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Seasonal Dynamics of Meroplankton in a High-Latitude Fjord
1 Seasonal dynamics of meroplankton in a high-latitude fjord 2 3 Helena Kling Michelsen*1, Camilla Svensen1, Marit Reigstad1, Einar Magnus Nilssen1, 4 Torstein Pedersen1 5 6 1Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 7 Norway 8 9 * Corresponding author: [email protected] 10 Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, 11 Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, 12 UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway. 1 13 Abstract 14 Knowledge on the seasonal timing and composition of pelagic larvae of many benthic 15 invertebrates, referred to as meroplankton, is limited for high-latitude fjords and coastal areas. 16 We investigated the seasonal dynamics of meroplankton in the sub-Arctic Porsangerfjord 17 (70˚N), Norway, by examining their seasonal changes in relation to temperature, chlorophyll 18 a and salinity. Samples were collected at two stations between February 2013 and August 19 2014. We identified 41 meroplanktonic taxa from eight phyla. Multivariate analysis indicated 20 different meroplankton compositions in winter, spring, early summer and late summer. More 21 larvae appeared during spring and summer, forming two peaks in meroplankton abundance. 22 The spring peak was dominated by cirripede nauplii, and late summer peak was dominated by 23 bivalve veligers. Moreover, spring meroplankton were the dominant component in the 24 zooplankton community this season. In winter, low abundances and few meroplanktonic taxa 25 were observed. Timing for a majority of meroplankton correlated with primary production 26 and temperature. The presence of meroplankton in the water column through the whole year 27 and at times dominant in the zooplankton community, suggests that they, in addition to being 28 important for benthic recruitment, may play a role in the pelagic ecosystem as grazers on 29 phytoplankton and as prey for other organisms. -
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MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 166: 301-306, 1998 Published May 28 Mar Ecol Prog Ser l NOTE Diel vertical movement by mesograzers on seaweeds Cary N. Rogers*, Jane E. Williamson, David G. Carson, Peter D. Steinberg School of Biological Science. University of New South Wales. Sydney 2052. Australia ABSTRACT- Diel vertical movement is well documented for nutrients across trophic levels in such systems (Kitting many zooplankton. The ecology of small benthic herbivores et al. 1984, Longhurst & Harrison 1989). which use seaweeds as food and habitat, known as 'meso- Arguably, the dominant model to explain die1 verti- grazers', is similar in some regards to zooplankton, and we hypothesised that mesograzers might also exhlbit diel pat- cal movement by zooplankton is avoidance of visually terns of movement on host algae. We studied 3 non-swim- feeding predators in surface waters during the day ming species of mesograzer, the sea hare Aplysia parvula, the (Zaret & Suffern 1976, Stich & Lampert 1981, Bollens & sea urchin Holopneustes purpurascens, and the prosobranch Frost 1989).This model is supported by studies of both mollusc Phasianotrochus eximius. All exhibited diel move- & ment on host algae. This behaviour occurred on different host demersal and pelagic zooplankton (Robertson algae, despite variation in algal morphology and other char- Howard 1978, Alldredge & King 1985, Ohman 1990, acters. Possible factors causing diel movement by mesograz- Osgood & Frost 1994), although the impact of preda- ers include predation, nutritional gain, avoidance of photo- tion on zooplankton vanes with nntogenetic stage, damage, micro-environmental vanation near host algae, and food availability, and predator evasion or defence reproductive strategies. -
Zooplankton Chapters 6-8 in Miller for More Details 1. Crustaceans- Include Shrimp, Copepods, Euphausiids ("Krill") 2
