequent open, mass meetings This secret plan, which authorized establishments" flowed from Nixon's than any other period in the history illegal acts, was approved by Nixon, idea that the May antiwar upsurge of the fight against the Vietnam war, the FBI, the CIA, the National Se­ had been organized and financed from the White House felt it could only find NIXON & AGNEW: oath to uphold the curity Agency (NSA), and the Defense abroad. This absurd belief revealed out what was going on by infiltrating Constitution 'i noperotive '? Intelligence Agency. The plan was Nixon's contempt for the intelligence the campuses. Huston's proposal dem­ written by Nixon aide Tom Huston. and antiwar convictions of the U.S. onstrates the importance that Wash­ the massive outpouring of antiwar Copies of the plan were stolen by for­ people. This belief, which contradicted ington attached to the student move­ protest during the May events sent a mer White House counsel John Dean all the information available to the ment and its potential for reaching out chill of terror down the spines of the and have now been turned over to CIA, led Nixon to want to tap em­ to mobilize the U.S. population in ac­ Watergate thieves in the White House.· federal prosecutors and the Senate Wa­ bassy phones to find out exactly how tion against the war: During that upsurge, many thousands tergate committee. Senator Sam Ervin, this "conspiracy" was being organized. "The campus is the battleground of of students and other opponents of chairman of the committee, said after e Step up "mail coverage." This the revolutionary protest movement. It the war on campuses across the coun­ reading the documents that they re- means, in non-Watergate language, is impossible to gather effective intelli­ try were holding massive, open, demo­ vealed a "gestapo mentality." ' government spying on mail. There are gence about the movement unless we cratic meetings to chart out how to Despite Nixon's claim that the plan two kinds of mail coverage, '1egal," have campus sources." express their hatred of the govern­ never went into effect, numerous and illegal." "Legal" coverage is when Huston felt the FBI's infiltration was ment's policies. sources - including the New York a government spy records the return limited by the fact that they did not In response to this, Nixon and his Times, the New York Daily News, addresses on all mail sent to a person recruit spies among individuals below gang=:- unable to convince the masses syndicated columnist Jack Anderson, under surveillance and the destination 21 years of age. This was because, of people that their criminal invasion Huston claimed, "Mr. Hoover is afraid of Cambodia was in the best interests of a young student surfacing in the of any body's "national security"­ press as an F. B. I. source, although could only plot secretly a gestapo­ the reaction in the past to such events like campaign of espionage and sabo­ has been minimal. After all, everyone tage against this mass upsurge and assumes the F. B. I. has such sources." the organizations that spearheaded it. Huston reported that "the intelligence This campaign was so blatantly un­ community ... feels strongly that it constitutional that it violated the gov­ is imperative the [unclear] increase the ernment's own laws. number of campus sources this fall in These documents prove that Nixon's order to forestall widespread violence." claim to be for "law and order" is a Since other Watergate revelations lie. Nixon's "OK" on these plans show that many of those "inciting to proves that the government regularly riot" on the campuses were in fact and as a matter of course breaks the paid agents of the "intelligence com­ law and violates the civil liberties of munity," this last claim is especially its opponents in the socialist, labor, cynical. Black, and other movements. Huston's plan also called for "Law and order" Democrats andRe­ stepped-up spying by the CIA on U.S. publicans are not opposed to the use students studying overseas. of these police-state methods against The sections of the Huston plan pub­ the left. These hypocritical capitalist lished in the Times are only the tip politicians are upset by Watergate be­ of an iceberg. They indicate, for ex­ cause it shows that police-state meth­ and Newsweek- have revealed that, of all mail sent out by that person. ample, that a separate, still secret, ods are sometimes used against them as well. in fact, the government has carried "Illegal" coverage is when a govern­ report includes a 23-page "assessment But the contents of the Nixon "se­ out numerous actions included in the ment spy opens the mail of a person of the existing security threat, our cur­ cret plan" make clear that it is those plan. under surveillance! rent intelligence coverage of this threat, and areas where our coverage who struggle against Washington's Three of the documents have now Huston explained that "there is no is inadequate." imperialist wars and the other injus­ been leaked to the New York Times. valid argument against use of legal But these revelations are significant tices of the capitalist system who are The documents, published on June 7, mail covers except Mr. Hoover's con­ because they give further proof that the real targets of the government. include Huston's proposals for rein­ cern that the civil liberties people may forcing and reorganizing the govern­ become upset. This risk is surely an ment's secret police activities in the acceptable one and hardly serious wake of the May upsurge. They also enough to justify denying ourselves W'gate: another day, another lie include a "decision memorandum" a valuable and legal intelligence tool." One' signed by Huston in a move designed Next, in a document he fully expect­ aspect of the Watergate rev­ want to be made anybody's to cover up Nixon's approval of the ed Nixon to approve, Huston wrote: elations that has delighted many "scapegoat." New proof of this plan. (Huston explained this to top "Covert coverage is illegal and there conservative columnists has been came this week. Nixon aide H. R. Haldeman. "We are serious risks involved. However, the claim that former FBI director According to the New York don't want the President linked to this the advantages to be derived from its J. Edgar Hoover opposed certain Daily News, Republican Senator thing with his signature on paper (be­ use outweigh the risks." (Emphasis aspects of the government's se­ Lowell Weicker, who is on the cause) all hell would break loose if added.) Clearly, Huston understood this thing leaks out," he said, accord­ the limits of Nixon's commitment to cret spy plan. These columnists Senate Watergate committee, ing to the June 8 New York Times.) '1a w and order"! enioy the spectacle of seeing de­ told reporters June 10 that Because parts of this plan are un­ e Modify restrictions on "surrepti­ fenders of civil liberties suddenly Hoover had indeed ordered''~re­ tious entry." Once again showing his doubtedly currently in use, the dis­ confronted with Hoover as a sup­ cruitment of campus informers, closure of these texts provides a chill­ appreciation of presidential morality, posed ally, instead of as a foe. discreet probes of black student ing glimpse of the government's po­ Huston wrofe: "Use of this technique lice-state tactics. Huston recommend­ is clearly illegal: it amounts to bur­ groups and investigation of the. ed, among other things, that the gov­ glary. It is also highly risky and The truth is, however, that daughter of Rep. Henry S. Reuss ernment: could result in great embarrassment if Hoover, the nation's top spy­ {D-Wis.)." Reuss's daughter was e Intensify its "electronic surveil­ exposed. However, it Js also the most master, was opposed to the new a peace activist. The Hoover or­ lance and penetration." Huston report­ fruitful tool and can produce the type spy plan only because Nixon ders were found in memos dated ed that "at the present time, less than of intelligence which cannot be ob­ [unclear] electronic penetrations are tained in any other fashion. would not put his authorization two to four months after Nixon operative. This includes coverage of "The F. B. I., in Mr. Hoover's for it in writing. Hoover iust didn't said he reiected the plan. the C. P. U.S. A. (Communist Party, younger days, used to conduct such

6 WATERGATE: Nixon & Nazis CREEP hired Nazis in effort to remove Wallace party from Calif. ballot in '72 By MURRAY CONRAD vise Walter's work. This person was The Committee to Re-elect the Presi­ Jack Lindsay, a former official in the dent (CREEP) spent $10,000 in se­ administration of California Governor cret funds on an elaborate plan aimed Ronald Reagan. Nofziger admits that at removing the American Indepen­ he picked up what he assumed to be dent Party (AlP) from the California the $10,000 cash from CREEP and ballot in the 1972 campaign. A re­ gave it to Lindsay. port by Leroy Aarons in the June 7 Aarons quotes Glenn Parker, a for­ Washington Post reveals that part of mer aide to Walters, to explain what this money was used to pay the Amer­ happened after this apparatus was set ican Nazi Party for its part in this up and financed. "Parker, a Nazi sym­ CREEP effort. pathizer who broke with Walters, met Other Watergate revelatiops have al­ with John Mitchell {who at this time ready shown that CREEP has been was Nixon's attorney general, "the na­ willing to use counterrevolutionary tion's number-one law enforcement of­ Cuban exiles as terrorists and bur­ ficer"], Magruder and a group of un­ glars. CREEP has also resorted to identified aides in the Los Angeles espionage, phony letter-writing cam­ Hilton in late October, 1971, to dis­ paigns, sham newspaper ads, and cuss the reregistration plan. . sabotage against its opponents. "'Mitchell started the conversation,' It is particularly significant that the said Parker. 'He said he had heard revelations of CREEP-Nazi ties come there was a way to remove the AIP to light around the use of the discrim- · from the ballot. He said they had run American Nazi Party members counter-picket demonstration in Los Angeles, _April 4, 1972. These fascists had been paid by Nixon committee to try to get American inatory Calj,!"ornia ballot laws. If the a poll between Muskie, Nixon and Independent Party voters to reregister, thus disqualifying AlP from ballot. Republicans were willing to use Nazis Wallace that showed that without Wal­ to keep their right-wing opponents in lace, 4/5ths of the Wallace vote would the American Independent Party off go to Nixon. He emphasized that they the ballot, can anyone doubt they thought they were in trouble, and that to recruit reregistration workers from policy of detente with China; they de­ have also used illicit measures to bar Nixon especially wanted to win Cali­ members of the right-wing United Re­ nounced the scheme and refused to socialists and independent Black and fornia.'" publicans of California. Walters told cooperate. Chicano candidates from the ballot The plan to bar the AlP from the them the reregistration drive was be­ Aarons reports that it was after this when it has suited their purposes? ballot was based on a provision in the ing conducted by the Committee development that Parker and Walters According to Aarons, Nixon's Cali­ California election code- aimed pri­ Against Forced Busing. This commit­ then turned to the Nazis for help. fornia plot began when Robert Wal­ marily at small radical a.nd socialist tee was supposedly trying to get Wal­ "Parker had been a longtime Nazi ters, an advertising man and former parties- that requires a political par­ lace supporters to reregister as Dem­ sympathizer and is now a member of Wallace supporter, approached ty's registration to exceed one-fifteenth ocrats or Republicans so they could the National Socialist White People's CREEP deputy campaign director Jeb of total state registration to stay on vote against pro-busing candidates of Party. He had met Walters during the Stuart Magruder in late 1971. Walters, the ballot. those parties in the primaries. 1968 Wallace campaign.... Walters, a virulent right-winger in Orange Walters's scheme was to convince Then, Committee activists told AlP 31, was a right-wing activist in his County, Calif., told Magruder that for all but 10,000 of the 140,000 regis­ voters, they could reregister in their college days at UCLA, and had writ­ $10,000 there was a way to purge tered AlP voters to reregister into an­ original party or vote for Wallace ten a book condemning racial mix­ the AlP voter list so they wouldn't other party by Jan. 1, 1972. This anyway in the election. ing. Walters was also a member of the have enough registered voters to qual­ would knock the AIP off the ballot for Walters's scheme ran into trouble, Citizens Council of America, a white ify for the California ballot. failure to meet the one-fifteenth re­ however, when the United Republicans supremacy group. Magruder checked with Lyn N ofzig­ quirement. found out that his plot was actually "Parker said he and Walters met er, who ran the Nixon campaign in Given the go-ahead by Mitchell and aimed at helping Nixon eliminate AlP with Joseph Tommasi in mid-Novem~ California, and got Nofziger's help Magruder, Walters proceeded to put from the ballot. The United Repub­ ber, 1971, and offered him $5,000 if in finding someone reliable to super- his campaign into operation. He tried licans were opposed to Nixon for his Continued on page 22 Say~gov't must turn over files on Weatherp..wnle Judge orders disclosure of illegal spying On June 5, a Detroit federal judge or­ sentatives, the court order also re­ nizer- Guy Goodwin. Goodwin, chief shown that Goodwin also organized dered the government to disclose quired a full disclosure of any such of the special litigation section of the the work of a key Weatherman bomb whether it had used illegal burglaries, illegal acts on the part of the Intelli­ Justice Department's Internal Security expert, Larry Grathwohl. Grathwohl sabotage, electronic surveillance, gence Evaluation Committee (a clan­ Division (a special team of lawyers was an agent provocateur who re­ agents provocateurs or "other espio­ destine Justice Department. operation set up to organize legal harassment of ported directly to Goodwin. The nage techniques" in its prosecution of aimed at radicals) and the White radicals), has won grand jury indict­ Times account of the Detroit trial notes a group of 15 alleged members of the House special-investigations unit ments against many radicals. These that "a key factor in the preparation Weatherman group. known as the "plumbers" (the group include the Berrig.an brothers and the of the case is believed to have been According to the June 6 New York that burgled the office of Daniel Ells­ Camden 2 8 for their role in draft the activities of Larry Grathwohl, who Times, lawyers for the Weatherman berg's psychiatrist). The order further board raids, and Leslie Bacon for her joined the group as a Fel;leral agent defendants sought this ruling on the included the Justice Department, the alleged role in the bombing of the and has said that he gave instruction basis of the many recent revelations Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Capitol building in Washington, D. C. in explosives and fuse making and of illegal activities conducted by the Central Intelligence Agency, the Na­ Recent Watergate revelations have helped to plan bombings." government to victimize its opponents. tional Security Agency, the Depart­ They cited the Ellsberg and Watergate ments of the Treasury and Defense, cases in particular. and the Secret Service. The government uses these methods The court also ordered the govern­ against activists and organizations in ment to disclose any role it may have the antiwar, Black, labor, and social­ had in a fire and burglary in the New ist movements. For this reason, Judge York offices of one of the defense at­ Damon Keith's ruling in favor of the torneys, Gerald Lefcourt. Lefcourt dis­ Weatherpeople creates a precedent that covered a file relating to Weatherman is an important civil liberties victory. leader Mark Rudd strewn all over Judge Keith ordered a wide-ranging the floor of his office after the fire. government disclosure by June 18 as The June 8 New York Times report­ to whether "representatives of the White ed that the government has handed House" had participated in "any ac­ over wiretap transcripts to the defen­ tivities" in investigating the case or in dants but has refused to turn over drawing up the indictment that would any log books of its taps. include: "Burglaries, acts of sabotage, The defendants are charged with mail searches, electronic surveillance plotting a campaign of bombing and dev\ces, provocateurism, breaking terrorism during a December 1969 and entering or_ any and all other meeting in Flint, Mich. The prosecu­ espionage tactics." tion was engineered by the govern­ In addition to White House repre- ment's number-one frame-up orga- Oct. 11, 1969. Weatherpeople under arrest in Chicago

THE MILITANT/JUNE 22, 1973 7, Atlanta New FBI Denver Dixon socialists appointee newsconf. campaigns protest no friend hitsgov't in housing bugging of Blacks spy1ng• project ATLANTA, June 1-Debby Bustin, By BAXTER SMITH DENVER, June 8- The Socialist By LINDA NORDQUIST 1973 Socialist Workers Party candi­ With so many of his top aides and Workers Party and La Raza Unida DETROIT, June 11-Supporters of date for mayor of Atlanta, demanded officials resigning as a result of the Party held a joint news conference Socialist Workers Party mayoral can­ today that all information pertaining Watergate scandal, Nixon, hustling to here today to protest police and FBI didate Maceo Dixon campaigned to wiretaps, burglaries, agents provoc­ save his "image," claims to be filling harassment of their members and door-to-door in the Brewster-Douglass ateurs, and sabotage carried out their empty posts with "goop guys." campaign supporters. Housing Project today after a rally against the SWP and its supporters Speaking of his nomination of Clar­ Present at the news conference were called to enable residents to "meet the be publicly revealed, and that all such ence Kelley to be director of the Nita Aleman, La Raza Unida Party candidates" fizzled when most of Dix­ activities be immediately stopped. Federal Bureau of Investigation, candidate in the Denver school board on's Democratic and Republican par­ App_earing at a news conference, Nixon boasted, "We picked the best elections, and John Maley Jr. of the ty opponents failed to appear. Bustin declared, "It is not the Social­ man in the country for the position." Colorado Socialist Workers Party. Brewster Projects was built in 1938 ist Workers Party, or the antiwar Kelley is chief of police in Kansas Aleman declared, "La Raza Unida and houses approximately 8,500 peo­ movement, or Black people, or stu­ City, Mo. Party is a legal political party and in ple. The vast majority of the residents dents who have carried out acts in But the nomination of Kelley the last election received 10 percent work at poorly paid jobs, or are on violation of the Constitution such as proves, once more, that Nixon has of the vote. Yet, open harassment is welfare or Social Security. It is a de­ the illegal war in Vietnam and the no intention of making any changes only part of the kind of activities the pressing place. The apartments look b'ombing of Cambodia. It is not us in the racist, unconstitutional function­ government has been carrying out like prison cells. There is no grass, who have systematically lied, stolen, ing of the country's secret police force. against La Raza Unida Party in an few trees, and scant recreational fa­ made illegal wiretaps, and sabotaged The nomination has evoked protests effort to destroy it." cilities for the children. the electoral process." from Black leaders who know Kelley. Aleman explained that La Raza Ed Bell, Black Republican candidate Recently, she said, the FBI has sys­ Bruce Watkins, president of Freedom, Unida Party of Colorado has been for mayor, sent a few of his campaign tematically harassed members and Inc., an organization of Kansas City subjected to open attacks, including supporters to the rally. Dressed for an the attack by police on March 1 7, supporters of the Socialist Workers Black groups, said that "Kelley is con­ elegant affair, they pulled up in their 1973, in which one person was killed Party. sidered to be an expert cover-up artist late model cars, stood aloof from the and several others wounded. Three Bustin told reporters that in Janu­ and would appeal to the Nixon phi­ crowd, and made no effort to talk to losophy." supporters of La Raza Unida Party people. Mel Ravitz, white liberal De­ ary and February of this year, two have been indicted in connection with members of the Atlanta SWP were vis­ Kelley has a background of 33 mocratic candidate, stayed for only this attack. ited by FBI agents at their homes, years of cop experience. His support­ 15 minutes and then left. ers claim this makes him an "out­ Government agencies are now try- Dixon campaign supporters talked standing choice" for the job of top with more than 200 people and were cop. He spent 21 years in the FBI, well received, especially when people working his way up through the ranks heard that Dixon lives in the project. to become chief of the bureau's Mem­ One older woman exclaimed, "Damn, phis office. He resigned in 1961 to it's about time we had somebody who take the position of chief of police in understood the problems of poor his hometown of Kansas City, Mo. folks. I'm with you 100 percent." During his reign as police chief, Kel­ A young man responding to the ley never won the reputation as "a fact that Dixon is a socialist said, "I'm friend of Blacks." He earned a spe­ glad. That's what we need." And a cial enmity for his brutal handling drug store owner agreed to pass out of a Black uprising that erupted fol­ campaign literature from his store. lowing the murder of Martin Luther SWP supporters passed out 250 leaf­ King Jr. in 1968. lets containing Dixon's answer to pro­ Bruce Watkins stated Kelley added posals by Black Democrat Coleman "fuel to the fiery 1968 riots, instead of Young and Ed Bell calling for the quenching them." Kansas City cops rehiring of more cops. Dixon also crushed the rising in short order, leav­ answered Young's proposal to give ing six dead and scores injured. This the police a raise and institute a pay bloody action sparked Black protests incentive to encourage cops to go to demanding his removal, and Kelley Militant/Harry Ring school. eventually admitted that some "errors" Part of the Tlatelolco school that was Dixon's statement read: "Hiring were made. BUSTIN: 'It is not the SWP that has lied, bombed during police attack in March more police isn't going to solve the stolen, made illegal wiretaps, and sabo­ While Kelley was boasting of "cut­ 1973. 'crime problem' because it doesn't taged the electoral process.' ting crime" in the Black community speak to what causes crime. Poverty, and other parts of the city, scandals ing to whip up a racist hysteria unemployment, drug addiction - were breaking out in his own depart­ that's what causes crime. one at 6:30 a.m. and one at 8 a.m. around the May 21 bombing of the ment. Denver school administration building "Giving Detroit cops a raise isn't They were asked questions about the In 1963, five cops were discovered going to make life any better for Black , SWP, the YoJ.mg Socialist Alliance, in their attempt to fabricate a case operating a burglary ring. Then in against members of the Crusade for people either. Detroit police already and the Weathermen. 1969, it was revealed thatKelley had Justice and La Raza Unida Party and have the highest salaries in the coun­ Bustin, who has been a leader of the turned over 113 confiscated weapons frighten the Chicano community./ try. Sending them to school isn't go­ antiwar movement, told reporters that to a former army major-general who Maley charged the FBI witfi a re­ ing to change their behavior. Having a reporter from the Miami Herald, was selling them for profit. Kelley cent wave of harassment and intimi­ a more 'educated' police force will not John McDermott, traveling with Nixon testified that he had been "misled" into dation. In the past several weeks sup­ attack the roots of what causes crime. during his campaign tour last fall, believing that the weapons were in­ porters and members of the Denver "I call for the replacement of the told a member of the Atlanta Peace tended for a "military police museum." Socialist Workers Party have been ap­ present police force with a self-defense Action Coalition that he had witnessed Kelley also admits to cop harassment proached by FBI agents and asked organization, drawn from the Black provocateurs attempting to provoke of local radicals and activists. questions concerning their political ac­ community, and under the complete incidents among antiwar demonstra­ One Kansas City NAACP official tivities. Skip Ball and Marie Head, control of popularly elected commit­ tors wherever Nixon was speaking. summed up his response to Kelley, two correspondents for The Militant tees from the Black community, in­ And, she said, "at an Atlanta dem­ "He is insensitive to the needs of the who covered the events at Wounded cluding the power to hire and fire. onstration against Nixon in October Black community. If they want an Knee, were among those recently vis­ "As a first step towards sol'~ing the 1972, witnesses reported seeing peo­ establishment man in that job (the ited by the FBL The agents asked crime-producing problems of poverty ple wearing Nixon buttons crossing FBI post), they've got one." questions such as, "Who was at and unemployment in the Black com­ police lines and attempting to sabo­ Wounded Knee?" and "What were you munity, I call for the use of federal, tage the sound system for the demon­ doing there?" state1 and local funds in a crash pro­ stration." In addition, at least one landlord gram to provide decent housing, who rents to SWP members has been schools, hospitals, recreation centers, visited by the FBI in its continued and jobs." harassment of SWP members. Maley declared in his statement, "These blatant attempts to intimidate us into silence will not succeed. The people who gave you Watergate want to try and shift the onus for their crimes onto the radical movement. We will not allow this to occur. "The disclosures associated with Wa­ tergate have shown us who the real bombers and criminals in this society are. They are the rulers and the agents Clarence Kelley of the U. S. government," he said.

