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Self-Determined Family Living Division
2009 Clark County Fair Exhibitor Handbook 4-H Family & Consumer Science Division Page 21 of 48 SELF-DETERMINED FAMILY LIVING DIVISION SPINNING Superintendent: Deborah Reida (360) 687-5274 CLASS 675: BLENDING FIBERS 1. On a 3”x 5” index card, state your age and how long you’ve been enrolled in the spinning project. 2. Must provide clean, uncarded fibers of the same fibers used to produce the exhibit. Put the index card and fibers into a small ziplock bag, and attach this to the exhibit. 3. Lots A through E, submit three (3) rolag for each lot. 4. Lots F through J, submit 1 batt for each lot. Points: Blue-7, Red-5, White-3. LOTS: A. Sheep wool/sheep wool - hand carded B. Sheep wool/animal fibers - hand carded C. Sheep wool/natural fibers - hand carded D. Sheep wool/synthetic fibers - hand carded E. Other - hand carded F. Sheep wool/sheep wool - drum carded G. Sheep wool/animal fibers - drum carded H. Sheep wool/natural fibers - drum carded I. Sheep wool/synthetic fibers - drum carded J. Other - drum carded CLASS 680: ROLAGS Have the following information for each exhibit: 1. On a 3”x 5” index card, state your age and how long you have been enrolled in the spinning project. 2. Must provide clean fiber(s) used to produce the exhibit. 3. Lots A through C- submit three (3) rolags each. Put the index card and fibers into a small ziplock bag, and attach this to the exhibit. Points: Blue-6, Red-4, White-2. LOTS: A. -
The Textile Machinery Collection at the American Textile History Museum a Historic Mechanical Engineering Heritage Collection
THE TEXTILE MACHINERY COLLECTION AT THE AMERICAN TEXTILE HISTORY MUSEUM A HISTORIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING HERITAGE COLLECTION Textiles are an important part of our everyday lives. They clothe and comfort us, protect our first-responders, Introduction filter the air in our automobiles, and form the core of the fuselage in our newest aircraft. We enjoy their bright colors, wrap up in their warmth, and seldom give a second thought to how they make bicycles stronger and lighter or how they might be used to repair our vital organs. As textiles have changed from the first simple twisted fibers to high-tech smart fabrics, the tools and machinery used to make them have evolved as well. Drop spindles and spinning wheels have given way to long lines of spinning frames. And looms now use puffs of air instead of the human hand to insert the weft thread in a growing length of fabric. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, textile manufacture was the catalyst for the Industrial Revolution in America. It was the leading edge in the transformation from an agricultural to a manufacturing economy and started the move of significant numbers of people from rural areas to urban centers. With industrialization came a change in the way people worked. No longer controlled by natural rhythms, the workday demanded a life governed by the factory bell. On the consumer side, industrialization transformed textiles from one of a person’s most valuable possessions to a product widely available at incredibly low prices. For more than a century, textile mills in Great Britain and the United States dominated textile production and led the industrial revolution in both Europe and North America. -
Introduction to Spinning Wheels
presents An Introduction to Spinning Wheels: How to Use and How to Choose a Spinning Wheel elcome to the world of handspinning! So, you’ve decided to take the plunge and explore Wthe wonders of making your own yarn with a spinning wheel. Not only are you in for a treat, but you’ve also started at the right place. Learning how to spin your own yarn is pretty easy and straight forward, especially if you have access to great teachers. To make this free eBook, we pulled from some of our best content from the pages of Spin.Offmagazine. The oldest of Interweave’s publications, Spin.Off is a quarterly magazine that has been around since 1977 inspiring spinners new and old to make beautiful yarn and find enchanting ways to use it. We also host the spinning community, spinningdaily.com complete with blogs, forums, and free patterns, Spin.Off Autumn Retreat (SOAR)—an intense and inspirational week with like-minded spinners, and our series of workshop videos where the living treasures of the spinning world share their knowledge with you. We’re devoted to bringing you the best spinning teachers, the newest spinning ideas, and most inspirational creativity right to your mailbox, computer, and ultimately fingertips. We hope you enjoy your spinning journey—come tell us about it at spinningdaily.com. Happy spinning, Amy Clarke Moore [email protected] Indulge your passion for fiber with Spin.Off magazine Spin.Off brings you: • The best teachers teaching the best spinning tricks and techniques • The newest information: fibers, tools, books, events, people, and places • The warmest handspun projects that you can make • The coolest stories of spinning history and tradition Subscribe Now! Call (800) 767-9638 or go to spinoffmagazine.com Copyright Spin.Off® magazine, Interweave Press LLC. -
