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University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory Entomology Collections, Miscellaneous 2008 A New Holcocera Clemens, 1863 (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) Associated with Leguminous Plants from the Brazilian Cerrado David Adamski Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, D.C., 20013- 7012, U.S.A., [email protected] Cibele S. Ribeiro-Costa Departmento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana´ , Caixa Postal 19020, 81513-980, Curitiba, Parana´ , Brazil, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/systentomologyusda Part of the Entomology Commons Adamski, David and Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S., "A New Holcocera Clemens, 1863 (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) Associated with Leguminous Plants from the Brazilian Cerrado" (2008). USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory. 47. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/systentomologyusda/47 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology Collections, Miscellaneous at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 110(3), 2008, pp. 737–742 A NEW HOLCOCERA CLEMENS, 1863 (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH LEGUMINOUS PLANTS FROM THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO DAVID ADAMSKI AND CIBELE S. RIBEIRO-COSTA (DA) Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, D.C., 20013- 7012, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]); (CSRC) Departmentode Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana´, Caixa Postal 19020, 81513-980, Curitiba, Parana´, Brazil (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract.—Holcocera cerradicola, n. sp., is described from the Brazilian cerrado in Parana´. Adults were obtained from field-collected larvae from fruits of two leguminous plant species, Bauhinia holophylla Steud (Caesalpinioideae) and Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (Mimosoideae). These observations represent the first documented association between Holcocerini and Leguminosae. A photograph of the holotype and illustrations of wing venation and male and female genitalia are provided. Key Words: Brazil, cerrado, legumes, Neotropics, savanna, taxonomy Except for Amazonia, the cerrado is woodland savanna region in South Brazil’s largest biome. This vast savanna America and sustains some of the richest once extended over 2 million km2, about savanna flora in the world. one fourth of the country’s land area Nearly 6,500 plant species have been (Oliveira-Filho & Ratter 1995), but is recorded from the cerrado (Mendoc¸a et now reduced to 356,630 km2, or about al. 1998), including about 44% of all the 20% of its estimated original size (Da endemic vascular plants known from Fonseca et al. 2000). The primary reason Brazil (Silva and Bates 2002). This is for the reduction of this large savanna is one of the major reasons the Brazilian increased agricultural pressure exerted Cerrado is considered one of the top 25 by soybean, cotton, and cattle farmers conservation ‘‘hotspots’’ in the world (Dias 1990, Scariot et al. 2005). (Myers et al. 2000). The cerrado occupies most of the In Parana´, the remnant cerrado is Central Plain of Brazil, a major portion fragmented (Ferri 1979, Uhlmann et al. of the states of Tocantins, Goia´s, Mato 1998) and is similar to the savanna areas Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Minas in other parts of the country, differing Gerais, Bahia, Maranha˜o, Piauı´, and only by higher pluviometric indices, parts of Sa˜o Paulo, Para´, Roraima, evenly distributed rains throughout the Amapa´, and Rondoˆnia, and extends year, and a mean temperature of about marginally into eastern Paraguay (Man- 15uC (Leite 2002). tovani and Pereira 1998). Despite its In the savanna, studies of fruits reduction in size, it remains the largest provide valuable information on associ- 738 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ations between various plant species and tropical regions worldwide. Several host vertebrate and invertebrate life. Fruits relationships are known for the genus. contain a higher level of energy per unit For example, Holcocera gigantella Cham- area than other plant parts and are bers and H. paradoxa Powell feed on essential elements for plant reproduc- seeds and pods of Yucca spp. (Liliaceae); tion. Insects that feed on fruits and their H. chalcofrontella feed on the seeds of seeds can be key factors affecting the Rhus sp. (Anacardiaceae); H. panurgella dynamics, distribution, and evolution of Heinrich and H. vilella (Busck) feed on plants in the savanna (Zhang et al. 1997). the seeds of pine (Pinaceae); and several However, little is known about the insect