Ocean Processes and Ecology Spring 2004 Zooplankton Chapters 6-8 in Miller for more details I. Major Groups Heterotrophs— consume organic matter rather than manufacturing it, as do autotrophs. Zooplankton can be: herbivores carnivores (several levels) detritus feeders omnivores Zooplankton, in addition to being much smaller than familiar land animals, have shorter generation times and grow more rapidly (in terms of % of body wt / day). 1. Crustaceans- include shrimp, copepods, euphausiids ("krill") Characteristics: Copepods, euphausiids and shrimp superficially resemble one another. All have: • exoskeletons of chitin • jointed appendages • 2 pair of antennae • complex body structure, with well developed internal organs and sensory organs Habitats: Ubiquitous. • Euphausiids predominate in the Antarctic Ocean, but are common in most temperate and polar oceans. • Copepods are found everywhere, but are less important in low-productivity areas of the ocean - the "central ocean gyres". They are found at all depths but are more abundant near the surface. Role in food webs: • Euphausiids and copepods are filter-feeders. Copepods are usually herbivores, while the larger euphausiids consume both phytoplankton and other zooplankton. • Shrimp are usually carnivores or scavengers. 2. Chaetognaths - ("Arrow worms") Characteristics: • 2-3 cm long • wormlike, but non-segmented • no appendages (legs or antennae) • complex body structure with internal organs Habitat: Ubiquitous Ocean Processes and Ecology Spring 2004 Role in food web: Carnivore feeding on small zooplankton such as copepods. 3. Protozoan - Include foraminifera, radiolarians, tintinnids and "microflagellates" ca. 0.002 mm Characteristics: • Single-celled animals. • Forams have calcareous shell • Radiolarians have siliceous shell. • Both Forams and Radiolarians have spines. Habitat: Ubiquitous • Radiolarians are especially abundant in the Pacific equatorial upwelling region. -
Biological Oceanography - Legendre, Louis and Rassoulzadegan, Fereidoun
OCEANOGRAPHY – Vol.II - Biological Oceanography - Legendre, Louis and Rassoulzadegan, Fereidoun BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Legendre, Louis and Rassoulzadegan, Fereidoun Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, France. Keywords: Algae, allochthonous nutrient, aphotic zone, autochthonous nutrient, Auxotrophs, bacteria, bacterioplankton, benthos, carbon dioxide, carnivory, chelator, chemoautotrophs, ciliates, coastal eutrophication, coccolithophores, convection, crustaceans, cyanobacteria, detritus, diatoms, dinoflagellates, disphotic zone, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic matter (DOM), ecosystem, eukaryotes, euphotic zone, eutrophic, excretion, exoenzymes, exudation, fecal pellet, femtoplankton, fish, fish lavae, flagellates, food web, foraminifers, fungi, harmful algal blooms (HABs), herbivorous food web, herbivory, heterotrophs, holoplankton, ichthyoplankton, irradiance, labile, large planktonic microphages, lysis, macroplankton, marine snow, megaplankton, meroplankton, mesoplankton, metazoan, metazooplankton, microbial food web, microbial loop, microheterotrophs, microplankton, mixotrophs, mollusks, multivorous food web, mutualism, mycoplankton, nanoplankton, nekton, net community production (NCP), neuston, new production, nutrient limitation, nutrient (macro-, micro-, inorganic, organic), oligotrophic, omnivory, osmotrophs, particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate organic matter (POM), pelagic, phagocytosis, phagotrophs, photoautotorphs, photosynthesis, phytoplankton, phytoplankton bloom, picoplankton, plankton, -
Seasonal Variation of the Sound-Scattering Zooplankton Vertical Distribution in the Oxygen-Deficient Waters of the NE Black
Ocean Sci., 17, 953–974, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-953-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Seasonal variation of the sound-scattering zooplankton vertical distribution in the oxygen-deficient waters of the NE Black Sea Alexander G. Ostrovskii, Elena G. Arashkevich, Vladimir A. Solovyev, and Dmitry A. Shvoev Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36, Nakhimovsky prospekt, Moscow, 117997, Russia Correspondence: Alexander G. Ostrovskii ([email protected]) Received: 10 November 2020 – Discussion started: 8 December 2020 Revised: 22 June 2021 – Accepted: 23 June 2021 – Published: 23 July 2021 Abstract. At the northeastern Black Sea research site, obser- layers is important for understanding biogeochemical pro- vations from 2010–2020 allowed us to study the dynamics cesses in oxygen-deficient waters. and evolution of the vertical distribution of mesozooplank- ton in oxygen-deficient conditions via analysis of sound- scattering layers