Off to Ottawa: Direction Ottawa : Federal Elections on Prince les elections federates a l'lle-du- Edward Island, 1873-1997 Prince-Edouard, 1873 a 1997 Part 2 Partie 2

By Earle Kennedy Par Earle Kennedy

n 1 July, 1873, a group of dignitaries gathered on the e ler juillet 1873, un groupe de dignitaires est reuni au balcony of Province House to witness the L balcon de Province House pour prendre part a la OConsummating Proclamation of Prince Edward Island's entry proclamation de l'entree de l'fle-du-Prince-Edouard dans le into the Dominion of Canada. According to the Patriot (an Dominion du Canada. Selon le Patriot (un journal ouverte- admittedly anti-confederate newspaper) "the audience within ment anti-confederation), « la foule a portee de voix n'etait hearing consisted of three persons, and even they did not formee que de trois individus, et meme ces trois- la ne sem- appear to be very attentive. After the reading of the blaient pas tres attentifs. Apres la lecture de la proclamation, Proclamation was concluded, the gentlemen on the balcony les hommes au balcon ont acclame Tevenement, mais les gave a cheer but the three persons below [who] at that troisA personnes sur la place, qui representaient la population moment represented the people of Prince Edward Island, de rf.-P.-E., n'ont emis aucun commentaire. » responded never a word." Bien que la population de rf.-P.-E. ne deborde pas d'ent- Though they weren't very enthusiastic at the outset, the housiasme au depart, elle se rend vite compte gue le people of Prince Edward Island quickly realized that the Parlement d'Ottawa est indispensable a l'avenir de Tile. En Parliament in Ottawa was vital to their future. Accordingly, consequence, les elections a la Chambre des communes sont elections for the House of Commons were hard-fought affairs toujours aprement disputeesA et la participation electorate with Island ridings routinely reporting some of the highest dans les circonscriptions de l'fle est regulierement parmi les voter turn-outs in the country. Between 1873 and 1997 the plus elevees au pays. Entre 1873 et 1997, l'fle participe a 35 One of the Island's most respected L'un des politiciens les plus respectes politicians, Daniel J. MacDonald de Vile, Daniel J. MacDonald fut served as MP and Minister of depute federal et ministre desAnciens Vererans' Affairs in the 1970s. combattants dans les annees 1970. A Following his death in office in 1980 sa niort en 1980, date a laquelle il he was given a full state funeral. etait toujours en fonction, il eut droit a des funerailles nationales. Island has seen 35 general elections and 15 by-elections.* Seventy-three elections generales et a 15 elections different individuals have represent- partielles*. Au fil des ans, la ed the province in the House of province est representee par 73 per- Commons; 33 in the Senate. A quan- sonnes a la Chambre des com- titative examination of these repre- munes et par 33 au Senat. Une sentatives, their occupations, party etude quantitative de ces represen- affiliations and relative success at tants, de leurs occupations, de leur the polls is a fascinating glimpse into appartenance politique et de leur Island politics and politicians over succes relatif aux urnes nous offre the past century and a quarter. un coup d'oeil passionnant sur la politique de Tile et ses politiciens au cours du dernier siecle et quart.

Daniel J. MacDonald

General Election, 1968 Elections generales de 1968 Standings in the Resultats a la House of Commons: Chambre des communes liberal 155 liberaux 155 PC 72 PC 72 NDP 2 NPD 2 Creditiste 14 Creditistes 14 Independent 1 Independants 1 The Island saw first significant change in its electoral map Le territoire electoral de Tile subit ses plus importants since 1903. The dual-member riding of Queens County was changements depuis 1903. La circonscription duonominale divided into two, single-member ridings: Malpeque and du comte de Queens est divisee en deux circonscriptions Hillsborough. Prince County was redrawn as Egmont. Kings uninominales, soit Malpeque et Hillsborough. Le comte de County was reorganized as Cardigan. Prince est redefini et devient Egmont, et le comte de Kings For many years, Cardigan had a reputation of being a "beil- est reorganise sous le titre de Cardigan. weather" riding — a constituency whose voters were especial- Pendant de nombreuses annees, le comte de Cardigan ly canny at sending MPs to the Government side of the House avait la reputation d'etre une circonscription barometre, ou of Commons. A closer look, however, suggests this might be a Mectorat s'efforeait d'elire un depute du gouvernement en myth. Since 1896, when Kings County/Cardigan became a sin- place. Toutefois, en y regardant de plus pres, on se rend gle member constituency, its voters have returned its MP to compte que tout cela n'est peut-etre qu'un mythe. Depuis the Government side of the House 23 times; to the Opposition 1896, 1'annee pendant laquelle le comte de Kings/Cardigan side, 9 times. Between 1896 and 1926, it actually returned devient une circonscription uninominale, Felectorat du Opposition MPs twice as often! Between 1930 and 1963 comte a elu 23 deputes du gouvernement et 9 de Topposi- Cardigan voters "guessed right" 10 consecutive times, but in tion. Entre 1896 et 1926, deux fois plus de deputes de Foppo- the 10 elections between 1965 and 1997, their MPs have been sition y ont ete elusl Entre 1930 et 1963, l'electorat de in Opposition three times. Cardigan a vise juste dix fois de suite, mais a elu trois

* Ces chiffres n'incluent pas les elections partielles declenchees a la suite *This number does not include by-elections that were held following d'une nomination au Cabinet Jusqu'au milieu des annees 1930, les person- appointments to Cabinet. Until the mid 1930s, Cabinet appointees had to nes nominees au Cabinet devaient demissionner et se porter candidat a resign their seats and run for election again. These by-elections were formal- nouveau. Ces elections partielles n'etaient qu'une formalite que le candidat ities which the incumbent usually won by acclamation. remportait habituellement par acclamation. After gaining leadership of the Liberal Apres avoir accede au post de chef Party in 1919, William Lyon du parti liberal en 1919, William Mackenzie King chose to run in the Lyon MacKenzie King a choisi de se Prince County seat vacated by the presenter pour le siege du comte de death of Joseph Read. Prince laisse vacant par Joseph Read a sa mort.

