Fifth Annual INDIAN CONFERENCE

Humboldt State University Arcata, California October 12 - 15, 1989 Fifth California Indian Conference

Sponsored by Humboldt State University

LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS & PROGRAM COMMITTEE

VictorGolla (HSU Native American Swdies& Center forCommunity Development), Chair

JoanBerman (HSU L ibrary) SuzanneBurce ll-Price(HSU Centerfor Community Dev elopment) Janet Eidsness(Archaeological Consultant) MarieJohnson (HSU Departmentof Art) JackNorton (HSU NativeAmerican Swdi es) JanaRivers (HSU Native AmericanStudies)

Conference Staff NancyHill, OfficeManager Gina Lindow, Films & Videos JeanPerry, Banquet Arrangem ents Roxanne Ruiz, Registration

General Information

Registration. The Conference Registration and InfonnationCenter will belocated in the lobby of the Van uzeD r Theatrein the heartof the HSU campus(nwnber 1 on themap). Registrationwill beginat 5:30 pm, Thursday, October12, and the table will bestaffed from 8 am to5 pmon Fridayand Saturday. TheConfere nce registration fee is 15.$ Swdentsand members of Indian communities may registerat a specialrate of $5. An additional ticketwill berequired forthe ConferenceBanquet on Fridayevening, October13. Certaine venls areopen to the public freeof charge.

Parking. On-campus parking is available on Thursdayand F ridayfor a $1.50 fee. Daily permitscan be purchas ed in machines in most lots(park only in areasmarked "General Parkin g"). On the weekend no feeis charged. For furtherin fonnationon Thursdayand Friday,inquire at the parking kiosk on Harpst Street (no. 2 on the campus map).

Film/video screenings. A programof films and videoson CaliforniaIndian subjectswill beshown during the conference in Room221, Gist Hall (no. 7 on map). Schedule availableat the registrationtable.

ArtExhib its, etc. Several specialexh ibitsof California Indian artcan be see n on the campusthis week. These include:

• Administering My Sacred, a specialCalifornia IndianConf erence showof thewo rk of contemporaryIndian artists fromNorthern California, c uratedby BrianTripp & Libby Maynard. In the ReeseBull en Gallery (Art Building, no. 3 on map).

• An exhibit of the artwork of Indians wdents. Foyer Gallery (ArtBuil ding).

• Poster exhibit in the Karshner Lounge (outside Kate Buchanan Room,U niversity enteC r, no. 4 on map).

There are alsobook , poster,and art sale s tables at theConferenc e Registrationand Informa tion Center (Van Duzer TheatreLobby, n o. 1 on map). ". ..

SCHEDULE OF EVENTS

ThursdayEvening, October 12

RECEPTION, EXIDBIT OPENING Ruse Bullen Gallery,Art Building 5 :30 - 7:30 pm

Receptionfor Conference participants (hosted by theHSU Department of Art),celebrating the opening of Administering My Sacred, a special showof the work of well-knownNathan California Indian artists, cur3ICd byBr ian Tripp and Libby Maynard. Indianartists representedin the show include (among others): George Blake, Loren Bolilmelyn, Charley Burns, Frank LaPena, DebbieMcConn ell, Karen Noble, BrianTripp, Fr ank Tuttle,and JacqueWinter. Anexhibition of the workof several student artists will beopening at thesame time in lheFoyer Galleryof the ArtBuilding.

SPECIAL LECTURE Rooml02,ArtBuilding 7:30- 9:00pm

�30 George Blake (HSU IndianArtist in Residence, Fall 1989) willdiscuss his work in anillus­ tratedlecture.

Friday Morning,October 13

1-01 EARLY CONTACT INCALIFORNIA Jolly GianlLowage 8:00-11 :45 am

Organiz.er/Chair: LeeDavis (Lowie Museum, UC-Berkeley) V 8:00 Lee Davi41 First Contact Indians of NorthwestCalifornia 8:30 JOHIgnacio Rivera CaliforniaIndian Vaqueros: Amongthe First Western American Cowboys

9:00 Willia m S. Simmo� Between Mythand History: NativeCalifornian Legends of European Contact

9:30 Break

9:45 MalcolmMarg olin ThisLand Abowids in Fish and Game of Every Description

10:15 Glenn J. Farris A PeaceTreaty Between MarianoVallejo andSatiyomi ChiefSuccara in1835

10:45 VirginiaP. Miller TheHudson's Bay Companyin Round Valley

11:15 Edward D. Catillo A Review ofthe Literature and Documentsthat Reflect California Indian Perspectiveson Hispanic Colonization, 1769-1846

1-02 SPIRITUALITY AND CULTURAL INTERPRETATION GoodwinForum 8:00- 11 :15 am

Volunteeredpapers. Chair: John Lowell Bean (Hayward State Univ.)

8:00 LisaAnn Mertz Let theWind TakeCare of Me: The Initiation of a Spiritual Leader Fifth California Indian Conference

8:30 Royal Alsup The ofMau Evil: The SideDark of Shamanism

9:00 RaymondB. Cook M�. theDivine Rightof Kings, andManifest Destiny: A Layman Wmdcrs

9:30 Break

9:45 lbomas Buckley WorldRenewal as Discourse

10:15 CluilLoetber Ceremony asPerfmmance: Ethnography of theWestern Mono Cry-Dance

10:45 GregSarris Fieldworkas Culture Contact and Cultural Critique: MabelMcKay's Model

1-03 Workshopon NATIVE AMERIC� ISSUESAND THE LEGISLATIVE ADVOCACY PROCF.SS: FINDING A VOICE (Seuioll1) Room106. Nelson Hall East 8:00- 11 :30 am

A workshopon effective advocacy, organized by Rev. EricPeterson-Kindem

1-04 MULTIMEDIAPRESENTATIONS Room 221. Gist Hall 11:45 am-1 :15 pm

11:45 Faith Fjeld Mixed Messages

12:30 Loi.1Robin IndianGhosts at California Missions

FridayAfternoon, October 13

1-05 ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOHISTORY JollyGiant Lounge 1 :00- 5 :00pm

Volunteeredpapers. Chair: Victor Golla {HSU)

1:00 Karen M. Nun Mortars= Acorns= Penutians, Metates= Seeds= Hokans: A False Dichotomyin Californian ArchaeologicalTheory?