8 Thieu objects to PRG Charges exP-Qsed as lies control of territories Antiwar POWs may From Intercontinental Press while he runs the entire country for Henry Kissinger and Le Due Tho the benefit of U.S. imperialism. face courts-martial unexpectedly broke off their talks in Meanwhile, the puppet army is con­ By CAROLINE LUND the war and many of the officers op­ Paris June 9 without issuing a com­ tinuing its attacks on areas held by JUNE 12 -Five Army and three Ma­ posing the enlisted men-but having munique or signing a new document the PRG. On June 10, fighting in South rine Corps enlisted men have been no access to them to impose their on "implementing" the January 27 Vietnam reached its highest level since charged with refusing to obey orders will." Vietnam cease-fire agreement. Kis­ mid-February. The largest battle was to refrain from making antiwar state­ The Pentagon is reportedly not singer flew back to Washington. He reported near Lai Khe, thirty-five ments while being held in a North eager to give the go-ahead for courts­ was expected to return to Paris June miles north of Saigon, where Thieu's martial proceedings against the forces, backed by tanks and planes, Vietnamese prisoner-of-war camp anti~ war POWs. No doubt the brass fears attacked a section of highway held called the Plantation. The charges, that the publicity engendered by the by the PRG since the 1972 offensive. brought by Air Force Colonel Theo­ trials would put a damper on the An indication of the extent of Thieu's dore Guy, are now being considered patriotic, prowar campaign surround­ violations of the cease-fire agreement by the secretaries of the Army and ing the r·eturned POW s, and might was -provided by Fox Butterfield in Navy to determine whether courts­ even encourage expressions of anti­ a dispatch to the June 10 New York martial charges will be brought. war sentiment among Gis.-- Times. He wrote that "almost all of In addition to charging the enlisted There have already been numerous the 300 villages that the Communists men with expressing antiwar views, Colonel Guy charges that they formed . signs of growing antiwar feeling took over at the end of January, short­ a "peace committee," "collaborated" among the B-52 bomber crews that ly before and just after the peace agree­ with the North Vietnamese and at­ have been assigned to carry out the ment, have been recaptured by South tempted to join the North Vietnamese raids against Cambodia over the past Vietnamese Government troops." army, and promoted "disloyalty" and months. Nixon is under considerable pres­ undermined discipline among other On June 5 the Pentagon announced sure to come up with an agreement POWs. that three Air Force officers had been to offset several Congressional votes The maximum penalty for convic­ taken off the B-52 runs because of against the bombing of Cambodia and tion on these charges is life imprison­ "unreliability." Congresswoman Eliza­ the widespread opposition to the con­ ment or death, if the Supreme Court beth Holtzman (D-N. Y.) told report­ tinuation of the war that those votes ruling against capital punishment is ers that the three were grounded be- reflect. Prior to the opening of the latest talks June 6, administration spokesmen implied that the Kissinger­ Tho negotiations would settle all out­ Cambodian victim of U.S. bombs standing problems if Congress only ''held firm" and allowed Nixon to go 12 to continue his talks with the North on bombing. A failure now to reach Vietnamese negotiator. any agreement at all would increase By all accounts, the break in the the likelihood of Congress passing discussions resulted from a repeat of legislation leaving no loopholes for last year's performance by Saigon continued bombing. dictator Nguyen Van Thieu, whose While there have been recurrent objections to a proposed agreement rumors in the U.S. press of future served as Nixon's excuse to delay negotiations between N orodom Siha­ signing it in order to launch massive nouk and-the puppet "government" in air attacks on North Vietnam and force Pnompenh, Sihanouk has repeatedly additional concessions from the Viet­ said that no such talks are in prospect. namese liberation fighters. Reuters reported June 4, however, Thieu is reported to be objecting that in an interview in Algiers Siha­ to allowing the Provisional Revolu­ nouk said he had made peace pro­ tionary Government (PRG) of South. posals to Nixon through an unnamed YOUNG (left), GUY: Antiwar enlisted men victimized by prewar officer Vietnam to exercise political control African government. Sihanouk said his proposals called for U.S. recog­ over the areas it holds militarily. That held inapplicable to military law. cause they had joined in a suit she is, he interprets the January 2 7 agree­ nition of his government and with­ Sergeant John Young, one of the initiated challenging the constitution­ ment as requiring the PRG to sit by drawal of its support to Lon Nol. accused ex-POWs, responded to the ality of the bombing of Cambodia. charges in an interview with Wash­ The three flyers are Captain James ington Post reporter William Clai­ Strain, Captain Michael Flugger, and borne. Lieutenant Arthur Watson. Protests vs. Cambodia bombing "There was no such thing as a peace In an earlier development, a group committee," he said. "That's a name of women calling themselves "B-52 , On June 16 protests are scheduled in numerous cities calling for an the officers gave to those of us who Wives" began taking legal steps to try end to U.S. bombing of Cambodia and an end to all U.S. intervention were against the war and made state­ to get their husbands- all B-52 flyers in Southeast Asia. The main action will take place in Washington, D. C. ments. It wasn't our name." in Cambodia-back home. The assembly point is at noon at the Kennedy Center Plaza. The march He went on to explain that the of­ Gerald Hegarty, attorney for the will begin at 1 p.m. and will pass by the White House to the Justice ficers had labeled the antiwar enlisted group, said, "They and their husbands Department. men "PCs," which meant inter­ see the bombing in Cambodia as Speakers at rallies along the march route will include Arthur Kinoy, changeably "pro-communists" or meaningless and fruitless and are in­ vice-president of the National Lawyers Guild; Dr. Benjamin Spock; and "peace committee." terested in ending it and getting back Pentagon papers defendant Anthony Russo. Colonel Guy claims he tapped out on to a normal kind of overseas rota­ orders in code on his cell wall telling tion." the antiwar POW s to stop expressing The women have not publicly iden­ their views, but Young explains that tified themselves because of fear of re­ officers and enlisted men were segre­ taliation against their husbands. gated in the camp. Thus the enlisted men were free to develop their own chain of command, according to mili­ tary procedure. The Meaning ol Young was captured in 1968. He described how he began to 'question the war as soon as he was sent to the Vietnam Militant/Charles Ostrofsky Vietnam in 1967. "I saw a lot of Sponsors of the action include the National Peace Action Coalition; hatred for the Americans and I saw a lot of suffering," he stated. Accords Student Mobilization Committee; People's Coalition for Peace and Justice; American Indian Movement; Washington D. C. Coalition for Survival; At one point he found himself in National Welfare Rights Organization; New· American Movement; So­ charge of four peasant prisoners "who cialist Workers Party; Young Socialist Alliance; United Farm Workers were captured while hunting crabs on bY Barry Sheppard Union; Southern Christian Leadership Conference; David Hunter, deputy a beach." He disobeyed orders and general secretary of the National Council of Churches; Muhammad Ken­ freed them. and Dick Roberts yatta of the Black Economic Development Conference; and Robert Lewis, Young flatly denies the charge that staff counsel of the United Electrical Workers. he applied to join the North On May 29 the Washington Teachers Union passed a resolution calling Vietnamese army. 25C for "the immediate end to the bombing of Cambodia and the immediate According to the Washington Post and total withdrawal of all [U.S.] personnel and materiel from Southeast interviewer, "Young portrayed The PATHFINDER PRESS Asia," as well as a resolution endorsing the June 16 protest. Plantation as a camp sharply divided 410 West St., New York, N.Y. between officers and enlisted men, with Buses will leave New York for Washington at 6:30 a.m. Saturday 10014. many of the enlisted men opposing morning from Union Square and other locations. For more informa­ tion about bus transportation from New York, call (212) 255-1075.

THE MILITANT/JUNE 22, 1973 9 In Our Opinion Let ten

Terrorism ment unresponsive to the majority of Nixon's price freeze I agree with your article condemning Americans, but is trying to mentally In his speech on the economy June 13, Nixon tried to tell the use of terrorism in Argentina (June indoctrinate the American people's political and social thoughts. us that despite rapidly rising prices, the American people 8). But you have published articles by Gerry Foley excusing the use of I pledge my full support to the So­ actually have the best of all possible worlds. "Our" economy, terror by the Official IRA (Marxist) cialist Workers Party. he claimed, is "the wonder of the world." He tried to convince in Northern Ireland. J.C. us that our "real per capita disposable income"-that is, after Please explain the difference between Rock Island, Ill. taxes and inflation-has risen 7.5 percent since 1971. the Argentine situation and that of Whose income is he talking about? Working people know Northern Ireland. that their buying power has not gone up by anywhere near N. ,Cassidy that amount. New York, N.Y. One honest party What Nixon didn't explain is that this figure of 7.5 percent I've enclosed $10 for subscriptions includes corporate dividends and executive salaries, which Gerry Foley replies- Socialists recog­ for prisoners so more can read The have been shooting up at one of the fastest rates in history. nize the long oppre$Sion of the na­ Militant. In this age of dishonest pol­ Profits have increased by 66 percent since the last part of tionalist minority in Northern Ire­ itics it's good to know there is at least one party ( SWP) that believes in hu­ 1970! But workers are struggling harder and harder just land and the fact that they have been the main victims of reactionary pro­ man rights. to pay the bills. Just in the last five weeks, for example, the imperialist terrorism. At the same I would like to read articles on the cost per week of feeding a family of four in New York climbed time, bombings and assassinations socialist theory of the judicial system. $2. Not to mention rent, medical bills, and other expenses. weaken and demobilize the struggle W.K. Nixori said, "More Americans have jobs today than ever for freedom of the masses of the op­ Fellows, Calif. before." But he failed to add that the number of unemployed pressed population. has not declined significantly, and now officially stands at In all my articles I have carefully 4.4 million. pointed out the negative effects of To cover up the real hardships workers face from rising counterterrorism by the nationalists All-in-all, best issue prices, unemployment, and speedup, Nixon talks about "the and have recommended alternatives. I read this week's Militant [June 1] people" as a whole. He pretends there are no classes in this Moreover, I analyzed and argued and was really pleased by the several­ country, that workers and the capitalist rulers have common against all the terrorist aspects of page coverage of the Farm Workers interests. the Official republican policy in the Union struggle. In fact, I found that articles that make up the pamphlet It issue- I believe the headline was "W a­ is true that the capitalists have never had it better. For Problems of the Irish Revolution, 60 the rest of us, however, Nixon's rosy picture is a fraud. He tergate Revelations" -to be all-in-all cents, published by Pathfinder Press, the best I'd read since I first saw a imposed a 60-day freeze on retail prices, but not rents. How­ 410 West Street, New York, N.Y., copy back in 1970. ever, prices are supposedly frozen at the outrageously high 10014 I think I appreciate your labor news levels of the first week of June! And the lesson of all previous most. I was raised by parents who price "freezes" is that the capitalist government is incapable believed in "building their union as of really controlling prices. they would build their home." Nixon said he would not impose a new wage freeze as 'Eskimo' derogatory term If we are to combat the natural ten­ long as union leaders continue to be "responsible" in their Enclosed is an article from the De­ dency for people to accept the ideolo­ wage demands.- These labor bureaucrats have proved in prac­ troit News about the Inuit Tapirisat, gy of the ruling class, we must show tice that they are ready to sell out the interests of their mem­ the national organi:lation represent­ them that they face the antagonism of bers and help spread the capitalists' lie that wage increases ing Canada's 17,000 Arctic inhabi­ a ruling class with interests hostile cause inflation. tants. The group claims that "Eski­ to theirs every day, and that the la­ bor struggle is a class struggle. The job the union bureaucrats have done in preventing mo"-meaning "raw meat eater"-is a derogatory term and asks the M.M. any real struggles for adequate wage increases was praised Lexington, Ky. recently by A. H. Raskin, an editor of the New York Times Northern Affairs Department to use "Inuit" instead. and a spokesman for the capitalist rulers. He remarked that I'm not familiar with the movement "the level of settlements in major industries has been averaging of the Inuit Tapirisat, but thought only a little above the old Phase 2 guidepost of 5.5 percent, that perhaps it would be a move­ Moving though living costs have been racing uphill at a 9.2 percent ment The Militant could research and Perhaps it is too late to catch the annual rate in the last quarter." puplicize. I think the demand for next issue, but after June 10 I will Nixon's speech threatened to lower the boom and impose recognition by their chosen name of be living at a new address. So many stricter wage controls, however, if the workers decide to chal­ the Inuit people deserves some cover­ things have been brought to my at­ lenge this unjust situation. age. tention through The Militant, I am Other aspects of Nixon's "answer" to inflation were to con­ G.S. astounded with the lack of coverage tinue cutting back on federal spending for social projects Farmington, Mich. in the everyday capitalist press.· Please transfer my address as soon that aid working people and the poor; to impose export con­ as possible. trols on food so as to supposedly "put the American consumer 'You did my thing' K.H. first"; and to try to help the economy and lessen war spending Thank you for the article on the Gainesville, Fla. through deals with the Soviet Union. events relating to the Watergate plane Nixon also claimed he had brought "peace in Vietnam." crash [The Militant, June 8). You did But what kind of peace is there while the U. S.-financed Thieu my thing for me in your usual fash­ army continues its assaults throughout Vietnam, and while ion-you're my moral support while A criticism U.S. planes continue bombing Cambodia? I'm in prison. [Some weeks ago this I have found your paper to be a val­ reader sent The Militant a clipping Nixon's measures are aimed at placating the anger of Amer­ uable source of information, but I from Muhammad Speaks charging have several criticisms. For one thing, ican working people over rising prices, and at stabilizing that the plane crash which killed Wa­ you often fail to distinguish between the dollar in international finance. But his proposals will tergater Dorothy Hunt, along with theory and fact. bring no relief to the squeeze on working-class families. To 44 others, was not accidental.] For example, in one article Mig­ wage a successful fight against high prices, unemployment, I'm being transferred to Sing-Sing uel Pendas stated that the reason and deteriorating social conditions, working people must be­ -make sure my subscription follows the ruling class allows the drug traf­ gin by rejecting the view that the solution to these problems me. ( I never go any place without fic to continue is because it divides lies in workers and capitalists "working together" as one my Militant.) Thank you. • and weakens the working class. This "American people" pitted against the other peoples of the world. A prisoner is a plausible view, but it is a theory, The capitalists in the U.S. and around the world are only New York not a proven fact. interested in maximizing their profits, at the expense of work­ Mark Weissler ing people. U.S. workers need to look not to the American Oxon Hill, Md. capitalists but to their own power and to the international working class. .Confidence in socialism The only way for working people to protect themselves The more I read the Militant and its No charity from the mounting problems of this capitalist economy is straightforward and honest attempt to As you are no doubt aware, many to reject all government wage controls. They can use the tell the American people exactly what hundreds of my gallant Country- tremendous power of the labor movement to fight for ade­ is happening in our so-called dem­ men are interned in concentration quate wage increases and cost-of-living escalator clauses to ocratic form of government, the more camps and prison throughout Ireland. compensate for inflation. The class-collaborationist, "America confident I am that socialism is the Despite the privations suffered by these firsf' outlook of people like Meany, Brennan, and Fitzsimmons only real alternative. heroic freedom fighters and their fam­ must be replaced with a class-struggle leadership that will The Watergate conspiracy shows ilies, they absolutely refuse to accept that not only is the present govern- challenge Nixon's lies and unjust policies. iLa Raza en Acc~l Miguel Pendas

any "charity," but endeavour to sup­ Chicano mov't & the farm workers plement the all too often uneatable Farm workers in Coachella are striking over the special reason and very important role to play if rations by selling hand-made leather right to join the union of their choice- the United the farm workers are to be victorious. goods, woodcraft etc. Farm Workers Union. A coalition of grape growers The boycott of table grapes is an important way On the behalf of our comrades, we and Teamsters union bureaucrats is trying to muscle that all of us can help in the farm workers struggle ask you and your organisation to sup­ the UFWU out of the grape fields for good. With a even if we do not work in the fields. port the Internees Co-operatives by sweetheart "contract," signed behind the backs of the The entire Chicano community must be aroused getting orders from your members. and alerted to the danger to the Farm Workers To place orders for Co-op handi- workers, they are relying on strikebreakers, goons, Union. Support must be won from student groups, '-- crafts, or to obtain further informa­ labor contractors, and sheriff's deputies to smash community organizations, and trade unions. Chi­ tion, write to: the black eagle. cano unionists.· will be especially anxious to organize Sean P. 0 Brian The only reason the rancheros and Teamsters think committees in their locals to aid the Farm Workers. 54 Elderfield Rd., they can get away with this kind of back-room deal There are many Chicanos in the Teamsters union London E5, OLF is because of their arrogant racism. Most farm work­ who reject the actions of their top officials. A special _England ers in California are Chicanos or are from Mexico. The rest are mainly Filipino, Black, Japanese, or effort should be made to work with them. Arab. So the rancheros and Teamsters think they We must determine how to make the grape boy­ can treat them like animals with no rights at all. cott most effective in the Chicano community. Com­ Relative to minority people, Anglo workers are mittees of activists can be formed where they don't Prisoners resist better off. The growers know they can't get enough already exist. We can mobilize large picket lines We would like to see something about of them to harvest their crops under the wages and at A& P and Safeway stores and ask people not the resistance to the S. T. A. R. T. Pro­ conditions they are ready to offer. Instead they look to shop there until they handle only union grapes gram printed in The Militant. to Chicanos and other oppressed peoples to break with the ulack eagle on the label. S. T. A. R. T. is the "Special Treatment their backs under the blazing sun, live in filthy Boycott committees can investigate school cafe­ and Rehabilitative Training" program shacks, and get paid pennies for making the ex­ terias, restaurants, and every grocery store and su­ at the U.S. Medical Center for Feder­ ploiters millionaires. permarket to see if they are carrying scab grapes. al Prisoners at Springfield, Mo. The Teamsters see an opportunity to collect some They too will be picketed until not a single scab The S. T.A.R. T. program opened Sept. dues without having to do anything for the workers grape enters the barrio. 11, 1972; originally there were seven in return. The ·desires of the farm workers mean Rallies can be organized with representatives from men put in it without having any say nothing to them- after all, they are "just Mexicans." the Chicano community, trade unionists, and others so as to whether they wanted treat­ Many mexicano field workers have said they like speaking in support of the farm workers. ment or not. Three of them began a the UFWU because its president, Cesar Chavez, is Strike supporters can collect food and money for a food strike protesting S. T. A. R. T. also a mexicano. By this they are saying that as the strikers and their families so they will not go They were never placed in the hospi­ Raza workers they have a double need for a union. hungry. tal as were the Berrigan Brothers or They need a union that can help protect them the Danbury Ten but were left in their as workers in relation to wages, hours, and working If the farm workers are defeated, it would be a cages 24 hours a day. They stayed conditions. And as members of an oppressed na­ setback for the entire Chicano movement. Let us on the food strike for 65 days. tionality, they need an organization that is concerned not forget that it was the struggle of our brothers As soon as the protest ended they with and ready to resist the racism of the gringo and sisters in the fields that did so much to help started bringing more people into bosses. Clearly they can't look to Teamster hacks develop the Chicano liberation movement in the the program and racially segregating for that. urban barrios. Now we must rally to· their defense. the unit in an effort to keep the pris­ And that's why the Chicano community has a Unidos venceremos! Viva la huelga! oners divided. Six of the men then began another strike consisting of to­ tal noncooperation. Two days after they began the strike, all six of the resisters were handcuffed with their ·hands behind their backs and National Picket Line leg irons connecting their feet to the end of solid steel beds. They were harassed daily. One resister was driv­ Frank Lovell en insane. To this day six men con­ !I, tinue the protest. The S. T.A. R. T. program is an at­ tempt to eliminate all revolutionary Changing the guard at the NMU thought from its captured populace and replace it with a remote control The month-long election for top officers of the 50,000- Cold War. He fingered the Stalinist officials of the mentality! member National Maritime Union (NMU) ended NMU and all militant seamen when the U.S. Coast Louella Wooley May 31. All ballots cast by eligible voters- and Guard screened the industry and lifted the shipping Warrensburg, Mo. probably a few extras-have been counted. To the papers of every radical on the waterfront. surprise of no one, the bureaucracy's candidate was For the past twenty years Curran fattened himself returned to office. Shannon Jerome Wall defeated at the trough of the NMU treasury while the industry challenger James Morrissey by a 2-to-1 margin. underwent transformation and the union declined Wall will preside over the NM U for a four-year to a quarter of its wartime size. Marijuana laws term at $49,000 a year, plus some expense money. On June 21, a $100-a-plate testimonial dinner at I would like to compliment you on He expects to remain in office for the next period­ the Americana Hotel in New York will mark Curran's your excellent news coverage. I would however long that may be. formal departure from the industry and from the like to see more articles on the legal­ The last period extended from the founding of the union. It is fitting that AFL-CIO President George ization of marijuana. The capitalists union in 1937 until this year. Those 36 years are Meany should be the honorary chairman of the running this country have used these now knowp. as the "Curran era," so called because testimonial committee. Also listed among the sponsors laws for too long as a tool of re­ Joseph Curran was the only president the union are other top labor skates, representatives of the pression. ever had until Wall took over. shipping trusts, and some capitalist politicians. These L.J.A. Curran retired with a million dollar pension last are Curran's closest associates. Not a single sailor Miami, Fla. February and appointed Wall as his replacement . sponsored the testimonial dinner, which is not to That was no change so far as the method of run­ say that there were no cheers from the fo'c'sle of ning the union is concerned, but it did represent a ship somewhere at sea- sailors happy to be rid The letters column is an open forum a change of the guard. Wall provides continuity, of Curran. for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ but he is different from Curran because he is the The dinner invitation says that "proceeds benefit eral interest to our readers. Please product of a different era in the history of the trade­ United Seamen's Service," a proper postscript. Curran keep your letters brief. Where neces­ union movement. always fostered the notion that sailors deserve all sary they will be abridged. Please in­ Curran rode with the rising tide of the great CIO the crumbs that fall from the banquet table of the dicate if your name may be used or movement of the 1930s to organize the unorganized shipowners and their friends. if you prefer that your initials be used and establish industrial unionism. Millions of workers This is the spirit Shannon J. Wall is pledged to instead. in those days hoped the CIO would create a new perpetuate. He is qualified for this assignment, having social order based on industrial democracy. started his career as a wartime sailor and then Curran was never much of a leader and probably schooled as a Curran protege. Wall is unemcumbered never understood the scope or meaning of the CIO by anything in the early militant tradition of the movement. In the beginning of his career he was CIO movement. He knows only what came after. a creature of the waterfront section of the Communist His idea of what must be done was stated recently Party. As such, it was easy for him to shift his ser­ in a New York Times interview. He said, "We have vices to the waterfront employers and the U.S. Mari­ gone as far as we can in cooperating with the ship­ time Commission during World War II. This required owners. We certainly don't intend to be anything no break of relations with his Stalinist mentors, who less than cooperative because we can't afford to kill also served the shipowners and the government the goose that lays the golden eggs." during the war. Wall is in for a big surprise. There are no golden Curran's break with the Stalinists came with the eggs left.