In comparison, since 1904, when deputes de l'opposition entre 1965 Prince County/Egmont became a sin- et 1997. gle member riding, its MPs have sat D'un autre cote, depuis 1904, with the Government 20 times, and in alors que le comte de Prince/ Opposition nine times. Between 1921 Egmont devenait une circonscription and 1963, their MP was on the uninominale, les elus de ce comte Government side of the House in 13 ont fait partie du gouvernement 20 consecutive Parliaments. fois sur 29. Entre 1921 et 1963, le Nationally, Prime Minister Lester depute de ce comte a siege du cote Pearson resigned as Liberal leader du gouvernement, soit dans 13 and was replaced by the charismatic 1 Legislatures de suite. Pierre Elliot Trudeau. In the ensuing | Au plan national, Lester Pearson general election, "Trudeaumania" J demissionne en tant que chef du swept the Liberals to their first major- I Parti liberal et est remplace par le ity government since 1953. Prince | charismatique Pierre Elliot Trudeau. Edward Island seemed strangely | Lors des elections generales qui resistant to the phenomenon, and the 1 suivent, la Trudeaumanie permet Conservatives swept all four seats for | aux liberaux d'obtenir un gouverne- the fifth time in six elections. William Lyon MacKenzie King ment majoritaire pour la premiere fois depuis 1953. Etrangement, l'lle- Island Ridings: du-Prince-Edouard semble resister au phenomene Trudeau et MP Occupation Party les conservateurs sont elus en bloc; c'est la cinquieme fois en Egmont David MacDonald Minister PC six elections. Malpeque J. Angus MacLean Farmer PC Hillsboro Heath MacQuarrie Educator PC Circonscriptions de Pile Cardigan Melvin J. McQuaid Lawyer PC Depute Occupation Parti Egmont David MacDonald Ministre du culte PC Malpeque J. Angus MacLean Fermier PC General Election, 1972 Hillsboro Heath MacQuarrie Enseignant PC Cardigan Melvin J. McQuaid Avocat PC Standings in the House of Commons: Elections generales de 1972 Liberal 109 PC 107 Resultats a la NDP 31 Chambre des communes Social Credit 15 Liberaux 109 Independent 2 PC 107 NPD 31 The Liberals under Prime Minister Trudeau returned to Credit social 15 power, but were able to form only a minority government. Independants 2 Prince Edward Island returned to the Cabinet table when Daniel J. MacDonald was named Minister of Veterans' Les liberaux de M. Trudeau sont reelus, mais ne forment Affairs. Between 1965 and 1980, MacDonald was the Island's qu'un gouvernement minoritaire. L'f.-P.-E. fait a nouveau par- only Liberal MP. tie du Cabinet avec la nomination de Daniel J. MacDonald a la tete des Affaires des anciens combattants. De 1965 a 1980, Island Ridings: MacDonald est le seul depute liberal de Tile. MP Occupation Party Egmont David MacDonald Minister PC Malpeque J. Angus MacLean Farmer PC Circonscriptions de Tile Hillsboro Heath MacQuarrie Educator PC Depute Occupation Parti Cardigan Daniel J. MacDonald Farmer Lib Egmont David MacDonald Ministre du culte PC Malpeque J. Angus MacLean Fermier PC Hillsboro Heath MacQuarrie Enseignant PC Cardigan Daniel J. MacDonald Fermier Lib ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H ¥:f^MS-

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Edward Hackett Stanilaus Perry

Edward Hackett and Stanislaus Perry traded their Prince The first Acadian ever elected to the House of Commons, County Seat back and forth several times between 1874 and Stanislaus Perry represented Prince County four times between 1900. 1874 and his death in office in 1898. Edward Hackett et Stanislaus Perry se sont echanges leur siegePremier Acadien a etre nomme a la Chambre des communes, dans leur comte de Prince plusieurs fois entre 1874 et 1900. Stanislaus Perry a represents le comte de Prince a quatre reprises entre 1874 et sa mort en 1898, date a laquelle il etait toujours enfonction. General Election, 1974 Standings in the Elections generates de 1974 House of Commons: Liberal 141 Resultats a la Chambre des communes PC 95 Liberaux 141 NDP 16 PC 95 Creditiste 11 NPD 16 Independent 1 Credit social 11 Independants 1 Prime Minister Trudeau led the Liberals back to a majority government. Daniel J. MacDonald returned to Cabinet as Trudeau reussit a obtenir un autre gouvernement majori- Minister of Veterans' Affairs. taire. Daniel J. MacDonald demeure ministre des Affaires des anciens combattants. Island Ridings: MP Occupation Party Circonscriptions de File Egmont David MacDonald Minister PC Depute Occupation Parti Malpeque J. Angus MacLean Farmer PC Egmont David MacDonald Ministre du culte PC Hillsboro Heath MacQuarrie Educator PC Malpeque J. Angus MacLean Fermier PC Cardigan Daniel J. MacDonald Farmer Lib Hillsboro Heath MacQuarrie Enseignant PC Cardigan Daniel J. MacDonald Fermier Lib By-election, Malpeque, 24 May, 1 9 7 7 Election partielle dans Malpeque, le 24 mai 1 9 7 7