1 :30 Richard S. Levy TheNames of SantaCruz

2:00 Sally McLendon "VastlyMore Intelligentand Better Informed": WilliamRalganal Benson (1862-1937)

2:30 · VictoriaKaplan Patterson A Brief Ethnohistory of theCo velo IndianCommunity

3:00 Break

3:15 Sally McLendon 18thand Early 19thCentury Northwest California Objects in Europe.an MuseumCollections [slide presentation]

3:30 Dan O'Gara In Se.arch of Lagoon Charlie

3:45 Ray Raphael Little White Father:The Story of Agent Redick McKee

4:15 Arnold R. Pilling AlexandecSmith Taylor, EarlyCalifornia Ethnologist: AnUp-Date Fifth California Indian Conference

1-06 WorkshopOD NATIVE AMERICAN ISSUESAND mE LEGISLATIVE ADVOCACY PROCESS: FINDINGA VOICE (session 2). Room 106,NelsonHall East :00-I 5:00pm

Continuationof a workshopon effective advocacy, organu.ed by Rev. EricPeterson-K.indem.

1-07 TRAILS TOWARD TAKIMILDIN GoodwinFonun 1:00-2:00pm

Organizer/Chair: JanaL. Rivers(HSU)

Thispanel will aploreand upa,uJ the concept ofsacred geography as it rela1es tothe people of Hoopa Valley. Thesanctity ofplace, il.s preurvation, protectionand the comprehension of ils cultwal andspiritual significance,wUl beapproached through a/our-sidedconlin,uun. v 1:00 LeeDav.i J 1:15 Bill Johnson v 1:30 Jack Norton 1:45 Jana L. Rivers

1-08 NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SACRED SITES GoodwinForum 2:15 -3:15 pm

Volunteeredpapers. Chair: Jack Norton(HSU) V 2:15 Arlene Benson& FloydBuckskin PowerPlaces V 2:45 John Littleton IndianRock Transformation Myths � a Reflectionof SacredSpace

1-09 . CALIFORNIA INDIANS AND PUBLIC LANDS: COOPERATION IN MANAGING RESOURCES FOR THE PRESENTANDfflE FlITURE GoodwinForum 3:30- 5:30pm

Organizer/Chair: SoniaTamez (USDA-ForestService)

Thedu betMen CaliforniaIndians and the land havealways been strong. However, thechanging patterns of landaltd use ownership in the state conlributed have to an even grealerinterest inlands andresources now managedby state andfederal agencies. Thisusnon will discussvarious activiMs undertolun bypublic agencusand California Indian communities working together to conserve,protect and interpretculturally importantlands, resources andtraditions. Thepresentations emphasize current,specific projects inCalifornia and inOregon. Manyof theparticipants will introdllce vuuos or slides illustratingcooperative activiMs and invile discussion bythe audience.

3:30 John Larson & John Hunter (USDA-ForestSe:rvice)

3:50 Robert Laidlaw (US Bureauof LandManagement)

4:10 E.Breck Parkman [CaliforniaDepL of PartsRecreation] &

4:30 Ann King Smith [Redwood NationalPark) Fifth California Indian Conference

4:50 Jim Woodward (Societyfor CaliforniaArchaeology)

5:10 Discussion. DiscussanJs: LarryMyers. Dorothea1beodoratus

Friday Eve,aing, October 13

CONFERENCE BANQUET Merryman's BeachHouse, MoonstoM Beach 6:00• 10:00pm

Theconference banquet will be a salmonbarbecue, prepared in traditional pit fashion. Tickets($7) are limited. andmmt be purclwedin advanceat theregistration table (Van D07.Cr Lobby). Theatre Merryman's BeachHouse is located on MoonstoneBeach, about3 milessouth of Trinidad. DIRECTIONS: Take Highway 101 northHS from U. Tmn offat the"Weslhaven" exiL Afterexiting, 1ur11 leftto the and go under theunderpus. At the bottom of thehill 1ur11left again, following the sign to Moonstone Beach. Mmyman'srestaurant is on theright in about 200yards. Drivepast the main restaurant andits parkinglot, downthe hill to thebeach.

Saturday Morning, October 14

2-01 ADMINISTRATION OF THE SACRED: RELIGIOUS SITES AND PUBLIC ISSUES IN THE UNITED ST ATES Kare BuchananRoom, UniversityCenter 8:30 - 11 :30 am

Organi7.Cr/Cilair: RobertM. Laidlaw (US Bureau of Land Management) In thelast two sessions of Congress, over 30 p�ces of legislation haveaddressed the relationship ofpublic age��s to thepractices and preservation of sacredrig hisand places. Over 32% ofthe land in theUniled Stares(48% inCalifornia) is underthe jurisdjcrion of the Federal government and its agencies. Thevast majorilyof tra{ijtionaJ Native American cultural and religiously significant places are locatedaway from the urbancenters on these "public lands." In thelast few .,ears, the challenge of addressing thecultural concerns ofNative People hasbecome a realand apparent issue/or Federal agenc�s.

Concernsover cultural identity and the protection of culturalvalues cross-cuis a broadrange of relationships betweentra{ijtionaJ peoples and governmental agenc�s. Fundamentalissues J11Clude the identification and definitionof a concept ofsacred place, accessand land use, potential conflic:s withot her publics or landuses, andthe development of sensitiveand responsive toolsfor addressing cultural values in carrying oUlthe legal mandatesFederal of agencies.

Thissasion will draw together Tribalrepresentalives, State andFe.deral government officialsand legal specialists. Participanlswill address Federal law, emerging legislation, governmental andprograms trends -with respectto theprotection of tradilionalNative American religious practice.