THE MILITANT/JUNE 22, 1973 11 The Great Society Harry Ring

Charming - Enjoying the influx of Safety first- On orders from the White Free advice- New York's Mayor heavy smokers who switched showed visitors, Watergate jewelers is offering House, the firing pins were removed Lindsay urged people to save elec­ they all continued to inhale and ab­ a specially designed pin, the Water­ from the rifles of the Marine honor tricity by going to the beach instead sorbed the same high level of carbon gate Bug. It's a tiny elephant wearing guard that paraded before Saigon of turning on their air conditioners. monoxide into their bloodstream. And a headset with antennae. In sterling puppet Thieu at the Western White He didn't say what to do if you don't cigar tars include even more potent with eyes of sapphire, $75. Gold with House this past April. have one. carcinogens than cigarettes. ruby eyes, $225. The owner was con­ cerned it not be "offensive." The ele­ Morality dep't - Los Angeles Police Thought for the week- "We cannot No sale- H. R. Haldeman's briefcase phant is "cute," he explained. "He Chief Edward Davis, who recently ad­ simply rush headlong into policies de­ was supposed to be auctioned off at has the expression of a little boy vocated that there be public airport signed to enhance the environment a fund-raiser for the National Cathe­ caught with his hand in the cookie hangings of skyjackers, says Water­ without running the risk of destroying dral School for Girls, where his daugh­ jar." gate confirms that "the end does not the free enterprise system which has ter is a student. It was expected to justify the means when we are talking served us so handsomely."- Robert bring a top price' even though his about the law." Rooney, a California conservation of­ gold initials had been removed along The silver lining- Washington's in­ ficial. with such partition labels as "Cur­ creasingly popular Spy Shop reports Relax, enjoy!-Japanese experts as­ rent," "File," "Hot," and "Destroy." sales have doubled on its $2,500 tele­ sure that humans would have to eat No panaceas - Coffin-nail addicts But the school returned it to spare phone debugging device. Recent cus­ 10 to 20 ounces of tuna a day for who switch to cigars may be even his daughter "embarrassment." Be­ tomers include members of Congress, at least a month. to suffer the effects worse off, according to British re­ sides, it may be needed for getaway· governors, and police chiefs. of mercury poisoning. searchers. A study of a group of money. ·women In Revolt Linda Jenness~~~!: Miss USA, but Ms. Amanda Jones ~:::· A week· before the Miss USA Beauty Pageant, I'm definitely in favor of equal pay for equal become an activist in the feminist struggle. the New York Times ran an article gleefully pre­ work." ' Taylor apparently based her prediction on the dicting that the future Miss USA would be "no If Taylor hadn't been blinded by her own stereo­ fact that when asked the question, "Who do you Women's Libber." typed notions of what a feminist is, she might think is the greatest person in the world today?," "Women Liberationists may rant and burn their have been able to see the handwriting on the wall. many of the women listed their fathers, or Pres­ bras, but being chosen the fairest of them all is She assumes that feminist ideas appeal only to ident Nixon, or Billy Graham. But then, if you still the dream of many a wholespme, well-stacked "kooky" people. The truth is that they appeal to were in the contest for the money, and you knew American girl," said Times writer Angela Taylor. broad layers of women, including some who enter that the judges included Joe Frazier, some John It just couldn't happen, she told us, that the beauty contests. · Wayne-types, and some fashion designers, who 'ideal' American woman could be anything but Feminist ideas also appeal, iricidentally, to grow­ would you list? Certainly not Gloria Steinem or politically "conservative," show little individuality, ing numbers of women journalists, and it's a pity Fidel Castro! and want to marry the boy next door. that Angela Taylor isn't one of them. The Times Beauty contests were one of the first targets of Well, the Times was wrong. When the current article is bad enough, but the fact that it's written the feminist movement in the late 1960s. Women Miss USA introduces herself she says, "I'm Miss by a woman makes it more obnoxious. Taylor began to object to the degrading, "livestock" dis­ USA and Ms. Amanda Jones." can't help mentioning "Miss Virginia's impressive play of women's bodies. These contests reinforce Amanda Jones participated in antiwar demon­ bosom ... Miss Maryland's pretty legs ... and the idea that the only thing that counts about strations. On abortion, she says, "It's the deci­ the whistle-worthy cleavage of Miss New Mexico." a woman is the way she looks. They try to estab­ sion of the woman and the woman alone. And In her article, she points out that several of the lish the "perfect" way all women should look­ she deserves every bit of assistance -legal and contestants interviewed said they entered the con­ white, tall, and 36-24-36. medical- that she can get" test for the money- the winner gets $15,000. One As feminist consciousness grows, and more and She's not even too interested in the boy next contestant told her, "I'm not a real women's libber, more people protest the objectification of women, . door. "It isn't vital to me that I get married. I'd but I'd like to be able to support myself, even beauty contests will lose their support But at least · eventually like to have children, but I could adopt, if I marry." One contestant was a championship Amanda Jones, as an antiwar activist and be­ even as a single parent," she told Associated Press. swimmer, another a teacher, another a sergeant liever in women's rights, is a more accurate rep­ She also believes that "women are perfectly ca­ in the Air Force. And Taylor might have remem­ resentative of young American women than the pable of carrying on any career they want. And bered that Miss Oregon of a few years ago has beauty pageant organizers bargained for.

By Any Means Necessary Baxter Smith Of justice and chickens Most Blacks have long known that they frequently e Blacks accused of serious crimes against Brutality has been common at Holmesburg. In get the short end of the stick in the courts. Blacks whites are found guilty by judges of the major 1970, a Philadelphia Daily News reporter wit­ are often the victims of all sorts of cruel schemes charge against them in 49 percent of the cases. nessed a group of prisoners being beaten while involving racist prosecutors and judges, lying · This compares to 37 percent of the cases when forced to run a gauntlet of guards armed with cops, high bonds, unfair juries, and other fac­ both the offender and victim are Black. clubs. tors that render the courts a powerful weapon • ·It also found that the court system is heavily At one time, the guards used to isolate "prob­ against us. weighted against persons under the age of 30. lem" prisoners in a special "Klondike" cell. The The Philadelphia Inquirer recently completed a Those under 30 who plead guilty or are found cell contained a giant torture radiator designed seven-month survey of criminal "justice" in Phil­ guilty are sent to jail in 65 percent of the cases. to heat an area many times larger. Four prisoners adelphia, which has a Black population of close Persons 30 and over who plead guilty or are were roasted to death there in 1938. to 40 percent. The study was based on more than convicted of a violent crime are sent to jail in 1,000 court cases of major crimes in 1971 and 48 percent of the cases. Last week at Holmesburg the warden and deputy produced statistics to bear out our long-time What do many of the victims of the Philadelphia warden were stabbed to death by two Black pris­ claims. court system have to face? Holmesburg prison. oners. It found that Blacks are more likely to be con­ Such desperate acts will not end the injustices victed of a crime if the victim is white rather than This is the 77 -year-old institution in Northeast of capitalism-the Man can replace wardens as Black. Blacks are sentenced to longer terms than Philly that a three-judge Common Pleas Court well as presidents. whites for committing similar crimes. The statis­ panel last year declared to be "unconstitutionally But after reading of the stabbing deaths, and tics, as reported in the May 26 New Republic, cruel and unusual punishment." Among other remembering the statistics on "justice" Philadelphia­ also reveal: things, the panel called the food "inadequate to style, I couldn't help but recall an expression of • Blacks convicted for a violent crime are sent maintain the health of an average prisoner, and Malcolm X. He was referring to the assassination to jail in 64 percent of the cases compared to harmful to one with such conditions as diabetes, of President Kennedy. He said that in view of 42 percent of the cases for whites. or an ulcer." all the violent crimes that the government had e Blacks convicted of a violent crime are sent This prison was built to hold fewer than 700 inflicted in one way or another against Blacks to jail for seven months or longer in 69 percent prisoners, but it generally holds 1,200. Two or and other oppressed peoples around the world, of the cases while whites are sentenced to prison three men are now shoehorned into cells originally, Kennedy's assassination was a case of the chickens terms of that length in 49 percent of the cases. and none too generously, built for one. coming home to roost.

12 A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON SELECTIONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS, A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTING THE VIEWPOINT OF REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM.

JUNE 22, 1973

offering them 2,000 vehicles); in face store in the cordon. of the escalation of the right wing in 3. Reactivate the Vigilance Commit­ the political and economic spheres, tees for the Protection of Enterprises especially as regards the problem of in places where they existed last Octo­ distribution; in face of the escalation ber, and create them where they did in activity by the bands of Patria y not. These are pickets that are more Libertad; in face of the threat of sedi­ or less equipped to defend industries, tious actions by the right during the since there is a danger that the reac­ .Chilean workers mobilize [May 21] ceremony opening the next tionary forces will attempt to take session of the national Congress, at them over. In addition, these com­ which Allende will be speaking; in mittees and all the workers in general face of this entire offensive by the are to remain on the alert for any bourgeoisie, the cord6n is stirring like seditious activity by the right wing. to meet rightist threat a colossus awakening from slumber. 4. Agitation and propaganda are Unlike previous meetings, during to be stepped up. Since only a small [Hugo Blanco, a Peruvian Trotsky­ sense that they continue to make use which the cordon languished with little number of the factories in the zone ist leader, was sentenced to twenty­ of the unions, but they are linked by worker representation, the workers are affiliated with the cordon, the work five years in prison as a result of his zone, by cordon, rather than by in­ vanguard from the zone was strongly of the cordon must be made known to work in organizing peasant unions dustrial branch. At first the top leader­ represented at the last one. It got right the broadest layers of the rank and in the early 1960s. He was released ship of the CUT refused to recognize to the point and some important con­ file. It is felt that the people's store, from prison in 1970, after serving the cordones, an·d the CP called them crete agreements were arrived at: which is taking charge of a vital prob­ eight years. In 1971 he was deported illegal bodies. Today this position is 1. It was agreed that in case of a lem for Chile, will enhance both the to Mexico because of his revolution­ no longer tenable, and the reformists strike by the bosses, the workers in prestige of the cordon and the need for ary activity. He is currently living now reluctantly recognize them in the cordon would organize transpor­ it. in exile in Chile.] view of the fact that their own rank tation in a centralized fashion so that 5. Not to return to private owner­ and file has refused to heed their ef­ the workers will be able to reach their ship the Hilanderia Andina [Andina fort to ignore the cordones. At the factories. This is to be done with ve­ Spinning Mill], which was taken over By Hugo Blanco same time, they are demanding that hicles belonging to the factories. by the workers and is operating better Sa~tiago the cordones subordinate themselves MAY 18-A superficial glance at to the CUT leadership. The cordones Chile might lead one to conclude that are paying no attention to this de­ everything is moving to the right. mand. Among the parties of the right, the Going back, the history of the fascist movement Patria y Libertad spread of the cordones began with the [Fatherland and Freedom] is becom­ "Workers Command of the Cerrillos ing stronger. In the Christian Democ­ Cordon" in June 1972. It was formed racy the right wing has carried the in connection with three serious work­ day. The right wing of the Unidad ers struggles in the zone at the time. Popular [Popular Unity] is getting The second was the Vicuna Mackena stronger. Even the left wing of the Cordon, which was formed in August Socialist party and the left MAPU 1972, but reached its high point dur­ [Movimiento de Accion Popular ing the bosses' strike last October. Unitaria- Movement for United Pop­ The big advantage of organizing ular Action] are softening their line, by cordones lies in their ability to and the M IR [Movimiento de Iz­ quickly assemble the masses and lead­ quierda Revolucionaria- Movement ers, which is something that federa­ of the Revolutionary Left] itself goes tions by industrial branch cannot do. so far as to defend Bachelet, the mili­ In a period of "emergencies" such as tary official who has brought about the present one, this is a quality of no a retreat from the distribution of small value. Their big weakness is goods under popular control. also tied to "emergencies," since it is Workers' assembly in Chile discusses participation in management of a nationalized Yet the workers vanguard is boldly only during such periods that they plant. moving into action in the face of the surge forward in a demonstration of right-wing escalation. This is clearly workers power. shown by the Vicuna Mackena Cor­ During periods of relative calm, the 2. Workers in two unions, one of than ever since it lost its boss. The don. Cordon is the term used to refer workers representatives who continue which is in the "Monserrat" super­ Supreme Court has ruled in favor of to the concentration of factories along to attend cordon meetings are over­ market (which is in the hands of the returning it. certain avenues in Santiago. These whelmed by petty-bourgeois elements, workers), have formed a committee to Problems like the distribution of concentrations are called cordones in­ who are also allowed to attend be­ organize a people's store for the goods are not mere conjunctural prob­ dustriales [industrial belts]. cause the vanguard workers are not cordon. It will operate out of one of lems. As a result, they can serve as The working class is organized into sectarian. In these cases, interminable the factories. a permanent axis for developing the unions on a factory basis, and these "high-level" discussions can be heard, The following was projected: a) that dynamism of the cord6n. unions are grouped into federations heavily flavored with personal recrim­ industries that produce food or other Thus the working class is offering of the various industrial branches; ination and superficiality ("fish-head consumer goods will supply the store a challenge not only to the right wing these federations in turn belong to stupidities" is the way the Chilean with them; b) that industries that pro­ and its escalation, but also to the the Central Unica de Trabajadores worker describes this); and along with duce something needed by the con­ retreat of the forces of reformism in [CUT- Workers Central Union]. The all this are MIR-ist proposals for sumer-goods-producing industries will the face of this escalation. leadership of the CUT is bureau­ artificial "mobilizations" that are not supply them; c) that factories that The producing class is beginning cratized and serves as a brake on the prepared at the rank-and-file level. have been taken over by the workers to take up the problem of organizing workers, though to a lesser extent than But now, when the workers sense and that possess vehicles will make the distribution of the goods that it in other countries, owing to workers an imminent threat from the right or them available for transporting the produces. In itself this is a very mobility. The main political force in the capitulation of the reformists, they above; d) that the cordon demands serious matter. But it is all the more so it is the Communist party, though it are returning to their cordon and call­ that the Distribuidora Nacional in a context in which the bourgeoisie also includes even Christian Demo­ ing a gentle but firm halt to the be­ [DIN A C - National Distribution has been making statements such as crats. havior of their generally well-inten­ Agency], which is owned by the state, the one made in the May 12 editorial As in every prerevolutionary pro­ tioned petty-bourgeois friends. supply goods; e) that the private dis­ of El Mercurio: "Civil war, or at least cess, the masses are beginning to This can be seen very clearly in the tribution agency, CODINA, will also confrontation, appears inevitable." create new organizations that are case of Vicuna Mackena. In face of be pressured to do the same; f) that It is in view of all these factors more responsive to their struggle, preparations for a new strike by the a meeting will be held of all the that the great proposal of the CP for though for the moment they are not bosses in the transportation industry popular and peasants groups in the the present situation takes on its full abandoning the old ones. The cor­ (in spite of the fact that the govern­ area in order to organize the distribu­ savor: "Collect signatures against civil dones are a partial innovation in the ment is rewarding their strength by tion of goods to thein via the people's war." 0 World Outlook W0/2

psychiatric hospital in April 1965, Gri­ gorenko's personal situation was ex­ tremely difficult-he had lost his pen­ Grigorenko denied medical treatment sion and was unable to obtain work in his field because of his past po­ litical activity. Despite the fact that he was an invalid and almost sixty Kremlin bureaucrats threaten years old, he was forced to work as a loader in order to survive. Between 1966 and his arrest in 1969, Grigorenko played a leading role in the defense of arrested dissi­ life of imprisoned oppositionist dents, in the protests against the So­ viet invasion of Czechoslovakia, and By Marilyn Vogt in Z aporizhka Oblast, in the Ukrain­ that because the government had "de­ in defense of the right of the Crimean ian SSR. A graduate of the Academy parted from Leninist norms and prin­ Tatars to return to their homeland of the General Staff, he served in the ciples . . . it was essential to conduct The case of Pyotr G. Grigorenko from which they had been deported Soviet Army during World War II explanatory work among the people, en masse by Stalin in 1944. In his stands as stark testimony to the bru­ and received numerous military dec­ aimed at 'breaking down' the existing tal measures Stalin's heirs in the activities in defense of the Crimean orations for heroism. In the early order. He studied Marx and Lenin Kremlin are utilizing in their cam- years of the war he was reprimanded and pondered the mistakes of the po­ . paign to destroy dissident commu­ · The May 28 and June 4 issues for speaking out against the poor state litical leadership, [and] tried to map nists. of preparedness of the Soviet armed out the right course." of Intercontinental Press contain According to information recently forces. During the fighting in 1944 According to the "out-patient foren­ lengthy articles by Gerry Foley received from the Soviet Union, a ju­ he received a heel injury that made sic psychiatric diagnosis" conducted that may be of interest to Militant dicial-psychiatric commission ruled him an invalid. in Tashkent (on the premises of the January 29, 1973, that Grigorenko readers. Foley discusses the situa­ Following the war he was a senior KGB) in August 1969 while Grigo­ tion in Ireland in the course of must continue to undergo compulsory lecturer at the Frunze Military Acad­ renko was in the Far East; he had a polemic against the sectarian "psychiatric treatment." emy, and in 1959 he was appointed decided "to struggle against the ex­ A former Soviet army general and head of the Department of Military isting order, 'to conduct an explana­ Socialist labour league of Britain. a prominent leader of the opposition Administration. tion of Leninist tenets among the peo­ He takes up, among other things, movement, Grigorenko has been un­ In 1961 he spoke out at a party ple, and spread Leninist principles.' the role of nationalism and its dergoing compulsory psychiatric treat­ meeting against the departures from He began to prepare leaflets and to ment since 1970 because of his ac­ relation to the overall class strug­ Leninism in the party. According to duplicate them on a typewriter. The tivities in defense of arrested dissidents gle in Ireland, the question of and oppressed nationalities in the terrorism, the need for a revo­ USSR. He has been confined in a lutionary party and some of the prison psychiatric hospital in Cher­ problems in building such a party. nyakovsk in the Russian Soviet Feder­ To order these issues send $1 ated Socialist Republic on the Polish to Box border since June 1970. Intercontinental Press, P. 0. 116, Village Station, New York, A press release from the New York­ N.Y. 10014. based Committee for the Defense of Soviet Political Prisoners reports the Tatars, Grigorenko worked closely following recent developments in Gri­ with Aleksei Kosterin, an Old Bolshe­ gorenko's case: vik who died in November 1968, his "A telephone call placed to Zinaida death having been hastened by inceS­ Grigorenko [Pyotr's wife], on May 2, sant KGB harassment. 1973, revealed that she had been In his speech to Crimean Tatars called by the Moscow KGB [secret on Kosterin's seventy-second birthday police] for questioning. In view of the in March 1968, Grigorenko stated: fact that she refused to discuss any­ "Your rights are trampled under­ thing except her husband, she was foot. Why? . . . the main reason for let go. But she was told on a num­ this lies in the fact that you under­ ber of occasions that it might be a estimate your enemy. You think you good idea for her to travel to Cher­ are dealing only with honest people. nyakovsk . . . because the scheduled This is not so. What happened to your court trial may decide to release him, people was not the work of Stalin and 'perhaps you may take him alone. And his accomplices are not home.' only still alive, they hold responsible "Upon arriving in Chernyakovsk at positions.... the end of April, she was told by "You address humble supplications the [prison] officials that the trial had to the party leadership . . . [Instead already taken place on January 29, you should] start to demand! And 1973, and the court had decided nei­ do not just demand fragments- de­ ther to release Grigorenko, nor to mand everything that was unlawfully have him transferred to a regular hos­ taken away from you. Demand the pital. She was reml.n.ded by the of­ In the last four months of 1941, 500,000 Soviet prisoners of war, like those above, reestablishment of the Crimean Au­ ficials that on a previous occasion, died. Grigorenko has done much to record the real role of the Stalinist bureaucrats tonomous Soviet · Socialist Republic! when her husband was released (April, in World War II. "Do not limit yourselves to the writ­ 1965], he continued his 'activi­ ing of petitions. Strengthen your de­ ties' .... mands by all the means that are avail­ the November 1969 "in-patient foren­ leaflets issued from a self-styled "When she saw her husband, she able to you under the constitution­ sic psychiatric diagnosis" of the Serb­ 'Union of struggle for the revival of was shocked to learn that he is com­ make good use of the freedom of Leninism.'" pletely blind in one eye, and that he sky Institute (supplied to the West by speech and of the press, of meetings, was not being treated for this. He did Vladimir Bukovsky, a Soviet dissi­ For these activities Grigorenko was street processions, and demonstrations. not know of the court's decision and dent, himself now imprisoned), Gri­ arrested in February 1964 and "A newspaper is put out for you in she did not tell him. Grigorenko did gorenko had come to the conclusion charged under Article 70 of the Rus­ Tashkent. But its editors do not sup­ not receive any of her letters during "that not all the consequences of the sian Criminal Code ["anti-Soviet ac­ port your movement. Kick them out the course of the 32 days which pre­ 'personality cult' had been liquidated, tivity"]. To avoid a trial that could and choose your own editorial staff. ceded her visit. that there remained in the party 'Bo­ have proved embarrassing to them, "If you are prevented, boycott the "Friends of Grigorenko are appeal­ napartist methods of work.'" the bureaucrats declared Grigorenko newspaper and start another one, your ing that his case be given attention, For his opposition ,to bureaucratic insane. He was ordered to undergo own press. for there is a real fear that the re­ rule, Grigorenko received a party rep­ compulsory psychiatric treatment in "In your struggle, do not lock your­ gime is trying to kill Grigorenko in rimand, lost his post, was demoted August 1964. self in a narrow nationalist shell. Es­ the same manner as they killed Yury in rank, and was transferred to the His "insanity" was characterized, ac­ tablish contacts with progressive peo­ Galanskov." Maritime Province near Vladivostok cording to the psychiatric commission, ple in other nations of the Soviet (Galanskov, an imprisoned dissi­ in the Far East, where the bureau­ "by the presence of reformist ideas, Union-first of all with those nation­ dent, was refused proper treatment for crats hoped he would be politically in particular for the reorganization alities among whom you live, the Rus­ his acute case of stomach ulcers. He isolated and ineffective. of the state apparatus; and this was sians and Ukrainians who have been died in October 1972 after being "op- They were wrong. Grigorenko con­ linked with ideas of overestimation and continue to be persecuted like -erated on" by an inmate in the Mor­ tinued his opposition activities. of his own personality that had your people." dovian prison camp.) The same forensic report states that reached messianic proportions." In May 1969, while in Tashkent, Pyotr Grigorenko was born in 1907 during 1962-64 Grigorenko concluded Mter his release from the special where he had gone to work in defense W0/3

