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2008

A New Holcocera Clemens, 1863 (: Coleophoridae) Associated with Leguminous from the Brazilian Cerrado

David Adamski Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, D.C., 20013- 7012, U.S.A., [email protected]

Cibele S. Ribeiro-Costa Departmento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana´ , Caixa Postal 19020, 81513-980, Curitiba, Parana´ , Brazil, [email protected]

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Adamski, David and Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S., "A New Holcocera Clemens, 1863 (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) Associated with Leguminous Plants from the Brazilian Cerrado" (2008). USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory. 47. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/systentomologyusda/47

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology Collections, Miscellaneous at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 110(3), 2008, pp. 737–742

A NEW HOLCOCERA CLEMENS, 1863 (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH LEGUMINOUS PLANTS FROM THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO

DAVID ADAMSKI AND CIBELE S. RIBEIRO-COSTA

(DA) Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, D.C., 20013- 7012, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]); (CSRC) Departmentode Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana´, Caixa Postal 19020, 81513-980, Curitiba, Parana´, Brazil (e-mail: [email protected])

Abstract.—Holcocera cerradicola, n. sp., is described from the Brazilian cerrado in Parana´. Adults were obtained from field-collected larvae from fruits of two leguminous , Bauhinia holophylla Steud () and Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (). These observations represent the first documented association between Holcocerini and Leguminosae. A photograph of the holotype and illustrations of wing venation and male and female genitalia are provided. Key Words: Brazil, cerrado, legumes, Neotropics, savanna,

Except for Amazonia, the cerrado is woodland savanna region in South Brazil’s largest biome. This vast savanna America and sustains some of the richest once extended over 2 million km2, about savanna flora in the world. one fourth of the country’s land area Nearly 6,500 plant species have been (Oliveira-Filho & Ratter 1995), but is recorded from the cerrado (Mendoc¸a et now reduced to 356,630 km2, or about al. 1998), including about 44% of all the 20% of its estimated original size (Da endemic vascular plants known from Fonseca et al. 2000). The primary reason Brazil (Silva and Bates 2002). This is for the reduction of this large savanna is one of the major reasons the Brazilian increased agricultural pressure exerted Cerrado is considered one of the top 25 by soybean, cotton, and cattle farmers conservation ‘‘hotspots’’ in the world (Dias 1990, Scariot et al. 2005). (Myers et al. 2000). The cerrado occupies most of the In Parana´, the remnant cerrado is Central Plain of Brazil, a major portion fragmented (Ferri 1979, Uhlmann et al. of the states of Tocantins, Goia´s, Mato 1998) and is similar to the savanna areas Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Minas in other parts of the country, differing Gerais, Bahia, Maranha˜o, Piauı´, and only by higher pluviometric indices, parts of Sa˜o Paulo, Para´, Roraima, evenly distributed rains throughout the Amapa´, and Rondoˆnia, and extends year, and a mean temperature of about marginally into eastern Paraguay (Man- 15uC (Leite 2002). tovani and Pereira 1998). Despite its In the savanna, studies of fruits reduction in size, it remains the largest provide valuable information on associ- 738 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ations between various plant species and tropical regions worldwide. Several host vertebrate and invertebrate life. Fruits relationships are known for the . contain a higher level of energy per unit For example, Holcocera gigantella Cham- area than other plant parts and are bers and H. paradoxa Powell feed on essential elements for plant reproduc- seeds and pods of Yucca spp. (Liliaceae); tion. that feed on fruits and their H. chalcofrontella feed on the seeds of seeds can be key factors affecting the Rhus sp. (Anacardiaceae); H. panurgella dynamics, distribution, and evolution of Heinrich and H. vilella (Busck) feed on plants in the savanna (Zhang et al. 1997). the seeds of pine (Pinaceae); and several However, little is known about the undescribed species (Adamski and Brown fauna, their hosts, and their predator and 1989) are associated with plants within parasite complexes in the Brazilian Cer- the Fagaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Sal- rado, and studies of this kind have not icaceae, and a fungus within Polypora- been undertaken in this region until ceae. In addition, several species of recently. Holcocera are known scavengers and/or Studies focusing on the interactions predators, feeding on scales and aphids, between the insect fauna associated with while some species are either gall inducers leguminous fruits in the Brazilian Cer- or secondarily associated with galls. rado were initiated in Parana´ in 2003 In describing the new species, the gross at The Parque Estadual do Cerrado morphological observations and mea- located in Jaguariava County (24u099S, surements of the adult vestiture were 50u189W) in southern Brazil. The park made using a dissecting microscope covers an area of 426.62 ha and protects (deflected light) with a calibrated micro- some of the last remnants of the cerrado meter. The Methuen Handbook of Col- vegetation in Parana´ (Uhlmann et al. our (Kornerup and Wanschner 1978) 1998). It contains both forest and grass- was used as a color standard. Genitalia land. were dissected as described by Clarke Among the many insects reared from (1941) except that mercurochrome and fruits of legumes during this study were chlorazol black were used as stains. several specimens of microlepidoptera, Pinned specimens and genital prepara- including a new species of Holcocera tions were examined with dissecting and (Coleophoridae: Blastobasinae), which is compound microscopes respectively. described herein to make its scientific Wings were prepared cleared and dry- name available for inclusion in a list of mounted on slides following Borror, insects associated with plants of the Delong and Triplehorn (1981), except Brazilian cerrado. glass slide covers were used instead of Holcocera is represented by about 70 ‘‘masks’’ to protect the specimens. Mea- species worldwide, and its center of surements of the wings were made using diversity is in the New World tropics. a calibrated ocular micrometer. The The genus is characterized by having the holotype is deposited in the Colec¸o de ventrolateral margins of the gnathos Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure, fused with the tegumen, an aedeagus Departmento de Zoologia, Universidade with a multisetose anellus, and proximal Federal do Parana´ (DZUP), Curitiba, flange of the valva with a pointed apex. Parana´, Brazil. Paratypes are deposited Although many undescribed Holcocera in the DZUP and the National Museum are represented in major institutional of Natural History (USNM), Smithso- and in private collections, undoubtedly, nian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. more species will be obtained through Each specimen deposited in DZUP is future efforts of collectors, especially in labeled with a museum accession num- VOLUME 110, NUMBER 3 739

