DOCSLIB.ORG

War Crimes in Kosovo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
War Crimes in Kosovo WKAROCSRIOMEVS ION A Population-Based Assessment of Human Rights Violations Against Kosovar Albanians A report by: Physicians for Human Rights Boston • Washington DC In conjunction with: Program on Forced Migration and Health, Center for Population and Family Health, The Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Copyright © August 1999 by Physicians for Human Rights All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America ISBN 1-879707-26-8 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 99-075785 COVER INSET PHOTO: Glenn Ruga COVER AND REPORT DESIGN: Glenn Ruga/Visual Communications PHYSICIANS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) mobilizes the health professions and enlists support from the general public to protect and promote the human rights of all people. PHR believes that human rights are essential preconditions for the health and well-being of all members of the human family. Since 1986, PHR members have worked to stop torture, disappearances, and political killings by governments and opposition groups; to improve health and sanitary conditions in prisons and detention centers; to investigate the physical and psychological consequences of violations of humanitarian law in internal and international conflicts; to defend medical neutrality and the right of civil- ians and combatants to receive medical care during times of war; to protect health professionals who are victims of violations of human rights; and to pre- vent medical complicity in torture and other abuses. As one of the original steering committee members of the International Cam- paign to Ban Landmines, PHR shared the 1997 Nobel Peace Prize. PHR cur- rently serves as grassroots coordinator of the US Campaign to Ban Landmines. The President is Robert Lawrence, M.D, M.P.H.; Current Past President is Charles Clements, M.D.; Vice President is Holly J. Atkinson, M.D.; Current Past Vice President is Carola Eisenberg, M.D.. The Executive Director is Leonard S. Rubenstein, J.D.; Deputy Director is Susannah Sirkin; Director of Development is Mary Jo Adams, Advocacy Director is Holly Burkhalter; Director of Communications is Barbara Ayotte; Director of Campaigns is Gina Cummings; Director of Finance & Administration is Lori Maida; Senior Pro- gram Associate is Doug Ford; William Haglund, Ph.D., is Director of the Inter- national Forensic Program and Vincent Iacopino, M.D., Ph.D., is Senior Medical Consultant. Physicians for Human Rights Physicians for Human Rights 100 Boylston Street, Suite 702 110 Maryland Ave., Suite 511 Boston, MA 02116 Washington, DC 20002 Tel. (617) 695-0041 Tel. (202) 547-9881 Fax. (617) 695-0307 Fax. (202) 547-9050 Email: [email protected] Email:[email protected] www.phrusa.org Program on Forced Migration and Health Center for Population and Family Health The Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University The Program on Forced Migration and Health is part of the Center for Popula- tion and Family Health at the Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University. The program was developed in response to the need for technically sound approaches to issues faced by health professionals providing humanitarian assistance in complex emergencies. The program has three main areas of activity: • Providing post-graduate training in public health, in preparation for careers in international humanitarian assistance • Offering short-term training for public health professionals currently working in the field • Conducting research into the relationship between public health and forced migration Program on Forced Migration and Health Center for Population and Family Health The Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University 60 Haven Avenue, B-2 New York, NY 10032 Tel: 212-304-5221 Fax: 212-305-7024 Email: [email protected] Web: http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/dept/sph/popfam/refugee v CONTENTS Acknowledgments viii Glossary x I. Executive Summary 1 Purpose of the Study 1 Summary of Findings 2 Summary of Methods 7 Recommendations 7 II. Political Background 11 III. Historical Background 17 Geography and Ethnic Composition of Kosovo 17 History 17 Recent Political Situation 22 Human Rights Violations before the Armed Conflict 23 Account of the Armed Conflict 25 Chronology of Key Events 26 Situation of Refugees and Displaced Persons 31 IV. Kosovar Refugee Survey 33 Methods 33 Survey Participant