Introduction to Linux Steve Bogol [email protected] Part I What is Linux? Linux Mainstream Video Linux Nutshell What is Linux? ● A free operating system created by Linus Torvalds in 1991. ● Based off of Unix using GNU tools and a kernel made by Linus. ● Originally called “Freax” (“free” + “freak” + “X”). ● More focused on multiple users than a single user (Windows/Mac). ● Traditionally command line primary and GUI secondary. ● Free to change and redistribute the changed version. Distributions (distros) Wikipedia: A Linux distribution (often called a distro for short) is an operating system made from a software collection, which is based upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package management system. Top 10 Distributions ...according to distrowatch.com 1. Linux Mint 2. Ubuntu 3. Debian 4. Mageia 5. Fedora 6. OpenSuSE 7. Arch Linux 8. CentOS 9. PCLinuxOS 10. Slackware Evolution of a Distro What Do Supercomputers Use? www.top500.org What does the CRC use? Mostly A few One (my desktop) End Part I Disclaimer: Might not be real. Part II Using Linux Demo Basics, Hints, & Tips Shells What is a shell? “Simply put, the shell is a program that takes your commands from the keyboard and gives them to the operating system to perform. In the old days, it was the only user interface available on a Unix computer. Nowadays, we have graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in addition to command line interfaces (CLIs) such as the shell.” -- linuxcommand.org ● CRC defaults your shell to tcsh. ● The most common shell is bash, which is the default on the majority of distros. ● Even though your CRC account defaults to tcsh, the bash shell is installed. ● You can request your default shell to be bash by emailing [email protected] and politely asking for your default shell to be switched to bash. Connecting to a Remote Server ● Connect using a SSH client. ● A SSH client is standard on a Mac and Linux OS. ● Windows users have to install a SSH client such as Putty. Live Demo Topics ● man ● > and >> ● ls ● chmod ● tab complete ● less ● cd ● find ● mkdir ● scp ● touch ● clear ● cp ● reset ● mv ● wget (curl -o) ● rm ● sudo ● ! ● su ● !$ ● ping ● history ● host ● vi ● which ● view ● for ● cat ● env ● grep ● variables ● | (pipe) ● (x windows) ● echo ● alias FIN Any Questions?.