Periodensystem der Elemente mit Gmelin-Systemnummern , ! i 1 2 I =~ I 2 f ; 2 ~ H H He -, ; ~ 3 4 ä 26 5 13 6 14 7 4 8 3 9 5 10 I Li 20 8e B C N 0 F Ne -~ •~ I 12 I 13 15 16 9 17 18 I " 21 27 35 ~i15 16 6 •,~ Na Mg i I AI P S CI Ar ~ ~ 20 23 24 27 32 35 19 21 39 52 25 56 26 59 58 29 60 30 32 31 36 45 33 17 34 10 36 I • 22 28 ~~41 48 ~~57 7 •, K Ca S, V Cr Mn Fe Co Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr • 37 38 40 41 42 43 46 61 49 50 53 54 I • 24 29 39 39 42 49 53 69 44 63 45 6. 65 47 48 33 37 46 51 18 52 " 8 • Nb Mo T, Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn •, Rb Sr Y Zr Sb T. J X. ~ • 57** 73 74 75 78 82 84 ~ 55 25 56 72 43 76 66 77 67 79 62 80 34 81 38 47 85 86 I 30 50 54 70 68 :~19 12 • Cs Ba La 39 HI Ta W Re Os Ir PI Au Hg TI Pb Po AI Rn , , 87 88 89"** !- 31 104 71 105 71 ,. Fr Ra Ac 40 ~ I~H, 231 •~ ,., ; "Lanthanide 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 • 39 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Oy Ho Er Tm Vb Lu •o -"~ **Aclinfde 90 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 102 103 - 44 91 51 55 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 101 71 71 71 Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk CI Es Fm Md 0(1) Lr Gmelin Handbook 01 Inorganic Chemislry
8th Edition Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry
8th Edition
Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie
Achte. völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage
Prepared GmeLin-lnstitut für Anorganische Chemie and issued by der Max-PLanck- Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften Director: Ekkehard FLuck
Founded by Leopold Gmelin 8th Edition 8th Edition begun under the auspices of the Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft by R. J . Meyer Continued by E.H.E. Pietsch and A. Kotowski, and by Margot Becke-Goehring
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1987 Gmelin-Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften
ADVISORY BOARD Dr. G. Breit, Chairman (Ruhrchemie AG, Oberhausen-Holten), Prof. Dr. K. Dehnicke (Philipps• Universität Marburg), Prof. Dr. N. N. Greenwood (University of Leeds), Prof. Dr. H. Grünewald (Bayer AG, Leverkusen), Prof. Dr. H. Harnisch (Hoechst AG, FrankfurUMain-Höchst), Prof. Dr. H. Nöth (Universität München), Prof. Dr. H. Oftermanns (Degussa AG, FrankfurUMain), Prof. Dr. G. zu Putlitz (Universität Heidelberg), Prof. Dr. A. Rabenau (Max-Planck-Institut für Fest• körperforschung, Stuttgart), Prof. Dr. A. Simon (Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart), Prof. Dr. Dr. A. H. Staab (Präsident der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, München), Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. G. Wilke (Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim/Ruhr)
DIRECTOR DEPUTY DIRECTOR Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Ekkehard Fluck Dr. W. Lippert
CHIEF EDITORS Dr. K.-C. Buschbeck - Dr. H. Bergmann, J. Füssel, B. Heibel, Dr. H. Katscher, Dr. R. Keim, Dr. E. Koch, Dipl.-Phys. D. KoscheL, Dr. U. Krüerke, Dr. H. K. KugLer, Dr. P. MerLet, Dr. E. SchLeitzer-Rust, Dr. F. Schröder, Dr. A. SLawisch, Dr. B. v. Tschirschnitz-GeibLer, Dr. R. Warncke
CORRESPONDENT MEMBERS OF THE SCIENTIFIC STAFF Dr. H. C. Andersen, Dr. J. R. CLark, Dr. J. L. Grant, Dr. V. Haase, Dipl.-Ing. G. Kirschstein, Dr. K. Rumpf, Dr. U. Trobisch, Dr. B. Vance