Characteristics 38 Forced Expulsions of Kosovar Refugees 38 Human Rights Abuses Observed by Kosovar Refugees 41 Human Rights Abuses by Serb Forces Experienced by 43 Respondents and Household Members Comments on Survey Findings 49 V. Case Testimonies on War Crimes in Kosovo 53 Methods 53 Forced Expulsions 54 Killings 59 Beatings 72 Beatings in Macedonia 76 Torture 77 Sexual Assault 80 vi Separation and Disappearance 82 Shootings 85 Looting and Destruction of Property 86 Landmines 90 Other Human Rights Violations 91 Human Shields 91 Forced Labor 92 VI. Violations of Medical Neutrality 93 Introduction 93 Definition of Medical Neutrality 95 Abuses of Kosovar Albanian Health Professionals 97 Killing of Physicians 99 Threats and Hunting of Medical Workers 100 Forced Expulsion/Lack of Freedom of Movement 102 Torture and Beatings 104 Abuses Against Kosovar Albanian Patients 105 Military Use of Hospitals 108 Health Facility Destruction and Looting 110 VII. Application of Relevant International Law 113 Human Rights Law 113 International Humanitarian Law 113 VIII. Psychological Trauma and Recovery 117 IX. Appendices 119 APPENDIX A: List of Surveyed Refugee Camps and 119 Collective Centers APPENDIX B: PHR/Columbia Survey Instrument 120 APPENDIX C: Reports of Mosques Destroyed by Serb Forces 127 APPENDIX D: Reports of Schools Destroyed by Serb Forces 129 APPENDIX E: Reports of Medical Facilities Destroyed 132 by Serb Forces APPENDIX F: Reports of Landmines Laid By Serb Forces 134 vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was written by Vincent Iacopino, M.D., Ph.D., Senior Medical Consultant to Physicians for Human Rights (PHR); Martina W. Frank, M.P.H., Staff Associate, Program on Forced Migration and Health, Center for Popula- tion and Family Health, The Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Allen S. Keller, M.D., Director, Belle- vue/NYU Program for Survivors of Torture, Center for Health and Human Rights, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Sheri L. Fink, M.D., Ph.D., Fellow, Human Rights Center,University of California, Berkeley, CA; Daniel J. Pallin, M.D., M.P.H., Resident in preventive medicine, New York City Department of Health & Columbia University; Ronald Wald- man, M.D., M.P.H, Director, Program on Forced Migration and Health, Center for Population and Family Health, The Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Doug Ford, J.D., Senior Program Associate, Physicians for Human Rights, Boston, MA; Holly Burkhalter, Advo- cacy Director, Physicians for Human Rights, Washington, DC; Barbara Ayotte, Director of Communications, Physicians for Human Rights, Boston, MA; Alli- son Cohen, Program Coordinator, Physicians for Human Rights, Boston, MA; Ruth A. Barron, M.D., Clinical Instructor, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Jennifer Leaning, M.D., Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Mary Ellen Keough,M.P.H., Director, Antemortem Database Project, Bosnia Projects of Physicians for Human Rights. The report was prepared for production by Dr. Iacopino and Ms. Ayotte. The report is based on research undertaken by the PHR/Columbia team between April 1,1999 and May 3,1999. We are grateful to Linda Cushman, Ph.D., Associate Clinical Professor of Public Health, Center for Population and Family Health, The Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Heidi Bauer, M.D., M.P.H., Research Specialist, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Family and Community Medicine, San Francisco, CA, and Roger Vaughan, Dr.P.H., Assistant Professor of Clinical Public Health, Center for Population and Family Health, The Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY for their assistance in the design of the survey instrument and data analysis. Patricia Dawson, Linda Federico-O’Murchu, Aaron Foeste, Shannon Light- ner, Carol McMahon, Martine Nokes, Jordana Sander, and Elias Wolfberg pro- vided invaluable research and data entry assistance. The report was reviewed by Leonard Rubenstein, J.D., Executive Director of Physicians for Human Rights, Susannah Sirkin, M.Ed., Deputy Director of viii Physicians for Human Rights and H. Jack Geiger, M.D., M.P.H., City Univer- sity of New York Medical School, Department of Community Health and Social Medicine. The law chapter was reviewed by Gregg Bloche, M.D., J.D. and Alicia Ely Yamin, J.D., M.P.H., members of the board of directors of Physi- cians for Human Rights. This research was supported by grants from the Blaustein Foundation, the Open Society Institute, the John Merck Fund, the Ford Foundation, and the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation. The authors would like to extend sincere gratitude to Luan Jaha, M.D., for all of his tireless efforts on behalf of Physicians for Human Rights over the past year. His unique insight into the health care system of Kosovo and his commit- ment to human rights investigative work have been invaluable. We also thank the research interviewers who assisted in data collection: Sebiha Ahmeti, Alban Bakija, Vedat Beshiri, Hasan Bishlimi, Vulnet Dulatahi, Learta Gunga, Lulzim Hasani,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Programme Summary
