Introduction to Linux

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Introduction to Linux Introduction to Linux Steve Bogol [email protected] Part I What is Linux? Linux Mainstream Video Linux Nutshell What is Linux? ● A free operating system created by Linus Torvalds in 1991. ● Based off of Unix using GNU tools and a kernel made by Linus. ● Originally called “Freax” (“free” + “freak” + “X”). ● More focused on multiple users than a single user (Windows/Mac). ● Traditionally command line primary and GUI secondary. ● Free to change and redistribute the changed version. Distributions (distros) Wikipedia: A Linux distribution (often called a distro for short) is an operating system made from a software collection, which is based upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package management system. Top 10 Distributions ...according to distrowatch.com 1. Linux Mint 2. Ubuntu 3. Debian 4. Mageia 5. Fedora 6. OpenSuSE 7. Arch Linux 8. CentOS 9. PCLinuxOS 10. Slackware Evolution of a Distro What Do Supercomputers Use? www.top500.org What does the CRC use? Mostly A few One (my desktop) End Part I Disclaimer: Might not be real. Part II Using Linux Demo Basics, Hints, & Tips Shells What is a shell? “Simply put, the shell is a program that takes your commands from the keyboard and gives them to the operating system to perform. In the old days, it was the only user interface available on a Unix computer. Nowadays, we have graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in addition to command line interfaces (CLIs) such as the shell.” -- linuxcommand.org ● CRC defaults your shell to tcsh. ● The most common shell is bash, which is the default on the majority of distros. ● Even though your CRC account defaults to tcsh, the bash shell is installed. ● You can request your default shell to be bash by emailing [email protected] and politely asking for your default shell to be switched to bash. Connecting to a Remote Server ● Connect using a SSH client. ● A SSH client is standard on a Mac and Linux OS. ● Windows users have to install a SSH client such as Putty. Live Demo Topics ● man ● > and >> ● ls ● chmod ● tab complete ● less ● cd ● find ● mkdir ● scp ● touch ● clear ● cp ● reset ● mv ● wget (curl -o) ● rm ● sudo ● ! ● su ● !$ ● ping ● history ● host ● vi ● which ● view ● for ● cat ● env ● grep ● variables ● | (pipe) ● (x windows) ● echo ● alias FIN Any Questions?.
Recommended publications
  • Leafpad Download
    Leafpad download LINK TO DOWNLOAD Download Leafpad Latest Version for Linux – The last but not least software you can take as an option for a text editor is Leafpad. Have you ever heard about it before? If not, let’s come to define it based on Wikipedia. Well, it is stated that Leafpad is an open source . Download Leafpad for Linux - Leafpad is a GTK based simple text editor. 11/5/ · I n this article, we are going to learn How to install Leafpad Linux text editor in Ubuntu. Leafpad is a nice open-source text editor for Linux. It’s not an advanced text editor like vi but a simple lightweight GTK+ based user-friendly text editor application comes with some basic features mentioned below.. Print documents. Search for any phrase or word & replace it. The Leafpad program tool can be installed in such operational systems, as Linux, FreeBSD and Maemo. Among the disadvantages of the utility is the absence of syntax highlight and the capability of non- printed (system) symbols display. For close acquaintance with the app abilities, just download Leafpad for free from the official web-resource. Leafpad - posted in Linux How-To and Tutorial Section: Leafpad is a basic text renuzap.podarokideal.rues: Display line numbers - Limitless undo/redo Installation instructions are provided below by. Leafpad is not available for Windows but there are plenty of alternatives that runs on Windows with similar functionality. The most popular Windows alternative is Notepad++, which is both free and Open renuzap.podarokideal.ru that doesn't suit you, our users have ranked more than 50 alternatives to Leafpad and loads of them are available for Windows so hopefully you can find a suitable replacement.