Fig. 1. Holotype -,ofHolcocera cerradicola. ber. Placement of plant species within the Thorax: Tegula and mesonotum family Leguminosae follows Wojcie- dark brownish gray basally, brownish chowski et al., (2004). distally with scales tipped with white. Legs with dark brownish gray inter- Holcocera cerradicola, Adamski and mixed with few scales tipped with white, Ribeiro-Costa, new species all segments with a band of pale (Figs. 1–5) brownish-gray scales at base, near mid- Diagnosis.—Holcocera cerradicola is dle, and at distal end; tarsomeres dark similar to H. bucinae Adamski (2002) brownish gray with a narrow band of from Costa Rica by sharing a raised brownish-gray scales distally. Forewing basal fascia of the forewing, a basal (Figs. 1–2) length 7.2–9.2 mm (n 5 9), process near the dorsal articulation of pale brownish gray intermixed with the valva, and an elongate anellus of the dark brownish-gray scales and scales aedeagus; it differs from the latter by tipped with white; base with a narrow having a wider gnathos, a more protu- band of raised pale brownish gray and berant basal process near the dorsal raised dark brownish scales; cell with 3 articulation of the valva, an emarginate small dark brownish-gray spots, one ventral margin of the juxta, a smaller near midcell and two near distal end; proximal flange, and a uniformly curved marginal spots present or absent. Un- internal sclerite of the aedeagus. dersurface brown. Venation with R4 and Description.—Head: Scales of vertex R5 stalked near distal end; M2 closer to and frontoclypeus brownish gray tipped M3 than to M1;CuA1 closer to M3 than with pale brownish gray; outer surface of to CuA2;retinaculumwithsetaeon labial palpus with gray scales tipped with bases of Sc and radius. Hindwing white, inner surface as above but darker (Figs. 1–2) translucent near base, grad- or first and second articles as above and ually darkening to brown apex. Vena- third article gray; scape of antenna gray tion with cubitus 4-branched, with M2 intermixed with pale-gray scales, pecten broadly arched from base, M3 and CuA1 pale gray, flagellum gray; first flagello- straight and divergent from bases, and mere widened basally, forming a flat- CuA2 beyond middle of cell. tened lobe with a dense cluster of sex Abdomen: Terga 2–7 with several, scales on inner surface in male, unmod- irregular rows of spinelike setae in male, ified in female; proboscis pale gray. setae on terga 2–6 in female. 740 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Figs. 2–4. Holcocera cerradicola. 2, Wing venation. 3, Genital capsule. 4, Aedeagus. VOLUME 110, NUMBER 3 741

