Phatnani et al., International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies E-ISSN2249–8974

Proceedings of BITCON-2015 Innovations For National Development National Conference on : Research and Development in Computer Science and Applications Review Article CHATBOT ASSISTING: Harshita Phatnani1, Mr. Jyotiprakash Patra2 and Ankit Sharma3

Address for Correspondence B.E 6TH SEM Student, CSE, CSVTU, Bhiali, CG,India ABSTRACT Siri is an intelligent personal and knowledge navigator which works as an application for Apple's iOS. Looking at it from a programmer’s perspective, it seems to me that Siri consists of three layers: a speech-to-text analyser, a grammar analyser, and, a set of service providers. Siri began as a DARPA-funded project at SRI International back in 2003 and was spun out and setup as Siri International (SI) after DARPA funding ended in 2008. SI raised nearly $25 million and launched the Siri Digital Assistant as a free App on the App Store in early 2010. Four months later, Apple acquired SI for around $200 million. Since then Apple integrated Siri technology with iOS and extended the backend architecture that allows Siri to work so well. The free Siri Digital Assistant App was removed from the App Store (9/15/11) and Apple ceased supporting Siri on any device other than the iPhone 4S after 10/15/11. KEYWORDS: Siri, iOS, SI, DARPA, SRI. 1. INTRODUCTION processing engine and backend services (i.e., Apple's Solution: Siri processing capabilities and access to data and other Apple's invention relates to an intelligent automated resources). Perhaps a useful simplification is to assistant implemented on an electronic device, to suggest that Siri has three layers: voice processing, facilitate user interaction with a device, and to help grammar analysis-context learning engine and the user more effectively engage with local and/or services. When a voice file arrives at Apple’s data remote services. In various embodiments, the center, the Nuance speech-to-text engine translates intelligent automated assistant engages with the user the request into text. Nuance has been in the voice in an integrated, conversational manner using natural technology business since 1994 and, interestingly, language dialog, and invokes external services when was another spin out from the same lab as Siri (SRI appropriate to obtain information or perform various International's STAR)[3]. It is fair to say that Siri's actions. Siri's[1] initial success is due to Apple’s actual interface is really Nuance technology…but it's adherence to four core development principles: the backend magic of Siri that really makes things  Fairly attainable early goals, which it pop. With Siri, there are no pre-defined ways of accomplishes well. requesting Siri do something or answer a question it  A large population of enthusiastic adopters who simply understands what a user wants to do. give it sustenance. Importantly, Siri not only understands spoken words,  Lots of room to improve, giving Siri areas to it understands context. Understanding context grow into with positive feedback. requires deciphering natural language and then  Apple's patient commitment and deep pockets to adroitly accessing the resources at Siri's disposal to see Siri achieve its potential. perform tasks or correctly answer basic or even 2. SERVICES certain complex questions. Siri works well today because Apple got Siri to do a Siri also learns. At the user/handset level, Siri has smallish number of very meaningful things really routines that allow Siri to better understand the competently. Ask Siri what “she” does and it will list subtleties of each individual user’s accent and voice these things (i.e., Siri’s “Use cases”): characteristics. At a macro level, Siri’s backend culls  Phone (to make and receive calls) through the millions of requests (think:  FaceTime (to make and receive video calls) Search or Apple’s Genius) [4] and finds things to improve upon. For example, when Siri first launched  Music (find and play songs and playlists) it voiced “Tee X” but within a week it began saying  Mail (read and write emails) “Texas”. What really sets Siri apart, though it’s more  Messages (read and write messages) of design specification than a technology, is Siri's  Calendar (read and update calendar) "friendly edginess" and humor—its persona. Siri tries  Reminders (set and access reminders) very hard to be witty and very useful. This is very  Notes (read and write notes) difficult but critical as this "personality" is what has  Contacts (search contacts) captured the imagination of the market. When  Weather (access Yahoo weather) merited, Siri delights users with clever, cheeky and  Stocks (access Yahoo finance) laughter-provoking responses. I very much doubt Siri  Web Search (Safari, Maps, Google) would be getting all of the attention it has if Siri gave  Find My Friends (locate other /iPads) accurate but boring responses every time.  Alarms/World Clock/Timer How Siri Works  Wikipedia Once the Siri microphone button is touched,  Wolfram Alpha (in English only for math/technology) whatever is said is recorded, compressed and sent to 3. TECHNOLOGY / WORKING Apple's data centers where Apple hosts Siri's Nuance Siri is a notable implementation of several speechto- text [5] and AI-like natural language technologies: ' voice processing engine. Siri then figures out what has been recognition and text-to-speech (TTS) technology [2], said. Depending upon the request, Siri creates a voice Siri's -like (AI) natural language response and either sends it back to the iPhone or Int. J. Adv. Engg. Res. Studies/IV/II/Jan.-March,2015/102-103 Phatnani et al., International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies E-ISSN2249–8974 performs queries and sends the voice response file 5. COMPETETION and data back to the handset. The iPhone's Siri Siri has very lots of competition. Android' Digital Assistant [6] is given “life” by vocalizing Actions, Voice Actions Plus, Speak With Me, answers and, if merited, displaying information Vlingo, Speaktoit [8] Assistant, Edwin, a hack put obtained via the Siri' Backend services (e.g., Google together by an Android development team in a day search results) or via the user's iPhone resources (e.g., called Iris (Siri spelled backwards) and doubtless Map app). many others. Speaktoit, Iris and Edwin talk back to you. Vlingo doesn't speak. However, they all make it easy to make phone calls, send messages and get information like the weather or the location of the closest cafe. So Siri currently doesn’t do anything all that different than other voice solutions that tap into users’ contacts, calendars, email, etc. What is different is Siri’s accuracy and the user experience Siri’s personaand this, plus Siri’s ability to learn and become more and more accurate will allow for Siri to