EMERITUS MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE Prof. Dr. Dr. E.h. Margot Becke
CORRESPONDENT MEMBERS OF THE INSTITUTE Prof. Dr. Hans Bock Prof. Dr. Dr. Alois Haas, Sc. D. (Cantab.) STAFF GMELIN HANDBOOK D. Barthel, Dr. N. Baumann, Dr. W. Behrendt, Dr. L. Berg, Dipl.-Chem. E. Best, K. D. Bonn, Dipl.-Ing. V. A. Chavizon, E. Cloos, Dipl.-Phys. G. Czack, I. Deim, Dipl.-Chem. H. Demmer, R. Dowideit, Dipl.-Chem. M. Drößmar, U. Duggen, M. Engels, Dr. H.-J. Fachmann, Dr. J. Faust, Dr. Chr. Fianda, Dr. W.-D. Fleischmann, V. Frick, G. Funk, Dipl.-Ing. N. Gagel, Dr. U. W. Gerwarth, C. Gorr, Dipl.-Phys. D. Gras, Dipl.-Bibl. W. Grieser, H. Hartwig, Dr. R. Haubold, Dipl.-Min. H. Hein, G. Heinrich-Sterzel, H.-P. Hente, H. W. Herold, U. Hettwer, Dr. I. Hinz, Dr. W. Hoftmann, Dipl.-Chem. K. Holzapfel, Dipl.-Chem. E.-M. Horn, Dr. W. Huisl, Dr. S. Jäger, Dr. R. Jotter, Dr. J. von Jouanne, Dr. B. Kalbskopf, Dipl.-Chem. W. Karl, H.-G. Karren• berg, Dipl.-Phys. H. Keller-Rudek, A. Klusch, Dipl.-Phys. E. Koch, Dipl.-Chem. K. Koeber, Dipl.-Chem. H. Köttelwesch, R. Kolb, E. Kranz, Dipl.-Chem. I. Kreuzbichler, Dr. A. Kubny, Dr. P. Kuhn, Dr. W. Kurtz, M. Langer, Dr. B. Leduc, Dr. A. Leonard, Dipl.-Chem. H. List, H. Mathis, E. Meinhard, K. Meyer, Dr. M. Mirbach, Dipl.-Chem. B. Mohsin, Dr. U. Neu-Becker, K. Nöring, Dipl.-Chem. R. Nohl, Dipl.-Min. U. Nohl, Dr. W. Petz, Dr. L. Psotta, I. Rangnow, Dipl.-Phys. H.-J. Richter-Ditten, Dipl.-Chem. H. Rieger, B. Riegert, E. Rieth, A. Rosenberger, E. Rudolph, G. Rudolph, Dipl.-Chem. S. Ruprecht, Dr. B. Sarbas, Dr. K. D. Schertise, V. Schlicht, Dipl.-Chem. D. Schneider, Dipl.-Min. P. Schubert, Dr. B. Schwager, A. Schwärzel, Dipl.-Ing. H.M. Somer, E. Sommer, M. Teichmann, Dr. W. Töpper, Dipl.-Ing. H. Vanecek, Dipl.-Chem. P. Velic, Dipl.-Ing. U. Vetter, H.-M. Wagner, Dipl.-Phys. J. Wagner, R. Wagner, Dr. E. Warkentin, Dr. C. Weber, Dr. B. Wöbke, K. Wolft, U. Ziegler
STAFF GMELIN ONLINE DATA SYSTEM Dr. L. Kießling - Dr. R. Froböse, Dr. B. Roth Dipl.-Min. M.-B. Cinarz, Dr. J. Fippinger, Dr. G. Friedrich, Dr. B. Fröhlich, M. Klöftler, R. Loh• meyer, Dr. M. Pauluth, Dr. H.-J. Schröder, Dr. K. Schücke Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry
8th Edition
U Uranium
Supplement Volume C 12
Uranium Carbides
With 246 illustrations
AUTHORS H. Holleck, H. Kleykamp Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Material- und Festkörperforschung Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany
CHIEF EDITORS Rudolf Keim, Gmelin-Institut, Frankfurt am Main
Cornelius Keller, Supervising Scientific Coordinator for the Uranium Supplement VOlumes, Schule für Kerntechnik, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe
System Number 55
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1987 LITERATURE CLOSING DATE: mid 011985 IN SOME CASES MORE RECENT DATA HAVE BEEN CONSIDERED
Llbrary 01 Congress Catalog Card Number: Agr 25-1383
ISBN 978-3-662-10718-8 ISBN 978-3-862-10716-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-862-10716-4
This work is subject to copyright. All rlghts are reserved, whether the whole or part 01 the material is concerned, specilically those 01 translation, reprlntlng, reuse 01 illustrations, broadcastlng, reproduction by photocopylng machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 01 the German Copyright Law where copies are made lor other than private use, a lee is payable to "Verwertungsgesellschalt Wort", Munlch.