setose apically; aedeagus widened basal- ly, gradually narrowing to apex; internal sclerite of aedeagus fused with base of anellus; anellus pointed apically, with many microsetae. Female genitalia (Fig. 5): Ovipositor with 3 telescopic subdivisions posterior to eighth segment; eighth sternum setose on distal third, broadly emarginate along anterior margin; lower part of ostium demarcated by a narrow, semicircular rim; antrum sparsely spinulate, slightly widened anteriorly, with small, darkly pigmented area posterior to inception of ductus seminalis; anterior part of ductus bursae sparsely spinulate, with spinulation continuing into corpus bursae; corpus bursae with a large diamond-shaped signum; signum slightly spinulate, with a slightly raised, transverse ridge. Types.—Holotype: -, ‘‘Jaguariava, Parana´, Brasil, 13-XI-2003, Sari, L.T., Leg.’’; ‘‘Stryphnodendron adstringens,Cer- rado, sensu stricto (CSS)’’; ‘‘D. Adamski - Genitalia Slide No. 5660’’ [yellow label], ‘‘DZ 10.223’’. Deposited in DZUP. Paratypes (3 -,6U): Same label data as holotype except, 1-, ‘‘2-XII-2003’’; ‘‘Campo Cerrado’’; ‘‘- Genitalia Slide by DA, USNM 83233’’ [green label]; 1 U,‘‘3- X-2003’’; ‘‘Campo Cerrado’’; ‘‘U Genita- lia Slide by DA, USNM 83235’’; 1U,‘‘7- Fig. 5. Female genitalia of Holcocera cerradi- X-2003’’; ‘‘Campo Cerrado’’; ‘‘U Genita- cola. lia Slide by DA, USNM 83234’’; 1 -,1U, ‘‘18-XI-2003’’; ‘‘Campo Cerrado’’; ‘‘- Genitalia Slide by D. Adamski, Male genitalia (Figs. 3–4): Uncus No. 5661’’ [yellow label], ‘‘DZ 10.099’’; sparsely setose, slightly elongate, gradu- ‘‘Sample 2’’; ‘‘U Genitalia Slide by DA, ally tapering to a rounded apex; gnathos USNM 83236’’; 1 U, ‘‘25-X-2003’’; weakly fused to tegumen by a pair of ‘‘Campo Cerrado’’; ‘‘U Genitalia Slide dorsoposterior and ventroanterior arms, by D. Adamski, No. 5662’’ [yellow label], ventroposterior margin slightly emargin- ‘‘DZ 10.030’’; 1 U, ‘‘2-XII-2003’’; ‘‘Cam- ate medially; vinculum narrow; juxta po Cerrado’’; ‘‘Sample 2’’; ‘‘U Genitalia emarginate ventrally; valva with a digi- Slide by D. Adamski, No. 5663a,’’ ‘‘U tate upper part; lower part relatively Wing Slide by D. Adamski, No. 5663b’’ broad, distally produced into an up- [yellow labels], ‘‘DZ 10.478’’; 1 U, ‘‘9-I- turned spinelike process; valva with a 2004’’; ‘‘Bauhinia holophylla, Campo sujo, large lobelike process near dorsal artic- (CS)’’; ‘‘U Genitalia Slide by D. Adamski, ulation; proximal flange large, sparsely No. 5664’’ [yellow label], ‘‘DZ 10.477’’. 742 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Four paratypes in DZUP, 4 paratypes in Dias, B. F. S. 1990. Conservac¸o da natureza do [USNM]. Cerado brasileiro, pp. 583–640. In Pinto, N. ed. Cerrado: Caracterizac¸o, Ocupac¸o e Per- Hosts.—Bauhinia holophylla Steud spectivas. Ed. Universidade de Brası´lia, 667 pp. (Caesalpinioideae: Leguminosae) and Ferri, M. G. 1979. Uma de´cada 1968–1977 de Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) trabalhos no cerrado, pp. 23–59. In Goodland, (Mimosoideae: Leguminosae). R. and M. G. Ferri, eds. Ecologica do cer- Cerrado. Itatiaia, EDUSP, Sa˜o Paulo, 193 pp. Etymology.—The species epithet ‘‘ Koenerup, A. and J. H. Wanschner. 1978. radicola’’ is derived from the root ‘‘cer- Metheun Handbook of Colour. 2nd ed. rado,’’ the habitat from where the type Methuen and Co., Ltd., London, 234 pp. series was collected, and the Latin suffix, Leite, P. F. 2002. Contribuic¸o ao conhecimento -cola, meaning ‘‘inhabitant of.’’ fitoecolo´gico do Sul do Brasil. Cincia e Am- biente 24: 51–73. Mantovani, J. E. and A. C. Pereira. 