associated with dominant zooplankton ag- gregations. The data were obtained with profiler mooring and 1 Introduction zooplankton net sampling. The profiler was equipped with an acoustic Doppler current meter, a conductivity–temperature– The main distinguishing feature of the Black Sea environ- depth probe, and fast sensors for the concentration of dis- ment is its oxygen stratification with an oxygenated upper solved oxygen [O2]. The acoustic instrument conducted ul- layer 80–200 m thick and the underlying waters contain- trasound (2 MHz) backscatter measurements at three angles ing hydrogen sulfide (Andrusov, 1890; see also review by while being carried by the profiler through the oxic zone. For Oguz et al., 2006). -
Zooplankton Community Response to Seasonal Hypoxia: a Test of Three Hypotheses
diversity Article Zooplankton Community Response to Seasonal Hypoxia: A Test of Three Hypotheses Julie E. Keister *, Amanda K. Winans and BethElLee Herrmann School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; [email protected] (A.K.W.); [email protected] (B.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 November 2019; Accepted: 28 December 2019; Published: 1 January 2020 Abstract: Several hypotheses of how zooplankton communities respond to coastal hypoxia have been put forward in the literature over the past few decades. We explored three of those that are focused on how zooplankton composition or biomass is affected by seasonal hypoxia using data collected over two summers in Hood Canal, a seasonally-hypoxic sub-basin of Puget Sound, Washington. We conducted hydrographic profiles and zooplankton net tows at four stations, from a region in the south that annually experiences moderate hypoxia to a region in the north where oxygen remains above hypoxic levels. The specific hypotheses tested were that low oxygen leads to: (1) increased dominance of gelatinous relative to crustacean zooplankton, (2) increased dominance of cyclopoid copepods relative to calanoid copepods, and (3) overall decreased zooplankton abundance and biomass at hypoxic sites compared to where oxygen levels are high. Additionally, we examined whether the temporal stability of community structure was decreased by hypoxia. We found evidence of a shift toward more gelatinous zooplankton and lower total zooplankton abundance and biomass at hypoxic sites, but no clear increase in the dominance of cyclopoid relative to calanoid copepods. We also found the lowest variance in community structure at the most hypoxic site, in contrast to our prediction. -
Seasonal Dynamics of Meroplankton in a High-Latitude Fjord
Journal of Marine Systems 168 (2017) 17–30 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Marine Systems journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jmarsys Seasonal dynamics of meroplankton in a high-latitude fjord Helena Kling Michelsen ⁎, Camilla Svensen, Marit Reigstad, Einar Magnus Nilssen, Torstein Pedersen Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway article info abstract Article history: Knowledge on the seasonal timing and composition of pelagic larvae of many benthic invertebrates, referred to as Received 22 March 2016 meroplankton, is limited for high-latitude fjords and coastal areas. We investigated the seasonal dynamics of Received in revised form 2 December 2016 meroplankton in the sub-Arctic Porsangerfjord (70°N), Norway, by examining their seasonal changes in relation Accepted 7 December 2016 to temperature, chlorophyll a and salinity. Samples were collected at two stations between February 2013 and Available online 09 December 2016 August 2014. We identified 41 meroplanktonic taxa belonging to eight phyla. Multivariate analysis indicated dif- Keywords: ferent meroplankton compositions in winter, spring, early summer and late summer. More larvae appeared dur- Benthic invertebrate larvae ing spring and summer, forming two peaks in meroplankton abundance. The spring peak was dominated by Recruitment cirripede nauplii, and late summer peak was dominated by bivalve veligers. Moreover, spring meroplankton Temporal change were the dominant component in the zooplankton community this season. In winter, low abundances and few Zooplankton meroplanktonic taxa were observed. Timing for a majority of meroplankton correlated with primary production Porsangerfjord and temperature. The presence of meroplankton in the water column through the whole year and at times dom- Norway inant in the zooplankton community, suggests that they, in addition to being important for benthic recruitment, may play a role in the pelagic ecosystem as grazers on phytoplankton and as prey for other organisms. -