Malpeque fell vacant when long-time MP Angus MacLean Le siege de Malpeque se libere lorsque le veteran Angus decided to leave federal politics to become leader of the MacLean quitte la politique federate pour prendre la tete du provincial Progressive Conservative Party. The Liberals won Parti progressiste-conservateur de la province. Le candidat the seat for the first time since its creation with their candi- liberal Don Wood, un fermier, l'emporte; une premiere pour date, farmer Don Wood. le parti dans cette circonscription.

General Election, 1 9 7 9 Elections generates de 1979 Standings in the Resultats a la Chambre des communes House of Commons: PC 136 PC 136 Liberaux 114 Liberal 114 NPD 26 NDP 26 Credit social 6 Social Credit 6 Les conservateurs reprennent le pouvoir pour la premiere Led by Joseph Clark, the Conservatives returned to power fois en 16 ans avec Joseph Clark a leur tete. Toutefois, leur for the first time in 16 years; albeit as a minority govern- gouvernement est minoritaire. Le premier ministre Clark ment. Prime Minister Clark named David MacDonald nomme David MacDonald Secretaire d'Etat. Secretary of State. Circonscriptions de Tile Island Ri

Standings in the Resultats a la House of Commons: :4itfl;llli^Mi IliflflHH^^H Chambre des communes Liberal 147 Liberaux 147 PC 103 PC 103 NDP 32 -iKi^^^^v l NPD32 HHBHHI^E - v^^^H ^Si^^nl^H^^IHHJ :; ^^^^^^^^^^^HL . „••"•;;. iifeiri ^ ' JHHIH

H^HHI^^^HRP * *i ~™™^^^^^^^^^«igis^^^M Depute federal de tongue date en Saskatchewan, Charles Dunning ne ^^^^^^^^Hp- ,m*J\ A long-time MP from Saskachewan, s'est pas presents aux elections Charles Dunning did not run in the generates de 1935. Lorsque le pre- general election of 1935. When Prime ^^^^•f Mm^m mier ministre canadien MacKenzie Minister Mackenzie King wanted him King le voulait en poste en tant que in Ottawa as Finance Minister, MP ministre des Finances a Ottawa, le James Larabee gave up his Queens depute James Larabee a abandonne son siege dans le comte de Queens. County seat. Charles Dunning Island Ridings: Circonscriptions de Tile MP Occupation Party Depute Occupation Parti Egmont George Henderson Fish Plant Manager Lib Egmont George Henderson Gerant, Lib Malpeque Mel Gass Refrig. Engineer PC usine de poissons Hillsboro Tom MacMillan Political Scientist PC Malpeque Mel Gass Ing. frigoriste PC Cardigan Daniel J. MacDonald Farmer Lib Hillsboro Tom MacMillan Politicologue PC Cardigan Daniel J. MacDonald Fermier Lib By-election, Cardigan, 13 Apr, 1981 Election partielle de Cardigan, le 13 avril 1981 The Cardigan seat fell vacant with the death of Daniel MacDonald. The Liberals retained the seat with the election of Le siege de Cardigan se libere a la mort de Daniel , a former Premier. Campbell was then MacDonald. Les liberaux l'obtiennent avec le candidat named to the Cabinet in MacDonald's old post: Veterans' Bennett Campbell, un ancien premier ministre. Campbell Affairs. obtient le poste de MacDonald au Cabinet, ministre des Affaires des anciens combattants. General Election, 1984 Standings in the Elections generates de 1984 House of Commons: PC 211 Resultats a la Liberal 40 Chambre des communes NDP 30 PC 211 Independent 1 Liberaux 40 NPD 30 Conservative leader led his party to the Independants 1 biggest majority in Canadian history. Tom MacMillan was named to Cabinet, first as Minister of Tourism, later as Le chef du Parti conservateur, Brian Mulroney, gagne les Minister of the Environment. elections avec la plus grande majorite de Thistoire au pays. Tom MacMillan est nomme ministre du Tourisme et, plus tard, ministre de l'Environnement. Circonscriptions de Pile Depute Occupation Parti Egmont George Henderson Gerant, Lib usine de poissons Malpeque Mel Gass Ing. frigoriste PC Hillsboro Tom MacMillan Politicologue PC Cardigan Agent, PC dev. communautaire

Elections generates de 1988 Resultats a la Chambre des communes PC 169 Liberaux 83 NPD 43

Though he spent most of his political career representing Nova Scotia, J.L. Ralston was elected by acclamation in Prince County in 1940. Serving first as Minister of Finance, he was Mackenzie King's Minister of Defense until they had a falling out over conscription policy in 1944. Bien qu'il ait passe la majorite de sa carriere politique a representer la Nouvelle-Ecosse, J.L Ralston a ete elu par accla- mation dans le comte de Prince en 1940. Agissant au debut a titre de ministre des Finances, il fut ensuite ministre de la Defense sous MacKenzie King jusqu'a ce qu'ils eurent un dif- ferend au sujet des politiques en matiere de conscription en 1944. J.L. Ralston A brother of Andrew A. Macdonald, Augustine C. Macdonald won four elections in his Kings County riding prior to becom- ing Lieutenant Governor in 1915. Andrew A. and Augustine C. are the only brothers to serve as Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island.