© by Springer-Verlag Berlln Heldelberg 1986 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo in 1986 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 8th edition 1986 The use 01 registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence 01 a specllic statement, that such names are exempt Irom the relevant protectlve laws and regulations and therelore Iree lor general use. Preface
The present volume Uranium C12 covers the binary and polynary carbides of uranium, including ternary carbides with nonmetals like the carbide oxides and carbide nitrides U(C,O) and U(C,N). The binary carbide UC and especially the mixed carbide (UO.80PUO.20)C are of special importance due to their potential as the fuel for advanced .. Fast Breeder Reactors" because of properties such as the short doubling time, the high fissionable material density, and the good thermal conductivity. On the other hand, the dicarbide UC2 is of interest for .. High Temperature Reactors", especially in the form of the mixed carbide (UO.80 Tho.20)C2. For the first time, India used mixed uranium-plutonium carbide (UO.3PUO.7)C as the fuel for its own newly developed 15 MWel Fast Breeder Reactor at Kalpakkam, south of Madras. Because of the technological importance of the uranium carbides a lot of data were published only in reports. In most cases, it was the aim of these less-scientifically based studies to promote the carbide fuel development on an economical basis. The lack of analyti• cal data on the purity of the samples, missing characterization of the present phases, etc., hQINever, does not allow the discussion of the results of such references in this handbook. Therefore, only reliable publications were cited. For the technical fabrication of uranium carbides and their irradiation behavior, see Volumes A3 and A4 of this Handbook. Although technological interest in the carbides decreased in the second half of the seven• ties, a continuing interest in physical and especially electronic properties is observed, both in the United States and in Europe. Therefore, at the present time we have a good picture on most properties of the monocarbide, whereas knowledge on the same properties of U2C3 and UC2 is not yet similarly developed, mainly because of the smaller technological interest and due to the fact that these phases are metastable at room temperature. This volume was written by two exceLLent authorities in the carbide field, Dr. H. HoLLeck and Dr. H. Kleykamp, who have been working in the fields of constitution of mUlti-component carbide systems and of post-irradiation studies of carbide fuels, respectively, at Kernfor• schungszentrum Karlsruhe for many years. Their knowledge was the basis for the critical treatment and evaluation of published data. Dr. Holleck has written the parts on .. Prepara• tion", .. Phase Relationships", and .. Chemical Properties" whereas Dr. Kleykamp authored all the chapters on .. Structural, Physical, and Physicochemical Properties". Their manu• scripts were given in German and translated into English by the Gmelin-Institute. Literature closing date: mid of 1985. I want to thank both authors for their outstanding contributions and the excellent coopera• tion. I also wish to give special thanks to the .. Literaturabteilung der Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH" and the .. Fachinformationszentrum Energie, Physik, Mathematik (FIZ-4) Karlsruhe" for providing the references, very often difficult to obtain. Finally, I want to express thanks to the Gmelin-Institute for the (as always) excellent cooperation, especially to Dr. R. Keim as the editor and to the director of the Institute, Prof. Dr. Dr. E. Fluck.