8:30 Manuel Medeiros (DeputyAttorney General. State of California) Principlesof Religious Freedom andAmerican Religious Indian Freedom

8:50 WeldonJohnson (ColoradoRiver Tribes & Ariwnalntertribal Council) Building a Bridge: Tribal andAgency Programs for theManagement of Cultural Values

9:10 KarenFunk (Hobbs, Straus, Dean& Wilder,Washington, DC) TheRegulation of Religion: FederalLaw, Regulation, and American IndianReligious Practice

9:30 LarryMyers (California NativeAmerican Heritage Commission) StateAgency Relationships and Responsibilities and California Indian Communities Fifth California Indian Conference

9:50 Break

10:00 RWl&ell Kaldenberg (US Bureauof LandManagement) Entitlement orEstablishment: AmericanCultural Indian Traditiom and Fedenl Agencies ✓ 10:20 AJloganSlagel (� for AmericanIndian Affairs) Legislative Trends in Addressing AmericanIndian Religiom Freedom

�0:40 Alan Downer (NavajoTribe) TribalManagement of SacredPlaces

/ 11:00 Discussion. Discmwits: Dwight Dutscbke (NativeAmerican Program Coordinaui, V California Office of Historic Preservation); Francis P. McManamon (Chief,Archaeological Assistance,National Parlt Service)

2-02 . LANGUAGE, NARRATIVEAND SONG Room102, Art Building 8:30 -11 :15am

Volunteeredpapers. Oiair tobeannounced.

8:30 Jean Perry lshi's Plants

9:00 Paul V. Kroskrity& ChrisLoetber WesternMono NarrativeStyle Revisited

9:30 Herb Lutbin YahiNarrative Composition

10:00 Break

10:15 William Shipley TheMaidu Myth of Creation

10:45 Leanne Hinton TheWintu Songs of GraceMcKibbin

2-03 RUNNING GRUNIONSPEAKS Room 102,Art Building 11 :30 om- noon

11:30 Abel Silvas("Running Grunion"), pantomime/comedy

DEMONSTRATIONS OF TRADmONAL NORTHWF.ST CALIFORNIAINDIAN FOODS AND CRAFTS GoodwinForwn 11 :30 am-1 :30 pm

Organizedby Jack Norton and studentsin theHSU Native AmericanStudies Program

Saturday Afternoon,October 14

2-04 WORKSHOP ON PUBLIC POLICYAND SACRED LANDS KateBuchanan Room, UniversityCenter 1 :30 -3:00pm

Shortpresentations and opendiscussion of thewoes raised in themorning session on "Administrationof the Sacred." Scheduledpresenters include: Ruaell Kaldenberg, Manuel Medeiros, TimMcKay, and ChristopherPeters. Othersinvited are to make statements and join inthe discussion as time allows. Fifth California Indian Conference

2-05 ISSUES IN INDIAN EDUCATION AND POLICY Room102, An Building I :30 - 3 :00pm

Vohmteeredpapen. Chairto beannowiced.

I :30 MarthaMacri LanguageTeaching: A WiderRange of Options

2:00 JanGoslin Implementing theIndian Child Welfare Act inCalifornia

2:30 J• IgnacioRivera TheState Indian Museum and the GeneralPlan: Historyand Options

2"°' PLENARY SESSION: REPATRIATION AND REBURIALOF INDIANREMA INSAND SACRED OBJECTS IN SCIENTIFICCOLLECTIONS KaleBuchanan Room, University Center 3:15 - 5:30 pm

Shortpresentations and open discussion. Scheduled presentersinclude: Cheryl Jeuica Adams (CSU-Otico); Barbara Bocek(Stanford University); RobertJunnain (San Jose State University); MichaelMoratto (INFOTEC); Larry Myen (NativeAmerican Heritage Commission); Florence Shipek (San Diego). Othersare invitedto make statementsand join in the discussionas time allows.

CONCLUDING CEREMONY Kale BuchananRoom, UniversityCenter 5:30 - 6:00pm

Dancers from theHoopa Elementary School Title V Program.

Saturday Evening, October 14

EVENINGPROGRAM KateBuchanan Room, UniversityCenter 7:30 - 9:30 pm

7:30 IntergeneralionalSinging A program of traditionalNorthwest California Indian songs, with singers fromall generations, organizedby Loren Bommelyn.

9:00 Myth Dramatization of a traditionalNorthwest California Indian myth by studentsfrom the HSU Native AmericanStudies Program, directed by Jack Norton.

Sunday Morning, October 15

BUS TOUR Leavesfrom the LibraryCircle, 9:00am; return 1 :30 pm

A guidedtour places to ofhistoric and culturalinterest in traditionalWiyot and Coast tenitory. The tourwill visit Gunther(Indian) Island; the archaeologicalsite at theArcata Sports Complex; Tsurai villageand Trinidad Harbor; reconstructedYurok houses at Patticlr:'s Point StatePark; Big Lagoon; Stone Lagoon (Tsapekw); andthe Redwood National Park Interpretive Center at Orick. ThetolD' is free to conferenceregistrants, but seatsmust be reserved in advance; inquireat theregistration table. PARTICIPANTS & ABSTRACTS

N"""1ersin bracuts refe r to sessionlllllnbers

CherylJes.u:a Adams California Arcbaeolouand Native People:Science or Cultural Chauvinism? (Repatriationand Reburial: panel member) Archaeologislaa claim rightto excavate lndim gravesand examine andkeep the contents inthe name of scienceand academic freedom. Native American peopleare increasinglybecoming sensitive rothis inue, and theto callousdisregard for theirre ligious beliefs exhibiledby many archaeologists. The veneer of consensus (Goffman) withinthe shrinking globalvillage is rowarda heightened sensitivity to thehmnan and religiousof righls allpeople. Both theSmithsonian Institution and StanfordUni versity have recentlydealt with lheirobligalion moral toreturn Indian lkeleral remainsrelated and grave goods tothe appropriate cultural dacendcnts. Cultural mlhropologia1a claim ro becultural .. relativia1a." Shouldnot cultural anthropologists thenhave an obligation torequire lheir archaeologicaloolleaguea to re-examinetheir 19thcentury of luenn:hy thought? (2-06)