Frere dAndrew A. Macdonald, Augustine C. Macdonald a remporte quatre elections dans sa circonscription du comte de Kings avant de devenir lieutenant-gouverneur en 1915. Andrew A. et Augustine C sont les seuls freres a avoir occupe le poste de lieutenant-gouverneur de VIle-du-Prince-Edouard.

Island Ridings: MP Occupation Party Egmont George Henderson Fish Plant Manager Lib Malpeque Mel Gass Refrig. Engineer PC Hillsboro Tom MacMillan Political Scientist PC Cardigan Pat Binns Community Development Officer PC

General Election, 1988 A.C. Macdonald Standings in the House of Commons: La campagne electorate gravite autour du libre-echange avec PC 169 les Etats-Unis et les conservateurs du premier ministre Lib 83 Mulroney obtiennent une deuxieme victoire consecutive; cela NDP 43 ne s'est pas produit depuis le debut des annees 1960. C'est aussi la premiere fois depuis 1953 que le gouvernement elu est In an election fought on the issue of Free Trade with the majoritaire pour deux mandats de suite. L'l.-P.-E., autrefois United States, Prime Minister Mulroney led the partisane du libre-echange, rejette maintenant l'idee et quatre Conservatives to their first back-to-back election victory candidats liberaux sont elus pour la premiere fois depuis 1953. since the early 1960s. His was also the first back-to-back Le premier ministre demissionne de son poste au cours de majority government since 1953. Prince Edward Island, once Fete 1993 et est remplace par Kim Campbell, la premiere a passionate supporter of the free trade concept, came out femme a etre premier ministre au pays. strongly against the idea, returning a majority of Liberals for the first time since 1953. Prime Minister Mulroney resigned Circonscriptions de File as party leader in the summer of 1993. His replacement, Kim Depute Occupation Parti Campbell, became the country's first female Prime Minister. Egmont Joe MacGuire Enseignant Lib Malpeque Commercante Lib Island Ridings: Hillsboro George Proud Gestionnaire immob. Lib MP Occupation Party Cardigan Lawrence MacAulay Fermier Lib Egmont Joe McGuire Educator Lib Malpeque Catherine Callbeck Merchant Ob Hillsboro George Proud Property Manager lib Elections generates de 1 9 9 3 Cardigan Lawrence MacAulay Farmer Lib Resultats a la Chambre des communes General Election, 1 9 9 3 Liberaux 174 Bloc Quebecois 54 Standings in the Reformistes 52 House of Commons: NPD 9 Lib 174 PC 2 Bloc Quebecois 54 Independants 1 Reform 52 Le chef liberal, Jean Chretien, obtient la victoire par une NDP 9 large majorite, ne laissant que deux sieges aux conserva- PC 2 teurs. De son cote, FI.-P.-E. n'obtient aucune representation Independent 1 au Cabinet, malgre le fait que les quatre candidats elus sont Liberal leader Jean Chretien led his party to a large majority, des liberaux.A A l'exception des trois elections ou tous les reducing the Progressive Conservative party to two seats. deputes de File faisaient partie de Fopposition, c'est la pre- miere fois depuis 1957 que le Cabinet ne comprend pas un Despite returning a full slate of Liberal MPs, Prince Edward depute de File. Island was shut out of Cabinet. Except for three occasions when we failed to elect an MP to the Government side of the House, no federal cabinet had been without an Island MP since 1957. Island Ridings: Circonscriptions de Pile MP Occupation Party Depute Occupation Parti Egmont Joe McGuire Educator Lib Egmont Joe MacGuire Enseignant Lib Malpeque Farmer Lib Malpeque Wayne Easter Fermier Lib Hillsboro George Proud Property Manager Lib Hillsboro George Proud Gestionnaire immob. Lib Cardigan Lawrence MacAulay Farmer Lib Cardigan Lawrence MacAulay Fermier Lib

General Election, 1997 Elections generates de 1997 Standings in the House of Commons: Resultats a la Chambre des communes lib 155 Liberaux 155 Reform 60 Reformistes 60 Bloc Quebecois 44 Bloc Quebecois 44 NDP 21 NPD 21 PC 20 PC 20 Independent 1 Independants 1 Winning a reduced majority, Prime Minister Cretien became Le premier ministre Jean Chretien mene ses troupes a la vic- the first Liberal leader to win back-to-back majority govern- toire, malgre une majorite reduite. II est le premier chef ments since Louis St. Laurent. Prince Edward Island again liberal a obtenir deux mandats majoritaires de suite depuis returned only Liberal MPs and, for the first time in nine Louis St-Laurent. L'l.-P.-E. n'elit encore une fois que des years, an Island MP was named to Cabinet as Lawrence liberaux et, pour la premiere fois en neuf ans, un depute de MacAulay became Minister of Labour. Tile est nomme au Cabinet; il s'agit de Lawrence MacAulay, qui devient ministre du Travail.