    Waste management project in Drenica UN Trust Fund for Human Security MONTENEGRO Fast Facts Area: Kosovo SERBIA Duration: November 2000 to August 2003 Drenica valley Pristina Implementing UN Agencies: UNMIK; UNOPS Kosovo ALBANIA Budget: $3,030,000 FYR The boundaries Key Words: Peacebuilding; sanitation and names MACEDONIA shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or 25 km acceptance by the United Nations BACKGROUND The conflict in Kosovo which ended in June 1999 took destroyed by the violence. The sewage system a heavy toll on a region that was already suffering the throughout the municipality, which was already impacts of poverty and a lack of investment in public inadequate, was in a state of extreme disrepair by the services and economic activities. The rural end of the conflict and as a result allowed sewage to municipality of Glogovac in the Drenica Valley of flow into streets, gardens and public spaces. This central Kosovo was hit particularly hard. The contaminated groundwater supplies was a critical municipality’s iron and nickel industry, the public health problem. cornerstone of the region’s economic activity, was PROGRAMME OVERVIEW GOALS AND OBJECTIVES The goal of the project was to rehabilitate the sewage conflict affected communities and to begin the process system of Glogovac municipality. In doing so, the of reconstruction and longer term development in the project sought to improve the overall health status of municipality. BENEFICIARIES Through the rehabilitation of the municipal sewage 58,000 people, directly benefited from the system, all residents of Glogovac municipality, around improvement to health and sanitation services.
    [Show full text]
  • Violence Against Kosovar Albanians, Nato's
    VIOLENCE AGAINST KOSOVAR ALBANIANS, NATO’S INTERVENTION 1998-1999 MSF SPEAKS OUT MSF Speaks Out In the same collection, “MSF Speaking Out”: - “Salvadoran refugee camps in Honduras 1988” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [October 2003 - April 2004 - December 2013] - “Genocide of Rwandan Tutsis 1994” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [October 2003 - April 2004 - April 2014] - “Rwandan refugee camps Zaire and Tanzania 1994-1995” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [October 2003 - April 2004 - April 2014] - “The violence of the new Rwandan regime 1994-1995” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [October 2003 - April 2004 - April 2014] - “Hunting and killings of Rwandan Refugee in Zaire-Congo 1996-1997” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [August 2004 - April 2014] - ‘’Famine and forced relocations in Ethiopia 1984-1986” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [January 2005 - November 2013] - “MSF and North Korea 1995-1998” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [January 2008 - 2014] - “War Crimes and Politics of Terror in Chechnya 1994-2004” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [June 2010 -2014] -”Somalia 1991-1993: Civil war, famine alert and UN ‘military-humanitarian’ intervention” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [October 2013] Editorial Committee: Laurence Binet, Françoise Bouchet-Saulnier, Marine Buissonnière, Katharine Derderian, Rebecca Golden, Michiel Hofman, Theo Kreuzen, Jacqui Tong - Director of Studies (project coordination-research-interviews-editing): Laurence Binet - Assistant: Berengere Cescau - Transcription of interviews: Laurence Binet, Christelle Cabioch, Bérengère Cescau, Jonathan Hull, Mary Sexton - Typing: Cristelle Cabioch - Translation into English: Aaron Bull, Leah Brummer, Nina Friedman, Imogen Forst, Malcom Leader, Caroline Lopez-Serraf, Roger Leverdier, Jan Todd, Karen Tucker - Proof reading: Rebecca Golden, Jacqui Tong - Design/lay out: - Video edit- ing: Sara Mac Leod - Video research: Céline Zigo - Website designer and webmaster: Sean Brokenshire.