Karlsruhe Cornelius Keller November 1986 x Volumes published on "Radium and Aclinides"
Ac Actinium Main Volume - 1942 Suppl. Vol. 1 : ELement and Compounds - 1981
Np, Pu, ... Transuranium ELements Main Volume Part A: The Elements A 1, I History, Occurrence, Properties of Atomic NucLei - 1973 A 1,11 NucLides: Manufacture, Recovery, Enrichment - 1974 A2 GeneraL Properties, Uses, Storage, 8ioLogy - 1973
Part B: The Metals 81 Metals - 1976 82 8inary ALLoy Systems 1 - 1976 83 8inary ALLoy Systems 2 - 1977
Part C: The Compounds C Compounds - 1972
Part D: Chemistry in Solution D 1 Aqueous SoLutions. Coordination Chemistry - 1975 D2 Extraction, Ion Exchange. MoLten SaLts - 1975 Index - 1979
Pa Protactinium
Main Volume - 1942 Suppl. Vol. 1 : ELement - 1977 Suppl. Vol. 2: Metat. ALLoys. Compounds. Chemistry in SoLution - 1977
Ra Radium Main Volume - 1928 Suppl. Vol. 1: History. Cosmochemistry. Geochemistry - 1977 Suppl. Vol. 2: ELement. Compounds - 1977
Th Thorium Main Volume - 1955 Suppl. Vol. Part A: The Element A 1 Thorium Deposits. Geochemistry (in preparation) A2 History. Isotopes. Recovery of Thorium from Ores - 1986 XI
Suppl. Vol. Part C: The Compounds C 1 Compounds with Noble Gases, Hydrogen, Oxygen - 1978 C2 Ternary and Polynary Oxides - 1976 C5 Compounds with S, Se, Te, Be - 1986
SuppL. VoL. Part D: Chemlstry In Solution D2 Solvent Extraction - 1985
SuppL. Vol. Part E: Coordination Compounds E Coordination Compounds - 1985
U Uranium Main Volume - 1936
Suppl. Vol. Part A: The Element A 1 Uranium Deposits - 1979 A2 Isotopes - 1980 A3 Technology. Uses - 1981 A4 Irradiated Fuel. Reprocessing - 1982 A5 Spectra - 1982 A6 General Properties. Criticality - 1983 A 7 Analysis. Biology - 1982
SuppL. VoL. Part B: The AUoys (in preparation)
SuppL. VoL. Part C: The Compounds C 1 Compounds with Noble Gases and Hydrogen. Uranium-Oxygen System - 1977 C2 Oxides U30 S and U03 . Hydroxides, Oxide Hydrates, and Peroxides - 1978 C3 Ternary and Polynary Oxides - 1975 C4 U02 , Preparation and Crystallographic Properties - 1984 C5 U02 , Physical Properties. Electrochemical Behavior - 1986 C6 U02 , Chemical Properties (in preparation) C7 Compounds with Nitrogen - 1981 C8 Compounds with Fluorine - 1980 C9 Compounds with Chlorine, Bromine, and lodine - 1979 C10 Compounds with Sulfur - 1984 C 11 Compounds with Selenium, TeLLurium, and Boron - 1981 C 12 Carbides (present volume) - 1987 C13 Carbonates, Cyanides, Thiocyanates, Alkoxides, Carboxylates. - 1983 Compounds with Silicon C14 Compounds with Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth, and Germanium - 1981
SuppL. VoL. Part D: Chemlstry In Solution D 1 Properties of the Ions. Molten Salts - 1984 D2 Solvent Extraction - 1982 D3 Anion Exchange - 1982 D4 Cation Exchange and Chromatography - 1983
SuppL. VoL. Part E: Coordlnatlon Compounds E 1 Coordination Compounds 1 - 1979 E2 Coordination Compounds 2 (including Organouranium Compounds) - 1980 XIII
TabLe 0' Contents