of arrested Crimean Tartar activists, [the bureaucrats' suppression of dis­ Grigorenko was arrested again. He sidents and minority peoples in the World news notes was forced to undergo two psychiatric USSR]. . . . The above-mentioned examinations - one in Tashkent condition of mental illness excludes [Uzbek SSR] and another at the Serb­ the possibility of his being responsible sky Institute of Forensic Psychiatry in for his actions and controlling them; New blow to U.S. blockade of Cuba Moscow. The first examining commis­ consequently the patient must be con­ On May 28 Argentine President Hector Campara announced the sion found Grigorenko sane. The ex­ sidered of unsound mind." establishment of diplomatic relations with Cuba, making Argentina amining board of the second, which This diagnosis was upheld by a the eighth Latin American or Caribbean country to do so. The included the notorious Professor D. R. Tashkent court in February 1970 and others are Barbados, Chile, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, and Lunts, who works at least part-time Grigorenko was sent to Chernyakovsk Trinidad and Tobago. for the KGB, concluded: in May 1970. In 1964 the Organization of American States (OAS), at Wash­ "Grigorenko is suffering from a men­ The Kremlin is determined to keep ington's insistence, passed a resolution requiring its members to tal illness in the form of a pathological Grigorenko confined until he re­ break off diplomatic, trade, and transportation ties with revolu­ paranoid development of the person­ nounces his ideas. His poor health, tionary Cuba. Only the Mexican government refused to obey the ality, with the presence of reformist which has further deteriorated because resolution. ideas that have appeared in his per­ of the harsh conditions of his confine­ The first major breach in the U.S. blockade came shortly after sonality ... ment, the prospect that he may soon the election of Salvador Allende as president of Chile in September "Confirmation of this can be seen in be totally blind, and the prison au­ 1970. Allende announced the resumption of diplomatic relations the psychotic condition present in thorities' refusal to provide the neces­ on November 12. 1964, which arose during an unfavor- sary medical treatment are evidence The military government of Peru recognized the Cuban govern­ -able situation and expressed itself in that the Stalinist bureaucrats are de­ ment in July 1972, and the other countries mentioned restored dip­ ideas ... of reformism and persecu- termined to destroy Grigorenko in lomatic relations last October. With Argentina following suit, it tion.... The paranoid condition was prison if he will not recant. becomes even more difficult for Nixon to keep other governments not completely overcome. Reformist in line. ideas have taken on an obstinate char­ Grigorenko's case is reviewed every Nixon's own policies have undoubtedly contributed to the growing acter and determine the conduct of the six months. It is scheduled to be dis­ unwillingness to participate in the U. S. blockade. When it suited patient; in addition the intensity of cussed again this June. Revolutionists U. S. interests, Nixon was willing to "recognize" the Cuban gov­ these ideas is increased in connection around the world must organize in ernment to the extent of signing the antihijacking agreement in with various external circumstances his defense and demand that the bu­ February. And the establishment under another name of diplo­ which have no direct relation to him reaucrats free Pyotr Grigorenko. 0 matic relations between Peking and Washington makes the impe­ rialist blockade of Cuba appear all the more absurd. Palestinians protest in occupied territories In the first organized general protest in more than four years, Thai students demand Arab shopkeepers in East Jerusalem staged a general strike June 5. The date marked the sixth anniversary of the six-day war in which Israel occupied the West Bank of the Jordan River. closing of U.S. bases "Israeli soldiers with buckets of black paint marked the front Thai students are preparing a na­ airbases, ports and communications of about 20 stores with an X in a circle- a symbol that in past tionwide protest movement against the facilities, and Thai cooperation in years meant the shops would be closed and their goods confis­ presence of U.S. air bases in their Laos and Cambodia." cated. The purpose today seemed to be to intimidate the shopkeep­ _country, according to a report in the There is another payment for the ers," reported Terence Smith in the June 6 New York Times. May 28 Far Eastern Economic Re­ bases not mentioned in Peagam's re­ Smith also reported that ten shopkeepers who refused to reopen view. The movement is expected to port: U.S. assistance against the guer­ were arrested, but that no charges were lodged against them. Other get under way in July, when univer­ rilla movement in Thailand's north­ protests included the raising of Palestinian flags and the painting sity vacations end. eastern provinces. In the May 12 is­ of slogans. Actions were reported in a number of areas on the West There are presently about 45,000 sue of the U.S. weekly New Republic, Bank, including Ramallah. U. S. servicemen in Thailand, most Tad Szulc reported that Nixon is now of them at large air bases from which supplying "counterinsurgency experts" B-52 bombers are sent to bomb Cam­ to "advise" the government in its anti­ bodia. Their presence is also intended guerrilla operations. Most of the "ad­ as a continuing threat to North Viet­ visers" involved gained their counter­ nam. insurgency experience in South Viet­ Review correspondent Norman Pea­ nam. gam reported that the Thai govern­ The military assistance is being pro­ ment was considering banning the na­ vided through the Agency for Inter­ tional student organization that is national Development (AID) in order planning the campaign against the to keep an "economic" cover. The AID bases. "Such a move could come with mission in Bangkok now includes the demonstrations against the US more than 250 persons. bases, since US military aid (around $600 million since 1964) is the life­ The planned protests are part of blood of the armed forces, upon which a rising student movement that- has the Thai Government is based, and been taking up issues ranging from it is given so freely and so plentifully university conditions to Japanese in­ in return for American use of Thai fluence on the economy. 0

Israeli soldiers marking store of Palestinian who participated in protest strike.

Intercontinental Press Hard to follow the leader when the mail's late THE COMING CONFRONTATION Followers of Gerry Healy's sectarian Socialist Labour League Where is Allende taking Chile? When the chips are down, where will the mil­ in Britain and his U. S. disciples, the Workers League, are being itary stand? What are the organizations of the workers, peosants, and the left offered a choice of analyses of what is happening in the Watergate doing? What are their programs? What are the perspectives facing the Chilean scandal. people? The May 22 Workers Press, Healy's paper, explains that "Nixon For the answers read Intercontinental Press, the only English-language weekly is under siege in the White House, with a powerful section of the magazine that specializes on news and analysis of revolutionary struggles from American ruling class growing more and more determined that Canada to Chile and all around the world. he must go.... Intercontinental Press: A socialist antidote to the lies of the capitalist media. "The moneyed interests which stand behind the 'Washington Post' Name ______and the 'New York Times' are interested, above all, in clearing ------the decks for all-out trade war and deflation." Address ______Looking through the same glasses, the editors of the Bulletin, the paper of the Workers League, saw an entirely different picture. They say in their May 28 issue: CitY------State ------Zip------"This crisis has come at just the moment when the capitalist class requires a strong government to carry on a trade war against ( ) Enclosed is $7.50 for six months. ) Enclosed is $15 for one year. Europe and a virtual civil war against the American working class, Intercontinental Press, P. 0. Box 116, Village Station, New York, New York 10014. and all sections of the ruling class are beginning to come to Nixon's defense, trying to prevent the complete downfall of his government." World Outlook W0/4

~gime abolishes monarchY. Greek naval officers fail in attempt to dump colonels By Allen Myers Even prior to the May 22 arrests, there had been signs of an increased "Let the king's voice be heard," pro­ unity and activity among the bour­ claimed the Athens daily Eleftheros geois sectors that would like to re­ Kosmos May 25 in a front-page ed­ place the Papadopoulos dictatorship itorial. "Rightly or wrongly the im­ with a regime less offensive to do­ pression was created in the armed mestic and world opinion. This bour­ forces and public opinion that the king geois opposition seems to have co­ is directly or indirectly implicated in alesced around the figure of the exiled the navy episode." King Constantine. The "navy episode" first came to The king's role is explained in part public attention May 24, when a by the traditionally royalist attitude spokesman for the Greek military dic­ of the navy's top officers. (All of the tatorship announced that a ''handful" officers so far mentioned as leaders of naval officers had been arrested of the plot are well known as mon­ on the night of May 22 for plotting archists.) to overthrow the government. The split in the armed forces re­ "Two retired naval officers," the vealed by the attempted coup is based spokesman said, "misled some naval on more than ideology, however. officers in active service. Under their Since 1967, the army colonels have • If') plan, they would have put three war­ ships out to the open sea, addressed displaced the admirals in the enjoy­ PAPPAS: government of colonels 'is bad for America. The U.S. must do something.' a message to the Greek people and ment of the privileges of rank. As issued an ultimatum to the govern­ John K. Cooley put it in the April21 bell ion." Meanwhile, a third council that might be diverted by the instal­ ment. . . . But those who issued the Christian Science Monitor: permitted the sale of Athens News on lation of a parliamentary regime. orders failed to show up. They stayed "The new power elite . . . is a gen­ the grounds that most of its readers In a May 14 statement distributed at home, frightened, and were arrest­ eration of Army officers who came are foreigners. to foreign reporters in Athens, Ca­ ed there." from lower-middle-class or humble ru­ The April 26 New York Times re­ nellopoulos came to the verbal defense The two retired officers were iden­ ral and village backgrounds, but ported that "qualified observers" ex­ of the students in the name of "those tified as Vice Admirals Ioannis Mi­ whose pay, allowances, fringe bene­ pected no action against the papers' who in the past represented the na­ neos and Constantine Engolfopoulos. fits, and educations have vastly im­ editors because under the Greek press tion through free elections, regardless Engolfopoulos was naval chief of staff proved with their assumption of po­ law Karamanlis "would have to be of party affiliation." prior to the 1967 coup that brought litical power." indicted along with the executives of Canellopoulos condemned the wide­ the colonels to power. The navy officers and the king are the newspapers. These observers rea­ Four days later, the Defense Min­ thus the natural allies of the bour­ spread arrests of students, many of soned that the Government was un- istry issued a communique claiming geois opposition politicians. r whom are being held in secret and likely to risk the 66-year-old leader's that "more officers had been in the One month before the planned up­ have been denied any contact with return to Athens to face trial because plot than was originally believed." rising, a considerable stir was cre­ relatives or lawyers. it might create problems for public "The plan of the insurgents," the min­ ated by a statement from former Pre­ But the last thing these bourgeois istry said, "was to move the largest mier Constantine Karamanlis, who order." politicians want is to see the students A considerable part of Karaman­ possible number of ships, which would headed the right-wing National Rad­ or any other oppressed sector of the lis's threat to the Papadopoulos re­ population engaged in mass struggle. have made a rendezvous at the har­ ical Union and was premier from Their perspectives do not go beyond bor of Hermoupolis, on Syros Island, 1955 to 1963. He issued the state­ gime resides in the fact that he would be acceptable to Washington if he suc­ the twin strategies of military coup in the central Aegean Sea. ment in Paris, where he has lived ceeded in replacing the colonels- even and persuading U. S. imperialism that "There the insurgents issue a proc­ for the past ten years. though there is no indication that U. S. they can do a better job than Papa­ lamation outliniag the political tar­ Karamanlis called for the return of imperialism is willing to risk the in­ dopoulos of representing its interests. gets of the putsch, solicit the support King Constantine to Greece and the stability that could result from actively With the failure of the May 22 coup of the army and the air force, and establishment of an "experienced and backing the bourgeois opposition. In attempt, the other half of the strategy demand the government's resignation. strong government" that would have an April 29 dispatch to the Manches­ becomes dominant for the time being, Until their demands were met, they "extraordinary powers for a limited ter Guardian, David Tonge gave the even as it becomes less convincing would proceed to a show of force period" while preparing a return to following description of the ex-premier: to Washington. by sending small landing parties to a parliamentary regime. "He is the spiritual leader of much At a May 28 press conference in various islands of the Cyclades, where When three Greek papers published of the country's right wing. He re­ Rome, the captain of the Velos told there are no military garrisons, in all or part of the Karamanlis state­ ceives a grudging respect from many reporters that the government of the order to bolster the morale of the ment, the Papadopoulos regime be­ colonels "is bad for America. The population. trayed considerable indecisiveness in of the officers, though few seem pre­ United States must do something. I "Depending on the number of ships its reaction. pared actually to follow him. He is don't say the Sixth Fleet has to stage tha·t would join the mutiny, they had accepted by the center, and even by a landing and throw the colonels out. plans to blockade the ports of Piraeus many Communists, as the only man and Salonika. H the plot failed, the who could lead an interim govern­ But there are other ways." fleet would have left for Italy." ment to break the present political Captain Pappas went on to make impasse... the unlikely assertion that "former The ministry also said that an un­ "Some of Karamanlis's credibility Communists" are involved in the pres­ derground group called Greek Anti­ stems from it being known that he ent regime and that this represented dictatorial Youth had planned to join is liked by Washington. Many Greeks, a danger to NATO. in the uprising by carrying out sabo­ however mistakenly [sic), believe that For their part, the colonels are us­ tage and political assassinations on this is where their country's fate is ing the occasion to consolidate their the mainland. decided. They know that in 1955 Ka­ hold and divert attention from such Thirty-five naval officers were said ramanlis was initially helped to power problems as the student demonstra­ to be involved in the plot, thirty-two by the Americans, and that he has tions, the apparently deadlocked ne­ of them of high rank. never burned his bridges to Wash­ gotiations concerning Cyprus, and the During the four days between the ington." inability of the regime to persuade two government statements, the offi­ Karamanlis's April 23 statement the European Development Bank to cers and crew of the destroyer Velos, PAPADOPOUlOS: announces deposing was reported to have drawn public grant badly needed loans. which was participating in NATO ma­ of King Constantine. declarations of support from other The dictatorship is carrying out a neuvers, mutinied and sailed to Italy, prominent bourgeois politicians, in­ thorough purge of the navy. Vice Ad­ where they were granted asylum. cluding George Mavros, head of the miral Constantine Margaritis, head of The May 28 communique named The three papers- the Athens Vra­ Center Union, and former Premier Pa­ the navy, was forced into retirement three more. alleged leaders of the plot. dyni, Salonika Thessaloniki, and the nayotis Canellopoulos, who followed May 31. According to the June 1 New They were Nicholas Pappas, the cap­ English-language Athens News- were Karamanlis as leader of the National York Times, some 200 naval officers tain of the Velos, Captain George Ko­ confiscated or forced ta remove the Radical Union. are being held for "questioning" in nofaos, and Admiral Ioannis Rozak is. offending passages. On April 25 a connection with the attempted coup. Konofaos and Rozakis were both judicial council in Athens approved The series of student antigovernment On May 27, the Athens press be­ thrown out of the navy because of the seizure of Vradyni. But at the demonstrations over recent months gan printing reports on the impending . their participation in the king's at- same time, another council in Salo­ were undoubtedly a factor1 in the crys­ abolition of the monarchy, and on tempted countercoup of December nika removed the ban on sales there tallization of the bourgeois opposition June 1 the regime announced that 1967. Konofaos was reported to have of both Vradyni and Thessaloniki, at this time. The student movement Constantine had been deposed. It said been arrested May 24. Rozakis had saying that the Karamanlis statement would be seen as both a potential a plebiscite would later be held to ,left Greece for Italy on May 19. was "not a manifest incitement to re- source of support and as a danger ratify this decision. 0 New 'Labor Committee' gangsterism inN. Y. SWPer seriously hurt in NCLC assault NEW YORK, June 12- Three mem­ the NCLC. coming up with characters like John · bers of the Socialist Workers Party "The attack on June 9," Oliver said, Caulfield and Anthony Ulasewicz. were assaulted by five armed goons "represents a new level of escalation These two of 'New York's finest' grad­ from the National Caucus of Labor of the NCLC gangster activities. Pre­ uated from local police undercover Committees (NCLC) on Saturday, viously, the NCLC tried to disrupt work to White House employment in June 9. The attack, the latest in a public meetings by mobilizing large 1969, when Nixon began to set his series of such violent incidents, left numbers of armed attackers. But they Watergate operations into motion," SWP member Jesse Smith seriously have been repeatedly repulsed, and Oliver said. "Are unsavory types like injured. Smith remains hospitalizedfor ejected by well-organized defense these now using the NCLC to attack treatment of a badly broken arm, guards. the SWP and other radical groups?" gashes on his face and head requir­ "Now, they have resorted to terror­ he asked. ing 11 stitches, and numerous welts ist attacks by small bands on indiv­ A press conference is being orga­ and bruises on his back and arms. iduals walking the streets. nized to protest the cowardly NCLC The two other victims, Ken Shilman, "When they attacked a meeting at beatings and to demand that the city Lower Manhattan organizer of the · Columbia University on April 24, the administration tak · action to compel SWP, and Rebecca Finch, coordinator NCLC brought 50 to 60 people. The the police and the district attorney of the New York SWP mayoral cam­ absurdity of their attempts to 'destroy' to bring criminal charges against the paign, were not seriously injured. the CP and the SWP has become ap­ NCLC goons. A statement demanding The three SWPers were about two parent, and they are evidently incapa­ action by the city is being circulated blocks from the SWP campaign head­ ble of mobilizing on that scale any for wide endorsemeqt to maximize quarters at 706 Broadway when they longer. But the frustration of the hand­ pressure for immediate and effe~tive were jumped from behind by the ful of fanatical sectarians who remain, action by the police. -thugs, who were armed with leather goaded on without doubt by police The statement reads, in part, "For wrapped sticks, lead pipes, and nun­ agents in their ranks, raises the danger the past several months in New York chakus, karate weapons. The attack of much more deadly attacks, like City, the National Caucus of Labor took place at 7 p-.m., when it was Militant/ Arthur Hughes the one that sent Jesse Smith to the Committees has conducted a system­ still daylight. Jesse Smith suffered badly broken arm hospital. The viciousness of this latest atic campaign of physical disruptions Witnesses reported that the hooligans and required 11 stitches as a result of attack is an ominous sign. of public meetings involving candi­ had followed the SWPers from the di­ beating by NCLC goons. dates for office and individual sup-· rection of the headquarters. One of "The need for a united defense of porters of these candidates. the attackers was identified as Steve the right of all groups to function Getzoff, a longtime member of the without assaults by NCLC gangsters NCLC. 11, Ron Tyson, a staff writer for the is greater than ever before," Oliver "In other cities, physical attacks The thugs identified themselves as CP's Daily World, and a companion stated. have been leveled against meetings NCLC members and yelled, "This is were attacked by NCLC goons near Oliver demanded immediate arrest of labor, civil rights, peace and com­ for Seattle," over and over as they the Center for Marxist Education in of these criminals. "The city has munity organizations.... were beating Smith. The reference was New York. Police arrested two of the known about these attacks since they "The NCLC has taken full respon­ apparently to the SWP's participation attackers, who were identified as Get­ began," he said, "but has refused to sibility for these gangster-like attacks in a meeting in Seattle organized by zoff and George Turner. They were act to put an end to them." in the pages of its newspaper, New . the Black Panther Party to protest released on their own recognizance He also demanded a public report Solidarity, and through letters, tele­ NCLC assaults. Several weeks ago and ordered to appear for trial of any undercover police operations phone calls and leaflets. . . . a letter had been left at SWP cam­ June 26. involving the Labor Committee. "Are "We, the undersigned, demand that paign offices demanding the SWP "re­ These attacks are a continuation of there or are there not police provoc­ the NCLC immediately cease these pudiate" its participation. in the Seattle NCLC assaults begun several months ateurs encouraging these attacks?" violent assaults on the democratic meeting. ago against the SWP, the CP, and Oliver demanded to know. He recalled rights of organizations and political Yesterday, an NCLC phone caller other radical groups. past revelations of New York City candidates to express their views and to the SWP ca~paign committee stated Norman Oli:ver, SWP candidate for undercover police agents participating hold public meetings. . . . the NCLC was responsible for the mayor, issued a statement today de­ in planning of violent acts, such as "We demand immediate action from June 9 attack, and referred again to nouncing the attacks, and pointing the infamous "Statue of Liberty" case. the city administration to force the Seattle. to the urgent need for a united re­ "Even the Watergate 'plumbers' have District Attorney's office and the New Representatives of the Communist sponse from all civil libertarians and drawn from the well of police spies York Police Department to arrest these Party told The Militant that on June the entire radical movement to isolate in the New York police department, hooligans and stop these attacks."