Royal Alsup Tbe Mask otEvil: The Dark Side ot Shamanism Thispaper with deala the ofpen:eptions "evil" among theYurok. Hupa. Tolowaand Karut people, md howthey havedescribed evil hilrorically. It will alsooover theworkings of the"Indian devil."and how this isperceived. respected, andfeared in allfom tribes. It uses'Thom• Buckley's work onYurok "momrersff u a basis for exploring the archetypal psychologicalworld of the Yurok people. I discussYurok the world ;iew u a --polytheistic monism.ff meaning bythis that the Yurolc world is full of spirit beings. It is alsoboth "pantheistic" - inthat whenthe Yurolc people experience a sactedplace of power theyexperience theGreat Spirit- and"panentheisdc" - inthat they perceive that all creationhands lieainthe of the creator. (1-02)

Arlene Benson & Floyd Buckskin Power Places In 1983 Joseph descnbedChartkoff a roclc-feamre complex thatisa&0eiated with thepower quest in northwesternonua. Calif Similarfeamres rock have beenfowid innortheutern Calif ornia, alsoassociated with the questfor power. northwesran In California these rockfeatures arefound on high mountain ridges; in northeasternCalifornia they arefound not only on mo1D1tain tops buton also the relatively flatterrain of theDevil's Garden Lava Platform, where they are alsooften associated with rock art. Inthis paper I willdescribe thevarious rock-f eature co�lexes associated withthe power questin northeasternCal iforniL (1-08)

Babara Bocek Repatriation and Reburial (panel member) (2-06)

ThomasBuckley World Renewal as Discourse A. L. Kroebercalled a cycle of 13 major ceremonial everus among Hupa. .and Yurok Indians, together with their accompanying ritual. belief, and social systems, "the World Renewal cult." Profoundly affected by contact. most of thesedances were curtailed until,by the 1940s, they had almost disappeared. They did not vanish, however, and in the 1980s such dances are oncemore central featuresof culturallife inall threegroups .. While Kroeber dealt with the "cult" as a.fixed ethnographic assemblageor "pattern.ff bolh ancient origin myths andthe ongoing revitalizalionof the suggestdances that"world renewal" is best approached u • dynamichiltorical and process.interpersonal Thispaper proposes discourse as anappropriate model touse in seeking an undenrmdingappreciation and of this processsignificance. andila [1-02)

EdwardD. Ca.,tillo A Review otthe Literature and Documents thatRenect California Indian Perspectives on Hispanic Colonization, 1769-1846 Thiswill paper examine andanalY7,e the major documents andliterature reflect that California Indianearly reactionsro oonw:t with Spanish andMexican colonisla. Indianviews of missions, missionaries, Hispanicmiliwy campaigns and civilian pueblo and rancho activitieswill bereviewed. These documentsliterature and will be compared and oontruledthat toothersomces reflect the colonists' point of view. (1-01)

Raymond B. Cook Moses, the Divine Right of Kings, and Manifest Destiny: A Layman Wonders Whenever the issue of Mfights"is asaerud,natural a imbalance is created,which ranains 1D1til theoouruervailing issueof "responsibility" is inlroduced.Right ThetheoryoftheDivine of Kingiwu one ofthe strongest forces behindoolonization the of •

Fifth California Indian Conference the westanhemisphere. One wonders whatcountervailing influencea theoryof the DivineRESPONSIBILITY of Kings wouldhave had onthe course of history, particularlyon Californi a Indians. One IUlpeCll that there would be arelationship between such a lheoryof individual responsibility and traditionalNative American spiritual values. (1-02)

LeeDavis First Contact: Hupa lndiaDsNorthwest of Calllornia For the Hupa Indians of Nmhwest California theOoodgaaa of hisrmyopened wide 111d all at once with the Gold Rush of 1850. However F'mtConraca, some20 years before the Oold Rush. remainsmysraies shroudedin bornof sparsedocumentation. Ancient joumala.local Indian-folklorehis1Dry md ue usembled 10explore questionsof historicfact. Wasit JedediahSmith who tint erucredHoopa Valley md in whatyar'I Who were thenon-lndims in the Hoopabefore uea the Oold Rush? It is especially fortunate thatthe Hupas themselves have recordedfive folklore accounra about Pint"Contact becausenative this testimony provides cultural information u well u historic. throwing light on thetint Hupa response to Sttangen. Thesetexts present evidence of why, when mdhow white menfint entered Hoopa Valley, andof how • the ofbrink: histmyHupa the bued their immediate reactions to First Contact on cultural categories of the Unknown anbedded in a pre-contact worldview. [ 1-01]

Trails Toward Takimildin (panel member) Lee Davis willprovide anllllhropological. u well asCOIIIIOlogical, approachto Hoopa Valley, includingils location, physical depic:don. thereaourcea available. and a ofsummary naliveperceptions regarding the obligatory feeding(caretaking) ofdedde ninninnninis'a:n). (de:di Thia Earth.will Davis disaias the oftopic u::redgeography within the conceptualof framework Hupa worldview, inttoducingof theprinciples World-walking, Oeo-ascronomicalalignments other md forms of reverenlial practice. (1-07)

AlanDowner (Navajo Tribe) Tribal Management or Sacred Places (Administration or the Sacred: panel member) (2-01)

DwightDutschke (Native AmericanProgram Coordinator, California Officeof Historic Preservation) Administration ofthe Sacred (discusunt) (2-01)

Glenn J. Farris A Peace Treaty BetweenMariano Vallejo and Satiyomi Chier Succarain 1835 The image of theCalifornia Indian u passive victim to the Spanish/Mexican/American conquests hascome under inaeasing fire in recait years. willThis paper discusshistoric an event in which thenew commandantof the NorthernFrontier of Alta California, Mariam Vallejo, entered into a peace treaty with Chief Succara of the Satiyomi (Southern Pomo) people to end hostilities and work out a return of captured prisoners and horses. A notable aspectof the treaty isthe suggestion of a common front between the Mexicans and the Russians atFon Ross even though there was supposed to be officialan hostility between the two European coloniz.ers. (1-01]

