Session 2 EEF.DEL/22/15 11 May 2015

ENGLISH only

Transboundary Water Cooperation: Mission (im)Possible?

Ambassador Aušra Semaškienơ The 23rd OSCE Economic and Environmental Forum “Water governance in the OSCE area – increasing security and stability through co-operation” Belgrade, 11-13 May 2015

“The water problems of our world need not be only a cause of tension; they can also be a catalyst for cooperation…If we work together, a secure and sustainable water future can be ours.”

Kofi Annan, February 2002

2015.05.08 2 Getting transboundary water resources management “right” is urgent because...

¾ Half of global available surface water is found in 263 international river basins ¾ Groundwater resources cross under at least 273 international borders

2015.05.08 3

Water nexus other sectors

Getting transboundary water resources management “right” is urgent because...

Water energises all sectors of society

Comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to the management of water sector is needed

2015.05.08 4 Water and Energy Nexus

Water for Energy

Extraction & Hydropower Refining

Fuel Production Thermo electric (Ethanol, hydrogen) Cooling

Wastewater Extraction and Treatment Transmission

Drinking Water Energy Associated Treatment with Uses of Water

2015.05.08 Energy for Water 5

Interrelationships between Water and Energy

Energy required to deliver 1 m³ of clean water from...

Lake or river: 0.37 kWh/m3

Groundwater: 0.48 kWh/m3

Wastewater treatment: 0.62 - 0.87 kWh/m3

Wastewater reuse: 1.0 - 2.5 kWh/m3

Seawater: 2.58 - 8.5 kWh/m3

Source: Amended diagram based on Scientific 2015.05.08 American, October 2008 6 Cooperation on Transboundary Waters is a Lengthy Journey

For each international basin the optimal mode of cooperation depends on a mix of factors including: ¾ hydrologic characteristics ¾ the economics of cooperative investments ¾ numbers and relationships of riparians ¾ costs of parties coming together

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Cooperation Tools

International Conventions & Agreements UNECE Convention on the protectionand use of transboundary watercourses and international lakes

TransboundaryT Environmental Transboundaryansbounda Impact Assessments Water Shared experience Cooperation Joint learning Round tables Cooperative assessments

2015.05.08 8 Nemunas River Basin Management

Countries (% of total river basin): 48 46 Russia 3 Poland 2,6 0,1

Area (km²) 98 200

First-class tributaries: Šešupơ Katra etc.

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Legal Cooperation Framework

1. Agreements between Lithuania and Poland’s Ministries of Environment 2. Technical Protocol on Cooperation in the Protection and Use of the Water Resources in the Transboundary River Basin between Lithuania and Belarus’ Ministries of Environment (in progress) 3. Agreement between Lithuania, Belarus, Russia and the EU (as a goal) 4. Bilateral agreements with other countries

Agreements between River Basin Countries Provide Legal Framework 2015.05.08 for the Protection of the River ! Let the Water Run… ? Intensive water use goes on in the Nemunas River basin due to industry, household water consumption, agriculture and hydro-power engineering

2015.05.08 1111

Unsafe development and operation of nuclear, hydro and water treatment projects put at risk too much

2015.05.08 12 Water treatment facilities necessary for Nemunas water Lithuania Index Real and its environment Norm Number Nemunas BOD 5 ? Oil ? Index/ Real SO4 ? Norm Number Sovietsk NH4 ? ThOD ? BOD 5 50 times more Oil 0,025 more SO4 - Index/ Real Zlaia NH4 22 times Norm Number more BOD 5 3 times Instruch ThOD 6,3 times more more Polesk Oil - - 60 ml. SO4 6 times Baltiysk Rub/day NH4 more 34,2 ml. Rub/day Kaliningrad Dreima ThOD - Pregolia Gusev

Index/ Real Angrapa 427,8 ml. Norm Number Rub/dayPissa BOD 5 3 times more Bagrationovsk Oil - - SO4 6 times NH4 Poland 0,2 ml.Rub/day more 13 Source: Transperancy International ThOD -

Safety Formula Transboundary Water Cooperation + Effective Public Participation + Access to Information + Water Treatment

2015.05.08 14 Thank You for Your Attention !

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