Will N.Y. students have to ~P-rove residency_::z New protests hit ~illegal alien' raids in LA JUNE 13- The massive roundup of fornia Executive Board of Social undocumented workers begun three Services Union Local 535 passed a weeks ago in Los Angeles appears to resolution that sets an example for the have tapered off for the time being. entire labor movement. The union As of June 9, 7,100 people had been resolution declared: arrested in the dragnet raids. "We oppose and call for the defeat A demonstration has been scheduled of the discriminatory Rodino bill for L.A. on June 16 to protest the de­ presently under consideration in the portations and to call for defeat U.S. Congress and ask that the AFL­ of the Rodino-Kennerly bill. This bill, CIO withdraw its support for the bill. which has been passed by the House "The bill, if enacted, will result in and is pending in the Senate, would even worse abuses against workers further victimize undocumented work­ without documents than are now oc­ ers. curring, such as the recent round­ On June 10, a meeting of the Cali- up .... ''We support the June 16 demonstra­ tion called for Los Angeles by CASA - Hermandad General de Trabaja­ dores (General Brotherhood of Work­ ers)." Antideportation demonstration in Los Angeles last year Militant/Harry Ring Olga Rodriguez, Socialist Workers Party candidate for mayor of Los Angeles in the recent election, also councilman urged June 11 that school said, ''We also will not use children released a statement. She urged officials require parents of new pupils to turn in their parents." participation in the June 16 demon­ to furnish proof of legal residency. The same councilman who com­ stration, saying, "I condemn the de­ There are an estimated 400,000 "il­ plained about the cost of educating portation of the thousands of undocu­ legal aliens" in New York. Of these, the children of undocumented workers mented Raza workers in Los Angeles about 65,000 are in the city schools. also called for raising the tuition of and demand that such actions be The proposal to use the schools as foreign students at the City University halted. The exploitation of the so­ police agencies against undocumented of New York from $900 to $2,100 called illegal aliens and the cruel drag­ workers was rejected by the chairman a year. Just as the politicians try to net raids threaten the rights of all Chi­ of the board of education, Murry blame unemployment on the undocu­ Ring canos and all working people." Bergtraum. Although agreeing that mented workers, they also try to RODRIGUEZ: 'Dragnet raids threaten the The government anti-"alien" drive there is a "problem of illegal aliens," blame second rate educational systems rights of all Chicanos and all working has also had repercussions elsewhere Bergtraum opposed the idea of keep­ and inadequate school budgets on the people.' in the country. In New York, one city ing their children out of school, and children of undocumented workers.

THE MILITANT/JUNE 22, 1973 13 ... Behind energy crisis Chi teachers hear Black Continued from page 24 been urged against offshore drilling ment that the firms use to withdraw and strip mining. unionist rap Shanker is uneconomic. I would like to know when the State of Minnesota became Crocodile tears By BOB KISSINGER Shanker's backhanded support to 'uneconomic' to Gulf.... Yet as they None of the senators who have been CHICAGO- The debate in the Chi­ Nixon in the 1972 elections; his sup-· port to the war in Vietnam; and his withdraw Exxon comes in and moves weeping crocodile tears over the cal­ cago Teachers Union that began last in harder with more stations." lousness of the oil monopolies and April, when American Federation of association with Secretary of Labor The effects of these moves by the their effects on consumers are opposed Teachers Vice-president Albert Shan­ Peter Brennan, who as head of the oil monopolies have already begun to to higher prices, tax subsidies for the ker was invited to address a C TU building trades unions in New York be felt. In April retail prices of gaso­ industry, or the removal of environ­ conference, has continued. The orig­ organized construction workers to at- line and motor products rose at an mental restrictions. Many of them inal invitation to Shanker was with­ unadjusted rate of 1.5 percent, an an­ came out specifically in favor of such drawn as a result of the angry reac­ nual increase of 18 percent. If the ma­ measures during the Senate debate. tion from Black community groups, jors are able to strengthen their mo­ The "independents" that these sena­ the Coalition of Black Trade Union­ nopoly of service stations through this tors are trying to protect from the ists, and the Daily Defender, a Black maneuver, this will be only the begin· monopolies are huge companies in community newspaper. ning of gas price increases. their own right, running chains of So many people refused to speak hundreds of service stations. Amera­ on the same platform with Shanker Free enterprise system da Hess, for example, one of these that CTU President Robert Healy was Oil company executives are quite "independents," is number 107 on For­ forced to admit that "we realized that frank about the way they see things. tune's list of the 500 largest U. S. cor­ we could not have an integrated con­ Humphrey quoted one who said: porations. Clark Oil and American ference." "These comp(\nies that you are talk­ Petrofina, others among the "indepen­ Instead, Shanker was invited to ing about are part of the private en­ dents," are also on the Fortune list. speak to a C TU House of Delegates terprise system. We are sellers, and in As Senator Jackson said, "what we meeting. On June 5, Charles Hayes, .a sellers market, and we have no are really trying to do is just make international vice-president of the obligation to the public in any form the system work better." Amalgamated Meat Cutters and But­ of the legal sense." · Along with their solicitude for the cher Workmen and a leader of the The attitude of the oil industry to capitalist system, which is responsible Coalition of Black Trade Unionists, the energy crisis is summed up in the for the energy crisis in the first place, addressed the House of Delegates, re­ headline on an article in the June 4 these politicians hope to get some mile­ plying to Shanker's speech. issue of U.S. News & World Report. age out of their antimonopoly rheto­ Hayes began by pointing out the role of Black trade unionists during "There'll be enough gas and oil if ric. The Senate bill to ensure the inde­ SHANKER & BRENNAN: Both bureau­ the January 1973 Chicago teachers people pay the price." pendent companies of a continuing crats pursue racist policies. To nobody's surprise, Nixon's state­ supply of petroleum products will strike. They were instrumental, he ment on the energy crisis, which was probably be about as effective in said, in building community support sent te Congress April 18, reflected maintaining competition as the 1911 for the strike, in getting groups like tack antiwar demonstrators in May the same view. Nixon assured the Supreme Court decision that ordered Operation PUSH (People United to 1970. American people that "in the years im- the dissolution of the Standard Oil Save Humanity) to support the strike, But the action that has done the and in helping in the organization most to give Shanker his well-earned of alternate schools in the Black com­ reputation as a racist was his spon­ munity. sorship of the New York teachers The unity between the Black com­ strike in 1968. This racist strike was munity and the teachers union, and directed against the right of the Black between Black and white teachers, that community of Ocean Hill-Brownsville was developed during the strike would to control its own schools. It repre­ be destroyed, Hayes warned, if the sents a tradition Shanker has contin­ C TU became identified with Shanker ued with his campaign against the and the policies he stands for. community school board and Luis Among the policies Hayes cited were Fuentes in New York's District 1. Farm Workers office vandalized in Denver By RAUL GONSALES "There was also blood on the floor. DENVER- On May 30 the offices of We suspect some of the narcs cut the United Farm Workers Union in themselves." Denver's East Side barrio were broken Longoria and his lawyer spoke to 'If the majors ore able to strengthen their monopoly of service stations through this into and vandalized. Richard Longo­ the neighbors, who said they had seen maneuver, this will be only the beginning of gas price increases.' ria, Denver coordinator of the UFWU police cars and cops poking around and the lettuce boycott, told The Mil­ ~e office the night before, May 30. mediately ahead, we must face up to trust, and which succeeded in forcing itant what happened. the possibility of occasional energy the Rockefellers to set up a number Boycott activists learned of the raid When Longoria spoke to Denver As­ shortages and some increase in ener­ of separate companies instead of one through the quick thinking of a boy­ sistant District Attorney Yale Huff­ gy prices." big one. cott supporter. Her husband, Dr. Syl­ man, Huffman claimed he had no He proposed to increase the supply There are genuine problems posed van Baer, had been called early on prior knowledge of the raid. He sug­ of· natural gas by removing all fed­ by the increasing need for energy, the the morning of May 31 by a person gested the Teamsters might have put eral controls on natural gas prices relation between the production of en­ identifying himself as a Denver police people up to it. Yet Huffman made from new wells and, after current con­ ergy and the environment, and the officer. The officer told the doctor that a few calls and apparently "found out" tracts have expired, from old ones necessity to develop new forms of en­ the FBI had raided the offices of the that the Metropolitan Enforcement as well. Previously, the oil companies ergy. But the American people can't UFWU and had found drugs that Group (MEG) had carried out the refused to develop new natural gas even begin to tackle these problems had been traced to the doctor's of­ raid. fields because they couldn't sell the without full and accurate information fice. The cop asked if they had been The MEG is a coalition made up gas at enough of a profit. on them. stolen. The doctor said no. of drug divisions of various city, state, Nixon also proposed a series of new A realistic program for dealing with "Someone had given it [the medi­ and federal drug agencies in Denver. tax subsidies to the oil industry. He, these problems must start with the cine] to us for the farm workers in The MEG had denied any knowledge in essence, proposed that the govern­ demand that the corporations open San Luis. They didn't need it, so we of the raid. ment underwrite losses in exploratory their books to the public, so that we left it there in the back room," Lon­ This raid is one of many the UFWU drilling, while leaving the profits, as will know what the actual situation is. goria said. After receiving the call, has been subjected to nationally. always, to the private companies. On. And it must end with the fact that it "I took my attorney and we went to Since the March 17 attack on the top of these gifts to the oil billion­ is the system of capitalist anarchy the office and documented the destruc­ Crusade for Justice by Denver police, aires, Nixon also called for tripling and profit-grubbing that is respon­ tion by pictures and writing." the harassment of the Chicano com­ the annual acreage leased for oil drill­ sible for these problems. The preser­ The vandalism was extensive. munity has been stepped up. The raid ing on the continental shelf by 1979, vation of the environment and the "There were two fireplaces in the house on the UFWU offices is the latest of . and for "the highest national priority" maintenance of a steady supply of . . . they were just ripped out. The these incidents, which include the fol­ being given to expanding coal pro­ power are necessities for everybody paneling around them was ripped lowing of Crusade activists by un­ duction. in society. The decisions about these out." marked police cars, the increased bru­ These last two proposals are clear questions cannot be left in the hands In addition, mirrors were shattered, talization of Chicanos on the street, portents of a new drive against the of the Rockefellers, the Mellons, the banisters on the stairs ripped out, and the suspected &ugging of phones environmental restrictions that have Kennedys, and the Fords. paint spilled, windows punched out. of community activists.

14 : i WILL GE I OTHER UIION SETTLEMENTS PROTECT WORKERS FROM RISING PRICES? By FRANK LOVELL under the aegis of the AFL-CIO Ex­ The unemployment rate for Blacks unions and environmental groups for With the year half gone, wages con­ ecutive Council, and George Meany rose to 9.4 percent, more than twice their support of the boycott. tinue to lose ground against runaway served as advisory chairman. the 4.4 percent for white workers. For These developments have satisfied prices, aad the trade-union bureaucra­ Union negotiators hoped GE would adult women the rate dropped slightly representatives of the employers, who cy blocks ·at every turn new oppor­ grant concessions in the face of gov­ to 4.6 percent. are hauling in greater profits than tunities to mobilize .the union move­ ernment pressure to avoid a round As chances of work shifted from the ever before. Chief GE negotiator John ment to defend the standard of living of strikes this year. A tough company better organized and higher paying Baldwin gloated over the "good, com­ of working people. position provoked a 101-day strike basic industries to the low-wage "ser­ petitive agreement which reflects a bal­ On June 7, the U.S. Department of at GE in 1969-70. vice trades," the number of unem­ ance between employee equity and Labor announced the highest peace-· G E has long considered itself the ployed factory workers went up from business needs." He, like other signa­ time rate of increase in wholesale antiunion leader among major cor­ 4.3 to 4.5 percent. There was a decline tories to the agreement, said nothing prices for a single month since World porations, having successfully kept the in the factory workweek to 40.8 hours, about workers' needs. War II. Farm prices rose 6.1 percent workers in its empire divided and dis­ and a decline in overtime from 4.1 in May, up a staggering 39.4 percent organized. It recognizes 14 sep-arate to 3.9 hours a week. 'Controlled recession' from a year ago. The annual rate unions, and only 60 percent of its These statistics show that more The employing class and the gov­ of increase in farm prices for the past plants in this country are covered by goods are being produced with fewer ernment fear that inflation is out of three months is 43.3 percent and union agreements. Its $3.80 average hand. In the international money showing no sign of leveling off. wage scale is approximately $1 an markets the value of the dollar has At the same time this unprecedented hour below the average in the auto sunk to new lows. On June 7 gold · price jump was announced by the and steel industries. sold for $130 an ounce, three times In the tentative settlement this year, its official price. In order to strengthen it was the union negotiators who capit­ the dollar and stabilize the world ulated in order to avoid a strike, not monetary system, Washington is GE. turning toward policies aimed at in­ ducing a "controlled rect'ssion." Secret negotiations Banks have raised prime interest While negotiations were conducted rates to big business borrowers to secretly- a general rule urged by gov­ 7.5 percent, causing a cutback in con­ ernment mediators and readily accept­ struction starts. The Federal Reserve ed by both company and union repre­ Board raised its official discount rate sentatives- union spokesmen have to 6.5 percent, the highest since 1921. since announced that they sought a The Democrats in Congress are de­ union-shop agreement covering all GE manding another wage-price freeze to plants and an unlimited escalator break this cost-price circuit, stabilize clause gearing wages to rising prices. the currency, control the inflation, and They failed on both counts. Appar­ possibly reestablish a favorable bal­ ently willing to settle for a modest ance of foreign trade and foreign first-year wage increase in exchange payments. The Nixon administration for company concessions on union is under pressure to administer once representation and protection against again the "tight controls" nostrum. rising prices, The union negotiators In this situation, the union bureau­ ended up holding the bag. And the crats are anxious not to do anything, bag had nothing in it but a meager and hardly make any noises, that wage settlement that guarantees a con­ Militant/ Michael Baumann might be interpreted as contributing tinuing decline in the standard of For the 4.4 million unemployed, chances to inflation. They are more worried living of electrical workers. of work have shifted from higher-paying about the balance of foreign trade, Militant/Mark Reynolds Many workers had been watching basic industry to low-wage 'service the value of the dollar, high interest the G E negotiations, hoping that at trades.' rates, and all the other workings of the capitalist system than they are Labor Department, the General Elec­ least a pattern would be set for an about the living standard of the work­ tric Company and two unions- the unlilnited escalator clause in all con­ workers at a time when the economy ers in this country and around the AFL-CIO International Union of Elec­ tracts, a clause better than that won is expanding rapidly. world. trical Workers and the independent by the auto workers in their 1970 Efforts by the government to "control The problems of society today can strike against General Motors. But on inflation" by slowing down the eco­ United Electrical Workers- announc­ be solved by the working class, and ed a tentative wage settlement for more June 7 they got a double dose of bad nomy will lead to further layoffs and only by the working class. But work­ news- soaring prices and anchored increasing misery for the working than 100,000 workers in the electrical ers will never solve anything until wages. class. The prospect of mounting un­ industry. they stop worrying about the prob­ This was preceded by the Labor employment and continuing price rises The wage increase for GE workers lems of the employers and start worry­ Department announcement on June 1 is a built-in feature of the economy. covered by the new three-year con­ ing about their own problems. It's accounted for in the negotiated tracts will reach 88 cents per hour that unemployment remains at 5 per­ This means that all secret negotia­ wage settlements that guarantee profits in November 1975. At present, the cent. The total unemployed in May tions between union bureaucrats and to the employers but offer no protec­ average wage of GE hourly rated was 4,381,000, not counting those company representatives should be tion to the workers. workers is $3.80, so the annual in­ "discouraged" workers who no longer ended. Workers have a right to know This is the central feature of the crease is approximately 7.5 percent. report to the government employment what is being sacrificed at the settlements in the rubber and oil indus­ Under a limited cost-of-living es­ centers in search of nonexistent jobs. bargaining table in the interest of tries, announced just prior to the tenta­ calato):" clause in these contracts the peaceful labor relations and the na­ tive terms negotiated with GE for elec­ workers will receive five cents in No­ tional economy. trical workers. On June 3, Local 5 of vember of this year, 14 cents the fol­ The present rate of inflation requires the United Rubber Workers in Akron, lowing year, and 12 cents in No­ GE WORKERS that every union contract contain a Ohio, voted to end the Goodrich strike vember 1975. These increases are meaningful escalator clause to keep included in the 88-cent three-year DISSATISFIED on the company's terms. The contract wages up with rising prices. All un- By HERMAN KIRSCH calls for an increase totaling 82.8 cents package. Continued on page 22 Union negotiations with GE were CLEVELAND-Many electrical over three years, with no escalator closely supervised by the Nixon ad­ workers here are dissatisfied with clause to adjust wages to rising prices. the GE settlement. John Pelka, a URW International President Peter ministration from the beginning of this Percent change, newly elected union steward in a from year. The employing class and the Bommarito called it "a tremendous previous montlt • Fann Products; union movement regarded them as GE plant, expressed his contempt: settlement." p rocessed Foods "We have been sold down the river I I I I I _I I _I ndfeeds a possible pattern for the current Manufacturers imposed a price in­ f-The Wholesale IJ 150 I round of wage settlements in other again," he said. Another worker, crease of 5.5 percent on car and truck Price Index IJ~ 145 industries such as oil, rubber, Tom Bagsarian, commented cyn­ tires June 11. They attributed it to f-1967-100 'I ically, "It's twice as much as I trucking, and auto, affecting some five "rising costs." ALL COMMODITIES million workers. expected from this lousy union." In the oil industry a general agree­ If ilt Strong government pressure is ex­ Without an unlimited cost-of­ ment was reached on June 1, and ~ erted to hold annual wage increases living escalator, these workers' strikers at Shell refineries in the states ~ real wages will drop each year " Industrial within the 5.5 percent Phase 2 guide­ of Washington, California, and Lou­ v ~~~ Commodities of the three-year agreement be­ 1;11 isiana began returning to work. They I I ~..oillll lines despite the rapid price rise under ~~ Lo.~ ·Phase 3 of the New Economic Policy. cause of rising prices. Before got a 30-cent-an-hour raise this year 120 entering negotiations, the IUE jllll The GE negotiations were an ac­ and 27 cents for next year, averaging •115 curate reflection of the general attitude pointed out that in 1972 GE made about 5.5. percent. President A. F. .'"' 110 $29,000 in profit on each em­ MAMJJ ASONDJ FMAM Stxhce:Bureauof of the union officialdom because bar­ Grospiron of the Oil, Chemical and ·- Ubar Slllislics 1------1972~ '--1973--' gaining was conducted by a Coordi­ ployee. Union members are com­ Atomic Workers International Union nated Bargaining Committee repre­ paring this exhorbitant figure to said a compromise health and safety senting 14 unions in the electrical in­ their average annual wage of clause was negotiated and the boycott Rise in wholesale prices in May was dustry. The co10mittee was formed $8,300. of Shell products was off. He thanked largest for single month since WW II.