Island Ridings: A MP Occupation Party Circonscriptions de Pile Egmont Joe McGuire Educator Lib Depute Occupation Parti Malpeque Wayne Easter Farmer Lib Egmont Joe MacGuire Enseignant Lib Hillsboro George Proud Property Manager lib Malpeque Wayne Easter Fermier Lib Cardigan Lawrence MacAulay Farmer Lib Hillsboro George Proud Gestionnaire immob. Lib Cardigan Lawrence MacAulay Fermier Lib

Off to Ottawa Direction Ottawa... If you are thinking of a career as a federal Member of Si vous pensez faire carriere en tant que depute federal, voici Parliament, here are a few observations based on the past quelques observations basees sur les 125 dernieres annees. 125 years. Un tiers des deputes avaient une carriere professionnelle - One third of our MPs had professional careers -In medi- en medecine, en journalisme, en enseignement ou en droit - en cine, journalism, teaching or the law - in addition to their plus de leur carriere politique. Un autre tiers avait fait carriere political careers. Another third had careers in commerce. dans le cpmmerce au detail et les autres etaient fermiers. En The final third, fittingly enough, were farmers. The latter, by passant, ces derniers sont les seuls a demontrer une the way, are the only occupational group that shows a prefer- preference de Parti - les trois quarts des fermiers elus etaient ence of one party over another - three-quarters of the des liberaux. Essayez de vous faire elire a l'Assemblee legisla- Island's farmer MPs were elected as Liberals* Try to get tive de la province pour commencer. Soixante-dix p. cent de some experience as an MLA first. Seventy percent of our nos deputes federaux avaient deja ete elus a 1'echelle provin- MPs also had "MLA" on their resume — nine have even ciale, meme que neuf d'entre eux ont deja ete premier ministre served as Premier; four before and five after their terms in de la province (quatre avant leur mandat federal et cinq, Ottawa. Islanders seem to like incumbents. Getting elected apres). Les Insulaircs semblent aimer reelire leurs deputes; once gives you a 66% chance of getting elected again. But une fois elu, vous avez 66 % de chances d'etre reelu, mais 25 deputes seulement out reussi a se faire elire trois fois ou plus. more times. Don't set your heart on getting a Cabinet post. Evitez de vouloir obtenir un poste de Cabinet a tout prix. Seuls Only 15 Island MPs have sat in Cabinet, and three of these 15 deputes de 1'fle ont obtenu un posteAau Cabinet, et trois weren't even from here! Running as a Liberal gives you an d'entre eux ne venaient meme pas de Tile! Etre candidat du edge, but only a slight one. Forty-four of our 73 MPs (60%) Parti liberal vous donne un certain avantage, mais rien de tres were elected as Liberals. important. Quarante-quatre des 73 deputes de rile (60 %) Finally, if you harbour the ultimate ambition of a etaient liberaux. Canadian politician, take heart in the fact that an 'Island" Finalement, si votre ambition est de faire carriereAen poli- MP actually went on the become the longest-serving Prime tique federate, n'oubliez pas que c'est un depute de l'lle qui a Minister in Canadian history! ete le premier ministre en poste le plus longtemps dans l'his- toire du Canada!

10 Roll Call / Iiste des deputes

Elected once / Peter Sinclair Lib Elected 3 times / Elus a 3 reprises Elus une seule fois John Yeo Lib Lester Douglas Lib Alex Warburton Lib Mel Gass Con John H Bell Lib Don Wc||| Lib Thomas Grant Lib Patrick Binns Con Lawrence MacAulay Lib Catherine Callbeck Lib Elected twice / Daniel MacDonaid Lib Bennett Campbell Lib Elus a deux {reprises John A Macdonald Sr. Con Charles Dunning Lib Fred de St Croix Brecken |[Con Peter Maclntyre Lib Donald Farquharson Lib Daniel Davies Con Chester MacLure Con Austin Levi Fraser Con Wayne Easter J| Lib Tom MacMillan Con Horace Haszard Lib George Henderson fl Lib Joe McGuire Lib Wm. Lyon Mackenzie King Lib John J Jenkins Con Orville Phillips Con James Larabee Lib !f Robert Jenkins Lib James Pope Con Wilbur MacDonaid Con Thomas J. Kickham lib George Proud Lib James Maclsaac Con David Laird ' Ub John Sinclair Lib Donald MacKinnon Lib AA Lefurgey Con John MacLean Con John A Macdonald Jr Con Elected 4 times / Elus a 4 reprises Donald MacLellan Lib Margaret Macdonald Con Louis H Davies lib Cyrus MacMillan Lib DA MacKinnon Lib Edward Hackett Con Alex Martin Con Angus A MacLean Con James Hughes Lib Neil A. Matheson lib Meivin McQuaid Con AC Macdonald Con John Messery Con Donald Nicholson Con J Watson MacNaught Lib John Mullally Lib James Ralston Lib Stanislaus Perry Lib Ephriam Muttart Con James Richards Lib John Myers Con James E Robertson Lib Elected 5 times / Elus a 5 reprises Lemuel Prowse Lib Peter Sinclair Lib David MacDonaid Con Joseph Read Lib William Welsh Lib Alfred MacLean Lib

Bennett Campbell Meivin McQuaid Alfred E. MacLean After serving for a short time as Later leader of the provincial PC Party, First elected in 1921, Alfred E. Premier, Campbell represented Meivin McQuaid represented Kings MacLean represented his Prince County Cardigan from 1980 to 1984. County from 1965 to 1972. riding until 1939. Apres avoir ete premier ministre pen- Devenant plus tard le chefdu parti con- Elu pour la premiere fois en 1921, dant une courte periode de temps, servateur de Vile, Meivin McQuaid a Alfred E. MacLean a represente sa cir- Campbell a represents Cardigan de represente le comte de Kings de 1965 a conscription du comte de Prince 1980 a 1984. 1972. jusqu'en 1939.