    [Show full text]
  • A4 Z 43: Tfde`Uj Ez]] 2Fx #'
    + , : 5% )! ; ! ; ; ,-., /012 .0.01 -.)/' .)%2 % ' +>1137 35"/6.*4116"</ **9"+B3 5161>+B3/4 96/%"196>9"3*4". +/..>%/3 '76"'76"3../.= .>% ."3+6."%>. +6"357".6 9".+1/3"."337 56."5>3 6C5."9"5<D"C4"5" 1 + *+#??,,) --@ A"* " $ &3&4/56 /13 % & R !" 34516 tested the demand for five-day custodial interrogation of ormer Finance and Home Chidambaram. FMinister P Chidambaram Solicitor General (SG) will spend at least four days in Tushar Mehta, representing the CBI custody. A Delhi court the CBI, told the court that the on Thursday allowed the CBI agency was not extorting con- plea for custodial interrogation fession but it has the right to of Chidambaram in the INX reach the root of the case. Media corruption case till Besides Sibal, senior advo- August 26. The agency had cate Abhishek M Singhvi # 34516 sought a five-day remand to appeared for Chidambaram unearth the larger conspiracy and opposed CBI’s plea saying n a desperate move to stoke in the case. that the former Union Minister Iviolence in Jammu & Special Judge Ajay Kumar was not a flight risk. Singhvi Kashmir after the abrogation of Kuhar asked the CBI to con- said that the entire CBI case its special status under Article duct medical examination on was based on the statement of 370 and to internationalise the Chidambaram as per the rules. Indrani Mukherjea, who has issue, Pakistan has started The court also allowed the turned approver in the case. recruiting battle-hardened !" # $% family members and lawyers of Chidambaram cannot Afghan and Pashtun fighters to % Chidambaram to meet him answer what the CBI wants to create trouble in the State.
    [Show full text]
  • Balkan Projects Development Banks Bank Country Project Name Type Status Phase Pipeline Net Budget Comments
    Water sector Balkan projects development banks bank country project name type status phase pipeline net budget comments EBRD Albania GrCF: UKT Tirana Water Company drinking water active 34 WBIF Albania Rural Areas: Water Supply and Waste Water Systems drinking water active 36 WBIF Albania Shkodra/Skadar Lake Area, Villages of Shiroka and Zogaj: drinking pipeline Preparation 16 Water Supply and Sewage Systems and Improvement of water/waste water Waste Management WBIF Albania Water Sector Performance and Investment Programme / drinking pipeline Preparation 82 Municipal Infrastructure V water/waste water WBIF Albania Water Supply and Sewerage Systems in Himara Municipality drinking pipeline Preparation 53 and Its Coastal Villages water/waste water WBIF Albania Mati River Flood Protection Infrastructure flood risk pipeline Preparation 8 EIB Albania LANA RIVER FRONT - URBAN REDEVELOPMENT river basin pipeline Approved 24 WB Albania Water Resources and Irrigation Project river basin active 39 WB Albania Albania Water Resources and Irrigation Project Additional river basin active 23 Financing WBIF Albania Kavaja and Golemi Wastewater Treatment Plant and waste water pipeline Preparation 10 Sewerage System EBRD Bosnia and GrCF: Sarajevo Water drinking water active 31 Hercegovina EBRD Bosnia and Visoko Water Supply drinking water active 6 Hercegovina EBRD Bosnia and Plava Voda Regional Water Supply Project drinking water active 30 Hercegovina EBRD Bosnia and Gradacac Water Supply Project drinking water active 10 Hercegovina WBIF Bosnia and Tuzla
