Daniel Arraj, Samuel Elliott, Cleveland State University

History: Figure: Electric Vehicle Propulsion ● Electric vehicles predate internal combustion engines Fully Electric: System ● Using the invention of the battery (1800) and the continuously rotating motor the ● A battery is charged off first model of an electric vehicle was made in 1828 grid electricity which runs a ● In 1881 improvements to the lead battery that made it possible to mass produce electric motor to turn the is what made the electric vehicle a practical form of transportation wheels ● Golden age of electric vehicles were from 1880 - 1900 ● Challenges include high initial cost, long charge ● In 1899 the electric car outsold both the times, reduced driving steam and internal combustion engines distance, and less cargo and was the first vehicle to break the space 100 km/h speed barrier at 105.88 km/h ● In 1909 Henry Ford's model T took control of the market though electric vehicles hit a peak of 30,000 units in the United States in 1912 ● Any companies left that made electric Hybrid: cars went out of business in 1929 at the ● Uses both an electric battery and internal combustion engine in either start of the Great Depression series or parallel. Picture: La Jamais Contente ● In series the internal combustion engine charges the electric battery. ● In parallel both can power the wheels independently or together. Future Developments: ● Increases the efficiency of both power sources by combining them. ● One major draw back to the electric vehicle has always been its limited range when compared to traditionally powered vehicles. One way Tesla is working to solve this issue is by installing rapid charging station networks in city's like Palo Alto California. ● Tesla has also announced its plan to build a 5 billion dollar “Giga factory” for battery production. ● Even though electric cars are seen as largely environmentally friendly the processes use in creating the lithium ion batteries that most electric vehicles use have the potential to create very harmful byproducts. ● Another major concern that has developed is battery degradation. A process where over time the battery is not able to hold its maximum charge and reduces the total range of travel