    [Show full text]
  • Fedora Astronomy the Benefits for Astronomical Software from Integration Into Linux Distributions
    Fedora Astronomy The benefits for astronomical software from integration into Linux distributions Christian Dersch AG Astronomie, Philipps-Universität Marburg June 27, 2018 History of Fedora Astronomy 2003 Fedora has been founded, successor of Red Hat Linux, some basic packages like cfitsio right from beginning 2008 Fedora SciTech Special Interest Group (SIG) has been founded Fedora Astronomy SIG has been founded 2008 - Packaging of many important astronomical software 2016 Fedora Astronomy Lab released with Fedora 24 Christian Dersch (Uni Marburg) Fedora Astronomy June 27, 2018 2 / 17 Fedora Science & Technology SIG As many packages and tasks are not unique to a specific scientific domain: Fedora SciTech (Science & Technology) SIG has been founded Takes care of packaging of general packages, e.g. Python SciPy-Stack, TeXLive and Sage Package groups for scientific applications Handles questions like handling of BLAS/LAPACK implementations Contact for user questions https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Category:SciTech_SIG Christian Dersch (Uni Marburg) Fedora Astronomy June 27, 2018 3 / 17 Fedora Astronomy SIG The Astronomy SIG works on top of SciTech: Takes care of software and tasks specific for astronomy Creates ready to use live environment (installable): Astronomy Lab Coordinates collaboration with other distribution projects Fedora is “bazaar” style: everyone can follow and contribute, development is transparent, currently 4-5 active members Point of contact for users (Mailing list, IRC etc.) Important: Be interesting for both amateurs and professionals
    [Show full text]
  • Article, Written by Wobo in Early October 2010, Published in Print in Linux User, Issue # 11/2010 (In German)
    Article, written by wobo in early October 2010, published in print in Linux User, issue # 11/2010 (in German) (translated to English for Mageia by wobo) Introduction Numerous economical problems in the French company Mandriva SA have finally been answered by the community: former employees and free developpers have decided to build a plattform to continue the development of the distribution as a free and open community project. Article The 19th September marked a turning point in the history of the Distribution currently known as Mandriva Linux: Several former employees of Mandriva SA announced the intention to found a nonprofit organization that wishes to continue the distribution Mandriva Linux in a fork as a community project [1 ]. The reasons for this step go back to the year 2005: at that time the newcomer Ubuntu appeared on the scene simultaneously with the restructuring of the ailing Mandriva SA (see box of MandrakeSoft to Mandriva on the next spread). While this newcomer gained more and more popularity Mandriva failed to start a positive trend in its business and critical voices in the community arose about the Mandriva management. Mandriva©s business and communication policy met a rising reluctance of users and free developers. A key moment in this crisis was certainly the lay-off of company co-founder Gael Duval, along with popular community leaders (like Adam Williamson) and well known freelancers [2]. Downward trend Despite numerous cuts in various business areas the decline of Mandriva SA continued unabated. In spring 2010 the company was on the brink of bankruptcy and started initial negotiations with interested buyers.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Fmxlinux Delphi's Firemonkey For
    Introduction to FmxLinux Delphi’s FireMonkey for Linux Solution Jim McKeeth Embarcadero Technologies [email protected] Chief Developer Advocate & Engineer For quality purposes, all lines except the presenter are muted IT’S OK TO ASK QUESTIONS! Use the Q&A Panel on the Right This webinar is being recorded for future playback. Recordings will be available on Embarcadero’s YouTube channel Your Presenter: Jim McKeeth Embarcadero Technologies [email protected] | @JimMcKeeth Chief Developer Advocate & Engineer Agenda • Overview • Installation • Supported platforms • PAServer • SDK & Packages • Usage • UI Elements • Samples • Database Access FireDAC • Migrating