Faith Fjel d Mixed Messages [slidepresentation] "Mixed Messages,.uses famil iar imagery fromadvertisements. te xtbooks and newspapers toillustrateand compare cross-cultural relationships andconoep11. It is a cuefully usembled collec:tion of 140 slide images, including: the portrayalIndian of people u "savages" mdEuro-.Americans u "civilized"; theportrayal of the dominantsociety's values as absolutes; the negation of Indian America and the affirmation of Euro-America; diepmtrayal of assimilation as'"the American Way"; theportrayals of aggression, competition md linear"normal"; thinkingu md theillustrated def mition of key words such as"consumer," "discovery,""ethnic:," etc. (1-04]

Karen Funk (Hobbs.Straus, Dean&: Wilder, Washington, DC) The Regulationor Religion: Federal Law,Regulation, andAmerican Indian ReligiousPractice (Adminmationof the Sacred: panel member) (2-01]

JanGoslin Implementingthe IndianChild Wetrare Act in Caliromia J111Goslin iithe lndi111 ChildWelf are Specialist for the Association on AmericanIndian Affairs, a national Indianorganization. TheIndian Child Welfce Act (ICW A). a federal law, mandatesthat Indian childen who ueranoved from their parenls due to abuse, neglect or abandonment must be placed inIndian foster homes. Indianchildren available for adoption must also beplaced with FifthCalif ornia·Indian Conference

Indim adoptivefamil ies. The Aasociationon � IndianAffairs w• inatrumentalthe in pusqe of theICW A. andnow is assistingCalifornia tribes to assmethat its provisions followed are in thisStaie. Mr. Goslin hu beenworlting withtribes and Indian organizations to develop III agreement outliningtribal andState responsibilities in implementing.. theICWA (2-05]

Leanne Hinton The Songs ofGrace McK ibbin (2-02)

Weldon Johnson (Colorado River Tnl>es & ArizonaCouncil) Intertribal Building a Bridge: Tribal and Agency Programs for the Management or Cultural Values (Administration ofthe Sacred: panel member) (2-01)

William Johnson Trait. Toward Takimildln (panel member) Bill Johnson willdiscuss the vital role that theNative Amaican Heritageplays Commission in honoringintegrity the of indigenous sites through the maintenanceSacred ofthe Landi P'i le, confidentialitythe of thatfile. andhow specific datafound therein is utilizedCommission bythe in determining the porentialimpact ofupon sires religious magnitude. Johnson will stress the importancecooperation of andcommunication betweencommunities native and Stateagencies. (1-07]

Russell Kaldenbe.cg (USBureau of Land Management) Entitlement or E.flablishment: American Indian Cultural Traditions and Federal Agencies (Adminim'ation or the Sacred: panel member) (2-01)

Paul V. Kroskrity & ChrisLoether Western Mono Narrative Style Revisited In 1940 Arma Gayton published a collection ofYokuts and Western Mono myths (UC Anlhropological Reccrds, volwne 5). Stanley S. Newmm wrote aninttoductory chapter entitled "Linguistic Aspectsof Yolatts Style." In the following chapter, Gayton assumed that Western Mono style wu similar to style, even though she did not speakthe language. Thispaper fcx:uses on the namuive style of Western Mono story-tellers from the early 1950s to the presenL There have beennumenous advances made in linguistics sincethe 1940s, especiallystudy inthe of vabal art,discourse prosodyand analysis, allof which have been incorporated into our analysis.paper This examines such issues • parallelism. prosodic features and the use of adverbialparticles. It alsoexamines individual variations among story-tellers, which make a community's verbal art not only a product of its language's particular stylistics, but alsoproduct a of the story-teller's owncreative genius. (2-02)

Robert Laidlaw California Indians and Public L�nds (panel member) [1-09J

JohnLarson & John Hunter California Indians and Public Lands (panel members) (1-09)

Richard s. Levy The Names ofSanta Cruz AsNative Americana were bapti1.edCruz atSanta Mission, eachconvert's name was entered into the book: of baptisms. Along with theperson's name wae recorded hisor ha village and theof names bothpaRDU for a child convert. Thesenames provide information concerning ttibal distributions, thechronology of conversion for villages, and ethnic affiliation of villages. Analysis shows that Costanoantwo languages (Awuwu and Mutsun) were among the earliest converts (1791-1810) and that later convats were Northern Y alley Yokum. Comparison of thenames of paren1S with those of baptizedadults suggests that on avaage less Ihm 20% of the parentsever wae bepcized. Thissuggesu exttemely rapid populationdecline among theunconvated. The final datesof Awaswu baptisms suggest thatentire the population ceued toexist outside the mission tenyears after its establishmenL (1-65]

John Littleton Indian Rock Transformation Myths as a Reflection or Sacred Space I have beenresearching andcollecting Indian"rcx:k: ormation"ttansf legends fromall over NonhAmerica. The common ground in • FifthCalifornia Indian Conference

eachof thesevaried myths is an individualwho hu � changedinto a pebble, a rock, top.or amountain In an earlier paper, given at the "Spiritof Place" symposium inSan Frmcisco, I suggeat.ed thatstories theserock are a reflectiondirect of traditional Indianawareness thatthe Earth and thealive, landissacred. and filledwith power. Inpresentation this I willput emphasison rock transformationlegends fromNorthern California and theirdiscusa value • windows into Indianculture and wisdom, as well as potential legal mar:ken in the ongoingstruggle to protectspace. sacred [1-08)

