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The Automobile Gold Rush in 1930S Arizona

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The Automobile Gold Rush in 1930S Arizona Chapter 10 THE AUTOMOBILE GOLD RUSH IN 1930S ARIZONA ©1998 Charles Wallace Miller Today the foremost image of the 1930s that remains years m such manner that the most appropriate in our national consciousness is undoubtedly the name is unquestionably "The Automobile Gold "down and out" lifestyle. Even those far too young Rush," while many participants can only be to remember the times have this image from school described as "amateurs." California naturally led textbooks, from documentary films patched from the movement, yet Arizona saw similar activity old newsreels, and from stories of grandparents. through much of its extent. Scenes of bread lines, of makeshift shanty towns called "Hoovervilles," of "Okies" crossing the By August of 1930 an even more significant news country in broken down trucks, symbolize the era. story appeared which was indicative of the early stages of the overall movement. Near Globe, Surprisingly, many individuals who might have oth­ Arizona, a local youth, Jess Wolf, recovered erwise been in similar circumstances found a nom­ nuggets in a gulch. He exhibited his find, totalling inal job and a place to live through mining. The two ounces, in the town of Globe where copper smallest operations accounted for less than 3% of miners were just then being discharged by the total gold production. Nevertheless, they certainly major mining firms. A local rush ensued. enhanced the psychological state of their workers Significantly, Jess Wolf was age seven, and did not who could feel much more productive than many use any equipment at all. The story went out on other victims of the Depression. through the United Press (UP) wire service so it cir­ culated throughout the country. By the end of the The very economic structure of the times con­ 1930s an official federal report on the entire event tributed markedly to gold mining. Inflation had specifically noted that widespread news stories of been the general condition of the early twentieth placer gold discoveries by children had helped set century through the 1920s. But in a deflationary the stage for the "Automobile Gold Rush." Thus economy, gold became more valuable relative to Jess Wolf, along with several other children in other commodities. The U.S. Mint insured this prin­ California's Mother Lode who received news cov­ ciple with automatic purchase of all gold for $20.67 erage, had impacts on history far beyond their per­ per ounce, advanced to $35.00 by early 1934. John sonal gold recovery.3 W. Finch, Director of the U.S. Bureau of Mines, summed up the principle most succinctly, "the time Another early development in Arizona forecast the to mine gold is in hard times." His quote became a overall pattern of the "Automobile Gold Rushes." standing proverb of mining. 1 The town of Prescott in north central Arizona had originated in the 1860s from placer gold discover­ Indeed, the mining community recognized the ies. With the realization that an "Automobile Gold probability of such an event somewhat earlier in Rush" was developing, attention naturally turned to Arizona than in other gold regions. Though Arizona locales of historic production. Prescott and sur­ had several important newspapers in the 1930s, the rounding streams and mountains in Yavapai County Arizona Republican in Phoenix was the leader in led Arizona's list of places with potential. reporting all developments relating to mining in any form. As early as May of 1930 the Arizona As early as August of 1930 the proprietors of the Republican (renamed the Arizona Republic a few Red Bank Placer Co. publically announced their months later) published articles which specifically intentions to use heavy equipment to develop sever­ linked layoffs then under way by the larger copper al mining claims that they owned in south Yavapai mines with the feasibility of small operations County. However, they anticipated a lag of fully six returning to placer gold locations at or near stream months before they could bring on the necessary beds with small scale equipment. 2 The predicted machinery. In the interim they encouraged the event materialized in force within the next two unemployed to work the same areas by simple pan- 191 192 Charles Wallace Miller ning, though they would have to provide their own The demand for copper naturally had skyrocketed. equipment, food, and shelter. The owners, John B. A mass of prospectors scoured the West for indica­ Ehrnhart and Vernon E. Grove, went so far as to tions of copper ores. Fansett himself made field announce that a nugget worth $195 had been recov­ investigations over much of Arizona and presented ered the week before.