Short-Term Variations in Mesozooplankton, Ichthyoplankton, and Nutrients Associated with Semi-Diurnal Tides in a Patagonian Gulf
Continental Shelf Research 31 (2011) 282–292 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Continental Shelf Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/csr Research papers Short-term variations in mesozooplankton, ichthyoplankton, and nutrients associated with semi-diurnal tides in a patagonian Gulf L.R. Castro a,n, M.A. Ca´ceres b, N. Silva c, M.I. Mun˜oz a, R. Leo´ n a, M.F. Landaeta b, S. Soto-Mendoza a a Laboratorio de Oceanografı´a Pesquera y Ecologı´a Larval (LOPEL), Departamento de Oceanografı´a and Centro FONDAP-COPAS, Universidad de Concepcio´n, Chile b Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Valparaı´so, Av. Borgon˜o 16344, Vin˜a del Mar, Chile c Laboratorio de Biogeoquı´mica Marina, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Cato´lica de Valparaı´so, Valparaı´so, Chile article info abstract Article history: The relationships between the distribution of different zooplankton and ichthyoplankton stages and Received 16 December 2009 physical and chemical variables were studied using samples and data (CTD profiles, ADCP and current Received in revised form meter measurements, nutrients, mesozooplankton, ichthyoplankton) obtained from different strata 3 September 2010 during two 24-h cycles at two oceanographic stations in a Chilean Patagonian gulf during the CIMAR Accepted 7 September 2010 10-Fiordos cruise (November, 2004). A station located at the Chacao Channel was dominated by tidal Available online 30 October 2010 mixing and small increments in surface stratification during high tides, leading to decreased nutrient Keywords: availability. This agreed with short periods of increased phytoplankton abundance during slack waters Patagonian fjords at the end of flood currents. -
Bioprospecting Marine Plankton Heni Abida, Sandrine Ruchaud, Laurent Rios, Anne Humeau, Ian Probert, Colomban De Vargas, Stéphane Bach, Chris Bowler
Bioprospecting Marine Plankton Heni Abida, Sandrine Ruchaud, Laurent Rios, Anne Humeau, Ian Probert, Colomban de Vargas, Stéphane Bach, Chris Bowler To cite this version: Heni Abida, Sandrine Ruchaud, Laurent Rios, Anne Humeau, Ian Probert, et al.. Bioprospecting Marine Plankton. Marine drugs, MDPI, 2013, 11 (11), pp.4594-4611. 10.3390/md11114594. hal- 01258229 HAL Id: hal-01258229 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01258229 Submitted on 27 Jan 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Mar. Drugs 2013, 11, 4594-4611; doi:10.3390/md11114594 OPEN ACCESS marine drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Review Bioprospecting Marine Plankton Heni Abida 1, Sandrine Ruchaud 2, Laurent Rios 3, Anne Humeau 4, Ian Probert 5, Colomban De Vargas 6, Stéphane Bach 2,* and Chris Bowler 1,* 1 Environmental and Evolutionary Genomics Section, Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8197 INSERM -
Zooplankton Migration Patterns at Scotton Landing: Behavioral Adaptations Written by Lauren Zodl, University of Delaware
Zooplankton Migration Patterns at Scotton Landing: Behavioral Adaptations written by Lauren Zodl, University of Delaware Summary: Zooplankton have evolved specific migration patterns that increase their chances of survival. These migrations patterns are behavioral adaptations and they are unique to each species of zooplankton in the Delaware Bay. Students will determine how zooplankton from the St. Jones River migrate and how these adaptations increase their chances of survival. Students will also explore Simpson’s diversity index. Activity Use: This activity can be used as a part of any unit on biology, evolution, adaptations, ecology, diversity, and more. Target Grade Level: High School Standards Addressed: LS1.A: Structure and Function LS1.B: Growth and Development of Organisms LS1.C: Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organism LS1.D: Information Processing LS2.A: Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems LS2.B: Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems LS2.C: Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience LS2.D: Interactions and Group Behavior Lesson Time: Two 45 minute periods Essential Question: How do the behavioral adaptations of zooplankton, specifically their migration patterns, increase their chances of survival? SMART Objectives: After completing this activity, students will be able to: 1. Name two zooplankton species in the Delaware Bay. 2. Describe two different migration patterns that zooplankton use. 3. Explain how behavioral adaptations of zooplankton increase their chances of survival. 