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Youth at Risk Project” and Some Security Related Components

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Youth at Risk Project” and Some Security Related Components Final report Evaluation of the “Youth at risk project” and some security related components December 2012 David Guillemois Muktar Sheikh Mohamed Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed 1 Summary Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Objectives of the project .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Contexts of intervention .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................................. 11 Specificities of the Somali context .................................................................................... 12 Influence of the clan ................................................................................................................................................... 12 Minorities ................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Population displacement and IDP status ..................................................................................................................... 14 Prevalence of rape and level of impunity .................................................................................................................... 14 Role of women in the conflict dynamism ..................................................................................................................... 14 Different types of armed groups challenging the concept of central authority ............................................................ 14 Context affected by weak central authority ................................................................................................................ 17 Role of private sector in the conflict dynamism ........................................................................................................... 17 Trust element ............................................................................................................................................................. 17 Key components of the Youth for change project ............................................................. 19 The district peace committee ...................................................................................................................................... 19 The youth center providing a solution for youth as vectors of insecurity in the community ........................................ 20 The women civilian protection unit............................................................................................................................. 24 Observatory ................................................................................................................................................................ 29 Process: How effectively has the Y@R programme been planned, managed and implemented? .................................................................................................................. 32 Programme design ...................................................................................................................................................... 32 Justification for a new approach to security ................................................................................................................ 32 A community based project ........................................................................................................................................ 33 Key components of the project ................................................................................................................................... 34 Implementation .......................................................................................................................................................... 38 WHAT IS WORKING ........................................................................................................................ 38 WHAT IS NOT WORKING .................................................................................................................. 41 Management, monitoring and coordination ............................................................................................................... 46 MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE / DISTANT MANAGEMENT / PARTNERSHIP .................................................... 46 MONITORING AND DATA MANAGEMENT............................................................................................ 47 RESOURCES .................................................................................................................................. 49 Results: What results has the programme achieved to date, and is likely to achieve in future? ............................................................................................................................. 50 Outputs ...................................................................................................................................................................... 50 Impact ........................................................................................................................................................................ 54 Value for money ......................................................................................................................................................... 59 2 Recommendations: How can the programme be improved? ............................................ 61 WIDER OPPORTUNITIES: What wider opportunities exist to tackle these issues? ............. 65 ANNEXES: - YOUTH ASSESSMENT IN MOGADISHU - YOUTH ASSESSMENT IN GALKAYO - YOUTH ASSESSMENT IN BOSSASSO - YOUTH ASSESSMENT IN BURAO - TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE EVALUATION 3 Executive summary “Youth for change” is a pilot project implemented in Somalia jointly by UNDP, ILO and UNICEF, in partnership with a large number of local NGOs operating in four complex regions of Somalia. The project has provided specific support to young Somali’s with the aim to decrease insecurity in the targeted regions. The context of intervention is characterized by differences between targeted regions and the high level of complexity and fluidity in the dynamics of each different regional conflicts. The number of locations targeted has proportionally increased the challenge of implementation. This project has been designed as a community based approach, developing community inclusiveness and recognizing the specificity of the Somali context and its various layers of conflict. The evaluation has focused on the “Youth for Change” project but has also reviewed other key interventions and stakeholders linked to this project such as the observatory for crime and victimization prevention (OCVP), the women civilian protection unit (WCPU), and the district peace committee (DPC). The interpretation of the project has oscillated between reduction of criminality within the community and a disarmament orientated project. In dealing with a concept close to DDRR, the project should consider that while the recent evolution of the conflict has provided advantages to some belligerents, all layers of the conflict are still active and targeting youth from specific armed groups could be perceived as taking a partial and active role in the conflict. Therefore, the senior management should define specific limits on the project, notably the profile of the youth targeted, and the collaboration with specific entities. Within a context offering limited opportunities for the youth to access education, employment and income generation, this type of project is perceived as a positive opportunity for youth; and therefore the risks of bias during the selection of the youth should not be underestimated. Pre‐selection of the youth should be duly justified against specific indicators and should be subject to validation from Nairobi level. Key findings and recommendations . The design of the project is coherent with the needs and opportunities in Somalia. Youth and communities in Somalia are interested in a project supporting young people with basic education, social integration, and income generation capacity. A contributing factor to this is some layers of the conflict are generating youth defectors, and so interventions seeking to provide solutions for young people previously engaged with armed groups are needed. The design of the project along with interventions such as the District Peace committees (DPC), the Women Civilian Protection Unit (WCPU) and the Observatory of Conflict and Crime Prevention of (OCVP) has begun to contribute to the integration of minorities or marginalized groups, and to a better understanding of the security context. Challenges in project management and coordination have been the main concern reported by all actors of the project. The management of the project faces numerous challenges such as the high number of actors involved on the project, the challenges of distance management, the sensitivity of the subject addressed, and the complex and specific environment of each of the four locations targeted by the project. The system for data collection the
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