< lectures on the topic at many locations. He also wrote a classic bulletin as published by the Bureau Throughout the West the owners of large deposits of Mines, "Field Tests for the Common Metals," frequently allowed parties with small scale equip­ which soon attained the unofficial title, "The ment to work areas of known potential prior to Prospector's Bible." On one trip he even rescued a introduction of their own heavy machinery. lost prospector who was in serious danger from Virtually all areas with placer potential on federal dehydration. Even before the "Automobile Gold lands were well known and had long been claimed Rushes," Fansett was already widely known as under the mining law of 1872. Indeed, many of "The Prospector's Best Friend."7 these lands had gone on to private ownership as allowed under that law. The fact that the When a second great national crisis emerged in the "Automobile Gold Rush" could occur at all shows Depression, Fansett again made dozens of research the spirit of the times.5 and educational trips. As early as September of 1930 he was again speaking on mineral identifica­ So the basic economic conditions were evident, the tion for prospectors. And, once again, he rescued an story was circulating through modern communica­ unconscious prospector from death. This rescue, tions, and there were even locales available for min­ near Kingman, was on one more lecture tour. 8 ing. The "Automobile Gold Rush" was ongoing in Arizona by the summer of 1930, an earlier date By early 1931, though, Fansett was focusing on even than California. Yet Arizona had another placer mining and methods for the average person advantage in promoting an early start to this major who had no experience at all rather than the rather event. technical mineral identification courses for profes­ sional prospectors. He presented these basic lessons Under Director G. M. Butler, the Arizona Bureau of in lectures as well as two-day short courses. Mines contributed to the "Automobile Gold Rush" Newspapers all over Arizona noted that Fansett as early as 1931 by issuing Bulletin 132 which was would be coming, then followed-up after his pre­ essentially a guidebook on locations and methods sentations. In many cases several hundred people feasible for the average person. An amateur could attended single lectures. The Arizona Republic pub­ learn simple gold panning in a few hours. With lished the full text of his lecture at Prescott in basic carpentry skills anyone could construct a cra­ March 1931, just as it printed speeches of major dle or rocker, as the '49ers had used, or larger political figures, thus showing the importance of the devices known as long toms and sluice boxes. The official promotion of "The Automobile Gold Bureau sold some five-thousand copies of Bulletin Rush."9 132 within a year, then issued an expanded edition, Bulletin 135, in mid 1933. 6 A guidebook alone sim­ Fansett was the primary author of Bulletin 132 as ply does not have the personal touch that an actual well as the expanded version of 1933 when he added instructor can bring to any subject. In this area, too, his experiences over the prior two years. He reported the Arizona Bureau of Mines took an early initiative "thousands" of contacts under conditions ranging that led all the other Western States. The Bureau from desert to mountain streams. His courses contin­ already employed a leading staff member, George ued through 1934. Director Butler gave several talks Fansett, who had years of field experience along over radio stations in Phoenix and Tucson which fur­ with background in public appearances throughout ther encouraged the "Automobile Gold Rush." the state. Fansett had graduated from Yale Further, the Bureau's office at Tucson answered University in his hometown of New Haven, many letters and analyzed samples. The Bureau also Connecticut, in 1905. However, he had spent the conducted field tests and experiments to find the next decade in various graduate studies interspersed most profitable methods. A study of the Cherry with work as a field geologist for mining firms in Minnehaha placer mine near Waggoner was particu­ the Western U.S. and Latin America. He joined the larly notable since ore was transported by burro train Arizona Bureau of Mines in 1916 just in time to back to the laboratory. Exhibits at county fairs as embark on his first research and educational well as the annual State Fair also added to interest in odyssey across the state as provoked by the nation­ mining. Awards often went to the largest nuggets, al crisis of World War I. along with superior examples of crops or livestock.10 The Automobile Gold Rush in 1930s Arizona 193 The basic impact of the Bureau's efforts can not be recent invention whereby the present day underestimated. Of those who took up placer min­ miner can handle from 6 to 12 times the ing during the Depression, only 10% had any prior quantity of pay dirt that was possible with experience.
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