from Windows VCL • midaconverter.com • 3rd Party Support • Broadway Web Why FMX on Linux? • Education - Save money on Windows licenses • Kiosk or Point of Sale - Single purpose computers with locked down user interfaces • Security - Linux offers more security options • IoT & Industrial Automation - Add user interfaces for integrated systems • Federal Government - Many govt systems require Linux support • Choice - Now you can, so might as well! Delphi for Linux History • 1999 Kylix: aka Delphi for Linux, introduced • It was a port of the IDE to Linux • Linux x86 32-bit compiler • Used the Trolltech QT widget library • 2002 Kylix 3 was the last update to Kylix • 2017 Delphi 10.2 “Tokyo” introduced Delphi for x86 64-bit Linux • IDE runs on Windows, cross compiles to Linux via the PAServer • Designed for server side development - no desktop widget GUI library • 2017 Eugene
    [Show full text]
  • Debian \ Amber \ Arco-Debian \ Arc-Live \ Aslinux \ Beatrix
    Debian \ Amber \ Arco-Debian \ Arc-Live \ ASLinux \ BeatriX \ BlackRhino \ BlankON \ Bluewall \ BOSS \ Canaima \ Clonezilla Live \ Conducit \ Corel \ Xandros \ DeadCD \ Olive \ DeMuDi \ \ 64Studio (64 Studio) \ DoudouLinux \ DRBL \ Elive \ Epidemic \ Estrella Roja \ Euronode \ GALPon MiniNo \ Gibraltar \ GNUGuitarINUX \ gnuLiNex \ \ Lihuen \ grml \ Guadalinex \ Impi \ Inquisitor \ Linux Mint Debian \ LliureX \ K-DEMar \ kademar \ Knoppix \ \ B2D \ \ Bioknoppix \ \ Damn Small Linux \ \ \ Hikarunix \ \ \ DSL-N \ \ \ Damn Vulnerable Linux \ \ Danix \ \ Feather \ \ INSERT \ \ Joatha \ \ Kaella \ \ Kanotix \ \ \ Auditor Security Linux \ \ \ Backtrack \ \ \ Parsix \ \ Kurumin \ \ \ Dizinha \ \ \ \ NeoDizinha \ \ \ \ Patinho Faminto \ \ \ Kalango \ \ \ Poseidon \ \ MAX \ \ Medialinux \ \ Mediainlinux \ \ ArtistX \ \ Morphix \ \ \ Aquamorph \ \ \ Dreamlinux \ \ \ Hiwix \ \ \ Hiweed \ \ \ \ Deepin \ \ \ ZoneCD \ \ Musix \ \ ParallelKnoppix \ \ Quantian \ \ Shabdix \ \ Symphony OS \ \ Whoppix \ \ WHAX \ LEAF \ Libranet \ Librassoc \ Lindows \ Linspire \ \ Freespire \ Liquid Lemur \ Matriux \ MEPIS \ SimplyMEPIS \ \ antiX \ \ \ Swift \ Metamorphose \ miniwoody \ Bonzai \ MoLinux \ \ Tirwal \ NepaLinux \ Nova \ Omoikane (Arma) \ OpenMediaVault \ OS2005 \ Maemo \ Meego Harmattan \ PelicanHPC \ Progeny \ Progress \ Proxmox \ PureOS \ Red Ribbon \ Resulinux \ Rxart \ SalineOS \ Semplice \ sidux \ aptosid \ \ siduction \ Skolelinux \ Snowlinux \ srvRX live \ Storm \ Tails \ ThinClientOS \ Trisquel \ Tuquito \ Ubuntu \ \ A/V \ \ AV \ \ Airinux \ \ Arabian
    [Show full text]
  • SNOWMASS21-Compf2 Compf5-034.Pdf 68.77KB 2020-08-31 13:15:49
    Key4hep Letter of Interest – Snowmass 2021 August 31, 2020 1 Key4hep 2 Letter of Interest 3 Authors: b a b f 4 Placido Fernandez Declara , Frank Gaede , Gerardo Ganis , Paolo Giacomelli , Benedikt b b a b b 5 Hegner , Clement Helsens , Thomas Madlener , Andre Sailer , Graeme A Stewart , Valentin b c;1 d d d d e 6 Volkl , Joseph Wang , Wenxin Fang , Weidong Li , Tao Lin , Jiaheng Zou , Xingtao Huang , g 7 Alexey Zhemchugov 8 a b c d e f 9 DESY; CERN; Twofish Enterprises (Asia) Limited; IHEP; Shandong University; INFN g 10 Bologna; JINR Dubna 11 Introduction 12 Future HEP experiments require detailed simulation and advanced reconstruction algorithms to ex- 13 plore and maximise the physics reach of their proposed machines and to design, optimise, and 14 study detector geometry and performance. To synergize such developments the CEPC [1], CLIC [2], 15 FCC [3], ILC [4], and SCT [5], communities have started the creation of a “Turnkey Software Stack” 16 (Key4hep), which would provide all the necessary ingredients, from simulation to analysis, for future 17 experiments. This approach is based on the positive experience of the linear collider projects ILC 18 and CLIC, that have developed and used a common software stack iLCSoft [6] over the last decade. 19 This would cover most if not all future linear and circular machines colliding electrons, muons and 20 hadrons. The software stack will facilitate writing specific components for experiments ensuring co- 21 herency and maximising the re-use of established packages to benefit from existing solutions and 22 community developments, for example, ROOT, Geant4, DD4hep, Gaudi and podio.