    [Show full text]
  • CLIMATIC REGIONS of KOSOVO and METOHIJA Radomir Ivanović
    UNIVERSITY THOUGHT doi:10.5937/univtho6-10409 Publication in Natural Sciences, Vol. 6, No 1, 2016, pp. 49-54. Original Scientific Paper CLIMATIC REGIONS OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA Radomir Ivanović1, Aleksandar Valjarević1, Danijela Vukoičić1, Dragan Radovanović1 1Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Priština, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia. ABSTRACT The following the average and extreme values mountainous parts of Kosovo. It affects parts of of climatic elements, specific climatic indices and northern Metohija, Drenica and the entire Kosovo field research, we can select three climatic types in valley along with smaller sidelong dells - Malo Kosovo and Metohija - the altered Mediterranean, Kosovo and Kosovsko Pomoravlje. Because of their continental and mountainous type. The altered exquisite heights, the mountains that complete the Mediterranean type is present in southern and Kosovo Metohija Valley have a specific climatic western Metohija, to be specific, it affects the type, at their lower slopes it is sub - mountainous Prizren Field, the Suva Reka and Orahovac Valley and at the higher ones it is typically mountainous. as well as the right bank of the Beli Drim from Within these climatic types, several climatic sub Pećka Bistrica to the Serbia - Albania border. regions are present. Their frontiers are not precise Gradually and practically unnoticeably, it or sharp. Rather, their climatic changes are transforms itself into a moderate continental type gradual and moderate from one sub-region to the which dominates over the remaining valley and other. Key words: Climatic regions, climatic sub-regions, Kosovo and Metohija. 1. INTRODUCTION The climatic regional division of Kosovo and good, but anyway it offers the possibilities of Metohija has been made following the previous observing Kosovo and Metohija climate.
    [Show full text]
  • UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order Online
    UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order online Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Glossary 1. Executive Summary The 1999 Offensive The Chain of Command The War Crimes Tribunal Abuses by the KLA Role of the International Community 2. Background Introduction Brief History of the Kosovo Conflict Kosovo in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Kosovo in the 1990s The 1998 Armed Conflict Conclusion 3. Forces of the Conflict Forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Army Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs Paramilitaries Chain of Command and Superior Responsibility Stucture and Strategy of the KLA Appendix: Post-War Promotions of Serbian Police and Yugoslav Army Members 4. march–june 1999: An Overview The Geography of Abuses The Killings Death Toll,the Missing and Body Removal Targeted Killings Rape and Sexual Assault Forced