11 ^ > —

James Yeo (Lib) Heath MacQuarrie (Con) J. Angus MacLean (Con) ^ Elected 6 times / Elus a 6 reprises Elected 8 times / Elus a 8 reprises Elected 10 times / Elus a 10 reprises

The Red Chamber La Chambre haute George Howlan is unique in Canadian politics for being George Howlan est le seul politicien canadien a avoir ete appointed to the Senate no fewer that three times! First nomme au Senat trois fois! II est nomme une premiere fois appointed in 1873, he resigned in December, 1880, then was en 1873 et demissionne en decembre 1880. II retourne au re-appointed three weeks later in January, 1881. No one has Senat trois semaines plus tard, en Janvier 1881. Personne n'a ever been able to find out why this occurred - the Privy jamais pu trouver le pourquoi de ces incidents - le Bureau de Council Office, Senate Proceedings and newspapers from Conseil prive, le compte rendu officiel du Senat et les jour- the time are all silent. He resigned 1891 to run in the general naux de l'epoque n'en parlent pas. II demissionne a nouveau election and was re-appointed after his defeat at the polls. He en 1891 pour se porter candidat aux elections generates et resigned for the final time in 1894 to take an appointment as est a nouveau nomme au Senat a la suite de sa defaite. Enfin, Lieutenant Governor. il demissionne une derniere fois en 1894 pour accepter le Aside from Howlan, three others have been both Senator poste de lieutenant-gouverneur. and Lieutenant Governor. In 1879, T. Heath Haviland Mis a part Howlan, trois autres personnes ont ete sena- resigned from the Senate to become Lieutenant Governor, teur et lieutenant-gouverneur. En 1879, T. Heath Haviland as did Jebidiah Carvell in 1889. So far, only Andrew demissionne de son poste au Senat pour devenir lieutenant- A. Macdonald has followed a term as Lieutenant Governor gouverneur, et Jebidiah Carvell fait la meme chose en 1889. with an appointment to the Senate. Lieutenant Governor Jusqu'a present, seul Andrew A. Macdonald est passe d'un from 1884 until 1889, he accepted an appointment to the poste de lieutenant-gouverneur a une nomination au Senat. Senate in 1891. Ainsi, il a ete lieutenant-gouverneur de 1884 a 1889 et il a Prior parliamentary experience seems to be a factor in accepte un poste au Senat en 1891. getting a Senate appointment. Eleven of our Senators have L'experience parlementaire semble jouer un role impor- been MLAs, four have been MPs, and eight have been both tant quand vient le temps d'etre nomme au Senat. Gnze de MLA and MP before their appointment to Senate. Three - nos senateurs ont deja ete deputes a l'Assemblee legislative, Robert Haythorne, J. Walter Jones and Catherine Callbeck - quatre ont ete deputes federaux et huit ont cumule ces deux held the office of provincial Premier before accepting a mandats avant de devenir senateurs. Trois d'entre eux, soit Senate appointment. Two Senators - Andrew A. Macdonald Robert Haythorne, J. Walter Jones et Catherine Callbeck, and T. Heath Haviland - are also considered "Fathers of flpnt ete premier ministre avant d'accepter un poste au Senat. Confederation." Deux de nos senateurs, Andrew A. Macdonald et T. Heath By occupation, Island Senators show a slightly different Haviland, font partie de ce qu'on appelle les « Peres de la profile than their colleagues in the House of Commons. ilonfederalion ». Almost half had a career in business outside of politics; Du cote carriere, les secateurs de File different de leurs seven were farmers; seven others were medical profession- collegues de la Chambre des communes. Pres de la moitie als and educators. Somewhat surprisingly, given that the ont fait carriere en affaires, sept etaient fermiers et sept Senate is the "House of sober second thought" where legis- autres etaient des professionnels de la sante ou des lation is examined minutely for possible errors and implica- enseignants. Fait etonnant, seulement deux d'entre eux tions, only two of the Island's 33 Senators have been etaient avocats, alors que le Senat est la Chambre de reflex- lawyers. ion, ou Ton examine les mesures legislatives pour s'assurer qu elles ne contiennent aucune erreur.