Page 14 Compounds 01 Uranlum with Carbon 14.1 Binary Carbides ...... 1 General Remarks ...... 1 14.1.1 Phase Relations in the U-C System 1 U-UC Region 1 UC1+x Phase . . 2 UC-UC2 Region 4 U2C3 Phase 8 14.1.2 Uranium Monocarbide UC 9 Preparation ...... 9 General Remarks .... . 9 Reaction of Uranium Metal with Carbon 10 Reaction of Uranium Hydride with Carbon 10 Reaction of Uranium Metal with Hydrocarbons 11 Reaction of Uranium and Carbon in Metal Melts 11 Reduction of Uranium Halides ...... 11 Reduction of Higher Carbides with Hydrogen 12 Carbothermic Reduction of Uranium Oxide 12 Other Special Synthetic Methods . . . . 13 CrystaUographic and Structural Properties 15 CrystaUographic Data 15 ChanneUing Studies ...... 20 Stopping Power ...... 20 Phonon Spectra and Lattice Dynamics 20 Disorder ..... 22 MechanicaL Properties 26 Density .... 26 ELastic Constants 26 InternaL Friction 29 Hardness 29 Slip, CLeavage, and Strength 32 FLow Properties .... . 33 Creep ...... 35 Surface and Interface Energies. Wettability 37 Thermal, Thermodynamic, and Transport Properties 42 ThermaL Expansion ...... 42 Heat Capacity, Entropy, and EnthaLpy 44 Debye Temperature ...... 47 Grüneisen Parameter ...... 48 Melting Point, BoiLing Point, CriticaL Quantities 48 EnthaLpy of Formation, Gibbs Free Energy of Formation, Vapor Pressure 49 Gaseous Species . . 54 Rate of Vaporization 55 ThermaL Emission 55 Self-Diffusion 56 SoLute Diffusion 61 ThermaL Diffusion 62 XIV
Page
Thermal Diffusivity, Thermal Conductivity . 62 Viscosity ...... 65 Electrical, Magnetic, and Electronic Properties 72 Electrical Resistivity 72 Lorenz Coefficient 75 Optical Conductivity 75 Seebeck Coefficient 75 Superconductivity 76 Hall Coefficient . . 76 Magnetic Susceptibility 76 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 76 Mössbauer Spectroscopy 77 Photoelectron Spectra 77 Band Structure . 77 Optical Properties 83 Color ..... 83 Emissivity . . . 83 Reflectivity, Optical Constants 84 Chemical Behavior . . . . 86 General Remarks 86 Behavior with Nonmetals 87 Hydrogen 87 Oxygen ...... 87 Nitrogen ...... 87 Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, lodine 88 Sulfur . 88 Boron ... 88 Silicon 88 Phosphorus 88 Arsenic .. 89 Behavior with Nonmetal Compounds 89 Water ...... 89 CO and CO2 •••••••• 89 Other Nonmetallic Compounds 90 Acids and Bases ...... 90 Behavior with Metals and Metal Compounds 91 Behavior with Main Group I Elements (Na) 91 Behavior with Main Group 11 Elements (Be, Mg, Sr, Ba) 91 Behavior with Main Group 111 Elements (Al) 91 Behavior with Main Group IV Elements (Sn, Pb) 92 Behavior with Main Group V Elements (Bi) 92 Behavior with Group I Transition Elements and with Zinc (Cu, Au, Zn) 92 Behavior with Group 111 Transition Elements (Rare Earth and Actinide Ele- ments) ...... 93 Rare Earth Elements ...... 93 Actinide Elements 95 Behavior with Group IV Transition Elements (Ti, Zr, Hf) 97 Behavior with Group V Transition Elements (V, Nb, Ta) 98 Behavior with Group VI Transition Elements (Cr, Mo, W) 98 xv
Page
