Fact sheet History of Uluṟu Kata-Tjuṯa

Anangu have always been on this land now known as - National Park.

European exploration William Earnest Giles first saw Kata Much of the early European exploration Tjuṯa in 1872 while exploring near of Central occurred as a result Watarrka (Kings Canyon). He named of expeditions staged for scientific the largest dome at Kata Tjuṯa ‘Mount and agricultural reasons – among Olga’ but he was unable to reach it others. The impact of early European due to an inability to cross Pantu (the exploration on An̲ angu life was both salt lake – ). Giles tried significant and diverse. again in 1873 and this time succeeded, but he had been beaten to it by a man named Gosse.

In 1873, William Christie Gosse CREDIT: National Library of Australia became the first non-Aboriginal visitor Sir Henry Ayers on record to reach this area, naming Uluṟu ‘Ayers Rock’ after the then Chief Instead, Uluṟu and Kata Tjuṯa were Secretary of South Australia (SA), included in the South West Reserve, Sir Henry Ayers. declared in 1920, as part of a larger system of reserves set aside as The Horn Expedition of 1894 was sanctuaries for Aboriginal people. The financed by W.A Horn, a wealthy result was that few non-Aboriginal CREDIT: National Library of Australia SA pastoralist and businessman. people visited the area until the Explorer John McDouall Stuart The expedition was primarily a 1940s – apart from a few prospectors, scientific endeavour, intended missionaries and Native Welfare In 1862, John McDouall Stuart to examine the geology, mineral patrol officers. completed the first return south-north resources, plants, animals and In 1928, the missionary E.E Kramer, crossing of Australia. He assessed Aboriginal cultures of Central Australia. guided by ‘Tiger’ Tjalkalyiri, gave a the possible pastoral value of the land The expedition provided non-Aboriginal Christian service south of Uluṟu. He and paved the way for the construction people with valuable knowledge of the was the first non-Aboriginal person to of the to Darwin Overland natural history of the region. However, record Uluṟu as a sacred place: ‘the Telegraph Line between 1871 and 1872. the land proved too harsh for the most sacred spot in all the country pastoral industry. around where natives come for their ceremonies’.

ULURU KATA TJUTA NATIONAL PARK

ULURU KATA TJUTA NATIONAL PARK The Aboriginal Land Rights Act (NT) 1976 gave Anangu a powerful voice to protect sacred sites and an opportunity to regain control of the land

Timeline Tourism and mining Land rights 1872 – Ernest Giles sighted Mt Olga In the 1930s, gold prospector The Aboriginal Land Rights Act (NT) from near Kings Canyon. H.B Lasseter claimed to have found 1976 and the formation of the interim 1873 – Gosse becomes the first a ‘reef of gold of untold wealth’, Central Land Council in 1974 gave European to visit Uluṟu. thus sparking the interest of many Anangu a powerful voice to protect prospecting parties who came to the sacred sites and an opportunity to 1920 – The Peterman Ranges, area in pursuit of mineral wealth. regain control of the land. Ayers Rock and the Olgas are gazetted as Aboriginal Reserve. As a result of the 1979 Katiti Land Claim, Commissioner Justice Toohey 1930s – A nangu become involved accepted that 104 traditional owners in dingo scalping and are had been formally identified for Uluṟu introduced to European food. and 57 for Kata Tjuṯa. Anangu were 1940 – Loss of full traditional pattern given title to the Katiti Land Trust north of land use, but Anangu and east of the park. maintain strong ties with However, they were unable to claim the land. Uluṟu and Kata Tjuṯa as it was crown Mid 1940s – Tourists begin to arrive. land, alienated as a national park.

1958 – Ulu ru and Kata Tjuta are taken CREDIT: National Library of Australia In 1977, Ayers Rock was declared out of the Aboriginal Reserve Uluṟu and Kata Tjuṯa (Ayers Rock-Mt and declared a tourist and Explorer Olga) National Park under the National wildlife reserve. Parks and Wildlife Conservation The magic and wonder as described Act 1975, recognising the traditional 1971 – Federal and SA Government by explorers such as Gosse and names. At the same time, an officers meet with traditional Giles then ensured the inevitable agreement was made between the owners at Ernabella. development of tourism in the area, Commonwealth and the Conservation 1973 – Federal House of Representatives with visitation increasing from 1947 Commission of the Standing Committee on the through to 1950. to manage the park. Environment visits Uluru. After a tour in 1950 with a party from Finally, in 1983, Prime Minister 1974 – Ayers Rock Advisory Committee Sydney’s Knox Grammar School, Bob Hawke promised the return of meet for the first time. Len Tuit began to offer regular tours the land to the traditional owners in 1955. The earliest tours from Alice under the Land Rights Act. 1976 – Northern Territory Land Rights Springs to Uluṟu took 20 passengers On 26 October, 1985, Governor-General Act passes. and were rough – with accommodation Sir Ninian Stephen presented Anangu Katiti Land Claim is presented. being a tent camp. By 1958, Tuit had 1979 –  with the title deeds to Uluṟu-Kaṯa constructed a galvanised shed but the – Aboriginal title to Uluru is Tjuta National Park. In return, Anangu 1983 supply of water remained the main acknowledged. leased the lands to the then Australian concern for the venture. Tuit started National Parks and Wildlife Service 1984 – Yulara Tourist Village, now by carting water from Curtin Springs (now Parks Australia) for a period of Ayers Rock Resort opens. then arranged for a drilling rig to be ninety-nine years. brought in. Using his bush knowledge, 1985 – Title deeds are handed back he struck good fresh water at a depth to traditional owners. of 26 metres with a flow. 1987 – The park secures a natural The first lodge was built at Uluṟu in World Heritage listing. 1958 by Tours Ltd. It was 1994 – The park secures a cultural a corrugated iron building with a dining landscape World Heritage listing. room, six bedrooms, two bathrooms 1995 – The Cultural Centre opens. and a hot water service.

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