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Reconfiguration of the Zimbabwe Geological Survey 11 ZIMBABWE Reconfiguration of the Reconfiguration of the ZimbabweZIMBABWE Geological Survey1 Geological Survey December 2016 Zimbabwe Economic Policy Analysis and Research Unit (ZEPARU) 55 Mull Road, Belvedere, Harare. Zimbabwe Te l: +263 4 778 423 / 785 926/7 Fax: +263 4 778 415 1Research Team: Dr. Gibson Chigumira (Team Leader, Executive Director of ZEPARU); Dr. Antony Mamuse, (Executive Email: [email protected] Dean, Faculty of Mining & Mineral Processing Engineering, Midlands State University); Mr. Cornelius Dube (ZEPARU Website: www.zeparu.co.zw Senior Research Fellow) and Mr. Wellington Matsika (ZEPARU Research Fellow). December 2016 Zimbabwe Economic Policy and Research Unit - ZEPARU CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................... iv FOREWORD .........................................................................................................................v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... vii 1. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................1 1.1 Objectives of the Study .........................................................................................1 1.2 Outline of the Study ..............................................................................................2 2. METHODS OF RESEARCH ...........................................................................................3 3. LEGAL status OF THE ZIMBABWE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (ZGS) ........................4 4. HISTORY OF THE ZIMBABWE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ............................................9 4.1 1910-1929 .............................................................................................................9 4.2 1930-1949 ...........................................................................................................11 4.3 1950-1960 ...........................................................................................................13 4.4 1961-1969 ...........................................................................................................13 4.5 1970-1979 ...........................................................................................................14 4.6 1980-1989 ...........................................................................................................15 4.7 1990-2016 ...........................................................................................................16 5. LESSONS FROM THE HISTORY OF THE ZGS ..........................................................19 6. STRUCTURE OF THE ZGS .........................................................................................22 7. THE ZGS IN THE EYES OF FORMER AND CURRENT EMPLOYEES ......................23 8. ZGS IN THE EYES OF CLIENTS .................................................................................27 8.1 Members of the public and mineral prospectors .................................................27 8.2 Geological Society of Zimbabwe .........................................................................28 9. GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS WOrldwIDE ....................................................................31 10. STUDY TOURS............................................................................................................41 10.1 Study tour to the Council for Geoscience, South Africa .....................................41 10.2 Study tour of the Geological Survey of Namibia (GSN) ......................................43 10.3 Summary of the CGS and GSN study tours ........................................................46 ii Reconfiguration of the Zimbabwe Geological Survey 11. PROPOSED RECONFIguratION OF THE ZGS .....................................................47 11.1 ZGS vision and strategy .......................................................................................47 11.2 Legal status, mandate and powers.......................................................................47 11.3 Functions: expand or rebuild traditional functions? .............................................48 11.4 Funding model: what non-treasury supplementary sources could be explored? 49 11.5 Human and material resources............................................................................50 12. RECOMMENdatIONS ...............................................................................................51 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................54 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. National budget allocations to ZGS, 2009 to 2017 .............................................18 Figure 2. Proposed new structure of the Zimbabwe Geological Survey. ...........................21 Figure 3. Organisational structure of the BGS ...................................................................32 Figure 4. Funding and resourcing of the BGS for the 2014/ 2015 financial year. ................33 Figure 5. Organisational structure of the Geological Survey of Tanzania. ..........................34 Figure 6. Organisational structure of the Namibia Geological Survey ...............................35 Figure 7. Organisational structure of South Africa’s CGS. .................................................42 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. A comparison of legal status, management, and functions of the CGS and ZGS ...............................................................................................................5 Table 2. Views of former ZGS employees on the ZGS. ...................................................23 Table 3. Views of current ZGS employees on the ZGS. ...................................................25 Table 4. Suggestions from members of the public on reconfiguration of the ZGS ...........27 Table 5. Summary of information about other Geological Surveys...................................36 Table 6. Responses from key contact personnel from other Geological Surveys. ............39 iii Zimbabwe Economic Policy and Research Unit - ZEPARU ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was supported with funding from Governance and Institutional Support Project (GISP) under African Development Bank (AfDB) Grant No. 5900155026366, and Project ID No. P-ZW-KF0-005. The study team acknowledges the input and support provided by diverse stakeholders in the minerals sector and who participated during inception workshop and validation workshops; current employees and former employees of the Zimbabwe Geological Survey (ZGS); members of the Geological Society of Zimbabwe, clients of ZGS and personnel from selected Geological Surveys who responded to questionnaires and key informant interviews. The support provided by the leadership of the Ministry of Mines and Mining Development is greatly appreciated. In particular, special thanks go to Ministry of Mines and Mining Development officials Mr. Mabasa Temba Hawadi, (Director of the ZGS) and Mr. John Makandwa (Director of Mining Promotion& Development)for their input and insights and for being part of the study tour of the Council for Geosciences (CGS) in South Africa, and the inception and validation workshops. Profound appreciation goes to the staff of the CGS South Africa and the staff of the Geological Survey of Namibia (GSN) for facilitating study tours to their respective institutions and for sharing their knowledge and insights during the study tours. Former ZGS chief field geologists Tim J. Broderick and Peter Fey are thanked for their insightful reviews, suggestions and comments on a draft version of this report. While the study was done on behalf of the Ministry of Mines and Mining Development with funding from AfDB, the views expressed in this report do not necessary reflect the views of the Ministry or AfDB. The authors bear full responsibility of all the errors and omissions. ISBN: 978-0-7974-7136-8 iv Reconfiguration of the Zimbabwe Geological Survey FOREWORD The role of geological surveys in the socio-economic development of any country can never be overemphasized. Geological surveys collect, monitor, update, archive, process and provide national geo-scientific information which is fundamental for the economic, social, and environmental development of a country. For instance, they provide information which is necessary for the exploration, development and exploitation of mineral wealth; the development of infrastructure such as railroads, dams and cities; the understanding and prevention of geo-hazards such as earthquakes, landslides and volcanoes. Geoscientific information is also required for land use and land use planning. A well-developed and equipped Geological Survey is required for the generation of geoscientific information and knowledge that will inform policies that foster development of the minerals sector and influence investment decisions in the sector. The Zimbabwe Geology Survey (ZGS) is one of the oldest scientific institutions in the country established in 1910. Its good performance in the past stimulated mineral exploration interest in the country leading to discoveries of some of the world-class mineral deposits. However, the current state of ZGS is in stark contrast with past performance when it was well resourced, and is not consistent with the ZGS vision of becoming a world class geological survey. Among other challenges that the ZGS face include lack of a statute that establishes and clearly defines its mandate,
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