    [Show full text]
  • GNU/Linux for Beginners
    What is Linux? Awesome Applications Linux Manuals: Linux is an independent Unix-like operating system Debian Handbook that can be freely modified and redistributed. It works Debian Users' Manuals on all major 32-bit and 64-bit computer hardware Arch Linux platforms and is an implementation of the POSIX Linux Handbook specification with which all true versions of Unix UbuntuHandbook comply. Linux uses no code from proprietary Unix Making Installation Media: sources, and much of the software available for Linux After downloading the .img or .iso file, install to and is developed by the Free Software Foundation's GNU then boot from USB flash drive . Or b urn the .img project. The result of efforts by thousands of or .iso file to disc. Burning is NOT just copying. programmers coordinating via the Internet, Linux is Linux applications (apps) focus on doing one job well MS Windows® installation tools: now recognized as one of the most stable and flexible RaWrite operating systems available at any price. with communications between applications implemented using well-defined public protocols and balenaEtcher file formats. This modular design has a number of Rufus What Systems Run Linux? advantages, including flexibility, simplicity, and U niversal USB Installer Desktops and Laptops stability. A particular application can be replaced by U N etbootin Linux graphical interfaces such as GNOME or KDE any equivalent which follows the same rules. can replace Mac OS and Windows on the workstation Linux/Unix or Similar installation tools: for most users' needs. Runs on all major PC hardware The resulting freedom of choice leads to friendly The dd command line program.
    [Show full text]
  • Mageia, Successes and Lessons Learned 6 Years After Forking (Slides)
    Mageia, successes and lessons learned 6 years after forking Anne Nicolas – Samuel Verschelde A brief presentation of Mageia How to define Magiea community and distribution Essentials ● A GNU/Linux-based, Free Software operating system, easy for both users and contributors ● A community project, supported by a nonprofit organisation of elected contributors Some figures ● 100 packagers accounts, 3 000 Bugzilla accounts, more than 20 000 bugs ● dev mailing-list (250), general dicussion mailing-list (300), forums (5 600 accounts, 66 000 posts) Why this fork What we wanted ● Give back the control to the community ● Setup all the project organization: governance, teams and collaboration ● Setup a technical and dedicated infrastructure (reliable, maintainable, scalable, replicable) ● Ship a first independant, stable and reliable version without major innovation, upgradable from Mandriva Linux ● Long term goals were not that defined except rescue more than 10 years of history Our organization The autocongratulation slide What we achieved and we are proud of it ● 5 distributions have been released and 6th is on it way ● A real community of users and contributers ● No nasty issues for now on released versions no apocaliptic headline ever:) OK… We may now be using the debian way of releasing : « released when ready » From user to contributer Lowering the entry barriers Facts ● A healthy community project always needs to renew or grow its contributors base. ● Need to attract potential contributors and have them stay. In Mageia ● Welcoming teams (even packagers). ● Joining teams is not just for elite. Anyone motivated and able to work in a team is welcome. ● Mentoring. Help them start in good conditions and learn our way of working together.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Linux?
    What is Linux? ● A computer operating system (OS). ● Based on the UNIX OS (a major server OS). ● Free and open source software (FOSS). ● Available free of cost. ● Runs on nearly every hardware platform: – mainframes, PCs, cell phones, embedded processors ● Heavily used for servers. ● Heavily used in devices with embedded processors. CS Day 2013: Linux Introduction © Norman Carver Computer Science Dept. SIUC Linux?? ● “But I have never heard of Linux, so it must not be very commonly used.” ● “Nobody uses Linux.” ● “Everyone runs Windows.” ● “Linux is too hard for anyone but computer scientists to use.” ● “There's no malware for Linux because Linux is so unimportant.” CS Day 2013: Linux Introduction © Norman Carver Computer Science Dept. SIUC Have You Used Linux? ● Desktop OS? – many distributions: Ubuntu, Red Hat, etc. CS Day 2013: Linux Introduction © Norman Carver Computer Science Dept. SIUC Have You Used Linux? ● Desktop OS? – many distributions: Ubuntu, Red Hat, etc. CS Day 2013: Linux Introduction © Norman Carver Computer Science Dept. SIUC Have You Used Linux? ● Cell phones or tablets or netbooks? – Android and Chrome OS are Linux based CS Day 2013: Linux Introduction © Norman Carver Computer Science Dept. SIUC Have You Used Linux? ● Routers? – many routers and other network devices run Linux – projects like DD-WRT are based on Linux CS Day 2013: Linux Introduction © Norman Carver Computer Science Dept. SIUC Have You Used Linux? ● NAS (Network Attached Storage) devices? – most run Linux CS Day 2013: Linux Introduction © Norman Carver Computer Science Dept. SIUC Have You Used Linux? ● Multimedia devices? – many run Linux CS Day 2013: Linux Introduction © Norman Carver Computer Science Dept.
    [Show full text]
  • Build Your Own Distro Tired of the Run-Of-The-Mill Stuff on Distrowatch? Why Not Heed Mayank Sharma and Create the Perfect Operating System for You?