undescribed species (Adamski and Brown fauna, their hosts, and their predator and 1989) are associated with plants within parasite complexes in the Brazilian Cer- the Fagaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Sal- rado, and studies of this kind have not icaceae, and a fungus within Polypora- been undertaken in this region until ceae. In addition, several species of recently. Holcocera are known scavengers and/or Studies focusing on the interactions predators, feeding on scales and aphids, between the insect fauna associated with while some species are either gall inducers leguminous fruits in the Brazilian Cer- or secondarily associated with galls. rado were initiated in Parana´ in 2003 In describing the new species, the gross at The Parque Estadual do Cerrado morphological observations and mea- located in Jaguariava County (24u099S, surements of the adult vestiture were 50u189W) in southern Brazil. The park made using a dissecting microscope covers an area of 426.62 ha and protects (deflected light) with a calibrated micro- some of the last remnants of the cerrado meter. The Methuen Handbook of Col- vegetation in Parana´ (Uhlmann et al. our (Kornerup and Wanschner 1978) 1998). It contains both forest and grass- was used as a color standard. Genitalia land. were dissected as described by Clarke Among the many insects reared from (1941) except that mercurochrome and fruits of legumes during this study were chlorazol black were used as stains. several specimens of microlepidoptera, Pinned specimens and genital prepara- including a new species of Holcocera tions were examined with dissecting and (Coleophoridae: Blastobasinae), which is compound microscopes respectively. described herein to make its scientific Wings were prepared cleared and dry- name available for inclusion in a list of mounted on slides following Borror, insects associated with plants of the Delong and Triplehorn (1981), except Brazilian cerrado. glass slide covers were used instead of Holcocera is represented by about 70 ‘‘masks’’ to protect the specimens. Mea- species worldwide, and its center of surements of the wings were made using diversity is in the New World tropics. a calibrated ocular micrometer. The The genus is characterized by having the holotype is deposited in the Colec¸o de ventrolateral margins of the gnathos Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure, fused with the tegumen, an aedeagus Departmento de Zoologia, Universidade with a multisetose anellus, and proximal Federal do Parana´ (DZUP), Curitiba, flange of the valva with a pointed apex. Parana´, Brazil. Paratypes are deposited Although many undescribed Holcocera in the DZUP and the National Museum are represented in major institutional of Natural History (USNM), Smithso- and in private collections, undoubtedly, nian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. more species will be obtained through Each specimen deposited in DZUP is future efforts of collectors, especially in labeled with a museum accession num- VOLUME 110, NUMBER 3 739 Fig. 1. Holotype -,ofHolcocera cerradicola. ber. Placement of plant species within the Thorax: Tegula and mesonotum family Leguminosae follows Wojcie- dark brownish gray basally, brownish chowski et al., (2004). distally with scales tipped with white. Legs with dark brownish gray inter- Holcocera cerradicola, Adamski and mixed with few scales tipped with white, Ribeiro-Costa, new species all segments with a band of pale (Figs. 1–5) brownish-gray scales at base, near mid- Diagnosis.—Holcocera cerradicola is dle, and at distal end; tarsomeres dark similar to H. bucinae Adamski (2002) brownish gray with a narrow band of from Costa Rica by sharing a raised brownish-gray scales distally. Forewing basal fascia of the forewing, a basal (Figs. 1–2) length 7.2–9.2 mm (n 5 9), process near the dorsal articulation of pale brownish gray intermixed with the valva, and an elongate anellus of the dark brownish-gray scales and scales aedeagus; it differs from the latter by tipped with white; base with a narrow having a wider gnathos, a more protu- band of raised pale brownish gray and berant basal process near the dorsal raised dark brownish scales; cell with 3 articulation of the valva, an emarginate small dark brownish-gray spots, one ventral margin of the juxta, a smaller near midcell and two near distal end; proximal flange, and a uniformly curved marginal spots present or absent. Un- internal sclerite of the aedeagus. dersurface brown. Venation with R4 and Description.—Head: Scales of vertex R5 stalked near distal end; M2 closer to and frontoclypeus brownish gray tipped M3 than to M1;CuA1 closer to M3 than with pale brownish gray; outer surface of to CuA2;retinaculumwithsetaeon

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