Behavior with Group VII Transition ELements (Mn, Tc, Re) ...... 101 Behavior with Group VIII Transition Elements (Fe, Ni, Co, PLatinum Group Elements) ...... 102 14.1.3 Uranium Sesquicarbide U2Cg (Diuranium Tricarbide) 109 Preparation ...... 109 Reaction UC+UC2 -+ U2Cg •••••• 109 Reaction 2UC2 -+ U2Cg +C ...... 110 CrystaUographic and Mechanical Properties 112 CrystaLLographic Data 112 Disorder 113 Density . 114 Hardness 114 Strength . 115 Creep . . 115 ThermaL, Thermodynamic, and Transport Properties 116 Thermal Expansion ...... 116 Heat Capacity, Entropy, and EnthaLpy ...... 117 Peritectoidal Decomposition ...... 119 Enthalpy of Formation, Gibbs Free Energy of Formation 119 Diffusion ...... 119 Thermal Diffusivity. Thermal Conductivity 120 Electrical, Magnetic, and OpticaL Properties 121 Electrical Resistivity ...... 121 Seebeck Coefficient ...... 122 Magnetic Transition. Magnetic SusceptibiLity 123 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 123 Optical Properties 124 Chemical Behavior . . . . . 124 14.1.4 Uranium Dicarbide UC2 124 Preparation ...... 124 Crystallographic and Mechanical Properties 125 Crystallographic Data 125 Crystal Orientations 127 Density 128 Hardness 128 Strength . 129 Creep . . 129 Thermal, Thermodynamic, and Transport Properties 131 Thermal Expansion ...... 131 Heat Capacity, Entropy, and Enthalpy ...... 131 Debye Temperature ...... 134 EutectoidaL Temperature, Transition Temperature, Melting Point 134 EnthaLpy of Formation, Gibbs Free Energy of Formation, Vapor Pressure 134 Gaseous Species . . 135 Rate of Vaporization 135 Self-Diffusion 135 Solute Diffusion 136 ThermaL Diffusion 137 Thermal Diffusivity, ThermaL Conductivity 137 XVI
Page
Electrical, Magnetic, and Optical Properties 139 Electrical Resistivity 139 Superconductivity ..... 140 Magnetic Susceptibility . . . 140 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 140 Optical Properties ..... 141 Chemical Behavior ...... 142 14.1.5 Conversion Table for the Carbon Content in Uranium Carbides 142
14.2 Ternary and Polynary Carbides of Uranium with Other Metala . 142 14.2.1 Overview and General Remarks ...... 142 14.2.2 Ternary and Polynary Carbides with Main Group Metals (Be, Sr, Ba, Al) 146 The U-Be-C System ...... 146 The Systems U-Sr-C and U-Ba-C ...... 148 The U-Al-C System ...... 148 14.2.3 Ternary and Polynary Carbides with Group I Transition Metals and with Zinc (Cu, Au, Zn) ...... 149 14.2.4 Ternary and Polynary Carbides with Group 111 Transition Metals (Rare Earths, Actinides) ...... 150 Ternary Carbides and Carbide Systems of Uranium with Rare Earths 150 Phase Relations and Chemical Properties ...... 150 Physical Properties ...... 151 Ternary Carbides and Carbide Systems of Uranium with Actinides 154 Overview ...... 154 The U-Th-C System ...... 154 Phase Relations and Chemical Properties 154 Phase Diagram 155 Physical Properties ...... 159 Mechanical Properties ...... 159 Crystallographic, Thermal, Thermodynamic, and Transport Properties 159 Electrical, Magnetic, and Optical Properties . . 164 Quaternary and Polynary Carbide Systems ...... 166 Carbide Systems of Uranium with Fission Products ...... 166 14.2.5 Ternary and Polynary Carbides with Group IV Transition Metals (Ti, Zr, Hf) 167 The U-Ti-C System . 167 Phase Relations 167 Physical Properties 167 The U-Zr-C System 168 Phase Relations 168 Crystallographic and Mechanical Properties 168 Thermal, Thermodynamic, and Transport Properties 172 Electrical, Magnetic, and Optical Properties 177 The U-Hf-C System 178 Phase Relations ... . . 178 Physical Properties . . . . 178 Quaternary Carbide Systems 179 Phase Relations ... . . 179 Physical Properties . . . . 180 14.2.6 Ternary and Polynary Carbides with Group V Transition Metals (V, Nb, Ta) 183 XVII