1998. Estimativa ACKNOWLEDGMENTS da integridade da cobertura vegetal do cerrado We thank James F. DiLoreto, Office atrave´s de dados TM/Landsat, pp. 1455–1466. of Imaging and Photographic Services, In Simpo´sio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Re- moto, 9, Santos - SP. So Jose´ dos Campos-SP: Smithsonian Institution, Washington, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. D.C., for the digital processing and Mendonc¸a, R., J. M. Felfili, B. M. T. Walter, M. preparation of the plates, and Diana C. Silvia Ju´nior, A. V. Rezende, T. S. Marques of Portugal for the fine illus- Filgueiras, and P. E. N. Nogueira. 1998. Flora trations of the male and female genitalia. vascular do Cerrado, pp. 287–556. In Sano, S. and S. S. Almeida, eds. Cerrado: Ambiente e This research was sponsored by the Flora. EMBRAPA-CPAC, Planaltina, 555 pp. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Myers, N., R. A. Mittermeier, C. G. Fonseca, G. A. Cientı´fico e Technolo´gico (CNPq) and B., and J. Kent. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for represents contribution no. 1714 of conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853–858. the Departmento de Zoologica, Univer- Oliveira-Flilho, A. T. and J. A. Ratter. 1995. A study of the origin of central Brazilian forests sidade Federal do Parana´, Curitiba, by the analysis of plant species distribution Brazil. patterns. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 52(2): 141–194. LITERATURE CITED Scariot, A., J. C. Souza-Silva, and J. M. Felfili. 2005. Introduc¸o, pp. xi–xii. In Scariot, A., J. C. Adamski, D. 2002. Holcocerini of Costa Rica Souza-Silva, and J. M. Felfili, eds. Cerrado: (Lepidoptera: : Coleophoridae: Ecologia, Biodiversidade e Conservac¸o. Min- Blastobasinae). Memiors of the Entomological iste´rio do Meio Ambiente, Brası´lia, 439 pp. Society of Washington, No. 24. 147 pp. Silva, J. M. C. and J. M. Bates. 2002. Biogeo- Adamski, D. and R. L. Brown. 1989. Morphology graphic patterns and conservation in the South and Systematics of North American Blastoba- American Cerrado: a tropical savanna hotspot. sidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea). Mississippi Bioscience 52: 225–233. Agricultural & Forestry Experiment Station Uhlmann, A., F. Galvo, and S. M. Silva. 1998. Technical Bulletin 165, Mississippi Entomo- Anlse da estrutura de duas unidades fitofisio- logical Museum no. 1, 70 pp. noˆmicas de savana (cerrado) no sul do Brasil. Borror, D. J., D. M. Delong, and C. A. Triplehorn. Acta Botanica Brasilica 12(3): 231–247. 1981. An Introduction to the Study of Insects. Wojciechowski, M. F., M. Lavin, and M. J. 5th edition. CBS College Publishing, Philadel- Sanderson. 2004. A phylogeny of legumes phia, Pa, 928 pp. (Leguminosae) based on analysis of the plastid Clarke, J. F. G. 1941. The preparation of slides of matK gene resolves many well-supported the genitalia of Lepidoptera. Bulletin of the subclades within the family. American Journal Brooklyn Entomological Society 36: 149–161. of Botany 91: 1846–1862. Da Fonseca, G. A. B., R. Cavalcanti, A. Rylands, Zhang, J., F. A. Drummond, M. Liebman, and A. and A. Paglia. 2000. Cerrado. In Hotspots Hartke. 1997. Insect predation of seeds and Revisited: Earth’s Biologically Richest and plant population dynamics. Technical Bulletin Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions. Con- of the Maine Agricultural and Forest Exper- servational International, 392 pp. iment Station 163: 1–125.