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BACK BAY FISHERMAN ISLAND PLUM TREE ISLAND NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGES Virginia Beach, Virainia

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BACK BAY FISHERMAN ISLAND PLUM TREE ISLAND NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGES Virginia Beach, Virainia UJO n CO BACK BAY FISHERMAN ISLAND PLUM TREE ISLAND NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGES Virginia Beach, Virainia ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT Calendar Year 1984 NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM Back Bay NWR Complex Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR REVIEW AND APPROVALS BACK BAY NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Virginia Beach, Virginia ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT Calendar Year 1984 Refuge Ma // Dat^ Refuge Supervisor Review Date egional Office 4BProval Date INTRODUCTION Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1938 to provide habitat and protection for migratory birds. Manage­ ment objectives have since been expanded to provide for a broader spectrum of wildlife, with special emphasis on water­ fowl, shorebirds and threatened and endangered species; and to provide the visiting public with opportunities for wild­ life oriented recreation and environmental education to the extent compatible with resource needs. JB 11/84 Aerial view of the refuge looking southward with the Back Bay on the right. The refuge consists of 4,608 acres located in southeastern Virginia. In addition, about 5,600 acres of open bay water within the refuge boundary were Closed to the taking of migratory birds in 1939 by Presidential Proclamation. The refuge extends 4.2 miles along the Atlantic shoreline. About 800 acres of habitat consist of barrier beach and adjacent dunes with an elevation of about 15 feet. The refuge ocean front beach has been described by the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences as one of the most dynamic of the Virginia Atlantic Ocear^ beaches. The slope of the beach frequently changes radically within one tide cycle. The beach varies in width from 100 to 250 feet at low tide. Marshland, predominately black needlerush, comprises about 3,617 acres or 78% of the refuge. This wetland acreage includes 586 acres in three impoundments. Scattered woodlands, consisting primarily of loblolly pine with some live oak, red maple and sweetgum, comprise 132 acres. The remaining upland area includes 59 acres in grass managed as goose pasture. The Proclamation waters are shallow with an average depth of about three feet. Salinity ranges between four and ten percent sea strength. Bay waters are not influenced by lunar tides but wind is a major factor. Persistent northerly winds may lower the water level as much as one to two feet; while persistent southerly winds have the opposite effect. This wind action also has a pronounced effect on turbidity. The climate of Back Bay is modified continental with mild winters and hot, humid summers. Annual precipitation averages 48 inches. The normal growing season is 251 days. Hurricanes and "northeasters" occasionally affect Back Bay and the surrounding areas, causing damage from wind and high tides. Prior to the regulation of beach vehicular travel, non-wild­ life oriented visits, primarily associated with the use of off-road vehicles, exceeded 300,000 annually. In recent years, the refuge normally receives slightly over 100,000 visits annually. Public use demand will remain high because of the 325,000 residents of Virginia Beach within forty-five minutes of the refuge and 1.3 million people live within a two hours drive. The presence of mosquitoes, biting flies, greenbriars, poison ivy and cottonmouth moccasins keep visitors and employees humble and the refuge from being completely trampled underfoot or driven over. INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A. HIGHLIGHTS 1 B. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 1 C. LAND ACQUISITION 1. Fee Title NTR 2 2. Easements 2 3. Other 2 D. PLANNING 1. Master Plan NTR 2. Management Plan 2 3. Public Participation 3 4. Compliance with Environmental and Cultural Resource Mandates 4 5. Research and Investigations 4 6. Other NTR E. ADMINISTRATION 1. Personnel 5 2. Youth Programs 6 3. Other Manpower Programs NTR 4. Volunteers Program NTR 5. Funding 8 6. Safety 8 7. Technical Assistance NTR 10 8. Other F. HABITAT MANAGEMENT 1. General NTR 2. Wetlands 11 3. Forests NTR 4. Croplands NTR 5. Grasslands 14 6. Other Habitats NTR 7. Grazing NTR 8. Haying . NTR 9. Fire Management 14 10. Pest Control 14 11. Water Rights NTR 12. Wilderness and Special Areas NTR 13. WPA Easement Monitoring NTR G. WILDLIFE Page 1. Wildlife Diversity NTR 2. Endangered and/or Threatened Species 14 3. Waterfowl 16 4. Marsh and Water Birds 21 5. Shorebirds, Gulls, Terns and Allied Species 22 6. Raptors 22 7. Other Migratory Birds 23 8. Game Mammals 24 9. Marine Mammals NTR 10. Other Resident Wildlife NTR 