ChrisLoethez Ceremony a Performance: Ethnographyof the Western Mono Cry-Dance AlfredKroeber described the Californiaanniversary mourning u one of the commonfeatures linking most of thetribes that fall withinthe Calif orniaculture area. It is found among all the tribes &omthe Maidusouth. Thisdescribes paper the funeral ceremony asp-acticed t.oday by the Western Mono. It examines thepertinent etlmographic literature, inorder tounderstand thediachronic changesin theritual since the beginningof thiscentury. Thenwn focus of thepaper, however,is on synchronic ethnography. It usesdescriptive the toolsof sociolinguistics toshow how the WesternMono Cry-Dance is not justsome rirualrelic out of the past, but a vibrantpart of their beliefsystem. fully integrated withmodem Westan Mono culture. [1-02)

Hezb Luthin Yahi Narrative Composition Whetheror not you believe withDell Hymes thatInd.ion American narrative isreally poetry, andshould becarved up into lines and verses, stanzasscenes, and it is afact that is there more structureto a talethe than prose blocksof a typicalpage suggest. Whateveryou choose to callthem. narratives aremade upof different kinds units,of largeand small. oftennested one inside the other. I have beenworking withthe Yahi texts thatIshi dictated toEdward Sapir in 1915, trying to findways of translating them that will revealmore of theirdynamic internal organization thanSapir himself might have done. Y ahi had a variety of rhetorical devices - male/female speech. time adverbs, demonstratives, and focertain rmulaic constructions •- thatcan helpus determine what thecompositional units of the stories were. I will present passages employing thesedevices anddiscuss how they function in structuringnarratives. the [2-02)

Martha Macri Language Teaching: A Wider Range of Options Educators believeorder thatin to teacha fo reign language one must have sbldied it extensively in college. Therich variety of California Indianlang-,J&ges presentssuch a challenge to this belief tha� withfew exceptions, the teachingof Indianlanguages is not even considered. Whentaught atall. Indian languages areusually treated within lhe discipline of linguistics at a tectmical level beyond the reach of non-linguistic majors. A&an allemative tothis model, I have develpoed a class on methods of individualized language instruction which involves theevaluation of the language experienceof the sbldent, ofhis/her goals, of the current state of thespeech community, and the availabilityof resources. Auency (notpossible in onesemester) need not bethe goal. Videotaping living speaketS, reading tramcriptions of texts, doing elementary text analysis, assembling language materials and creating bibliographies, are valid language-related activities. Between all and nothing is a wealthof learning possibilities. [2-05)

Malcolm Margolin This Land Abounds in Fish and Game of Every Description Emopeanvisitors tothe SanFrancisco Bay Areawere uniformly en thusiastic in theirdescription the of wildlife: flocks of migrating waterfowl dukenedthe sky, pronghorn antelopes ranover themeadowlands inherds of two hundred.Icing salmon moving through theCuquinez Straitwere so thick that lookedit u if you couldwalk across Straitthe on their backs. Are thesedescriptions accurate, or arethey travellers' tall talesand literary exaggerations? And if accurate, how dowe reconcile these reports with accountsof starvationat the missions andstatements that theIndians were being drawn into the mission.,at times of "famine?" [1-01)

Tun McKay Native Americans and Environmentalbts Should Work to Build Alliances: The Gmquet-Orleans Road as a Model Throughout thewestern U.S ..basic federal landpolicy hu tendedbenefit to timber, mining and ranching interests thatare the cultural descendants of the pioneers who often displaced and Nativedecimated American peoples. Theevolution of environrnerual phil010phyand law hu ariseriwith theexpansion of the conservation.environmental and�logical movements of the20th cer1tury. The assumptions benearh these movements are not inherently inconflict with thegoals ofNative American efforts to protect and preserve traditional culturalsites andthe overall biological integrity of the Earth's living systems. yet all too often these groups view each other asadversaries or with suspicion. Theproposal by the U.S. Forest Service to build theasqu G et-Orleans (G-0) Road and tolog thousands of acres inthe midst oflands held sacredby three tribesNorthwestern of Califomia provides a usefulexample of coalitionbuilding that hasstalled theroad building planstopped and the logging for more than a decade. In spite Fifth CaliforniaIndian Conference of a tragic loss in the SupremeCourt. causes of action raised byenvironmental co-plaintifs still block completion of theroad and legislation introduced inthe wake of the case (HR 1546) offers hope for more meaningful protection of critical traditional N alive Americanuse areas throughoutthe U.S. (2-04]

Sally Mcl..endon ''Vastly More Intelligent and Better Informed": William RaJganal Benson (1862-1937) Brilliant. gifted, extremely knowledgeable, gentleand kind, William Ralganal Benson wuartist. linguist. historian, buyer, activist for California Indians andinterests, theirneedsand farmerand published sc:holar. Consulted by virtually allserious students of Pomoan society,history, language andmaterial cultme. &omthe 1890sup to his death in 1937,deal agood of his life andwork can beknown through his correspondenc:e his autobiography, and the photographs andrccmds thatsurvive in various archives and museums, pcnnitting anassessment of his contnou tion tolllllhropology both and art. (1-05]

18thand F.arly 19th Century Northwest Califomia Objects in European Museum Collections [slide presenwion] Beginning with Vancouver, who visited Trinidad in 1793, several of thepre-Gold Rush European cxploras of the North Cout of Californiaobtained bukcts. items of clothing. andother material objects from the local Indian people. Many of these itans still survive in the BritishMuseum and other European museum collections, representingtheearliest documentation of the culture of the Yurok and adj acentgroups. (1-05]

Francis P. McManamon Administration ofthe Sacred (diKus.,ant) (2-01]

Manuel Medeiros (Deputy AuorneyGeneral, Stateof California) Principles ofReligious Freedom and American Indian ReligiousFreedom (Administration of the Sacred: panerl member) Anovaview of the traditional methodology foranalyzing religious freedom claimsW1da theFint Amendment. fo llowed by discussionsof: analytical difficulties thatwhen arise applying the tradilionalmethodology toIndian sac:rcd sire claims; fcdcral circuit court trcalment of Indian sacred sire claims; and the Supreme Court'sdecision in Lyng v. NICPA . Concluding remarks will address the need to strengthen the AmericanIndian ReligiousFreedom Act. in light of the courts' refusal or inabilityto respond adequately toIndian Rligious needsby application of the Free Exercise clauseof the First Amendment. (2-01]