Spinning Daily Presents Alternative Fibers: the Spinner's Guide To
presents Alternative Fibers: The Spinner’s Guide to Vegan, Natural, and Wool-Free Yarns ©F+W Media, Inc. ■ All rights reserved ■ F+W Media grants permission for any or all pages in this issue to be copied for personal use Spin.Off ■ spinningdaily.com ■ 1 pinners have worked with wool for thousands of years, and with good reason: it dyes easily, wears well, and Scomes from cute sheep. But it’s not the only option available nowadays. We can spin fiber produced from other animals, from plants, or from manufacturing processes. Bam- boo, soy, and corn can all be made into yarn. So can wood pulp and seaweed: if you’ve never heard of Seacell, Modal, or Lyocell, read on. Do all of these spinnable fibers qualify as natural? Are they vegan (i.e., animal-friendly) or at least animal- neutral? How sustainable are the different production methods? It depends on your personal definitions and choices. Some people might see rayon, extruded from wood pulp, as too far removed from Nature, while others might prefer rayon to water-intensive hemp retting. You’ll read about protein and cellulose fibers in the first article, then find others on plant-based fibers, either directly from the plant or processed in some way. If you want to spin something other than wool, you can find the perfect substitute here. Happy spinning, Anne Merrow [email protected] ©F+W Media, Inc. ■ All rights reserved ■ F+W Media grants permission for any or all pages in this issue to be copied for personal use Spin.Off ■ spinningdaily.com ■ 2 What are natural fi bers? BY A MY C LARKE M OORE atural fi bers occur naturally in na- not usually included in the natural fi ber catego- a Nture, naturally. -
GLOSSARY of SPINNING TERMS Batts - Carded Hunks of Fiber As It Comes Off of a Drumcarder Bench – Also Called the Table
GLOSSARY OF SPINNING TERMS batts - carded hunks of fiber as it comes off of a drumcarder bench – also called the table. The table of the spinning wheel on which the wheel and spinning mechanism are mounted bobbin – the shaft of the spool onto which the spun yarn is wound on a spinning wheel carders – (or cards) a pair of brushes used to smooth and straighten fibers for spinning comb - used to process long stapled wool for worsted spinning crimp - amount of curl in a lock of fleece; fine wool is very crimpy distaff – a staff that holds the flax or wool fibers which are drawn from as the spinner needs them when spinning. A distaff can be attached to a belt, mounted on the bench of a spinning wheel, or free-standing. draft - the pulling out of fibers to allow only a certain amount of the fiber to twist into thread drafting triangle – the space between the spun yarn and the fibers being drawn out drive band – the cord carrying the power from the large wheel to the spindle or bobbin/pulley drop spindle – (handspindle) a stick with a weighted whorl that is used to twist fibers into thread ewe – a mature female sheep fiber – the unspun hair/wool/plant material (as opposed to the thread, which is already spun) fleece – the entire coat of wool off of a sheep flyer – the u-shaped device on a treadle spinning wheel that twists the yarn footman – the straight piece of wood or wire that connects the treadle to the axle/crank of a spinning wheel grease wool – (or “wool in the grease”) the unwashed wool as it comes off of a sheep hank – a 560-yard long skein of wool, usually wound on a niddy-noddy or reel knot – a 40-yard strand skein of yarn wound on a reel or a niddy-noddy that measures 2 yards in circumference= 80 yards maidens – (or sisters) two upright pieces of wood that hold the spinning apparatus in a horizontal position. -
Download PDF Here
Words Barbara Coddington & Bella Head Images Richard Humphrys Turn, turn, turn There is a spindle for every purpose. 1) The Majacraft Ultralight is ideal for spinning silk or very fine wool. 2) A heavy whorl, like this one made from a large old doorknob, makes a spindle better for thicker yarns. 3) The hand-carved whorl of this Golding spindle is weighted with a brass ring to increase its spin time and speed. 4) Ashford’s Turkish spindle forms a centre-pull ball as the yarn is spun; its cross arms are removable so the ball is too. Like the Golding, it has an elongated ‘swan’s neck’ hook to secure the yarn. 5) The rose sheoak spindle from Spindlemaker is light and fast—a sporty spindle. 6) A larger, heavier spindle may turn more slowly, giving the spinner more time for drafting. 7–8) The Indian brass takli and the bead-whorl spindle are supported spindles, used with their tip resting on a surface or in a small bowl. They’re most often used for cotton or silk. april 2007 no 6 YARN 1 The spinning wheel as we know it did not come into common use until the mid-16th century so for 9,500 years prior to this, all fabric— from fine Egyptian mummy cloths to blankets to delicate medieval lace ruffles to the huge sails on ships—was made from yarn spun on the humble spindle. making yarn For each of the world’s spinning cultures it seems there is a fleece, right as it has been shorn off the sheep’s back, to different form of spindle—the cross-arm or Turkish spindle, beautifully clean processed tops or roving. -