THE MILITANT/ JUNE 22, 1973 15 Want inde~endent union Crystal City Del Monte workers Baltimore to vote on union representation dockers A petition for· the decertification of the most all Chicano, work there. During International Brotherhood of Team­ the height of the season, the work force refuse sters as bargaining agent for Chicano expands and includes people brought workers at the Del Monte plant in in from Mexico. Rhodesian Crystal City, Texas, was filed June 4. The Teamsters local was organized The move for an election was made at Del Monte in the late 1950s as part by Obreros Unidos Independientes, a of a catch-all local based in San An­ chrome union that has the support of almost tonio. The Del Monte workers were By OMARI MUSA all the workers at the plant and is simply incorporated into the San An­ WASHINGTON, D. C., June 9- Sup­ seeking recognition as their legal bar­ tonio local. They had no elected offi­ porters of the African Liberation Sup­ gaining agent. cers and functioned under a business port Committee (ALSC) in Washing­ According to Paul Rich, attorney agent · appointed by officials in San ton and Baltimore held a militant for Obreros Unidos, similar elections Antonio. will be sought in Del Monte plants Initially, organization by the Team­ picket line today at the Canton Rail­ in other areas, including California. sters brought some improvement for road Ore Pier in Baltimore to pro­ The Del Monte plant is the biggest the Del Monte workers. But afterward, test the arrival of a shipment of Rho­ single employer in Crystal City. apart from the collection of their dues, desian chrome. Throughout the year several hundred they were largely ignored by the union The American Committee on Africa men and women from the area, al- brass. Grievances were not processed had informed Representative Parren and the workers had to fend for them­ Mitchell (D-Md.) and the Washington selves in dealing with the racist, profit­ and Baltimore ALSC chapters of the hungry corporation. ·- arrival of the African Meteor. The A number of years ago, the workers Militant/Howard Petrick ship carried a thousand-ton cargo tried to get organized as a separate Crystal City, Texas, Del Monte plant from the racist white settler-state. local, with their own elected officials. Members of the International Long­ Their San Antonio-appointed busi­ them how to properly petition for such shoremen's Association ( ILA) refused ness agent, who supported the idea, an election, and then, after the papers to continue unloading the chrome/ was fired, and a more compliant re­ were in, told them it was too late. when they found out where it had placement was appointed. The Teamster officials from San An­ come from. One Black longshoreman After La Raza Unida Party won tonio agreed on a new contract with told this reporter that they wouldn't control of the municipal administra­ Del Monte-needless to say, without have come to work at all had they tion in Crystal City, the Del Monte consulting the workers. known in advance that the Rhodesian workers, active supporters of the par­ Then the workers were assembled chrome was the cargo. ty, turned to it for assistance. and asked to vote their approval. Another brother added that this was A delegation was sent first to the Stormy dissent reached the point of the least they could do for their "broth­ Teamsters regional office in Dallas, fury when the workers realized they ers on the continent to show support." and then to Washington. They got no had been locked in the plant. He went on to add that they would satisfaction in either place. The anger was such that the doors not unload the ship once the dem-/ They then decided to affiliate to the were opened and a brief walkout oc­ onstration had left. He said, "the com­ AFL-CIO, but they couldn't find an curred. Although 250 workers official­ pany will have to move the ship some­ AFL-CIO union that was interested ly resigned from the Teamsters and where else" and urged the demonstra­ in having them. only about ten remained members, tors to contact other ILA locals to It was then that the workers decided the new contract was signed. make sure it wasn't unloaded at all. to form their own Chicano union, Ob­ ·That contract expires this coming This marks the second time Balti­ reros Unidos. September, and it is expected that the more longshoremen have refused to - ·. 'r2~;~;~ When the Teamster contract expired election will be held in October. The unload Rhodesian chrome since the Joel Britton in 1970, Obreros Unidos filed a peti­ ballot choice will include Obreros Uni­ United Nations imposed sanctions La Raza Unida Party in Crystal City helps tion with the National Labor Rela­ dos, the Teamsters, or no union. In against trade with Rhodesia. Chicanos fight for Obreros Unidos, an tions Board for a decertification elec­ an honest election, the victory of Ob­ Bill Booth, a New York city judge independent union. tion. The NLRB first explained to reros Unidos is assured. and president of the American Com­ mittee on Africa, said the action was an important victory. He pointed out that the only countries buying chrome from Rhodesia are the U. S. and Por­ tugal. R.G. Sloan Co. out to break Calif. Donald Isaacs, chairman of the Washington ALSC, said the demon­ stration was important because it al­ local of United Rubber Workers lowed the ALSC to link up with Black By MIGUEL PENDAS was collected. matum offering an 11 cent hourly workers. Further collaboration be­ SUN VALLEY, Calif.-Support ac­ These and other donations have en­ raise. They also want to do away tween the Baltimore - Washington tivities are continuing here on behalf abled strike supporters to publish a with seniority and most overtime and ALSCs and the longshoremen is now of striking rubber workers. Since run of 20,000 copies of the first edi­ make the plant an open shop. An being planned. March 12 about 750 members of tion of a strike newspaper, which has open shop, of course, is tantamount United Rubber Workers Local 621, been sorely needed. It explains the to destroying the union. most of them Chicanos and Latinos, issues in the strike and is written most­ In addition to this, the company have been on strike against R. G. ly in Spanish. wants to imP.lement a schedule known Sloan Company, a plastic pipe-fittings The Militant went to the Local 621 as "continuous operation" with work­ plant. headquarters and spoke to some of ers having three 12-hour shifts and A June 8 showing of Sal Si Puedes, the strikers to get a more detailed pic­ one six-hour shift a week. But at the a film about the United Farm Work­ ture of what is at issue in the strike. same time they propose to do away ers Union organizing in Arizona, One of those we spoke to is Victor with overtime for anything but the helped to raise funds, which were di­ Velez, 60, past president of the union, two hours a week worked over 40 vided evenly between the UFW and who works as a tool crib operator. hours. They would eliminate overtime the Rubber Workers. Representatives He has been at R. G. Sloan Company for working more than eight hours for 13 years. from the Farm Workers and the Rub­ a day and bonuses for night shifts. He told us that the workers want ber Workers strike committee ad­ Before, the workers were accustomed a three-year contract with raises of dressed the meeting at Santa Rosa to working a certain amount of vol­ about 25 cents each year and for the Catholic Church. untary overtime to supplement their work schedule and other basic con­ Most of the strike support activities income. Losing this would be a big have been organized by the San Fer­ tract terms to remain the same. economic blow to them. On the aver­ nando Valley chapter of the Raza Uni­ Under the old contract, which ex­ age they would lose $42 a week un­ da Party. The strikers turned to the pired March 5, the work schedule is der the company's new plan. Starting Chicano party for help after failing to a five-day, 40-hour week with any pay is $2 an hour, the average pay receive assistance from their interna­ overtime being voluntary. Saturdays is about $3.50 an hour. tional union. were paid at time-and-a-half; Sundays, One of the workers in the union hall Supporters arranged for the strikers double-time; holidays, triple-time. was reading out loud for all to hear to address Chicano studies and other Anything over eight hours a day or an article about the strike in the May classes at California State University 40 hours a week was considered over­ 23 Wall Street Journal. The paper Militant/Dave Wulp at Northridge, where donations time. There were bonuses paid for quotes a company spokesman as fol­ amounting to $145 were solicited in working swing or graveyard shifts. lows: "If the strikers don't accept the one day. Strikers also attended a con­ There was a seniority system and company's last and final offer, the vention of the California Teachers As­ the plant was a union shop. company will implement its offer uni- sociation, where $180 in contributions But the company has made an ulti- Continued on page 22

16 Delav. in· grage harvest helgs Calif. strikers Farm workers ·wait for showdown By HARRY RING ending up with a very bad situation." COACHELLA, Calif., June 11-With Milt Karahadian, biggest of the scab freakishly "cool" weather continuing growers and chairman of the Grape in this desert area, the showdown be­ Growers League, asserted that if a tween the striking members of the labor shortage does develop it will United Farm Workers Union and a be because of a delayed harvest and grower-Teamster alliance remains in because workers have moved on. the offing. "And," he added, "I'll also acknowl­ Grapes mature here most rapidly edge that he ( UFWU leader Cesar when the temperature ranges between Chavez) may have scared off some 100 and 110 degrees. This spring of the workers." most days have been in the 90s, re­ Karahadian said that he had sulting in a record delay in harvest­ enough workers for the present stage ing. of the harvest. But, he admitted, "I As of today, 27,655 boxes of grapes don't know what things will be like have been harvested. By the same next week." date last year there were 1,719,017 In addition, the growers may have boxes, more than half the total har­ problems with the quality of the vest. grapes they will be shipping out. Dur­ ing the preharvest period of thinning the vines, the union was able to draw out more than 500 workers, including the most experienced. They then made regular appeals to those still working to slow down. The growers admitted the slowdown had an effect. Now, two families of workers who walked out of the fields at different ranches June 11 to join the strike confirmed that as a result of improper thinning the quality of the grapes they Farm workers and supporters picket Coachella grape field had been picking was inferior. As the harvest approaches, growers Kennedy bill and other deportation ers. We want to be organizing workers are banking on labor contractors to legislation. The present call by Cha­ in the tomato fields of Ohio, vege­ be able to bring in enough strike­ vez to have the Immigration Service tables in New Jersey, citrus in Florida. breakers from Mexico to get the crop "enforce the law" represents a retreat This thing with the Teamsters doesn't out. from that position. help us at all. It just delays our or­ Among those being brought in are Meanwhile, there are reports that ganizing timetables." "green cards," that is, those with U.S. the top AFL-CIO leadership is ne­ Bank recalled that after negotiations work permits, and undocumented gotiating with the Teamsters for a with Meany, the Teamsters had agreed workers, the so-called illegal aliens. settlement of the dispute. to give up their similar raiding op­ The union 'had sought to stem 'the The Teamsters bureaucracy has erations in the lettuce fields. An agree­ flow of such strikebreakers by edu­ joined with the growers in their ef­ ment was signed and the farm workers cational activity in the border areas forts to break the UFWU. When the called off their lettuce boycott. Then from where most Mexican workers are Farm Workers contract e~pired this the Teamsters, in collusion with the recruited. past April, the growers refused to re­ growers, reneged on the agreement Now the union leadership seems to new and instead signed back door and the boycott of lettuce had to be be making the error of relying on sweetheart contracts with the -Team­ resumed. the federal government to deal with sters. The strikers are demanding can­ The union doesn't want that kind the problem of strikebreakers by keep­ cellation of those phony agreements of "settlement" in the grape fields, Bank ing out "illegal aliens." and renewal of the contracts with the said. Bank, like Chavez, stressed the UFWU. crucial importance of developing the On June 9 it was reported that a power of the boycott as the key to secret meeting had been held between victory in the strike. He said the union AFL-CIO President George Meany had called upon the Safeway chain and Teamsters union head Frank Fitzsimmons. COACHELLA, Calif.- These are The next day an AFL-CIO "fact find­ COACHELLA, Calif.- The UFWU the facts to remember in helping ing" team arrived here for meetings is now paying record strike bene­ to promote the grap.e and lettuce with the Farm Workers leadership. fits of $90 a week. Originally, boycott: The AFL-CIO team included Joseph the small, financially strapped Riverside County sheriff deputy. Cops There are now only two grape Keenan, an AF L-C IO vice-president; union was able to pay only up to harass UFWU pickets. growers that have contracts with Paul Hall, head of the Seafarers' In­ the United Farm Workers Union. ternational Union; and AFL-CIO $35 a week per family. Then, with The test should come within the next Boxes of grapes from these com­ counsel AI Woll. a $1.6-million contribution from week, when it is expected that the full panies bear the union label of the Hall brought with him a dozen SID the AFL-CIO and a pledge of fur­ yield of grapes will be ready for har­ UFWU, which is easily recognized staffers who he said would be used ther contributions on a similar vest and some 5,000 workers will be by the black Aztec eagle. to help protect strikers from assaults scale, it was increased to $75 per The brand name labels of the needed to pick them quickly. If the by the goons hired by the Teamsters individual striker. On June J J it grapes are not harvested within days two growers under union contract to ride herd on strikebreakers. after they mature they wither on the are: In an interview, UFWU Director of was increased to $90. vine and are lost. "Lionel," "Travertine," "Desert Information John Bank said the union However, contributions of food More than 700 workers have joined Diamond," and "Primo." welcomed any effort to achieve a settle­ and money are still needed. Con­ the strike of the United Farm Workers, The lettuce boycott is focused on ment with the Teamsters so long as tributions should be sent to: iceberg lettuce, the principal kind and it is hoped many more will swell it did not trample on the right of UFWU Strike Headquarters, their ranks as the peak of harvest grown in California and Arizona. farm workers to join a union of their Other types of lettuce, such as ro­ J0 J4 Building JJ, 6th and High­ activity approaches. choice. way 86, Coachella, Calif. 92236. Many other migrant workers have maine, are not considered scab He said the UFWU favored a se­ left the area for work in the citrus products. cret ballot of the workers involved fields, others are passing up the grape ' ~ to have them affirm which union they to follow up on its advertised dec­ area because they have gotten word wanted. He said there was no ques­ laration in favor of a farm workers of the strike. Many of the local work­ At one period the UFWU leadership tion they would choose the UFWU election by discontinuing the sale of ers who normally turn out for the had supported legislative moves to and that the Teamsters would have scab grapes and lettuce until such an harvest are staying away from a curb the entry of undocumented work­ to withdraw. election was held. strikebreaking role. ers. This was out of step with the On such a basis, Bank said, efforts Meanwhile the boycott of Safeway Floyd Marlowe of Ca.Iitornia's leading forces of the Chicano move­ to resolve the issue were to be wel­ and A& P, the principal purchasers - Farm Labor Service told one area ment, which have opposed govern­ comed. of scab grapes and lettuce, continues. newspaper, "If the picking season ment victimization of undocumented "We want to organize field workers," Banks said other supermarket chains doesn't start soon there's going to workers. he said, "and it's not in our interest are being called on to declare they be a serious situation, strike or no Recently, the UFWU took the wel­ to be fighting the Teamsters. We'd will not handle scab grapes and let­ strike. The workers will he moving come step of joining with the rest of rather be getting on to the lettuce tuce until the workers are permitted on to other jobs. . . . We may be the movement in opposing the Rodino- workers, the citrus workers, and oth- to register their choice.

THE MILITANT/JUNE 22, 1973 .J7 BuckleY., Dalev., Hatfield,join forces Child ~re New attacks on right to abortion ca~pa•gn By LINDA JENNESS . eral courts continue to comply with Richard Daley sat in the reviewing set In S.F. JUNE 9- Reactionary forces contmue the Supreme Court ruling. The re- stand as five anti-abortion floats their efforts to attack women's right strictive abortion law in Montana, for passed by. The floats were decorated SAN FRANCISCO, June 6-A news conference held today announced the to abortion. example, was recently ruled unconsti- with flowers, babies, priests, and huge On May 31, Senator James Buckley tutional, leaving the state with no pro- photos of fetuses. The illinois Right- launching of a campaign to put the (Conservative- Republican- N. Y. ), in- hibitions against abortions. To-Life Marching Band, in brand new issue of child care on the San Fran- troduced a proposal for an anti-abor- The Rhode Island law, which flatly uniforms, led the floats. cisco ballot this November. The cam­ tion constitutional amendment. If banned any abortions, has also been The illinois Department of Health paign was announced by Child and passed in Congress and ratified by ruled unconstitutional. Even though has arbitrarily placed its own restric- Parent Action (CAPA), a coalition of 38 states, the amendment would over- the state legislature in Arizona is ve- tions on abortion. A woman in ll­ parents, trade unionists, teachers, turn the recent Supreme Court deci- hemently opposed to the Supreme linois must undergo a 48-hour waiting community groups, and others. sion on abortion and make abortions Court ruling, the Arizona state board period, and any doctor who performs Present at the news conference were illegal again, except to save the life of regents has been forced to allow an abortion from which complications Tony Lopes, executive director of the of the woman. abortions at the University of Arizona arise will have her or his license re- San Francisco Classroom Teachers The Buckley bill is cosponsored by Hospital in Tucson. voked. In addition, several anti-abor- Association; Gil Brigham, an aide to six other senators, including Mark Despite these developments, anti- tion bills are before the illinois state California State Assemblyman Willie Hatfield (R-Ore. ). Senator Hatfield is abortion groups are continuing their legislature, including one that would Brown; Susan Gentry, a member of considered a "liberal" on most other campaign ag-ainst the Supreme Court require consent of parents or hus- the National Organization for Women issue,s. decision. bands for all abortions past the first (NOW) and the California Nurses As- Buckley's bill attempts to extend the In Portland, a so-called right-to-life three months. sociation; Iris Daigre, a concerned legal term of "person" to fetuses, re- demonstration on May 26, which the On May 20, about 300 people par­ parent; and Carole Seligman, repre­ gardless of their stage of development. organizers had predicted would draw ticipated in a "March for Life" called sentative of CAPA. This is in clear contradiction to the 10,000 people, drew a maximum of by the Massachusetts Citizens for Life, The coalition is seeking to place Supreme Court decision, which spe- 400. The demonstrators included 20 an anti-abortion group in Boston. The an initiative on the San Francisco cifically states that the term "person" people on horseback who told report- demonstration was called in support ballot that states: "It shall be the policy does not include the unborn. ers, "We don't necessarily agree with of reactionary anti-abortion legisla- of the people of the City and County The day before the Buckley bill was these people, but we were hired to tion being debated in the Massachu- of San Francisco that low cost, qual­ introduced, more than a dozen worn- come here." setts state legislature. On very short ity child care be made available to en's, abortion rights, and civil liber- notice the Boston Women's Abortion all San Francisco children. Child care ties groups held a news conference ' In response to the demonstration, Action Coalition organized a picket shall include infant care, pre-school in Washington, D. C., to protest a rider the Portland Women's Abortion Ac- line of 50 women to protest the right­ and after school programs. Policy to the Health Services bill. This rider, tion Coalition sponsored an abortion wing demonstration. shall be made by the parents and fac­ now passed by both the House and rights rally at Portland State Univer- On May 18, a three-judge federal ulties at each center. Funding shall the Senate, would permit any hospital, sity on June 1. panel invalidated Missouri's 137-year- be procured by the City and County even if federally funded, to refuse to The anti-abortion forces in illinois old abortion law, and the following of San Francisco." perform abortions. have also been visible. In the St. Pat- week the first abortion clinic opened In order to place the initiative on In the meantime, the state and fed- rick's Day parade, Chicago Mayor in St. Louis. the ballot, the coalition must collect The mayor of St. Louis, John Poel­ 12,600 signatures of registered voters ker, called a news conference to an­ by Aug. 6. nounce he would do everything in Asked by reporters where the funds his power to block abortions in St. to maintain child care centers would Louis. The St. Louis Women's Abor­ come from, CAPA representatives tion Action Coalition responded with · pointed out that the federal govern­ a picket line at the mayor's office ment should stop wasting tax money demanding that he implement the Su­ on war and should instead spend it preme Court decision and instruct the on the needs of working people. city hospitals to open abortion facil­ The child-care issue is an explosive ities immediately. one in San Francisco. Because of fed­ On the same day, more than 200 eral cutbacks in child-care funds and joined a "right-to-life" picket line in new guidelines for eligibility in child­ front of the new St. Louis abortion care centers, many programs in San clinic. Francisco and elsewhere are fighting Both Missouri and illinois have for their very existence. Most threat­ joined the 11 state legislatures that ened by the cutbacks are working par­ Militant/Barbara Mutnick have passed bills similar to the Buck­ ents. Without these centers many will St.louis Women's Abortion Action Coalition picketed mayor's office ley amendment. be forced to give up their jobs and go on welfare. CAPA organizers see the initiative campaign as a way to organize child­ care supporters in a public way that the politicians cannot ignore. S.F. trial: sailor not guilty of sabotage Support for the campaign has al­ By LAURADERTZ faces up to 30 years in prison. Amendment. Bailey was Chenoweth's ready come from the Coalition for SAN FRANCISCO, June 12 -After This is the first time since World War roommate and best friend. Effective Schools; the San Francisco four hours of deliberation, a court­ II that a serviceman has been tried When Bailey sat. mute in the witness Federation of Teachers; San Fran­ martial board of three enlisted men for military sabotage "in a time of stand, his lawyer rose from a group cisco NOW; Dr. Lee Dolson, member and two officers acquitted Navy Fire­ war." Chenoweth's attorney, Eric Seitz, of Chenoweth's supporters and said of the board of education; the San man Patrick Chenoweth today on the sought unsuccessfully to invalidate the Bailey had been "threatened and co­ Francisco Classroom Teachers Asso­ charge of sabotage "in a time of war." charges since the war in Vietnam has erced" in an effort to get him to tes­ ciation; Children's Council; and San As the verdict was returned, the never been officially declared. How­ tify. The lawyer demanded a separate Francisco National Women's Political courtroom broke out in clapping and ever, Captain James Keys, the orig­ hearing on this matter. Caucus. cheers. Chenoweth stepped outside and inal judge in the case, ruled that it was After being granted immunity, Bai­ CAPA has established an office at read a statement. "Today," he said, a "de facto" war. ley did testify. He contradicted earlier Trinity Methodist Church at 16th and "I feel we have won a great victory Protest from Chenoweth's supporters reports of an alleged "confession" by Market streets in San Francisco. Vol­ against the most dehumanizing ma­ prevented the Navy from transferring Chenoweth to other crew members, unteers are needed to help gather sig- chine in the world." his trial to the Philippines. The sail­ saying he was unsure exactly what natures. Chenoweth, who spent 10 and one­ or's defense committee pointed out that day Chenoweth made this "confession." half months in the Treasure Island the threatened transfer was designed Bailey also said he had been threat­ brig because he had been refused bail, to isolate Chenoweth from his sup­ ened with imprisonment in the brig announced that he would seek an im­ porters. The trial is being held here if he failed to tell the "truth." mediate honorable discharge from the at Treasure Island Naval Station. Many Ranger crew members took Navy. His tour of duty still has 13 The prosecution claims Chenoweth credit for the sabotage, Bailey said. "I months to run. committed the sabotage because he seen lots of people say 'I done it,'" had a 'negative attitude about the he testified. SAN FRANCISCO, June 11- The Navy." The defense has argued that Machinist's Mate James Miller, the prosecution has rested its case in the Chenoweth is being victimized in an maintenance supervisor for the sabo­ court-martial trial of antiwar Navy effort by the Navy brass to halt a taged machinery, said it was possible Fireman Patrick Chenoweth. wave of sabotage incidents by sailors. for many other crew members to have Chenoweth, 21, is accused of sabo­ Seitz noted, for example, that the July entered the reduction gear area with­ taging the aircraft carrier Ranger by 1 sabotage was only one of two dozen out being detected. When Navy inves­ dropping a paint scraper and two attacks on Navy equipment from June tigators initially asked him who might 12-inch bolts into the ship's reduction 7 to October 16. have committed the sabotage, he gave gears on July 1, 1972. The sabotage The witnesses thus far have exposed them two or three names, none of caused $986,330 damage and dis~ the contradictions in the prosecution's which were Chenoweth. abled the carrier, which was being case. On June 6, the key prosecution The defense should rest its case Militant/Howard Petrick readied for return to Vietnam, for witness, Fireman Ross Bailey, refused· soon, with a verdict coming out short­ San Francisco, March 2. Parents and three months. If convicted, Chenoweth at first to testify, taking the Fifth ly thereafter. children protest Nixon child-care cutbacks.