Expulsions Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions Destruction of Civilian Property and Mosques Contamination of Water Wells Robbery and Extortion Detentions and Compulsory Labor 1 Human Shields Landmines 5. Drenica Region Izbica Rezala Poklek Staro Cikatovo The April 30 Offensive Vrbovac Stutica Baks The Cirez Mosque The Shavarina Mine Detention and Interrogation in Glogovac Detention and Compusory Labor Glogovac Town Killing of Civilians Detention and Abuse Forced Expulsion 6. Djakovica Municipality Djakovica City Phase One—March 24 to April 2 Phase Two—March 7 to March 13 The Withdrawal Meja Motives: Five Policeman Killed Perpetrators Korenica 7. Istok Municipality Dubrava Prison The Prison The NATO Bombing The Massacre The Exhumations Perpetrators 8. Lipljan Municipality Slovinje Perpetrators 9. Orahovac Municipality Pusto Selo 10. Pec Municipality Pec City The “Cleansing” Looting and Burning A Final Killing Rape Cuska Background The Killings The Attacks in Pavljan and Zahac The Perpetrators Ljubenic 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Albanian Families' History and Heritage Making at the Crossroads of New
    Voicing the stories of the excluded: Albanian families’ history and heritage making at the crossroads of new and old homes Eleni Vomvyla UCL Institute of Archaeology Thesis submitted for the award of Doctor in Philosophy in Cultural Heritage 2013 Declaration of originality I, Eleni Vomvyla confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signature 2 To the five Albanian families for opening their homes and sharing their stories with me. 3 Abstract My research explores the dialectical relationship between identity and the conceptualisation/creation of history and heritage in migration by studying a socially excluded group in Greece, that of Albanian families. Even though the Albanian community has more than twenty years of presence in the country, its stories, often invested with otherness, remain hidden in the Greek ‘mono-cultural’ landscape. In opposition to these stigmatising discourses, my study draws on movements democratising the past and calling for engagements from below by endorsing the socially constructed nature of identity and the denationalisation of memory. A nine-month fieldwork with five Albanian families took place in their domestic and neighbourhood settings in the areas of Athens and Piraeus. Based on critical ethnography, data collection was derived from participant observation, conversational interviews and participatory techniques. From an individual and family group point of view the notion of habitus led to diverse conceptions of ethnic identity, taking transnational dimensions in families’ literal and metaphorical back- and-forth movements between Greece and Albania.
    [Show full text]
  • Masterlista E Qendrave Të Votimit 2019 Al