12 Senator/ Year Appointed/ Senateur Annee de nomination Robert P. Haythorne 1873 T. Heath Haviland 1873 George Howlan f 1873,1881,1891 Donald Montgomery 1873 Jebidiah Carvell I 1879 Samuel Prowse A 1879 Andrew A. Macdonald 1891 Donald Ferguson 1893 Joseph Octave Arsenault i 1895 John Yeo 1898 James E. Robertson 1902 I Benjamin Prowse 1911 J Partick Murphy 1912 lp JohnMacLean 1915 Creelman MacArthur l8i 1925 James J. Hughes 1925 John E. Sinclair John A. Macdonald Sr. James Maclntyre Thomas Grant Brewer Robinson Thomas V. Grant Physician Thomas Grant served as a George Barbour 1949 Liberal MP in three consecutive govern- J. Walter Jones 1953 ments under Wm. Lyon MacKenzie King. Elsie Inman In 1949 he accepted an appointment to John J. MacDonald 1958 the Senate. Orville Phillips 1963 Thomas Kickham Le physicien Thomas Grant fut depute Lome Bonnell 1971 liberal federal dans trois administra- Heath MacQuarrie 1979 tions consecutives de Wm. Lyon Eileen Rossiter 1986 MacKenzie King. En 1949, il accepta Doris Anderson 1995 une nomination au Senat. Catherine Callbeck 1997 Archibald Johnstone 1998

(left) Robert Haythorne was among the Island's first appointees to the Senate. As Premier, he had led the government that built the railroad which so strained the colony's finances that it had to seek entry into Confederation. (gauche) Robert Haythorne etait parmi les premiers Insulaires nommes au senat. A titre de premier ministre, il a mene le gouvernement qui a construit le chemin de fer et qui a tellement greve les finances de la colonie qu'elle a du demander Ventree dans la Confederation.

(right) Brewer Robinson was appointed to the Senate in 1945. (droit) Brewer Robinson a ete nomme au Senat en 1945. Robert P. Haythorne Brewer Robinson

13 Islanders Away Les Insulaires dans les autres provinces A surprising number of Islanders have done well in politics Un nombre assez surprenant d'Insulaires ont fait carriere en in other provinces. Between 1867 and 1967, the following politique dans d'autres provinces. Entre 1867 et 1967, les Island-born Senators and MPs have represented ridings in senateurs et deputes federaux ci-dessous, tous originaires de , Alberta, Saskachewan, , New Tile, ont represents des circonscriptions de la Colombie- Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Britannique, de l'Alberta, de la Saskatchewan, de l'Ontario, du Nouveau-Brunswick et de la Nouvelle-Ecosse.

Name Born in: Represented: Nom Lieu de naissance Representation Telesphere Arsenault Egmont Bay MP for Kent County, NB Depute, Kent, N.-B. Stanislaus Blanchard Rustico MP for Madawaska, NB Depute, Madawaska, N.-B. Milton Campbell Greenvale MP for Mackenzie, Sask Depute, Mackenzie, Sask. Clarence Jamieson Bedeque MPforDigby,NS , Depute, Digby, N.-E. James Matthews Albany MP for Brandon, Man Depute, Brandon, Man. Angus Maclnnis Glen William MP for Vancouver, BC Depute, Vancouver, C.-B. EricMacKay Summerside MP for Weyburn, Sask Depute, Weyburn, Sask. George MacPhee St. Catherines MPforYorkton,Sask Depute, Yorkton, Sask. George Nicholson Crapaud MPforAlgoma, Ont Depute, Algoma, Ont. Nelson Rattenbury Charlottetown Senator for NB I Senateur au N.-B. Daniel Riley Charlottetown MP for Saint John, NB Depute, Saint-Jean, N.-B. Daniel E. Riley East Baltic Senator for Alb. I Senateur en Alb. George Ross Bedeque Senator for Alb. | Senateur en Alb. Benjamin Ross Charlottetown Senator for NS Senateur en N.-E. John Stanfield Charlottetown MP and Senator for N.S. Senateur et depute, N.-E. Hugh Sutherland New London MP for Brandon, Man Depute, Brandon, Man.

14 Lieutenant Governors Les lieutenants-gouverneurs The Lieutenant Governor is the province's "vice-regal" pres- Le lieutenant-gouverneur joue le role du « vice-roi » de la ence. Acting for the Monarch's representative, the Governor province. Relevant du representant de la reine, le General, the Lieutenant Governor is the province's formal Gouverneur general, le lieutenant-gouverneur est le chef head of government. Technically speaking, the Legislature officiel du gouvernement de la province. Theoriquement, runs the province on the Lieutenant Governor's behalf. l'Assemblee legislative dirige la province au nom du lieu- As with the Senate, appointments to the office of tenant-gouverneur. Lieutenant Governor come from Ottawa. The "business Tout comme au Senat, les nominations au poste de lieu- class" has dominated this office - almost two thirds of our tenant-gouverneur viennent d'Ottawa. La classe des affaires lieutenant Governors made their living as business owners. domine titns le milieu - pres des deux tiers des lieutenants- Three have been farmers, three lawyers and three educa- gouverneurs etaient proprietaires d'entreprises. Trois tors. Seventeen Lieutenant Governors served first in the etaient fermiers, trois autres, avocats, et trois etaient Provincial Legislature. Two, D.A. MacKinnon and A.C. enseignants. Dix-sept lieutenants-gouverneurs ont ete Macdonald, had experience in both the provincial and feden deputes a l'Assemblee legislative, alors que D. A. al parliaments. One, Dr. Peter Maclntyre, was a long-serving iljacKinnon et A. C Macdonald ont fait partie des elus au MP before accepting the post. Although no Lieutenant provincial et au federal. Un des lieutenants-gouverneurs, Governor ever served as Premier, Benjamin Rogers gave it a Peter Maclntyre, etait depute federal depuis longtemps try, leading the Liberals into the 1915 provincial election lorsqu'il a accepts le poste. Bien qu'aucun lieutenant-gou- after serving a term as Governor! verneur n'ait ete premier ministre, Benjamin Rogers, apres un mandat de lieutenant-gouverneur, a ete candidat aux elec- tions provinciale de 1915 en tant que chef du Parti liberal. Lt Governor/ Term in office/ Lieutenants-gouverneurs Mandats

