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Toxicity of Some Insecticides Against the Oriental Hornet Vespa Orientalis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Mazeed, A

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Toxicity of Some Insecticides Against the Oriental Hornet Vespa Orientalis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Mazeed, A Eg ypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2019), 2 (2): 315 - 321 Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute www.ejppri.eg.net Toxicity of some insecticides against the oriental hornet Vespa orientalis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Mazeed, A. R. A. Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. ARTICLE INFO Abstract: Article History The present investigations were carried out at the Received:5 / 5 / 2019 laboratory of Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, Accepted: 20 / 6 /2019 Sohag Governorate, Egypt during 2016 season to evaluate _______________ toxicity of Lambda-cyhalothrin 10%WP, Acetamiprid Keywords 25% SP, Diazinon 60% EC and Emamectin Benzoate 5% Toxicity, insecticides , SG insecticides against the oriental hornet Vespa oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis L. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Also to evaluate orientalis , diluting and diluting these insecticides with sugar, flour and talc honeybee colony. powder and its effect against the oriental hornet. Also to study indirect effects of Acetamiprid 25% insecticide with different concentration on V. orientalis adults. The results showed that Acetamiprid 25% and Lambda- cyhalothrin 10% recorded the lowest time required for killing the wasps with 1.88 and 3.04 Minutes, respectively, by no significant difference between them. However, the highest time was recorded for Emamectin Benzoate 5% with 122.40 minutes. Diluted all insecticides with sugar recorded the shortest time needed to kill oriental hornet with mean number (3.67, 4.48,100.10 and 159.10 Minutes) for Lambda-cyhalothrin 10%, Acetamiprid 25%, Diazinon %60 and Emamectin Benzoate %5, respectively. The indirect effects of Acetamiprid 25% recorded the shortest time needed to kill oriental hornet with 25% concentration (2.96 Minutes) for stage1. For stage 2, the 2.5% concentration with sugar recorded the shortest time needed to kill hornet with average (7.14 Minutes). Introduction The oriental hornet, Vespa and Al-Heyari et al., 2016). Among orientalis L. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) is many pests were found attacking Apis considered a major pest to honey bees in mellifera L. (Hymenoptera : Apidae) many arab countries such as Egypt, colony, V. orientalis was recorded to be Iraq, Saudi Arabia, United Arab one of the most destructive pests to the Emirate, Lebanon, Oman ,Yemen , bees (Vishwakarma et al., 2012). The Sudan, Syria, Jordan and Palestine oriental hornet, V. orientalis is (Glaiim,2009; Khodairy and Awad, considered one of the factors which 2013; Abdelaal and El-Defrawy, 2014 effective for the honey bee colonies in 315 Mazeed, 2019 Egypt because it caused heavy losses in at the rate 1 gram to 100 gram powder apicultural development (Ghania and sugar and return release it every week Abdel-Aziem, 2015). It considered a were reduced the wasps in the traps for predatory–carnivorous insects feeding three months after releasing. The mainly their brood with animal proteins objective of this study is to evaluate (insects, pieces from fresh or spoiled toxicity of Lambda-cyhalothrin 10%WP, meat and fish) while the adults are fed Acetamiprid 25% SP, Diazinon 60% EC with carbohydrates (nectar, honeydew and Emamectin Benzoate5% SG and ripe fruits). Bee hives constitute insecticides against the oriental hornet. places where the wasps can find the best Also to evaluate diluting of these combination of proteins from animal insecticides with sugar, flour and talc origin (bees or larvae) and carbohydrates powder and its effect against the oriental (nectar and honey) (Bacandritsos et al., hornet. Indirect effects of dilution 2006). At first they attack on the weak Acetamiprid 25% insecticide by bee colonies, which are the most different substance (sugar, flour and defenseless and then the damages are powder) against V. orientalis adults in extended to the healthier ones. Bee the laboratory. colonies can be weakened by wasp, Materials and methods especially hornet predation (Adlakha, The present investigation was 1975 and Akratanakul, 1986). carried out at the laboratory of In order to control wasps, various Shandaweel Agricultural Research methods have been used based either on Station, Sohag Governorate, Egypt the use of insecticides or on the traps of during 2016 season. free of insecticides. Baits mixed with 1.Hornets stock: The hornets were insecticides were used for wasps control, collected from apiaries using a in this case the adults become victims modified sweep net (with a but before they are killed and transfered transparent clothes). Each 5 the poisoning insecticide to the brood hornets placed in a plastic jar (Tsanakakis and Katsogiannos, 1998 and with some sugar and a piece of Sackmann et al., 2001). In other cases, cotton wet with water until to the nest can be detected and sprayed execute the experiments. during