Page
The U-V-C System . 183 The U-Nb-C System 183 The U-Ta-C System 185 Quaternary Carbide Systems 186 14.2.7 Ternary and Polynary Carbides with Group VI Transition Metals (Cr, Mo, W) 190 The U-Cr-C System 190 The U-Mo-C System ...... 192 The U-W-C System ...... 196 Quaternary and Polynary Carbide Systems 198 U-Ti-W-C and U-Ta-W-C 198 U-Zr-W-C ...... 198 U-Zr-Nb-Mo-C 198 14.2.8 Ternary and Polynary Carbides with Group VII Transition Metals (Mn, Tc, Re) 200 Ternary Carbides and Carbide Systems 200 Phase Relations . . . . . 200 Physical Properties ...... 200 Quaternary Carbide Systems 202 14.2.9 Ternary and Polynary Carbides with Group VIII Transition Metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt) ...... 203 Ternary Carbides and Carbide Systems . . 203 Phase Relations and Chemical Behavior 203 Physical Properties . . 208 The U-Fe-C System 208 The U-Co-C System 210 The U-Ni-C System 210 The U-Ru-C System 211 The U-Rh-C System 211 The U-Os-C System 212 The U-Ir-C System . 212 The U-Pt-C System 212 Quaternary and Polynary Carbide Systems 213
14.3 The U-C-H System ...... 216 14.4 Carbide Oxides ...... 217 14.4.1 Phase Relations in the U-C-O System 217 14.4.2 Preparation of Carbide Oxides 219 14.4.3 Physical Properties ...... 220 Crystallographic and Mechanical Properties 220 Thermal, Thermodynamic, and Transport Properties 221 Electrical, Magnetic, and Optical Properties . . . . 226 14.4.4 Polynary Carbide Oxides of Uranium with Other Metals 230 The U-Th-C-O System 230
14.5 Carbide Nitrides 230 14.5.1 Phase Relations in the U-C-N System 230 14.5.2 Preparation of Carbide Nitrides . . . 234 14.5.3 Physical Properties ...... 236 Crystallographic, Structural, and Mechanical Properties 236 Thermal and Thermodynamic Properties ...... 240 XVIII
Page
Transport Properties ...... 247 Electrical, Magnetic, and Optical Properties 249 14.5.4 Chemical Behavior ...... 255 Reactions with Metals and Alloys 255 Reactions with Water and Aqueous Solutions 256 14.5.5 Polynary Carbide Nitrides of Uranium with Other Elements 258 The U-Ce-C-N System 258 The U-Zr-C-N System 259 The U-W-C-N System 260 The U-Fe-C-N System 260 14.6 Carbide Nitride Oxides 261 14.6.1 Phase Relations in the U-C-N-O System and Preparation 261 14.6.2 Physical Properties ...... 262 14.7 Ternary and Polynary Carbides 01 Uranlum wlth Other Nonmetals 264 14.7.1 The U-C-Halogen Systems ...... 264 14.7.2 Ternary and Polynary Carbide Sulfides ..... 264 The U-C-S System ...... 264 Phase Relations, Preparation, and Chemical Behavior 264 Physical Properties ...... 266 The Quaternary System U-Zr-C-S 270 14.7.3 The U-C-Se System 271 14.7.4 The U-C-Te System ... 271 14.7.5 The U-C-B System 273 Phase Relations and Preparation 273 Physical Properties ...... 273 14.7.6 The U-C-Si System . . . 274 Phase Relations and Preparation 274 Physical Properties ...... 275 14.7.7 The Systems U-C-P and U-C-As 277 lable 01 Conversion Factors ...... 278