Robert Hodgson 1874-1879 T. Heath Haviland 1879-1884 Andrew A. Macdonald 1884-1889 Jebidiah Carvell 1889-1894 George Howlan 1894-1899 Peter Mclntyre 1899-1904 Donald A MacKinnon 1904-1910 Benjamin Rogers 1910-1915 Augustine C. Macdonald 1915-1919 Murdock MacKinnon 1919-1924 Frank R. Heartz 1924-1930 1930-1934 George DeBlois 1934-1939 Bradford LePage 1939-1945 Joseph A. Bernard 1945-1950 T.W. Lemuel Prowse 1950-1958 F. Walter Hyndman 1958-1963 W. Joseph MacDonald 1963-1969 George MacKay 1969-1974 Gordon Bennett 1974-1980 Joseph Aubin Doiron 1980-1985 Lloyd MacPhail 1985-1990 Marion Reid 1990-1995 1995-

Appointed to the Senate in 1879, J.S. Carvell resigned in 1889 to become Lieutenant Governor. Nomme au Senat en 1879, J.S. Cavell a demissionne en 1889 afin de devenir lieutenant-gouverneur. Jebidiah Carvell

15 The Republic of Prince Edward Island? La republique de TIle-du-Prince-Edouard? Lieutenant Governor J.G. MacKay died in office on 21 Le lieutenant-gouverneur J. G. MacKay est decede le 21 octo- October, 1974. Later that same day, the Hon. Mitchell Sharp, bre 1974, avant la fin de son mandat. Un peu plus tard ce President of the Privy Council, explained to the House of jour-la, Mitchell Sharp, president du Conseil prive, faisait le Commons: "There is no provision in the British North discours suivant en Chambre : « LActe de FAmerique du America Act under which an administrator may act during a nord britannique ne prevoit pas le remplacement par interim vacancy in the office of Lieutenant Governor.... I mention this d'un lieutenant-gouverneur... Je souligne ce fait pour expli- so that Members of the House and the public may under- quer aux Reputes de la Chambre et au public ce qui pourrait stand the reason for what otherwise might appear tp be sembler etre une decision native pour combler le poste qui unseemly haste in filling the office that has been left vacant s'est libere si brusquement. » so suddenly." Toutefois... However... La Gazette royale du 29 juillet 1919 souligne le deces du lieu- The Royal Gazette for 29 July, 1919 noted the death of tenant-gouverneur A, C. Macdonald le 16 juillet. Dans le Lieutenant Governor A.C. Macdonald on 16 July. In the same m£me numero, on annonce que le Juge en chef J. A. issue was a notice that Chief Justice J.A. Mathieson had Matheson est assermente le 26 juillet 1919 pour devenir taken the oath of office as Administrator of the Province of TAdministrateur de la province de rile-du-Prince-Edouard. II Prince Edward Island on 26 July, 1919. Mathieson filled this est reste en poste jusqu'au 8 septembre, date a laquelle un position until 8 September, when a new Lieutenant Governor, nouveau lieutenant-gouverneur, Murdock MacKinnon, est Murdock MacKinnon was sworn in. For six weeks the Island assermente. Pendant six semaines, Tile s'est gouvernee toute governed itself with no reference to its formal "Head of seule sans faire mention de son ancien « chef d'Etat ». Les State." The affairs of the province appear to have passed affaires de la province ne semblent pas en avoir ete affectees. without question or undue alarm.

Sources Les Sources The sources I found most useful in researching this article Voici les sources qui ont ete le plus utiles a l'auteur pour la were: The Canadian Parliamentary Guide, Guide to redaction du present article : The Canadian Parliamentary Canadian Ministries Since Confederation, History of the Guide, Guide to Canadian Ministries Since Confederation, Federal Electoral Ridings, 1867-1992, The Conservative PartyHistory of the Federal Electoral Ridings, 1867-1992, The (Heath MacQuarrie), Pendulum of Power: Canada's Federal Conservative Party (Heath MacQuarrie), Pendulum of Power: Elections (J. Murray Beck) and Canada's Federal Elections (J. Canada's Electoral System. I also con- Murray Beck) et Canada's Electoral sulted: The Examiner, The Guardian System. Lauteur a aussi consulte les and The Patriot newspapers, ifii journaux suivants: The Examiner, The Guardian et The Patriot, iSi

A power in provincial politics, Une autorite en matiere de politique George Howlan had to content him- provinciate, George Howland a du se self with a Senate seat after run- contenter d'un siege au Senat apres ning unsuccessfully for the House of s'etre presente, sans succes, pour un Commons in 1873. A restless siege a la Chambre des communes en Senator, he holds the distinction of 1873. Senateur impatient, il est resigning three different times from reconnu pour avoir demissionne de la the Red Chamber. Chambre haute a trois reprises. George Howlan

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