Introduction to Spinning
what’s “right” is whatever works best for the individual spinner and How to use a niddy-noddy use it, whether you are knitting, AN the fiber. Because drafting methods can be so unique, there is no to make a skein weaving, or doing something else. precise, consistent way of describing them. To wash the skein, fill your When you turn loose fiber into yarn, you make a singles sink with comfortably warm water NTRODUCTION yarn (a single strand), with the fibers all twisted in and add a squirt or two of dishwash- I the same direction. Singles yarn can be finished and ing liquid or shampoo; set the skein Singles used as is, but spinners often take an on top of the water and press it down TO PINNING extra step, twisting two or more gently to get it wet. Let it soak for a few S strands of singles together minutes. Lift the skein out of the water, to make plied yarn, which is drain the basin, and fill with rinse water basic ideas, tools, and terms usually stronger, more uniform, and easier to Plied yarn of the same temperature. Set the skein handle than singles. The simplest plied yarn (this is a two-ply) in the water and press down gently again. twists two singles together in the opposite Remove the skein, drain the water, and repeat the Starting with Wool direction to their original spinning (Z singles, rinse. Squeeze the skein (don’t wring it) to remove excess Sheep’S WOOL IS THE MOST POPULAR FIBER among S plied). -
Textile Manufacturing
VKR TEX - Tutorials Manufacture of All Kinds of Auto loom Fabrics and Natural Dye Fabrics. Website: www.vkrtex.com E-Mail: [email protected] Textile manufacturing Textile manufacturing is one of the oldest of man's technologies. The oldest known textiles date back to about 5000 B.C. In order to make textiles, the first requirement is a source of fiber from which a yarn can be made, primarily by spinning. The yarn is processed by knitting or weaving, which turns yarn into cloth. The machine used for weaving is the loom. For decoration, the process of coloring yarn or the finished material is dyeing. Typical textile processing includes 4 stages: yarn formation, fabric formation, wet processing, and fabrication. The three main types of fibers include natural vegetable fibers (such as cotton, linen, jute and hemp), man-made fibers (those made artificially, but from natural raw materials such as rayon, acetate, Modal, cupro, and the more recently developed Lyocell), synthetic fibers (a subset of man-made fibers, which are based on synthetic chemicals rather than arising from natural chemicals by a purely physical process) and protein based fibers (such as wool, silk, and angora). Hand processing: yarn formation Wool This description is based on the assumption that wool is the fiber being used. For hand-spinning most of the fiber spun is wool, or a blend containing wool. Most animal hair fiber is handled with only a few modifications to the below description. Plant fibers are prepared for spinning very differently. Sheep Shearing A half sheared sheep. The first step in processing the wool is to collect it. -
Spinning and Weaving
Spinning and Weaving Introductory Information . 2 Materials List Your Responsibility . 3 What the Fort Will Provide . 4 Instructions Washing Wool . 4 Picking & Teasing Wool . 4 Carding Wool . 5 Spinning Wool with a Spinning Stick . 5 Dyeing Wool. 6 Weaving on the ELP Loom . 7 Hints from Other Schools . 9 General Information Introduction . 11 2500 years of History on a Page and a Half . 11 Common Processing Steps From the Sheep's Back to Your Back . 13 From the Field to Your Back . 14 Dyeing History . 15 Common Processing Steps for Dyeing . 15 Common Dyes of Sutter's Time . 15 Colored Fabric . 16 Personal Glimpses . 17 Glossary . 20 Weaver's Knot . 22 Bibliography . 23 Spinning and Weaving Page 1 of 23 Revised 7/08 I. GOAL Students will learn about hand spinning and hand weaving on the American frontier of the 1840's. II. OBJECTIVES A. Students will spin wool into yarn and weave that yarn into fabric. By doing this they will gain an understanding of the time involved in the hand manufacture of textiles, and why the people of that time were so thrifty. Instead of discarding scraps of cloth, they used the scraps to make quilts, rag rugs, or to patch holes in garments. Instead of discarding worn garments, they often cut out the most worn parts of a garment and remade it to fit a smaller person. Quilts were often stuffed with old blankets or tattered quilts. B. Students should learn that textile production at Sutter's Fort was not state of the art for the 1840’s. -
