sign in sign up
<<
Home , Bioaccumulation

Energy pyramid Bioaccumulation/

• Definitions

Bioaccumulation/Biomagnification Biogeochemical cycles

• , nitrogen, carbon, phosphorous, etc… • Involve geological (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere) and biological (trophic levels) components

1 2 Nitrogen cycle Nitrogen cycle

Cycling in - nitrogen and phosphorous

Energy Biotic Heat/Motion

Abiotic

Mineralization Uptake by producers ()

3 Carbon Cycling in ecosystem: carbon

Energy Biotic Heat/Motion

Abiotic

Respiration Uptake by producers

Water cycle Direct values

• Private goods or commodity values • Harvested – – Fuelwood/timber – Edible/medicinal plants • Consumptive and productive use

4 Overexploitation

• Direct commercial • Direct commercial exploitation exploitation • The environmental side effects of collecting nonliving resources

Overexploitation

• Direct commercial exploitation • The environmental side effects of collecting nonliving resources • Unintentional mortality of nontarget organisms

5 Overexploitation

• Direct commercial exploitation • The environmental side effects of collecting nonliving resources • Unintentional mortality of nontarget organisms • Overhunting

Overexploitation

• Direct commercial exploitation • The environmental side effects of collecting nonliving resources • Unintentional mortality of nontarget organisms • Overhunting • Global trade of wildlife

6 2-3 million 7-8 million Overexploitation

• • Technology • Birds: 2-5 million 500-600 million • Self imposed ~30,000 restrictions 9-10 million • Typical pattern • Difficulty in regulation

• Remember MSY??

Indirect values Example: River vegetation

• Public goods, non-consumptive use value • Benefits from not involving harvesting or destroying – Ecosystem – Water quality – Soil protection –Climate – Flood control – Waste treatment and nutrient retention

7 Ecosystem productivity Soil and water resources

• Primary productivity- • Buffering energy – Flood • Terrestrial and – Drought aquatic – Water quality • Diversity-productivity • Logging, farming, development affect soil relationship erosion – Useless for farming – Kill aquatic life – Water undrinkable – Loss of electrical output

Climate regulation Waste treatment/nutrient retention

• Local: shade, water • Aquatic communities transpiration, (fungi and bacteria) windbreaks • Break down/immobilize pollutants (2.4 trill) • Regional: • Store sewage and deforestation -> lower nutrient runoff for rainfall, lower uptake photosynthetic organisms of CO2 (global & nitrogen fixing warming) •New York Bight

8 Species relationships Recreation and ecotourism

• (bottom-up • Enjoyment! and top-down) • Hiking, fishing, camping, rock climbing, • Pollination bird watching • • Ecotourism- to experience unusual communities

9