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Veterinary Mkrobiology Veterinary Microbiology 227 (2018) 1-7 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Veterinary Mkrobiology J~~rnal ~omepage: www.els~vier:com/loc'!te/vetmic ELSEVIER . .' '.. ~"'. ' .. Molecular characterization of bovine ephemeral fever virus in Thailand between 2013 and 2017 a b c a Thanawat Chaisirirat , Pradit Sangthong , Pipat Arunvipas , Nantawan Petcharat , d e Nattarat Thangthamniyom , Wilairat Chumsing , Porntippa Lekcharoensuka,d,* a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50th Ngamwongwan Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, ThaUand b Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50th Ngamwongwan Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, ThaUand C Department of Large Animals and Wddlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand "'-Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food (CASAF), KU Institute of Advances Studies, Kasetsart University, 10900, Thailand e Department ofFarm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is an arthropod-borne disease caused by bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), a Bovine ephemeral fever virus negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus. BEFY is endemic in tropical and sub-tropical regions including Molecular epidemiology Thailand, a country in mainland Southeast Asia. However, there are few studies on BEFV and no available Phylogenetic analysis information regarding molecular characteristics of BEFV in Thailand. Therefore, the aims of this study were to Whole genome sequencing genetically characterize Thai BEFVs and reveal their evolutions by phylogenetic analysis of G gene ectodomain Thailand sequences. From 2013 to 2017, blood samples were collected from bovine that matched with BEF case definition from three regions of Thailand. Thai BEFY G genes and a whole genome of an isolate, East Asia/l'H;i.RI0045/ 2016, were sequenced and characterized. Additionally, their phylogenies were constructed. This is the first report on genetics of BEFV in Southeast Asia. G ectodomain encoding region of Thai BEFY found during 2013-2017 are closely related to the second and third sub-clades of East Asia lineage. In addition, we observed mutation in the putative P' ORF of all Thai BEFVs which generated a premature stop codon. Thai G gene se­ quences are closely related to those of mainland Chinese and Taiwanese isolates. The whole genomic sequences ofThai BEFV and East Asia/China/JT02 L/2002 possess common characteristics, suggesting shared evolutionary relationship between East and Southeast Asian strains. Further studies on relationship between animal trans­ location, circulation of BEFY in Greater Mekong subregion and acquisition of more G gene sequences may improve understanding of BEFY epidemiology in mainland Southeast Asia. 1. Introduction 52 kDa nucleoprotein (N), 43 kDa phosphoprotein (P), 29 kDa matrix protei~ (M), 81 kDa glycoprotein (G) and 180 kDa RNA-dependent RNA Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) or three-day sickness is an arthropod­ polymerase (L) (Walker et al., 1991). borne disease caused by bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). BEFV is a Cattle (Bos taurus and Bas indicus) and water buffalo (BubaIu.s bu­ negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus in order Mononegavirales, balis) are the main animals susceptible to the disease (Young, 1979; family Rhabdoviridae and genus Ephemerovirus (Walker and Klement, Davies et al., 1993). Production losses are due to reducing sperm pro­ 2015). The viral genome size is 14,900 nucleotides that consists of 10 duction in sick bull leading to sterility with the 6 months duration, ORFs which are; 3'-N-P-M-G-[GNs-a1-a2-13-y]-L-5' (Walker and significantly decreasing milk production in dairy cows, affecting meat Klement, 2015). Each ORF is flanked with regulatory sequences con­ quality in beef cattle, and limiting trade of live cattle from infected zone taining transcription initiation signal (AACAGG) and transcription ter­ (Davis et al., 1984; Walker, 2005; Aziz-Boaron et aI., 2014). Host in­ mination signal (CATGAAAAAA). The virion structure is bullet-like fected with BEFV displays clinical signs ranging in severity from mild to with envelope which is composed of 5 structural proteins including death. BEF has high morbidity rates but mortality rates are usually low. • Corresponding author at: Department of Microbiology and ImlT,unology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50th Ngamwongwan Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand. E-mail address:[email protected] (P. Lekcharoensuk). https://doLorgIl0.1016/j.vetmic.2018.10.013 Received 24 August 2018; Received in revised form 12 October 2018; Accepted 12 October 2018 0378-1135/ © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. '''-. i.rc.r ..•,..... ­ ,~, •>.' .
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