    Kodi i komunës Qendra e votimit Komuna Vendi Shkolla 1 0101C DEÇAN DEÇAN SHKOLLA "VËLLEZËRIT FRASHËRI" 1 0101X DEÇAN DEÇAN SHKOLLA "LIDHJA E PRIZRENIT" 1 0102C DEÇAN DRENOC SHKOLLA "SYLË ALAJ" 1 0103C DEÇAN GRAMAÇEL SHKOLLA "DRITA" 1 0104C DEÇAN PRAPAQAN SH.F.M.U. "JUSUF GERVALLA" 1 0105C DEÇAN STRELLCI I EPËRM SHKOLLA "BAJRAM CURRI" 1 0106C DEÇAN IRZNIQ SH.F.M.U "MAXHUN ÇEKAJ" 1 0107C DEÇAN GLLOGJAN SH.F.M.U. "HERONJËT E DUKAGJINIT" 1 0108C DEÇAN ISNIQ SHKOLLA FILLORE "ISA BOLETINI" 1 0110C DEÇAN LUMBARDHË SHKOLLA "LAN SELIMI" 1 0111C DEÇAN PREJLEP SHKOLLA FILLORE "SYLEJMAN VOKSHI" 1 0112C DEÇAN RASTAVICË SHKOLLA FILLORE "REXHEP KADRIAJ" 1 0113C DEÇAN BELEG SH.F.M.U. "ARDHMËRIA" 1 0114C DEÇAN STRELLC I POSHTËM SH.F.M.U. "DËSHMORËT E KOMBIT" 2 0201C GJAKOVË GJAKOVË GJIMNAZI "HAJDAR DUSHI" OBJEKTI I RI 2 0202C GJAKOVË GJAKOVË SHKOLLA FILLORE "MUSTAFA BAKIJA" E VJETER 2 0202X GJAKOVË GJAKOVË SHKOLLA FILLORE ""YLL MORINA" E RE 2 0203C GJAKOVË GJAKOVË SHKOLLA FILLORE "MAZLLUM KËPUSKA" 2 0203X GJAKOVË GJAKOVË SHKOLLA E MESME "NEXHMEDIN NIXHA" 2 0204C GJAKOVË GJAKOVË SHKOLLA E MESME "KADRI KUSARI " 2 0205C GJAKOVË GJAKOVË SHKOLLA FILLORE "ZEKERIA REXHA" 2 0206C GJAKOVË KRALAN SHKOLLA FILLORE "8 DËSHMORËT" 2 0207C GJAKOVË CËRMJAN SHKOLLA FILLORE "ALI HASI" 2 0208C GJAKOVË BISHTRAZHIN SHKOLLA FILLORE "GJERGJ FISHTA" 2 0209C GJAKOVË LIPOVEC SHKOLLA FILLORE "SHABAN GOLAJ" 2 0210C GJAKOVË PONOSHEC SHKOLLA FILLORE "GANIMETE TËRBESHI" 2 0211C GJAKOVË KORENICË SHKOLLA FILLORE "LUIGJ GURAKUQI" 2 0212C GJAKOVË ROGOVË SHKOLLA "HAXHI HOTI" 2 0213C GJAKOVË DEMJAN SHKOLLA FILLORE "DURAK AHMETI" 2 0214C GJAKOVË SKIVJAN SHKOLLA "UKSHIN MIFTARI" 2 0215C GJAKOVË BEC SHKOLLA FILLORE "AHMET RRUSTEMI" 2 0216C GJAKOVË NOVOSELLË E ULËT SHKOLLA FILLORE "ENGJËLL GJONI" 2 0217C GJAKOVË DAMJAN‐LAGJA SHEHU SHKOLLA FILLORE "KONGRESI MANASTIRIT" 2 0218C GJAKOVË GËRÇINË SH.F.M.U.
    [Show full text]
  • Hiking the Via Dinarica
    Hiking the Via Dinarica 22 Days Hiking the Via Dinarica On this multi-country trek on one of Europe's least-explored mountain ranges, the Dinaric Alps, discover rich cultures and spellbinding landscapes of the Western Balkans. From Slovenia's capital, Ljubljana, across Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Kosovo and down to Albania — the 1,200-mile-long Via Dinarica is every hiker's dream come true. Raft whitewater rapids down Europe's largest canyon, marvel at old-growth forests and glacier-fed lakes, dip into the royal-blue Adriatic Sea, and tour Sarajevo's nostalgic old town. On this epic three-week adventure, the most challenging part is bidding farewell to the beautiful Balkans. Details Testimonials Arrive: Ljubljana, Slovenia "We made our way to the Balkans with a desire and willingness to experience whatever Via Dinarica Depart: Tirana, Albania offered. We enjoyed this stunning region from all angles and left with a great appreciation of its Duration: 22 Days natural and cultural beauty—it was truly difficult to leave." Group Size: 4-15 Guests Jen S. Minimum Age: 18 Years Old "I have traveled extensively around the world. The Activity Level: experience with MT Sobek was by far the best I have ever had. Thank you for such excellence." . Marianne W. REASON #01 REASON #02 REASON #03 The only North American company Follow local expert guides as explore On top of incredibly scenic to take you on this six country six national parks in six Western treks, hikers get to explore adventure, from Slovenia to Albania Balkan countries, and summit historical cities such as Mostar, trek in the Western Balkans.