LisaAnn Mertz Let the Wind Take Care ofMe: The Initiation of a Pomo Spiritual Leader My presentationon focuses the Kashaya Pomo spiritual leader, LorinSmith, with whom I have beencollaborating on a life history for the past two years. Thisparticular segment rells how Mr. Smith "received �"or u hecalls it in English, "energy," to be a � anIndian doctor spiritual and leader. Mr. Smith hu beenworking u a spiritual practitiona forapproximately 20 years among his people inSonoma County, California. (1-02)

VirginiaP. Miller The Hudson'sBay Company in Round Valley At the turn of the 19thcentury, Northwest California wasa relatively unexplored wilderness to Europeans. Round Valley, homeof the Yuki Indians, lay in ancspccially remore area of the North Cout Range. This paper discusses evidence for the firstEuropeans inRound Valley. Using native oral tradition supportedarchaeological by data, it concludes that a Hudson's Bay Company fur trappingparty provided the firstYuki contactwith Europeansin 1833. Additionally, the paper sheds lighton Hudson's Bay fur-trapping routes inNorthan California. (1-01)

Michael Mcnuo Repatriation and Reburial (panel member) [2-06]

Larry Myers (CaliforniaNative AmericanHeritage Commission) Callfomia Indians and Public Lands (discussant) [1�]

State Agency Relationshipsand Responsibilitiesand CaliforniaIndian Communities (Administration of the Sacred: panel member) [2-01] Fifth California IndianConference

Repatriation and Reburial(panel member) (2-06)

KarenM. Nwen Mortars = Acorns = Penudans, Metates = Seeds = Hokans: A False Dichotomy in Californian Arcbaeological Theory? Work in northernCalif orniahu employed 111. argumcntequating the ofpresence mortars/pestles withacorns, whilemetaiea/manos areviewed II reflecting evidence of hard seedIlle. Thishypotheaia isin 111mlinbd to l.inguiatic theories regarding Penutian diaplacementa of early Hokanpopulations. Recentresean:hon foragen-collectors (SOLS¥ Binford 1980; seeako traveller vs. processorSOLS¥ Bettinger & Baurnhoff1982) hasfocused oncost-benef:it adaptationsand suggested thatprehistoric population displacementsmay in putexplained be in economic tc:nns. Archuologisuin northernCalifornia haveargued thatmortars equate with balanophagy, which theyusume w11 a moreproductive 111e of Californialandscapes where oakswere presenL in Research northern California suggeslS reaeG"chr:rto lhis that this lheory maybeincorrect. His&oricand ethnographic datadocwnent the fact thatsome acornsneed not beleached atall andthat ochers were leached bymethods otherpulverizing. than Thispaper will present information fromearly edmogrsphies and historicwhich documents mightlead torethinking of lhissupposed dichoto my. (l-05)

Jack Norton Trails Toward Takimildin (panelmember) Jack Nononwill present a philosophical view ofTakimildin. the axumwtdi of HoopaValley, a centerof cemnonial feeding which nourishes and is nourishedHupa bythe people. Blahorating onthe path of thetraditional singer/dancer, he willernphaiu the spiritual and asceticof properties place. Drawingon particularceremonies, he will demonstrate the essential elemenlS of reciprocity, relationshipresponsibility 111.d felt towardthe land andits energies. (1-07)

DanO'Gara In Search or LagoonCharlie Lagoon Charlie awas Yurokwho lived at Big Lagoonbefore thenun of thecentury. He waskilled near Trinidad while visiting the town and the village ofTsurai with his young grandson in 1901. My sabbatical project is towrite his story in book form withthe objective of making it enjo yable readingfor fourth and fifth grade students. In thispresentation I plan tobriefly explain the project andIlk the audience for recommendations and anyinf ormation they might haveabout thetopic . (1.05]

E. Breck:Parkman Paruand People (CaliforniaIndians and PublicLands: panelmember) A specialrelationship exists between nativepeople indigenous to agiven areathe and public parksestablished by thegreadter societyin that area. Thisrelationship is especially true in California, asmight be seen examinationby this of the programs and policies of theCalif ornia ParkState syscem. The discussion is highlighted by a review ofState Park projects recently conducted or currently underwayin variousof areas northernCalifornia. . [l-09)

Victoria Kaplan Patterson A BriefEthnohistory or theCove lo Indian Community Round Valley,traditional the Yuki homeland, was not completely takenover by settlers, aswas the case in most otherparts of California. Instead,of asmallpart it wu reserved for the Yukiand forthe useof otherIndians, many of whom were their traditional aiemies. However,as aconsequence of years of intermarriage, a common life style, and a shared land base, there emerged a unified community composed of themanbers of the seven tribes of theRoWld Valley Reservation. Information obtained from thepublished literature, the ofrecords the Bureau of IndianAffairs, andfrom the Indianpeople of theCovelo Indiancommunity iscombined here to pnsaubrief a ethnohistory of thisrich heritage. (1-05)

JeanPerry lsbi'sPlants A discussionof the Yahiplant mmesin found thetexts dictated inby Ishi 1915. (2-02]

·· Arnold R. Pilling Aexandt:r Smith Taylor, Early CaJifornia Ethnologist: An Up-Date Review of landrecords involvingAlexander SmithTaylor suggests that he landheld only inMonterey 111.d SantaBarbara counties, the two counties of hisresidency inCalifornia. Searchof TlteCalif ornia Farmuestablishes that itcontained articles onCalifornia Indiansprior to the publication of Taylor'smonumental ''Thelndianology of California." TlteCali fo rniaFarmu alsoearned earlier articles byTaylor on topics other thanIndians. Thestimulus for "Indianology"seems to have beenJ. L. L F. Warren, theeditor of TheCaiif omiaFarmer, who wu writing inthe paper about Calif orniapior to A. S. Taylor. [l-05] Fifth California Indian Conference