Wool Combing and Carding: How to Use Hand Carders, Wool Combs, and Drum Carders
presents Wool Combing and Carding: How to Use Hand Carders, Wool Combs, and Drum Carders Copyright Spin.Off® magazine, Interweave Press LLC. Not to be reprinted. All rights reserved. Spin.Off ■ spinningdaily.com I i ombing and carding your fiber for spinning can be as engaging and delightful an experience as spinning your yarn—especially when you have spinning experts such as CRobin Russo, Carol Rhoades, Susan Douglas, and Rosemary Thomas leading you by the hand. If you’ve always spun commercially prepared fiber, then you’re in for a treat. Spinning from freshly prepared fiber is akin to eating strawberries straight from the strawberry patch or bread hot out of the oven. Get the most out of your fiber combs and cards: learn how to comb and card your wool so that it is ready to spin. Find tips for how to hold your handcards, set up your wool combs, and feed your fiber into the licker-in of your drumcarder. One of the oldest of Interweave’s publications, Spin.Off is a quarterly magazine that has been around since 1977 inspiring spinners new and old to make beautiful yarn and find enchanting ways to use it. We also host the spinning community, spinningdaily.com complete with blogs, forums, and free patterns, Spin.Off Autumn Retreat (SOAR)—an intense and inspirational week with like-minded spinners, and our series of workshop videos where the living treasures of the spinning world share their knowledge with you. We’re devoted to bringing you the best spinning teachers, the newest spinning ideas, and most inspirational creativity right to your mailbox, computer, and ultimately fingertips. -
Spinning Daily Presents: Spinning for Beginners
presents Spinning for Beginners: An Intro to Spinning Fiber elcome to the world of handspinning! So, you’ve decided to take the plunge and explore the wonders of making your own yarn. Not only are you in for a treat, Wbut you’ve also started at the right place. Learning how to spin your own yarn is pretty easy and straight forward, especially if you have access to great teachers. To make this free eBook, we pulled from some of our best content from the pages of Spin.Off magazine. One of the oldest of Interweave’s publications, Spin.Off is a quarterly magazine that has been around since 1977 inspiring spinners new and old to make beautiful yarn and find enchanting ways to use it. We also host the spinning community, spinningdaily.com complete with blogs, forums, and free patterns, and our series of workshop videos where the living treasures of the spinning world share their knowledge with you. We’re devoted to bringing you the best spinning teachers, the newest spinning ideas, and most inspirational creativity right to your mailbox, computer, and ultimately fingertips. We hope you enjoy your spinning journey—come tell us about it at spinningdaily.com. Happy spinning, Amy Clarke Moore Spin•Off magazine, published four times a year, features articles about the ancient and thriving craft of spinning. Each issue highlights the vibrant and diverse spinning community and explores the intricacies of spinning. Travel around the world to learn new spinning techniques, discover new and old spinning tools, and sit down with knowledgeable instructors whose craft and experience will enrich your life! spinningdaily.com ©F+W Media, Inc. -
Spinning Daily a Guide to Handspun Yarn Freemium Relaunch
presents A Guide to Handspun Yarn Y Types of Yarn and How to Spin Them ©F+W Media, Inc. ■ All rights reserved ■ F+W Media grants permission for any or all pages in this issue to be copied for personal use Spin.Off ■ spinningdaily.com i here’s pleasure in letting fiber slip through your fingers in that old familiar way, creating the yarn you’ve been mastering for years. But Tthe longer you spin the yarn that feels most comfortable, the more difficult you may find it to make a new kind of yarn: a new weight, a new drafting method, a new way of holding your hands. A groove can so easily turn into a rut. Think of this collection of articles from past issues of Spin.Off as not only your lifeline out of your well worn spinning path, but as a lab notebook for the most fun set of experiments you’ve ever tried. Try out these techniques and see what you can spin. One of Interweave’s oldest publications, Spin.Off inspires spinners to make beautiful yarn and find enchanting ways to use it. In addition to the quarterly magazine, we also host the spinning community spinningdaily.com, complete with blogs, forums, and free patterns. In our video workshop series, the living treasures of the spinning world share their knowledge. We’re devoted to bringing you the best spinning teachers, newest spinning techniques, and most inspiring ideas—right to your mailbox, your computer, and your very fingertips. Enjoy your spinning journey—and come tell us about it at spinningdaily.com.