18 EvelY-n Reed in JaDan,Australia, New zealand= 'Sisterhood is international· By LINDA JENNESS law a woman is granted the right good start," Reed reports. "A lot of ment is a diversionary proposition Evelyn Reed, a leader of the Socialist to legal abortion if it is ascertained working people, particularly. in Vic­ that has as its aim the liquidation Workers Party and author of Prob­ that her fetus would be born defective. toria Province in Australia, are Cath­ of the feminist movement. But it is· lems of Women's Liberation, talked After the U. S. A-bombing of Hiro­ olic and have been frightened and impossible today to liquidate the with me about her recent tour of New shima and Nagasaki, this law ac­ terrorized by the Catholic Church struggle for women's equality. A Zealand, Australia, and Japan. Dur­ quired an acute meaning in Japan. about abortion. So I got a lot of strong feminist movement today will ing her six weeks abroad in April This law also includes an "economic questions about the 'ethics' of abor­ help to create a stronger workers and May, Reed delivered 41 formal clause" under which a woman who tions. movement in which both sexes will lectures on "Feminism in the U. S. To­ pleads economic hardships and can­ "WONAAC, (The Women's National fight together against their capitalist day" and "Is Biology Women's Des­ not afford to have a child is granted Abortion Action Coalition), incidental­ oppressors." tiny?" Many of her meetings drew au­ a legal abortion. ly, is very well known by feminists Evelyn Reed spoke as a feminist, diences in the hundreds. For instance, The law, however, requires that a in other countries, including Japan. a Marxist, and an anthropologist, and in Osaka, Japan, 500 people came woman's husband must co-sign her They, too, want to build a fighting· her press interviews covered a wide to hear her lecture. And at Melbourne appeal for abortion. If she does not instrument that can help them win variety of topics. On one call-in radio University in Australia more than 600 have 'a husband she must "invent" one: repeal." show, lasting two hours, the discus­ people crowded into a lecture hall. have a male friend sign as her hus- Child-care centers, the Equal Rights sion centered on the difference between While on tour Reed also gave many Stalinism and Trotskyism. press interviews and appeared on doz­ In another Reed was asked several ens of radio and TV shows. In al­ questions about. radicals using "force :.:nost every city, beginning with Syd­ and violence." "I told them that if they ney, Australia, she was met by all wanted to talk about force and vio­ the major media at the airport, or lence they should interview the White was interviewed later. House and the Pentagon, where vio­ ASAHI, the Japanese equivalent of lence is perpetrated on a genocidal the New York Times, gave a news scale. The aim of socialist revolution­ report of her arrival and kickoff meet­ aries is to abolish a system founded ing on May 12 in Tokyo as well upon imperialist aggrandizement and as an extensive feature article for the its ruthless slaughter of working peo­ women's page. ple." "The first point I want to make," Reed· told me, "is that the similarities Intimidation is universal are far greater than any differences _ "One thing that my tour brought among women liberatimiists of diverse home to me," Reed continued, "was nations. They ask the same ques­ that the numerous forms of intimida­ tions, display the same intense inter­ tion of women that we are familiar est, share the same types of reserva­ with exist on every continent. One way tions, and grasp the same solutions that women are intimidated is by tell­ once these are presented. ing them that if they become feminists "In other words," she said, "national they will lose their 'feminity.' Young boundaries dissolve under the impact women won't get dates; they will be of women's common needs and uni­ isolated and treated as outc.asts. An­ versal oppression. This · is true not 400 packed meeting hall in Tokyo on May 12 to hear Evelyn Reed's Marxist view of other form of intimidation is to t~ll only of Western countries like New women's liberation. women that if they have an abortion Zealand and Australia, but also of they will feel guilty for the rest of Japan. For a long time we have been band. This, it is felt, is humiliating Amendment, and women's studies their lives. Questions on this subject told by the imperialists that the 'gulf and discriminatory against unwed courses were also topics of much de­ of intimidation were frequent and stim­ between East and West is unbridge­ women. bate and discussion. "The idea of ulated a lot of discussion." able. The truth is that national boun­ Whatever its inadequacies, however, women's history courses electrified the Reed reported that the differences daries are bridgeable by women fight­ the abortion law is under attack. The women in my audiences," Reed said. in the development of the feminist ing for their liberation. We can talk day after Reed arrived in Japan she "They would want to know what kind movement in the U. S. and Oceania to each other and learn from each read in the Japan Times about a bill of classes we have in the U.S., who are simply one of degree, resulting other. that was introduced to drop the "eco­ teaches them, etc." from uneven development. "So that when I opened my speech nomics clause." If this reactionary pro­ "The movement began in North by saying ., Sisterhood is Internation­ posal is successful, poverty will no 'Peoples' Movement? America, and in that sense American al,' it wasn't 'merely a phrase, but longer be a reason for a woman to In some audiences the point would women are ahead. They arose earlier, the reality. Sisterhood is, indeed, the have an abortion. At present some be raised, usually by a man, as to made certain gains, and provided the common identity of women struggling three million women annually avail the need for a separate women's move­ 'shock troops' of the struggle. The for their liberation." themselves of this clause, according ment. They felt that instead a "peo­ women of countries and continents that to the Japan Times. ple's~' or ''human" movement should moved into action later do not nec­ Abortion rights a key issue It is not surprising that Japanese be built. "I would tell them," Reed essarily have to pass through all the Reed reports that the struggle for women were most interested in how explains, "that under capitalism the experiences we have had. They can abortion rights is the most prominent U. S. women won the Supreme Court term 'people' usually means men, with make leaps through the process of women's fight in all the countries she decision legalizing abortion. women tagging along vaguely in the (;0tnbined development and surpass visited:'Abortion is illegal in both New In both New Zealand and Australia mist behind them. the American women in achieving Zealand and Australia, and the abor­ groups have formed to fight for the "It's true that all working people are some of their demands. We, in turn, tion law in Japan is under attack right to abortion. In response to this oppressed under capitalism, but so would then work to catch up with by reactionary forces. militancy, the Catholic Church hier­ are women as a sex, and working them. All of this is the outcome of "The Eugenics Protective Law"- the archy has launched a reactionary women are doubly oppressed. Women a movement that has passed beyond name of the abortion law of Japan­ counteroffensive. "They want to stamp have arisen in response to their op­ national boundaries and has become has existed since the '30s. Under the out the movement before it gets a pression. To call for a 'peoples' move- a dynamic international struggle." Reed tour makes headlines Evelyn Reed's tour caused quite a waxes hot on right-to-lifers." The ar­ vertiser in Adelaide, Australia. It stir. One indication is the widespread ticle says that "Evelyn .... exudes a states that "Miss Reed, who says she's coverage of her tour by the press. certain dynamism, dedication, and a feminist because she believes in fe­ The Press in Christchurch, New Zea­ drive." male equality, an anthropologist be­ land, ran a feature article headlined An article called "A Strong Reed cause she has an inquisitive mind, and ''Women Will Not Go Back." Referring in Lib. Waters" appeared in The Age a Marxist for 30 years because she to Reed as "an internationally known in Melbourne, Australia. "At 60, Miss wants a humane society . . . isn't a spokeswoman for women's liberation" Evelyn Reed is a pretty formidable man hater." and "a much-translated author," they women's liberationist ... She flew in­ The Evening Star of Dunedin, New report that she "sees part of her role to Melbourne on a lecture tour 'to Zealand, writes, "'I want to make as something of a 'stirrer.' 'I go along get rid of some of the myths and women proud to be women. Social rather bold and brassy and give them mysteries propagated about women.'" forces have oppressed and forced them [women) confidence.'" to become the second sex.' These were The Dominion of Wellington, New "Libbers 'Granny' Gives Advice" is the battling words of Evelyn REED: 'an internationally known spokes­ Zealand, titled their article, "Evelyn an article that appeared in The Ad- Reed ...." woman for women's liberation.'

THE MILITANT/JUNE 22, 1973 19 In Review SIHANOUK'S SHAKY BALANCING ACT My War With the CIA by Prince The premier of that same govern­ Norodom Sihanouk as related to ment was none other than Lon Nol. Wilfred Burchett. Pantheon Books. Just what was envisioned under the term "national salvation" is indicated New York, 1973. 273 pp. $7.95. when Sihanouk describes his attitude only one week before the coup: Norodom Sihanouk's memoirs are "At the time I was thinking exclu­ obviously intended to be much more sively in terms of Sirik Matak, the than a mere blow-by-blow account of deputy Prime Minister and his group the series of plots that eventually led to of rightists. I still had complete con­ the coup d'etat of March 18, 1970. fidence in Lon Nol, and thought that As Wilfred Burchett puts it in his fore­ he would use the army to deal with word, Sihanouk sees the book "as a any attempt at an overthrow. I knew weapon in the struggle to regain his that Sirik Matak had been in close own country's independence, and as touch with the US embassy from the a warning to other countries marked time diplomatic relations had been re­ established in June 1969.... " Walking a tightrope above the armed conflict between imperialism Books and the Indochinese revolution, Siha­ nouk put Sirik Matak on the right side down as future victims." of his balance pole, and Lon N ol The weapon, unfortunately, is a on the left. Putting the masses in Lon rather blunt one. To judge from his N ol's place would have unbalanced memoirs, Sihanouk believes that U. S. and toppled him just as surely as did imperialism's plans for Cambodia will the general's abrupt leap to the other be defeated by restoring the pre-1970 status quo- that is, the same situa­ side. tion that led to the March 18 coup. There is one other aspect of Siha­ nouk's attempted tightrope act that de­ Sihanouk has been a partisan of serves attention. This is the unswerv­ "neutralism" since the time when ing backing (with a brief exception Nehru, Nasser, Tito, Mao, and others during the Cultural Revolution) given tried to organize the underdeveloped by the Chinese government to his neu­ countries- into a bloc that would main­ tralist illusions. He writes of Mao Tse­ tain I! position independent of both tung: SIHANOUK: still hopes to walk tightrope sides in the international class strug­ "At our first meeting [in 1956], Anti-Sihanouk demonstration in Phnom between imperialism and Indochinese gle. Sihanouk was one of the stars of Chairman Mao set forth the broad Penh, March 1970, just before 'neutral­ revolution. the 1955 Bandung Conference, and lines of China's policy, the importance ist' prince was overthrown. even today, when his supporters are attached to countries being really in­ fighting arms in hand against u. s. ing from assassination attempts to the dependent and not falling under the at a distance. imperialism, he continues to insist that financing and training of the Khmer domination of others, . . . Mao "Our internal policy will be socialist victory will mean a neutral Cam­ Serei guerrillas to invasions of Cam­ agreed that neutrality was the best and progressive, but not communist. bodia. bodian territory by Saigon puppet . course for Cambodia to steer. China State, state-private, and private enter­ Sihanouk's belief in his ability to troops and attacks by U. S. war­ would always support this. From that prise will coexist. 'Social justice, equal­ balance permanently between the planes. time until now China has kept her ity and fraternity' are the. aims as forces of imperialism and revolution Through it all, Sihanouk continued .word." set forth in the Political Programme may have arisen during the First In­ his balancing act, moving now left, From his base in Peking, Sihanouk [of the National United Front of Cam­ dochina War, when French defeats at now right, accepting U.S. "aid" and -still with the approval of the Chi­ bodia (NUFC)]. There are Marxists the hands of the Vietminh allowed him then breaking relations with Washing­ nese bureaucrats- continues to plan a and non-Marxists in the NUFC lead­ to win formal independence without a ton, nationalizing and denationaliz­ renewed attempt to exempt Cambodia ership and, as they cooperated in mass armed struggle. But the re­ ing banks and industries, and from the class struggle. He describes drawing up the Programme, there is sources of the U.S. bourgeoisie were juggling cabinets to balance every his plans for the future: no reason to doubt similar coopera­ not as limited as those of the French, shift in the domestic and international "... I am more than ever convinced tion in applying it." and by Sihanouk's own account relationship of forces. that neutrality for South-East Asia af­ It is to be hoped, however, that the Washington began plotting his forcible For example, Sihanouk claims­ fords the optimum conditions for Cambodian masses now fighting U.S. overthrow the moment he declined to and there is no reason to doubt him peace and mutually friendly relations imperialism and its puppets will have put Cambodia under the "protection" here- that he had known for years between all countries of the area. It drawn from the struggle the lesson of the Southeast Asia Treaty Orga­ that Sirik Matak was in the pay of is imperialism that has whipped up that the choice facing them is not im­ nization (SEA TO). the CIA. This did not prevent Siha­ ancient hostilities and set us at each perialism or neutralism but imperial­ The first such plot nearly to suc­ nouk, five months before the March other~s throats over the past century. ism or socialist revolution. Their past ceed was uncovered in February coup, from appointing Matak first Neutrality is the best umbrella under behavior indicates that Sihanouk and 1959. From that point until March deputy premier in what Sihanouk at which a new era of peace and sta­ the Chinese leaders are incapable of 1970, new attempts occurred almost that time called a "government of na­ bility in the area can be developed, absorbing that lesson. with the regularity of clockwork, rang- tional salvation." and outsiders with hostile intent kept -DAVID BURTON

BLACK PRISONER ASSERTS HUMANITY Prison letters of Thomas Crowder mates at Indiana State Prison. From on, Crowder's words are so full of gion. He writes that "all my life I've by Thomas Crowder. Published the same penal institution has now humanism and dignity that there of­ believed in God, but being in here by American Friends Service come Prison Letters of Thomas Crow­ ten is a literary quality to them. at one time caused me to doubt" Committee. Chicago, 1973. 31 pp. der, published by the American In one letter he writes, "Are we sup­ In the introduction to this pamphlet, Friends Service Committee. posed to stop thinking, feeling, and a former prison chaplain writes that 50 cents. Crowder is a 2 7 -year-old Black pris­ expressing ourselves as human beings "the purpose in publishing these let­ One encouragement for those who oner serving his fourth year in sol- because some unscrupulous politician ters is not to indict prison officials." doubt the ability of the human spirit or racist degenerate says that one Perhaps not, but Crowder's letters can­ to overcome physical and psycholog­ breach of society's codes demands we not help but serve that function, cen­ ical degradation is the mass of writ­ be confined while his own crimes go tered as they are on the daily expe­ ings now coming out of the prisons. Pamphlets unchecked?" rience of a Black inmate in a white­ Prison cells have been the writing­ For prisoners like Crowder, who run American prison. studies for many great rebels, among itary confinement. He was convicted overcome the authorities' attempts at them Thomas Paine, Antonio Gram­ in 1967 of conspiracy to commit a degradation, the experience of affirm­ The funds from the sales of this sci, James P. Cannon, Eldridge Clea­ robbery. In 1968, after he joined a ing their own humanity seems to lead pamphlet will go to Thomas Crow­ ver, and George Jackson. prison sitdown demonstration, he was them to challenge much more than der's legal defense fund. It's worth In 1970, Pathfinder Press (410 West transferred to Indiana State Prison. the immediate system of physical in­ reading and may be obtained for 50 St., New York, N.Y. 10014) brought Crowder writes that he is "not an carceration. ·crowder discusses many cents from AFSC, 407 S. Dearborn out Black Voices from Prison, written artist" But, like many of the works topics from a critical point of view: St., Chicago, lll. 60605. by Etheridge Knight and other in- p~blished in Black Voices from Pris- capitalism, health care, racism, reli- -DAVID KEIL

20 Nixon's attacks WestPoint: Summertime The 'silent' on libraries and treatment sales off on education For the 19 months before he graduated, West good footing The traditionally insulated world of books and Point cadet James Pelosi ate alone at a table set Last week The Militant reported final figures for education is feeling shock waves from the hypo­ for 10. He bunked by himself in a room meant its spring sales campaign, but that doesn't mean critical budget cutbacks imposed by the Nixon for three. Few of the 3,800 other cadets would we've run out of the campaign spirit that carried administration in the name of fighting inflation. talk to him except to deliver a message or give us over our goal. Most of the areas that were And librarians aren't taking it sitting down. an order. His mail was sometimes destroyed; his listed on the weekly scoreboards are now planning Librarians across the country staged a "dim­ clothing was once soaked in the shower and then summer sales using many of the same places and out" on May 8 to protest Nixon's cutbacks. Li­ dragged through the latrine. methods used during the sales campaign and sup­ brary lights were dimmed or turned out in re­ In short, West Point subjected Pelosi to complete plementing those with new seasonal ones. Weekly sponse to a call by the Chicago branch of the social isolation- a treatment they call "the Silence." goals for each area are being maintained, some American Library Association. Two years ago the Cadet Honor Committee ac­ of them even higher than during the campaign The April 15 issue of the prestigious Library cused Pelosi of filling in an examination answer this spring, and some adjusted lower for the Journal characterized the cutbacks as "a quiet after the instructor had given the order to stop summer. bloodletting" and urged librarians to "act swiftly writing. Although he denied the accusation, pro­ Reports indicate that sales of the June 8 issue to convince Congress of what is needed to serve duced witnesses to back him up, and eventually of The Militant started summer sales off on a the education and information needs of American had the charge dismissed, the Honor Committee sound footing. For example, Chicago (with a sum- wasn't satisfied. This military kangaroo court still thought he was guilty and voted to impose the News from Pathfinder Silence. No appeal is possible. The Silence is rare because most cadets faced Militant Gets Around with the prospect prefer to resign. But Pelosi isn't mer goal of 500) sold 508. Saturday and Sunday society." Their anger is well founded. Nixon is the first to become its victim. In keeping with West ·sales in the Black community accounted for 256 pushing to abolish all direct federal aid to book Point's rich racist traditions, cadet Benjamin 0. of those. and library programs. Davis was silenced during his entire four years, Cleveland aimed for a goal of 200 and sold The first large-scale grants to enable libraries 1932 to 1936, simply because he is Black. 206, including 60 at plant gates and 60 on cam­ to buy more books and to encourage more reading The real target of a brutal practice like the Si­ pus. Detroit's summer goal is 350, and they sur­ of books were made in 1965 under Lyndon John­ lence is not just an individual like Pelosi or Davis. passed that last week selling 382, mostly at son's lame-duck administration. It's the 3,800 other cadets as well. If they can be shopping centers. Sales of 60 at the Rose Festival Strong impetus for these grants came from the conditioned to impose such a punishment on a in Portland put supporters there over their goal nationwide expression of outrage when scores from classmate and friend, the academy assumes, they tests of students' reading ability revealed that 60 of 200, with a total of 214 sold. And in Washing­ to 70 percent of the country's inner-city school ton, D.C., 351 Militants were sold, including 78 children couldn't read the books usually read by at the old people's protest on June 9. their grade level. American Way of Life Campus sales usually decrease during the sum­ The grants were small, considering the mag­ mer, but colleges with summer sessions can contin­ nitude of the task. But they were presented with can probably be counted on to carry out the ue to be a regular place to sell. Atlanta supporters great fanfare. At one point, the Nixon admin­ Army's dirty work at home or anywhere around last week sold 43 Militants at summer school reg­ istration promised to allocate $500-million to the the globe. istration at Georgia State University. They sold Right to Read program and give it "the kind of The U. S. Army requires officers who will not 272 total, with a goal of 250. concerted effort required to land a man on the question a command, whether it be to napalm a Socialist Workers Party election campaign tables moon." It sounded like a good start. village or break up a demonstration. And West should provide even better sales of The Militant But in 1970 Nixon became the first president Point thinks it knows how to produce them. this summer than they did in the spring. Lower in history to veto an education appropriations There are signs, however, that the service acad­ Manhattan supporters sold a total of 660 last bill. Then he went on to veto three more in his emies are heading for rough times. It's becoming week, most of them from campaign tables. One first term of office. "Reckless spending," he called hundred were sold at the SWP campaign street it In his proposed budget for the fiscal year be­ rallies held the previous Saturday. When sup­ ginning July 4, 1973, Nixon is asking for $12- porters returned to the same area last week to million for the Right to Read program. Similar sell Militants, several people stopped to ask if cuts are proposed in other library and book sub­ they were going to have another rally. sidies. Twin Cities supporters tried campaign tables for The Watergate scandal has exposed some of the first time last Saturday. They set up one table the government's crudest attempts at thought con­ downtown and then dispatched sales teams from trol. This frontal attack on libraries and educa­ it for the remainder of the day. This resulted in tion is another. It seems that the rulers of this 200 Militants sold (in 100 degree weather), and country are afraid the citizens will read. they now plan to repeat this three times each week Library Journal summarized the situation like -all day Saturday and during rush hours on this: 1f approved, the 1974 budget would "turn Monday and Tuesday. Their total sold for the week out the lights in libraries throughout the nation. was 303. The question to ask- and act on- now is: who While Twin Cities inhabitants may buy The is going to control the switch?"-PEGGYBRUNDY Militant regardless of temperature, some areas are trying out special locations to sell at when it's really hot. These include indoor air-conditioned areas, like shopping malls and airports, and out­ door places where people have gone for relief from the heat, like beaches and parks. -NANCY COLE

more difficult to instill the rigid discipline and no-questions-asked attitude they prefer. Toward the end of Pelosi's ordeal, more than half his classmates refused to continue the Silence. At the Air Force Academy, more than half of the 1970 graduates say they would never go near the place if they could choose again. And more that 40 percent of the class that entered the acad­ emy in 1970 has already quit or been expelled. Officials now fear that half or less of the original class will graduate in 197 4. This cartoon originally oppeared in Life magazine in Image-conscious officials claim there's really no 1892. problem. The dropouts, they explain, are merely people who "experience a change in career goals while at the academy." When pressed a little further they admit that yes, the war in Southeast Asia and the antiwar mood of the country might have something to do with it. And yes, discipline is a Militant/Mark Satinoff problem. These new cadets, one Air Force general com­ plained, don't seem to understand that "the mili­ tary is not run on a democratic vote.... What we mean by giving theni more responsibility is that we hand down policy, and they carry it out." -MICHAEL BAUMANN

