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Toward a Somali Identification System: ID4D Diagnostic

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Toward a Somali Identification System: ID4D Diagnostic Toward a Somali Identification System: ID4D Diagnostic 28358_Somalia_ID4D.indd 1 4/4/18 12:42 PM © 2016 International Bank for Reconstitution and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, D.C., 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some Rights Reserved This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, or of any participating organization to which such privileges and immunities may apply, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2016. ID4D Country Diagnostic: Somalia, Washington, DC: World Bank License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO (CC BY 3.0 IGO) Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third Party Content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20433; USA; email: [email protected]. Photo credits: UNSOM 28358_Somalia_ID4D.indd 2 4/4/18 12:42 PM Contents About ID4D .............................................................................................................................................................iv Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................................................v Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................................................vi Executive summary ...............................................................................................................................................ix 1. Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................1 Motivation ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................1 Organizations involved ..................................................................................................................................................................................1 Study process ...................................................................................................................................................................................................2 2. Background ........................................................................................................................................................4 Benefits of identification systems .............................................................................................................................................................4 Types of Identification systems ...........................................................................................................................................................5 Country overview ............................................................................................................................................................................................5 Economy and development indicators .............................................................................................................................................5 Elections .......................................................................................................................................................................................................7 Somali identity culture ............................................................................................................................................................................7 History of pre-1991 identification systems in Somalia .................................................................................................................7 Remittance crisis .......................................................................................................................................................................................9 ICT sector ...................................................................................................................................................................................................10 3. Key findings ...................................................................................................................................................... 12 Existing identification systems ................................................................................................................................................................ 12 Civil registration system ....................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Other identification systems ............................................................................................................................................................... 14 Feedback from stakeholders .................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Lack of trust .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 17 Governance and roles ............................................................................................................................................................................ 17 Legal issues ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Lack of citizen demand ........................................................................................................................................................................ 18 Cohesion ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 Security and access ................................................................................................................................................................................ 18 Demand from potential users of an ID system .................................................................................................................................. 18 The voter list based on ‘one person, one vote’ ............................................................................................................................ 19 Regulating banking, financial, and remittance sectors ............................................................................................................20 Migration and border security .......................................................................................................................................................... 22 Social security administration ..........................................................................................................................................................
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