Figure 3.1: Working Principle of SIRI grow better and support broader and richer services. 4. ARCHITECHTURE Bottom line, Siri will always have competition and Apple's FIG., there is shown a simplified block the Android+voice interface will likely remain the diagram of a specific example embodiment of an logical alternative to iOS+voice interface[9]. intelligent automated assistant 1002. 6. CONCLUSION Siri's first Apple iteration opens minds and speaks loudly to Siri's potential. What struck us is that even with this initial release one can readily imagine a sea change in the way humans interact with mobile and even stationary devices over the next several years and this is only the beginning. My voice application business allowed us to see the potential of truly great natural language voice technologies. The few great applications we found left us believing that someday, voice will handle large numbers of everyday tasks and, where appropriate, even more complex things. We think that this time has come. In the end we believe that Siri is showing the world that a great voice interface is viable while simultaneously giving everyone amnesia about past failures. For the first time we have a “good enough” general-purpose natural language-based voice interface technology, which means that there is no Figure 3.2: Configuration of SIRI going back. Most important, to us at least, Siri opens Apple's patent FIG. below is a block diagram the door to huge opportunities to catch the Siri wave depicting a system architecture[7] illustrating several and profitably exploit this technology in new and different types of clients and modes of operation exciting ways. which interestingly includes future use with car REFERENCES systems, voice control systems and in-car 1. http://www.jeffwofford.com/?p=817 (Must Read: Concise entertainment systems. Siri summary) 2. http://learninglayer.wordpress.com/2011/11/06/siri-an-it- inflection-point/ (Must Read: The importance of Siri) 3. http://labs.vectorform.com/2011/10/the-impact-of-apple’s- siri-release-from-the-former-lead--developer-of-siri/ (Must Read: Siri developer perspective) 4. http://techcrunch.com/2011/11/09/gary-morgenthaler-siri- will-eat-google/ (Must Read: Siri potential/Google threat) 5. http://www.pcworld.com/article/242198/apples_siri_vs_and roids_voice_actions_feature_showdown.html (Apple Siri versus Androids Voice Actions) 6. http://thenextweb.com/media/2010/08/22/kindle-outselling- ibooks-60-to-1/ (iBooks versus Kindle) 7. http://www.asymco.com/2011/10/18/clayton-christensen- and-siri/ (Historical perspective) 8. http://www.electronista.com/articles/11/07/22/ios.5.to.integ rate.siri.with.crowd.sourcing/ (early announcement of Siri iOS integration) 9. http://appadvice.com/appnn/2011/08/apples-sdk-sheds- some-more-light-on-ios-5-siri-integration (Siri SDK). Note: This Paper/Article is scrutinised and reviewed by Scientific Committee, BITCON-2015, BIT, Durg, CG, India

Figure 3.3: Mode of Operation used in SIRI

Int. J. Adv. Engg. Res. Studies/IV/II/Jan.-March,2015/102-103