THE MILITANT/JUNE 22, 1973 21 on the economies of these countries. "As far as I'm concerned," Nofziger These elementary demands for Actually, Brezhnev's betrayal of rev­ said, "it was legal, moral and good .shorter hours and for rising wages olutionary struggles and support for politics, and I'd do it again.... " geared to prices are the indispensable Calendar the ·imperialist status quo has the ef­ Nofziger is now managing the 1974 means of protecting the standard of . AUSTIN fect not of bringing peace but of em­ gubernatorial campaign of California living of the workers against threaten­ SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Strategy for World Rev­ boldening the imperialist warmakers, Republican Lieutenant Governor Ed ing unemployment and steep price olution. Every Tuesday and Thursday at 7:30 p.m. as was illustrated in Vietnam. After Reinecke. rises. from June 12 through June 28. At the Militant Book­ store, 1801 Nueces. Six classes on the transitional each escalation, the U. S. imperialists Other evidence surfaced in Aarons's program. For mare information call (512) 478-8602. would watch to see if they would get investigation that ties the Nazis not away with it or if there would be a only to the 1972 Nixon campaign, but BOSTON response from Moscow or Peking in also to the agribusiness effort to place MARXISM AND CHRISTIANITY. A panel discussion with defense of the Vietnamese. When there Proposition 22 on the California bal­ Del Rayson, former Protestant minister for 26 years; was no response, the imperialists lot in the 1972 election. This proposi­ ... rubber and others. Fri., June 22, 8 p.m. 655 Atlantic Ave. would move on to greater escalation. tion, up for voter approval, was de­ Continued from page 16 (opp. South Sta.). Donation: $1, h.s. students 50c. Ausp: Militaf)t Labor Forum. For more information call (617) The fact is that the status quo of signed to destroy the United Farm laterally." R. G. Sloan, no small out­ 482-8050. imperialist domination of the world Workers Union. If it had become law fit itself, is part of an even larger con- ' must be fundamentally changed be­ it would have, for all practical pur­ glomerate, the Susquehanna Corpora­ LOS ANGELES fore humanity will be able to build tion, the article pointed out. CONFLICT IN NORTHERN IRELAND. Film: A Place poses, nullified the rights of farm Called Ardoyne. Speakers: David Thompson, producer; a new world of peace, cooperation, workers to organize, to negotiate a One striker in the room commented Kathleen O'Nan, member of Friends of Ireland and and freedom. contract, or to strike. bitterly, "They must be erazy. They Socialist Workers Party. Fri., June 22, 8 p.m. 1107 1/2 It is the mighty struggles of the Walters pleaded "no contest" last fall must be stupid. To be working there N. Western Ave., Third Floor. Donation: $1, h.s. stu­ workers of the world and their al­ to fraud charges in COJ?.nection with 13 years and come back for $40 less dents 50c. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call (213) 464-9759. lies that will sweep both the capitalist the petition campaign to place Propo­ is impossible. This is not the only rulers and the bureaucratic usurpers sition 22 on the ballot. This campaign job we can do." NEW YORK: UPPER WEST SIDE into the trash can of history and estab­ was characterized by California Sec­ Another explained how this plant POLITICAL REPRESSION IN PUERTO RICO. Speaker: lish a socialist world of peace. retary of State Edmund Brown as "the grew and made great profits by hiring Fred Perez, Puerto Rican Independence Party. Fri., June 22, 8 p.m. 2744 Broadway (near 105th St.). worst case of election fraud to ever Chicanos at low wages. "They forget Donation: $], h.s. students 50 c. Ausp: West Side Militant be uncovered in California." how Mexican and Latin people made Forum. For more information coil (212) 663-3000. Tommasi, according to Aarons, that plant," he said. produced a contract signed by Wal­ By the seemingly innocuous phrase Calendar and classified ad rates: 75 ters in connection with using Nazis "implement its offer unilaterally" the ... Nazis company, of course, means that they cents per line of 56-character-wide type­ in this fraudulent signature collecting Continued from page 7 wriHen copy. Display ad rates: $10 per· drive. are trying to smash the strike by any column inch ($7.50 if camera-ready ad he would use some of his storm troop­ means necessary. is enclosed). Payment must be included ers as registrars. Tommasi, 22, a lieu­ There has been violence from scabs, with ads. The Militant is published each tenant who runs the Southern Cali­ company representatives, and cops. week on Friday. Deadlines for ad copy: fornia branch of the Nazi Party out of About 40 strikers have been arrested. Friday, one week preceding publication, a swastika-decorated frame house in Another 135 have been cited on for classified and display ads; Wednes­ El Monte, a suburb of Los Angeles, trumped-up charges such as disturb­ day noon, two days preceding publica­ confirmed the offer. He said that a ... GE ing the peace. Before the court injunc­ tion, for calendar ads. Telephone: (212) group of about 20 of his men, dressed tion limiting pickets to two at each 243-6392. Continued from page 15 neatly in civilian clothes, fanned out employment compensation, Social Se­ entrance, there had been picket lines in the area, carrying registration lists curity benefits, welfare allotments, and of up to 300 persons every day. denoting AlP-member homes." pensions ought to be adjusted monthly Incidents of company-provoked vio­ A report in the June 7 New York to conform to the rapid rise in prices. lence were used as a pretext for limit­ Post reveals that these Nixon cam­ The threat of unemployment and the ing the pickets. One striker told The paign workers were very ineffective. inroads of open-shop contractors Militant of an incident where one of California AlP registration actually against many craft unions, especially the foremen ran down a couple of ... detente increased by 6,500 voters over the in the building trades, requires that pickets with his car, sending one to Continued from page 3 period Walters and his group were the union movement demand of the the hospital. throw out him and the other narrow­ trying to wipe AlP off the ballot. Per­ government a massive federal works The strikers are determined to hang minded, privileged bureaucrats who haps for this reason, the Nazis were program, paying union wages, to re­ tough. Living on only $25 a week rule over them. paid only $1,200 and stopped their build this country. strike benefits is difficult, but La Raza Ironically, one of the side effects work for CREEP after a few weeks. Shorter hours of work with no re­ Unida is organizing a food drive to of the detente will be to encourage According to the June 8 New York duction in take-home pay is another assist the strikers. Donations and mes­ such antibureaucratic struggle and po­ Times, Nixon's California campaign important demand. Union negotia­ sages of solidarity may be sent to the litical revolution in the Eastern Eu­ director Lyn Nofziger believes that tors often talk about it before nego­ Huelga Fund, 551 S. Maclay, San ropean countries, as deals with the the only thing wrong with the use of tiations, but they quickly shunt it aside Fernando, Calif. 91340. Telephone: West undermine the grip of Moscow Nazis was that it was "impractical." in the course of bargaining. (213) 361-7341 or 361-4826. Socialist Directory ALABAMA: Tuscaloosa: YSA, P. 0. Box 5462, University, Ala. 35486. Lake Charles: YSA, c/o Cathy Harrison, P. 0. Box 16, MSU, Lake Upper West Side: SWP and YSA, 2744 Broadway (I 06th St.), New ARIZONA: Phoenix: c/o Steve Shliveck, P. 0. Box 890, Tempe, Ariz. Charles, La. 70601. York, N.Y. 10025. Tel: (212) 663-3000. 85281. New Orleans: YSA, c/o Clarence Williams, 3141 N. Tonti St., New OHIO: Bowling Green: YSA, Box 27, U. Hall, Bowling Green State CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oakland: SWP and YSA, 3536 Telegraph Ave., Orleans, La. 70117. University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43402. Oakland, Calif. 94609. Tel: (415) 654-9728. MARYLAND: Baltimore: YSA, c/o Dave McKim, 2103 Belair Rd., Balti­ Cincinnati: YSA, c/o C. R. Mitts, P. 0. Box 32084, Cincinnati, Ohio Chico: YSA, c/o Kathy Isabell, 266 E. Sacramento Ave., Chico, Calif. more, Md. 21213. Tel: (301) 732-8996. 45232. Tel: (513) 381-2897. 95926. College Park: YSA, University P. 0. Box 73, U of Md., College Park, Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44103. Los Angeles: SWP and YSA, 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., Los Angeles, Md. 20742. tel: SWP-(216) 391-5553, YSA-(216) 391-3278. Calif. 90029. Tel: SWP-(213) 463-1917, YSA-(213) 463-1966. MASSACHUSETTS: Amherst: YSA, R. S. 0. Box 324, U of Moss., Amherst, Columbus: YSA, c/o Daryl Drobnick, 1510 Georgesville Rd., Colum­ Riverside: YSA, c/o Univ. of Calif. at Riverside, 1134 Library South, Moss. 01002. bus, Ohio, 43228. Tel: (614)878-5297. Riverside, Calif. 92502. Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o Militant Labor Forum, 655 Atlantic Ave., Toledo: YSA, c/o Shannon O'Toole, 1606 Freemon St., *2, Toledo, Sacramento: YSA, c/o Darren Crown, 2321 "E" St., Sacramento, Calif. Third Floor, Boston, Mass. 02111. Tel: SWP-(617) 482-8050, YSA­ Ohio 43606. Tel: (419) 472-2592. 95816. (617) 482-8051; Issues and Activists Speaker's Bureau (IASB) and Re­ Yellow Springs: YSA, Antioch College Union, Yellow Springs, Ohio San Diego: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 4635 El Cajon Blvd., gional Committee- (617) 482-8052; Pathfinder Books- (617) 338-8560. 45387. San Diego, Calif. 92115. Tel: (714) 280-1292. OREGON: Eugene, YSA, c/o Dave Hough, 1216 1/2 Lincoln, Eugene, San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant Labar Forum, and Militant Books, MICHIGAN: Detroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 Wood­ Ore. 97401. 1519 Mission St., San Francisco, Calif. 94103. Tel: (415) 864-9174. word Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) TEl-6135. Portland: SWP and YSA, 208 S. W. Stork, Filth Floor, Portland, Ore. San Jose: YSA, c/o Krista Zane, 514 1/2 San Benito Ave., Los Gatos, East Lansing: YSA, Second Floor Offices, Union Bldg. Michigan State 97204. Tel: (503) 226-2715. Calif. 95030. Tel: (4Q8) 354-2373. University, East Lansing, Mich. 48823. PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: .YSA, Edinboro State College, Edinboro, San Mateo: YSA, c/o Chris Stanley, 1712 Yorktown Rd., San Mateo, MI. Pleasant, YSA, P. 0. Box 98, Warriner Hall, CMU, Mt. Pleasant, Po. 16412. Calif. 97330. Mich. 48858. Philadelphia: SWP and YSA, 1004 Filbert St. (one block north of Mor­ Santa Barbara: YSA, c/o Carolyn Marsden, 413 Shasta Ln., Santa MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Paul: SWP, YSA, and Labor Bookstore, keti,Philodelphia, Po . .19107. Tel: (215) WAS-4316. Barbara, Calif. 93101. 1 University N. E. (at E. Hennepin) Second Floor, Mpls. 55413. Tel: (612) COLORADO: Denver: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 1203 Cal­ 332-7781. SOUTH DAKOTA: Sioux Falls: YSA, c/o Deb Rogers, 2309 S. 4th St., ifornia, Denver, Colo. 80204. Tel: (303) 623-2825. Bookstore open Mon.­ St. Cloud: YSA, c/o Atwood Center, St. Cloud State College, St. Cloud, Sioux Falls, S.Dak. 57105. Tel: (605) 332-4654. Sot., 10:30a.m.-7p.m. Minn. 56301. TENNESSEE: Nashville: YSA, 1214 17th Ave. S., Nashville, Tenn. CONNECTICUT: Hartford: YSA, P.O. Box 1184, Hartford, Conn. 06101. MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA, c/o Student Activities Office, U of Mis­ 37212. Tel: (615) 292-8827. Tel: (203) 523-7582. souri at Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Rood, Kansas City, Mo. 64110. TEXAS: Austin: YSA, SVfP, Militant Bookstore, Harriet Tubman Hall, New Haven: YSA, P. 0. Box 185, New Haven, Conn. 06501. St. Louis: YSA, P.O. Box 8037, St. Louis, Mo. 63156. Tel: (314) 371- 1801 Nueces, Austin, Texas 78701. Tel: (512)478-8602. Storrs: YSA, U of Conn., P. 0. Box 344, Storrs, Conn. 06268. 1503. Houston: SWP, YSA, and Pathfir>der Books, 3311 Montrose, Houston, R.ORIDA: Tallahassee: YSA, c/o Sarah Ryan, 1806 Lake Bradford Rd., NEW HAMPSHIRE: Portsmouth: YSA, P. 0. Box 479, Durham, N.H. · Texas 77006. Tel. (713) 526-1082. Tallahassee, Fla. 32304. 03824. San Antonio: YSA, c/o P.O. Box 774, San Antonio, Texas 78202. GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree St. N. E., Third NEW MEXICO: Albuquerque: YSA, c/o Kathy Helmer, 9920 Leyen­ UTAH: Logan: YSA, P.O. Box 1233, Utah Stole University, Logan, Utah Floor, Atlanta, Ga. 30303. SWP and YSA, P. 0. Box 846, Atlanta, Ga. decker Rd. N. E., Albuquerque, N. M. 87112. Tel: (505) 296-6230. 84321. 30301. Tel: (404) 523-0610. NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o Lauro Grunberg, Box 2179, Mohican Salt Lake City: YSA, Student Activities Center, University of Utah, Salt ILliNOIS: Carbondale: YSA, c/o Jim Miles, 1207 South Wall, Hollman Hall, Indian Quod 1400, Washington Ave. SUNY, Albany, N.Y. 12203. Lake City, Utah 84112, House *147, Carbondale, Ill. 62901. Binghamton: YSA, Box 1073, Horpur College, Binghamton, N.Y. 13901. VERMONT: Burlington: YSA, c/o John Franco, 241 Molletts Boy Ave., Chicago: SWP, YSA, and bookstore, 180 N. Wacker Dr., Room 310, Tel: (607) 798-4142. Winooski, Vt. 05404. Chicago, Ill. 60606. Tel: SWP-(312) 641-0147, YSA-(312) 641-0233. Brooklyn: SWP and YSA, 136 Lawrence St. (at Willoughby), Brooklyn, WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP and YSA, 1345 ESt. N.W., Fourth Floor, INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities Desk, Indiana Uni­ N.Y. 11 20 l. Tel: (212) 596-2849. Wash., D.C. 20004. Tel: SWP-(202) 783-2391; YSA-(202) 783-2363. ersity, Bloomington, Ind. 47401. long Island: YSA, P.O. Box 357, Roosevelt, L.l., N.Y. 11575. Tel: (516) WASHINGTON: Pullman: YSA, c/o Dean W. Johnson, 1718 A St., IOWA: Cedar Falls: YSA, c/o Mark Jacobsen, 2310 College St. Apt. B, FR9-0289. Pullman, Wash. 99163. Cedar Foils, Iowa 50613. Tel: (319) 277-2544. New York City-City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Broadway (4th St.), Seattle: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 5257 University Way N. E., KENTUCKY: Lexington: YSA, P.O. Box 952, University Station, Lex­ Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: (212) 982-8214. Seattle, Wash. 98105. Hrs. 11 o.m.-8 p.m., Mon.-Sot. Tel: (206) 523- ington, Ky. 40506. Lower Manhattan: SWP, YSA, and Merit Bookstore, 706 Broadway 2555. LOUISIANA: Lafayette: YSA, c/o Cliff Schlicher, 216 Spring St., La­ (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: SWP, YSA-(212) WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, c/o James Levitt, 411 W. Gorham St., fayette, La. 70501. · 982-6051; Merit Books-(212) 982-5940 . Madison, Wis. 53703. Tel: (608) 257-2835.

. 22 Do you know what Trotsky said about technology, education, science, movies, the famil~ religion, vodka, an( swearing?

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THE MILITANT/JUNE 22, 1973 . 23 THE. MILITANT The 'energ_y crisis· Behind empty gas pumps -monopoly superprofits By DAVE FRANKEL producing needed data and no effort of smaller capitalists. go out and try to rake in some more. In the last few months "energy crisis" is being made to secure this data." It has been revealed in Senate de­ But whatever their reasons for moving has become a household term in the Senator Thomas Mcintyre (D-N. H.) bates on the fuel shortages that the at this time, there's no question at all U.S. About 1,000 independent gaso­ was also upset. He pointed out that major oil companies, in arguing about what they're up to. The five line stations have been forced to close, "when the Federal Trade Commission against lifting import quotas last year, major companies already mentioned and another 1,800 are threatened with puts out subpoenas to the major oil assured the government that there now control 32.5 percent of the do­ closing for lack of gasoline supplies. companies, asking them to come in, would be "sufficient refining capacity mestic market in the area of distribu­ Gasoline shortages this summer and sit down, and testify at a hearing, available in the U.S. to meet antici­ tion. And together with the other larg­ fuel oil shortages next winter are wide­ the major oil companies have ignored pated demand ...." est companies they are moving to ly predicted. these subpoenas." Also, while the oil companies jus­ drive out the independent distributors Texaco, the country's largest gaso­ John Mitchell and the rest of the tified big price increases for fuel oil and to jack up prices. line retailer, began rationing on Watergate gang might well envy these last winter by pointing to shortages, The profits of the five biggest com­ March 28 in Los Angeles. Sun Oil corporations for their immunity to sub­ every major oil company, with only panies jumped 26 percent between the Company announced rationing in the poenas. But this immunity isn't acci­ one exception, maintained lower first quarter of 1972 and 1973, for a Washington, D. C., area April 18, and dental. The major oil corporations stocks of heating oil in August 1972 net profit of almost $2-billion, with Union Oil soon followed suit in the Far West. Beginning in early May, Phillips Petroleum cut sales to all of its customers east of the Rocky Moun­ tains by 10 percent. In Illinois, the Amoco Oil Company began limiting sales to about a half-tank per car. Standard Oil of California was ra­ tioning gas in the Western states by early May. Major oil companies blame the problem on increasing demand. "There is just not sufficient refining capacity in the United States to meet the total needs of the American pub­ lic for petroleum products," the presi­ dent of the American Petroleum Insti­ tute told a Senate committee in May. An artificial crisis? However, on April 6 the director of the Office of Emergency Prepared­ ness reported that U.S. refineries were running at 88.7 percent of capacity, the lowest since last December. Anum­ ber of senators have charged that the major oil companies are utilizing the Militant/Michael Baumann so-called energy crisis to drive their 'A realistic program for dealing with these problems must start with the demand that the corporations open their books to smaller competitors out of the retail the public, so that we will know what the actual situation is.' distribution market. Some claim that the whole fuel shortage is an artificial one consciously precipitated by the are the richest and most powerful com­ than they had a year earlier. Exxon's profits jumping 43 percent. oil monopolies. panies in the world, and they are Senator Henry Jackson (D-Wash.) Hubert Humphrey pointed out, "it is The advantages to the oil compa­ owned by people who count among was among those who argued in the strange that the major oil companies nies of such a shortage are obvious. their holdings the other giants of Senate that the domestic shake-up in would be pulling out of so many mar­ It can be used to sweep away environ­ American industry and banking. the oil industry stems from interna­ kets in the country at a time when they mental objections and restrictions, to tional factors. Pointing to increasing are, in fact, so prosperous. Prosperity justify higher prices and new tax cred­ nationalizations and the tripling of should be a time for expansion. its, and to tighten their control on the The big five taxes on oil produced by the major "Yet Gulf is withdrawing in Mary­ market. Of the 12 largest corporations in the international companies in the Middle land, Michigan, Iowa, Wisconsin, Del­ Is the energy crisis, at least in the U.S., ranked by sales, five are oil East during the last two years, Jack­ aware, Minnesota, North Dakota, immediate sense, a creation of the oil companies. Ranked by assets, these son warned that "there is a real prob­ South Dakota, Kansas, Nebraska, monopolies? Only the capitalists who five are among the nine largest cor­ lem that is going to develop. And it Montana, Wyoming, Washington, Ore­ run these giant corporations know for porations in the U.S. They have to­ is something that we have to look gon, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, and sure. Senator James Abourezk (D­ tal assets of $60.215-billion. Three of into, because the American companies northern California.... Exxon, Phil­ S. D.) complained in a letter to Pres­ these corporations, Exxon (formerly that have been taking the bulk of their lips, British Petroleum, Atlantic Rich­ ident Nixon June 1 that "the only in­ Standard Oil of New Jersey), Mobil, profits abroad ... are now going to field, Amoco, Sunoco, and other firms formation we have about our energy and Standard Oil of California, with have to make their profits out of re­ are withdrawing in similar patterns reserves in this country is unaudited total assets of $38.859-billion, are fining operations and domestic mar­ from major sections of the country. and unreliable industry data. owned by the Rockefeller family. Gulf keting in the United States." "There seems to be almost a sort of "The major oil companies, needless Oil is owned by the Mellon family, The profit hogs who run American division of labor here.... The argu­ to say, have refused to cooperate in while Texaco is controlled by a group industry never needed any excuse to Continued on page 14 Why Nixon's 'price freeze· won't meet workers· needs -pages 10, 15 24