the night with various insecticides 2.Insecticides: Table (1) showed (Ifantidis, 1995). Ghania and Abdel- four insecticides were used and Aziem (2015) found that dusting the evaluated the toxicity against the trapped wasps by linnet insecticide 90% oriental hornet V. orientalis. Table (1): Insecticides used to evaluate the toxicity against the oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis. Common name Family Mode of action Lambda-cyhalothrin 10%WP Pyrethroid contact and stomach action Acetamiprid 25% SP Neonicotinoid contact and stomach action Diazinon 60% EC Organophosphor contact and stomach action Emamectin Benzoate5% SG Avermectin Acts on nerve cells 3. Effect of certain insecticides on acting insecticides and every five Vespa orientalis adults: minutes for slow-acting insecticides. In this experiment, 10 plastic jars 4. Effect of insecticides diluted with were used, each with 5 wasps. These different substance (sugar, flour and wasps were transferred to jars with the powder) on Vespa orientalis adults: insecticide to be tested and shaken In this experiment, the previous several times. It is then placed in a clean insecticides were diluted using sugar, jar and inspected every minute for quick- 316 Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2019), 2 (2): 315 - 321 flour and talcum powder then the wasps Data in Figure (1) showed that the were dusted in the same way as before. effect of certain insecticides on V. 5. Indirect effects of Acetamiprid 25% orientalis adults. It is clear that insecticide with different Acetamiprid 25% and Lambda- concentration on Vespa orientalis cyhalothrin 10% recorded the lowest adults: time required for killing the wasps with In this experiment, the indirect 1.88 and 3.04 Minutes, respectively, by effect of Acetamiprid 25% diluted with no significant difference between them. different substance (sugar, flour and However, the highest time was recorded powder) on V. orientalis adults was for Emamectin Benzoate 5% with 122.40 studied in two stages: Minutes. Stage 1: In which a wasp was dusted These results are in partially with the insecticide placed with 5 wasps agreement with Al-Heyari et al. (2016) not treated with insecticide. It was who tested 4 insecticides against the repeated 10 times. hornets and found that the total number Stage 2: In which the wasps were placed of the dead oriental wasps counted after from the previous 5 wasps after dead one hour of treatment were 80.42% , with 5 other untreated wasps. It was 78.50%,75.17% and 68.33 % for repeated 10 times. Fipronile, Imidacloprid, Diazinon and Results and discussions Deltamethrin, respectively. 1. Effect of certain insecticides against Vespa orientalis adults: F. value = 1291.594* Figure (1): Effect of certain insecticides on Vespa orientalis adults. 2. Effect of insecticides diluted with needed to kill hornet with mean time different substance (sugar, flour and (3.67 Minutes) followed significantly by powder) against Vespa orientalis flour (4.89 Minutes) and powder (5.01 adults: Minutes) with no significant difference 2.1. Effect of Lambda-cyhalothrin between them. The highest concentration 10% diluted with sugar, flour and gives the lowest time and the inverse is powder against Vespa orientalis adults: correct. The concentrates 5% and 1% Data in Table (2) showed that the recorded (3.30 and 5.74 Minutes effect of Lambda-cyhalothrin 10% respectively). diluted with different substance against The interaction between V. orientalis adults. The average of all concentrates and the dilution substance counts were calculated as shown in Table was significant. The shortest time was (2), which indicated that the dilution found at concentrate 5% with sugar (3.14 with sugar recorded the shortest time Minutes) followed insignificantly by 317 Mazeed, 2019 flour and powder at 5% and sugar at 1%. in partially agreement with Raghavendra However, the longest time was observed et al. (2011) whom found that in in concentrate 1% with powder with insecticide susceptibility tests, Anopheles insignificant difference with flour at the culicifacies Giles (Diptera : Culicidae), same concentration with (6.64 and 6.38 registered 97% mortality to Malathion Minutes, respectively). These results are and 93% to Lambda-cyhalothrin. Table (2): Effect of Lambda-cyhalothrin 10% diluted with sugar, flour and powder against Vespa orientalis adults. Time per Minutes 5% 1% Mean Sugar 3.14 b 4.20 b 3.67 b Flour 3.40 b 6.38 a 4.89 a Powder 3.38 b 6.64 a 5.01 a Mean 3.30 5.74 ----- F. value for matters= 6.1977*, F. value for concentrates= 46.5985* and F. value for interaction=3.7622*L.S.D. value for matters= 0.9177 2.2. Effect of Acetamiprid 25% diluted concentrates 12.5% and 2.5% recorded with different substance (sugar, flour (5.13 and 9.50 Minutes respectively). and powder) against Vespa orientalis The interaction between adults: concentrates and the dilution substance Data in Table (3) showed the was significant. The shortest and the effect of Acetamiprid 25% diluted with longest times were found in concentrate different substance against V. orientalis 12.5% with sugar (3.04 Minutes) and in adults. The mean of all counts were concentrate 2.5% with powder, calculated as shown in Table (3), which respectively.
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