    [Show full text]
  • Law and Military Operations in Kosovo: 1999-2001, Lessons Learned For
    LAW AND MILITARY OPERATIONS IN KOSOVO: 1999-2001 LESSONS LEARNED FOR JUDGE ADVOCATES Center for Law and Military Operations (CLAMO) The Judge Advocate General’s School United States Army Charlottesville, Virginia CENTER FOR LAW AND MILITARY OPERATIONS (CLAMO) Director COL David E. Graham Deputy Director LTC Stuart W. Risch Director, Domestic Operational Law (vacant) Director, Training & Support CPT Alton L. (Larry) Gwaltney, III Marine Representative Maj Cody M. Weston, USMC Advanced Operational Law Studies Fellows MAJ Keith E. Puls MAJ Daniel G. Jordan Automation Technician Mr. Ben R. Morgan Training Centers LTC Richard M. Whitaker Battle Command Training Program LTC James W. Herring Battle Command Training Program MAJ Phillip W. Jussell Battle Command Training Program CPT Michael L. Roberts Combat Maneuver Training Center MAJ Michael P. Ryan Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Peter R. Hayden Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Mark D. Matthews Joint Readiness Training Center SFC Michael A. Pascua Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Jonathan Howard National Training Center CPT Charles J. Kovats National Training Center Contact the Center The Center’s mission is to examine legal issues that arise during all phases of military operations and to devise training and resource strategies for addressing those issues. It seeks to fulfill this mission in five ways. First, it is the central repository within The Judge Advocate General's Corps for all-source data, information, memoranda, after-action materials and lessons learned pertaining to legal support to operations, foreign and domestic. Second, it supports judge advocates by analyzing all data and information, developing lessons learned across all military legal disciplines, and by disseminating these lessons learned and other operational information to the Army, Marine Corps, and Joint communities through publications, instruction, training, and databases accessible to operational forces, world-wide.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Template
    Acta hydrotechnica 28/49 (2015), Ljubljana Open Access Journal ISSN 1581-0267 Odprtodostopna revija UDK/UDC: 551.311.211:556.536(497.4) Prejeto/Received: 05.04.2016 Pregledni znanstveni članek – Review scientific paper Sprejeto/Accepted: 07.07.2016 THE SAVA RIVER CHANNEL CHANGES IN SLOVENIA SPREMEMBE STRUGE REKE SAVE V SLOVENIJI Matjaž Mikoš1,*, Peter Muck2, Vlado Savić3 1 Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo, Univerza v Ljubljani, Jamova cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija 2 Zaboršt pri Dolu 76A, 1262 Dol pri Ljubljani, Slovenija 3 Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje, Ministrstvo za okolje in prostor, Vojkova 1b, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija Abstract Large alluvial rivers are often subject to changes in their planform, channel form (cross sections), and longitudinal profile of their channels; also due to human interventions such as river navigation and flood protection works. We have shown such temporal changes in two severely modified reaches of the gravel-bed river Sava, the largest river in Slovenia (11,735 km2). The Ljubljanska Sava has significantly changed since the 19th century until today and this is largely due to long-term regulation of its channel, and later due to construction of hydroelectric power stations upstream of this section. The Lower Sava River, downstream of the confluence with the Savinja River, is severely modified due to regulation works and in the last years due to hydro power plants, in the reach at the Nuclear Power Plant Krško also due to the Krško weir. This study contributes to the understanding of fluvial processes when assessing the Sava River sediment budget, especially at the cross section with the Republic of Croatia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Convoluted Road of the Communist Party of Albania: 1941-1948
    E-ISSN 2281-4612 Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol 3 No 6 ISSN 2281-3993 MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy November 2014 The Convoluted Road of the Communist Party of Albania: 1941-1948 Etleva Babameto PhD Candidate at the State University of Tirana [email protected] Doi:10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n6p117 Abstract The Communist Party of Albania, later converted into the Labor Party and subsequently into the Socialist Party, was the only political party ever in Albania until the end of the Cold War leading it upon extreme isolation. As such, it stirs up special consideration. Precisely, this paper is focused on tracing the road accomplished by the Communist Party of Albania from its foundation in 1941 to its derogation into the Labor Party of Albania in 1948. It deals with factors which determined its foundation, its role in the National Liberation movement, its legitimacy, its relations with the Communist Party of Yugoslavia and their implications upon Albanian people. Moreover, the analysis of relations with the Communist Party of Yugoslavia places a significant role in the history of the Communist Party of Albania given that it was founded and controlled through the Yugoslav emissaries in line with the goals, interests and policies of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. Yet, the journey of the Communist Party of Albania cannot be considered detached from national and international situation, namely the other resistance groups, the influence of international factor, strategic importance and attention paid to this country in the context of the Second World War and evolution following the developments both at national and international level in the course of the war years and beyond.
    [Show full text]