4. Describe and interpret data from a diversity index. Vocabulary/Key Terms: Behavioral Adaptation, Diel Vertical Migration, Tidal Migration, Acartia tonsa, Rhithropanopeus harrisii, Estuary, Holoplankton, Meroplankton, Diversity This work is supported by a grant from the Delaware National Estuarine Research Reserve. -
Baseline Survey of Zooplankton of Barnegat Bay
BASELINE SURVEY OF ZOOPLANKTON OF BARNEGAT BAY NJSG Project # 4904-0005 NJDEP # SR12-013 Sponsored by NJDEP Office of Science Monmouth University Urban Coast Institute Final Report February 2012 – May 2013 Principal Investigators James Nickels and Ursula Howson Monmouth University Co-Principal Investigators Thomas Noji and Jennifer Samson NOAA Fisheries Prepared by Ursula Howson 1 2.0 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Student participants in Monmouth University School of Science Summer Research Program and Monmouth University students during the academic school year assisted with field sampling, laboratory processing, data entry, and creation of graphs. G. McIlvain, Marine Academy of Science and Technology, Monmouth County, analyzed ichthyoplankton data to create CPUE and frequency distribution figures. NOAA research scientist J. Hare facilitated shipment of samples to Poland for sorting, as well as the QA/QC of the samples. The James J. Howard NOAA Fisheries Laboratory provided manpower and vessel assistance for intensive sampling events, and facilitated transport and shipment of samples to Poland. Monmouth University Urban Coast Institute and Department of Biology provided facilities for storage of equipment and processing and storage of samples. Additional funding was provided to some undergraduate assistants by the Monmouth University School of Science Summer Research Program and the Urban Coast Institute during the summer, and the Monmouth University Department of Biology during the academic year. 2 3.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 TITLE PAGE ......................................................................................................................................... -
Timing of Meroplankton Occurrence in High-Arctic Fjords with Different Primary Productive Regimes
Timing of meroplankton occurrence in high-Arctic fjords with different primary productive regimes Eike Stübner & Janne E. Søreide The University Centre on Svalbard & University in Tromsø Why meroplankton? • Indication of periodical high important in coastal areas also in Arctic areas • common feature? • => importance in the food web? • Seasonality still not well enough understood in Arctic Seas =>Meroplankton exhibit strong seasonality Presented study: • Hypothesis: Abundance peaks of meroplankton are correlated to the occurrence of the spring bloom. => delayed in areas with delayed spring bloom • Additional questions: How much does this group contribute to the zooplankton community? Can we capture main pattern observed in high resolution time series in coarser time series studies as well? Methods: • Time series: 3 different fjords: • High Arctic localities • Sea ice – no sea ice similar latitude, • Sea ice cover different latitudes • Resolution • 1x high resolution (bi-weekly) • 2x good resolution (~monthly) • Data from several projects and years • ArcWin, Cleopatra I & II (UNIS, UiT, IOPAS) => RiF + BAB • MeroSeason I & II, UniPlankton, MicroFun (UNIS, IOPAS) => IsA Methods • Fine mesh size: 63 µm WPII • => Small sized organisms • Several depth layers • Exclusion of some groups in analysis • Background data • CTD/mooring => Temperature, salinity, fluorescence • Chlorophyll a • Day-length (sun over horizon) Rijpfjorden - 2007 Billefjorden - 2013 from Søreide et. al 2010 Adventfjorden – 2012/13 Rijpfjorden - 2007 Difference in timing