11. Fisheries Resources NTR 12. Wildlife Propogation and Stocking NTR 13. Surplus Animal Disposal NTR 14. Scientific Collections NTR 15. Animal Control 26 16. Marking and Banding 28 17. Disease Prevention and Control NTR H. PUBLIC USE 1. General 28 2. Outdoor Classrooms - Students 30 3. Outdoor Classrooms - Teachers 31 4. Interpretive Foot Trails 32 5. Interpretive Tour Routes, Motorized 33 6. Interpretive Exhibits/Demonstrations 33 7. Other Interpretive Programs 33 8. Hunting 34 9. Fishing 34 10. Trapping 34 11. Wildlife Observation 35 12. Other Wildlife Oriented Recreation 37 13. Camping 37 14. Picnicking 38 15. Off-Road Vehicling 39 16. Other Non-Wildlife Oriented Recreation 40 17. Law Enforcement 41 18. Cooperating Associations 44 19. Concessions NTR I. EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES Page 1. New Construction 45 2. Rehabilitation NTR 3. Major Maintenance 47 4. Equipment Utilization and Replacement 47 5. Communications Systems NTR 6. Computer Systems 48 7. Energy Conservation 49 8. Other NTR J. OTHER ITEMS 1. Cooperative Programs 49 2. Other Economic Uses NTR 3. Items of Interest NTR 4. Credits 49 K. FEEDBACK 50 L. INFORMATION PACKET (INSIDE BACK COVER) BACK BAY NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE UNiTCO fTATXt CITY OF VIRGINIA BEACH, V IRGINIA Tnt iwrrmon niM A<« »cfiLirt SCAVKI ir«r mi' r*o* KMvmM THF it MAMCH ui.**. Of ACjA^TT |J MCUHATIOM MCAII •OSTON, MASS. rxa. ISTI I 1994 1/ J (jftmpUm^nXT 3I0C \V Lor#!lc?Ui^ I -y "S N^Aj / AW I Point Lookout ^p, O "v- m? #\ \ H fc //Qto; \\ Ch»mpl»in^h , \ "tyel ^wp^w — LC-nwr/j^ 'Cut PoiM j0#i'5""JmSI. ^ /lax BOt^SflU" aV , 1 £..*!•• VI««!V ./^U-P-W £/'* 0 1 A-V Millwood ,!T.^^W^#PP"'n"0-ppBh«anocj.^''-''"^-"^^-rnNorth \ A m)r' A3W 'cm. Co/. J . , V.vlH.lj f V., V«P ___ i not-ATGREAT FOXFOX ISLANDtSLANt 8®/ i5pjJ m] A t Wmith Point •Jjij&ravt Fork Bfrges^*^ Lilian,^ BloxomfnjspgctAdrninNh^do"'""'T ly-',' TpMcsAdminkmtion rjjnONW.r.. 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J -37 "31 TTSf...! , ,, , iK'E N1 »g,Ss ISIA"0 Cisr* 1 'Ty.'.^r \30/XJ7—c/ HOO ISLAND 331^ N,,, Gre»»ity rQ j> r. v'xjB.rh.m.vjll. / ii < polibur ProXId.nF.^t^T /\yotk^a, An [6601 yi ]lJ0 'C '3 l|||]p aWsro Netjk V "5^ H :< mi\ \ ^ AllmondsvlJIe \F1 Mobj.ck 1] New Point -p,MX it Ba"V|n ie Capo Chorloa Plantation horest\ ^ •• A U A N T I C LLIAM^BUI SHIP SHOAL ISLAND Plantat 11^1 r Gardens n-rffj'* lS; ip '"V MYRTLE ISLAND ^YV SMITH ISLAND TOLLFERRV iiSJW Scotland^ Hog Island, I 1 i-l / 1 t ycabin, -{Spring Grove rjH Game Refugelluje • - ^-IpKiptopaka Charles 1525]' / Poin, , O-Y-rr- ISfiif "J i Plum Tree Island . • Cepe /" / .V<o VVeSurry^ ! ®vi •; NatT WUdlfe Refuje Ojsputanta «• 'A > F.8HE^»ND ;, U K K 4 yrhippokei Pishermane Island r—-fVSty Staleplantation Per*/ National Wlldllfa Hafuge ITfjSJr yKpElberon , BUi [Buckroa Baach kvj 370II Dendron 19/ lid/ Point Comfort' *R Ufl news; f/ ^20 .Ocean View. ® Smithfielc .Cape Henry /Hemor.e/ S LY OJ W TBI fiSjf v'-1 Banns• Fort Story tw H5S\ Church] Mr Littleton - j rj® [VIRGINIA /l7 BEACH T ^ iemp Pendleton (Sedley 6Mi ^RANKUNimo National lake m , Whalevxl'lej id mi Cora peak® S , ,- .South Mills fe>i 78* •jjmkMMMeatJ: 75°30' Office Location - Back Bay Coiriplex Manned Stations Unmanned Stations A. HIGHLIGHTS - Construction of the refuge office/visitor contact station began in June 1984 and was near completion by the end of December. - The beach vehicular access situation was monitored seven days/week, twenty-four hour/day from April 4 until July 31. No significant changes resulted but the refuge staff has a better understanding of permittees, time-of-travel patterns and types of permit abuses/violations. - Guards George Batie and Lester Walizer were notified of impending reassignments to Cape Charles National Wildlife Refuge in September. Mr. Batie transferred to Department of Defense at the Norfolk Naval Operations Base on November 11, 1984. Mr. Walizer accepted the reassignment which was effective on November 25, 1984. - Mackay Island National Wildlife Refuge became an independent field station on October 1, 1984 after being a Back Bay satellite since its establishment in 1960. - Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge was transferred to the administration of the Cape Charles National Wildlife Refuge effective October 1, 1984. B. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS The following table is compiled from on-site readings at the Official Weather Bureau Station maintained at the refuge. Precipitation (inches) Temperatures (F) Variance TOTAL From Rain Snowfall Normal Normal Maximum Minimum January 3.31 T 3.37 - 0.06 60 10 February 4.80 0.40 3.81 + 0.99 68 22 March 3.87 3.69 + 0.18 67 26 April 2.11 3.97 - 1.86 75 32 May 5.72 3.48 + 2.24 98 41 June 0.48 3.59 - 3.11 93 51 July 7.40 5.14 + 2.26 96 58 August 3.59 6.30 - 2.71 91 60 September 6.43 5.05 + 1.38 94 46 October 0.47 4.39 - 3.92 86 44 November 2.42 2.97 - 0.55 79 29 December 1.84 2.90 - 1.06 73 20 42.44 0.40 48.66 - 5.82 2 C.
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