Ray Raphael Little White Father: The Story or Agent Redick McKee In 1851, Col. RedickMcKee, claiming to be messengera &omthe "Great Falhe:rin Washington,"journeyed 500 for miles through Northwest California, gatheringlndima in council for lhe purposenegotiating of treaties. McKee wanted to stop the genocide that had already begun, andsetting hepropoaed uide large reaavl1iom at Clear Lake., Ferndale., Hoopa, and Scott's Valley which would be"forever guaranteed" to the local Indians"their md successors." The provedtreaties to besomething of a farce. They were signed in hate by thelndima mddisowned by most whites, who refused to cede any land. Eventually they were rejected by the U. s. Senate. (1-05]

Josi IgnacioRivera California Indian Vaqueros: Amongthe First Western American Cowboys· Before the United Statesof Americaexisted, theCalifornia Indianswere punching doggies, branding md raising cattle., md perfo rming allduties the of a vaquero, cowboy.or Theconlributions of these Native Californian people have been overlooked and denied for toolong. for they were among the veryfm t western American cowboys. (1-01)

The StateIndian Museum and the General Plan Process: Historyand Options TheCal ifornia Departmentof Pub md Recreation has been mandated todevelop General Plans for each State Park uniL This paper will presenta briefhistory the of Indian Museum and Generalthe Plan process. A series of community meetings were held in an attempt to developGeneral a Plan for the StaleIndian Museum. adj acent toSutter's Fort. The Indian community recommended a new StateIndian Museum. Due to thewidespread support,options oravenues will bepresented so that the Indiancommunity may realize their recommendation for a new Stale Indian Museum. (2-05]

JanaL. Rivers Trails Toward Takimildin (panel member) Jana Rivers will focus on certain''verbal medicines" which were givento thepeople asways of moving in i.sacred manner upon This Earth. Theliving functions of these mythical gifts, which teachrespect formd accountability to one's physical environs,

will beaddressed, along with a personal rendering of how the energies of the land, expressed rhythmically through Hupa mythology, speak to us all about finding the spiritual centerwithin, and how Takimildin, as anoutward manifestation ofthiscenter, stirs andis stined by the ritualistic worship of place. (1-07)

Lois Robin Indian Ghosts at California Mwions [slide presentation] This is a photostory that can bepresented as an exhibit or a slide show. Itc:onsi.sts of 27 photographs thattell the story of the culture clash at the missions, withthe grievous loss of Indiansand theirculture. It si artfulcomment social rather than document, yet it adheres toknown facts. A bookletaccompanies the'exhibit, providingcommentary about themission experience md the beautyof andwisdom Indian life. [ 1-04J

Greg Sarris Fieldwork asCulture Contactand Cultural Critique: Mabel McKay's Model Latelymuch has beensaid aboutrelations between fieldworkers andinf ormants, in Native Californiaand elsewhere. Does the informant edit information? Can thefieldworker know the info rmant's pointof view? In this paper I examine the dynamic between Pomo weaver and doctorMabel McKay and her interlocutors in aparticular instance of cross-cultural interpersonal dialogue - a dialogue that aff"mns the power of bothparties andsets thegr01D1dwork forcollaboration. I will discuss herdynamic as a model of positiveinttzcultural communication, and I will give moreexamples (i.e., tell stories) abouther work withothers and with me. (1-02)

Florence Shipek Repatriation and Reburial (panel member) (2-06)

William Shipley The Myth or Creation A reconstitution and retr1111Slation of theMaidu Creation Myth. recorded by Roland Dixon in 1900, gives us access to a spectacular and beautiful view of thebeginning theworld u the Maidupeople sawiL This paper characterizes thethemes and motifs of this myth. including anexploration of the analoguesto othermythic ootions, particularly those foundin Genesis. Examples from the English version of the text also provideinsights into thepoetic elegance of Maidu oral literature. (2-02) 6 Fifth CaliforniaIndian Conference

Abel Silvas Running Grunion Speaks Abel Silv•, a member of the Juaneno 1nbe , is a professional stand-upcomic. He tells legends andcoyote storieshis of ancestors . and demomlntatraditional the "dreamtime"visualizing mediodof thena11ative u it takes shapeimagination. withinthe An advancedof student MarcelMarceau, Silvu invites members of his audienceto invent a story through "dreamtime" and then act it out in pantomime. (2-03)

WilliamS. Simmons Between Mythand History: NativeCal ilonianLegends or European Contact CaliforniaIndian legends of early contactnon-Indiana with range betweenthe highly factual andthe highly symbolic. Thispaper will consider thevariation in the ways inwhich Indian/Europeanena>unlal arerepaented insuch folklore materials. This is not an attempt torecover hisrorical facts from symbolic nwcria1s,to or anertthe historicity of oral na11ative; radla, it is an examinationof theways inwhich Indian/White relaliom are expressedna11alive throughlegendandotheroral sources. { 1-01)

AlloganSlagel (Association for AmericanIndian Affairs) LegislativeTrends in Addressing American Indian Religious Freedom (Administration or theSacred: panel member) [2-01)

AnnKing Smith California Indians and Public Lands (panel member) (1-0,)

Dorothea Theodoratus Calilonia Indians and Public Lands (diKussant) (1-0,J

JimWoodward Arcbaeologm and Indians: Opportunities for In teraction and Progress in Resource Preservation (California Indians and Public Lands: panel member) Over the putthree years the Society forCalif orniaJ\n:haeology (SCA) bu lobbied to fund emtingstate mandales inthe Office of Hisroric Preservation (OHP) to begin CEQA reviews, to support lhe Regional An:haeological Info rmation Centers, and to conlinue progress on anew state heritage management plan •· all of which are needed toidentify and manage California's significant archaeological resources !hatretain on-sile integrity. A number of optionsavailable are for improving CEQA review at the state and local level. Opportunities fo r SCA to assistOHP andthe Native American HeritageCommission are also identified, including a new proposal for emergency monitors andadvisors. Areas of commoninteres t between archaeologists and Native Americans are discussed, including sharing of informati on; education of local agencies, landowners, and developers; and proposals toconserve moreof ourheritage resources. (1-09)