    Build your own distro Tired of the run-of-the-mill stuff on Distrowatch? Why not heed Mayank Sharma and create the perfect operating system for you? few issues ago, [LXF171, 50 making it your own – by removing apps and Now traditional wisdom says that creating Distros Tested], we looked at drivers that you don’t need and adding the your own Linux system is a rather difficult the best Linux distributions for ones you do. You’ll also probably change the thing to do and shouldn’t be attempted by A all kinds of users. There were factory-fitted artwork that says more about anyone other than Linux veterans. distros that were designed with ease of use the distro vendor than you. We begin the feature with graphical point- in mind, some focused on productivity, Sure that’s one way to go about it. and-click tools. Yes, you read that right. All it while others catered to specialised use You tweak and customise the distro to suit takes is a couple of clicks to craft your very cases, such as security and privacy your requirements. But wouldn’t it be really own flavour of Linux that you can pass to conscious users. But we can guarantee great if you just create your very own, custom friends and family. We’ve got tools that’ll help that there wasn’t a distro designed Linux distribution? you create and distribute customised spins specifically and entirely for you! based on Ubuntu, Fedora and While most Linux users make do OpenSUSE – the three mainstream with one of the mainstream distros out “We’ve got tools that’ll Linux distributions that house there, there’s always something or the help you create and thousands of open source software in other that’s missing.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Ebook ~ Distribusi Linux: Linux, Debian, Puppy Linux
    MKKII7UUHQI9 » Book » Distribusi Linux: Linux, Debian, Puppy Linux, Slackware, OpenSUSE, Kubuntu, Gentoo Linux, Linux... Download Book DISTRIBUSI LINUX: LINUX, DEBIAN, PUPPY LINUX, SLACKWARE, OPENSUSE, KUBUNTU, GENTOO LINUX, LINUX MINT, ZENWALK LINUX, FEDORA, PCLINUXOS Books LLC, Wiki Series, 2016. Paperback. Book Condition: New. PRINT ON DEMAND Book; New; Publication Year 2016; Not Signed; Fast Shipping from the UK. No. book. Read PDF Distribusi Linux: Linux, Debian, Puppy Linux, Slackware, OpenSUSE, Kubuntu, Gentoo Linux, Linux Mint, Zenwalk Linux, Fedora, PCLinuxOS Authored by Sumber: Wikipedia Released at 2016 Filesize: 9.59 MB Reviews The very best publication i at any time study. It really is basic but shocks inside the fifty percent of the ebook. It is extremely difficult to leave it before concluding, once you begin to read the book. -- Marlin Swift An exceptional ebook along with the typeface applied was intriguing to read. It is definitely simplistic but unexpected situations within the fifty percent of the publication. You are going to like just how the writer publish this pdf. -- Adeline O'K on TERMS | DMCA LGF34KA99NB6 » eBook » Distribusi Linux: Linux, Debian, Puppy Linux, Slackware, OpenSUSE, Kubuntu, Gentoo Linux, Linux... Related Books My Little Red Book of Stories & Pictures (New Testament) TJ new concept of the Preschool Quality Education Engineering: new happy learning young children (3-5 years old) daily learning book Intermediate (2)(Chinese Edition) TJ new concept of the Preschool Quality Education Engineering the daily learning book of: new happy learning young children (3-5 years) Intermediate (3)(Chinese Edition) My Little Bible Board Book The genuine book marketing case analysis of the the lam light.
    [Show full text]
  • YOUR LETTERS Got Something to Say? an Idea for a New Magazine Feature? Or a Great Discovery? Email Us: [email protected]
    MAIL YOUR LETTERS Got something to say? An idea for a new magazine feature? Or a great discovery? Email us: [email protected] LINUX VOICE STAR LETTER STUCK IN A RUT I’ve been messing about with information from the internet different kinds of Linux for is at times like drinking water a while now – I started with out of a fire hose. So come Ubuntu, then Kubuntu, which on, Linux Voice – spare me was the easiest way to try the flame wars and let me KDE, then Mageia, because know what I should try next. I figured that it was built for David Jahović, Melbourne KDE, rather than having KDE bolted on to it like Kubuntu. Andrew says: We’ve had a few But now I’m stuck. I know emails in this vein, so we’re that there’s loads of choice planning a distro comparison out there, but sometimes for next issue. Until then, give I feel like using the dread Elementary OS a try. It’s pretty, phrase: “There is too much it’s fast, and we love it! choice”. Truly, getting Elementary OS provides a fresh new spin to the Linux desktop. I ALWAYS FEEL LIKE SOMEBODY’S WATCHING ME I wonder if the seeming lack methods can I use to protect my The only way to be sure of privacy and security on the online life? that you’re not being internet due to either breaches I think all this falls into a larger spied on is to use free or even government agencies category such as even being software.
    [Show full text]