Insect Order ID: Hemiptera (Scale, Mealybugs)
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A New Pupillarial Scale Insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from Angophora in Coastal New South Wales, Australia
Zootaxa 4117 (1): 085–100 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4117.1.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5C240849-6842-44B0-AD9F-DFB25038B675 A new pupillarial scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from Angophora in coastal New South Wales, Australia PENNY J. GULLAN1,3 & DOUGLAS J. WILLIAMS2 1Division of Evolution, Ecology & Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia 2The Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences (Entomology), London SW7 5BD, UK 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new scale insect, Aolacoccus angophorae gen. nov. and sp. nov. (Eriococcidae), is described from the bark of Ango- phora (Myrtaceae) growing in the Sydney area of New South Wales, Australia. These insects do not produce honeydew, are not ant-tended and probably feed on cortical parenchyma. The adult female is pupillarial as it is retained within the cuticle of the penultimate (second) instar. The crawlers (mobile first-instar nymphs) emerge via a flap or operculum at the posterior end of the abdomen of the second-instar exuviae. The adult and second-instar females, second-instar male and first-instar nymph, as well as salient features of the apterous adult male, are described and illustrated. The adult female of this new taxon has some morphological similarities to females of the non-pupillarial palm scale Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell (Phoenicococcidae), the pupillarial palm scales (Halimococcidae) and some pupillarial genera of armoured scales (Diaspididae), but is related to other Australian Myrtaceae-feeding eriococcids. -
Florida Predatory Stink Bug (Unofficial Common Name), Euthyrhynchus Floridanus(Linnaeus) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)1 Frank W
EENY157 Florida Predatory Stink Bug (unofficial common name), Euthyrhynchus floridanus (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)1 Frank W. Mead and David B. Richman2 Introduction Distribution The predatory stink bug, Euthyrhynchus floridanus (Lin- Euthyrhynchus floridanus is primarily a Neotropical species naeus) (Figure 1), is considered a beneficial insect because that ranges within the southeastern quarter of the United most of its prey consists of plant-damaging bugs, beetles, States. and caterpillars. It seldom plays a major role in the natural control of insects in Florida, but its prey includes a number Description of economically important species. Adults The length of males is approximately 12 mm, with a head width of 2.3 mm and a humeral width of 6.4 mm. The length of females is 12 to 17 mm, with a head width of 2.4 mm and a humeral width of 7.2 mm. Euthyrhynchus floridanus (Figure 2) normally can be distinguished from all other stink bugs in the southeastern United States by a red- dish spot at each corner of the scutellum outlined against a blue-black to purplish-brown ground color. Variations occur that might cause confusion with somewhat similar stink bugs in several genera, such as Stiretrus, Oplomus, and Perillus, but these other bugs have obtuse humeri, or at least lack the distinct humeral spine that is present in adults of Euthyrhynchus. In addition, species of these genera Figure 1. Adult of the Florida predatory stink bug, Euthyrhynchus known to occur in Florida have a short spine or tubercle floridanus (L.), feeding on a beetle. situated on the lower surface of the front femur behind the Credits: Lyle J. -
2020 Painted Lady Instar Id 4June
Painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui) instar identification and life history with head capsule photo, larval and pupal length by Vera Krischik, June 2020. Even though they are often thought of as the thistle butterflies and a majority of their eggs are laid on thistles, the larvae feed, and can be reared, on a huge and varied number of plants, and plant types, in several different families. Painted ladies overwinter in the deserts along the Mexican border, where they breed and lay their eggs on annual plants that grow quickly after the winter rains start. The adults then move northward in a migration that varies greatly from year to year; in heavy rainfall years hundreds of millions of adults fly. In 2019 a large migration occurs as did in 2005, when an estimated one billion individual painted ladies migrated north. These butterflies emerge from the pupa with a yellow fat reserve that allows them to fly from dawn to dusk without stopping to feed. As their fat reserve dwindles, they stop migrating, begin to feed, and become sexually active. A reverse, but much more casual migration, occurs in late summer, when the butterflies head south again, feeding and breeding along the way (homegroundhabitats.org/painted-lady-butterflies). Second instar 5-7 mm Third instar 5-12 mm Fourth instar 13-16 mm Fifth instar 20-36 mm Chrysalis 48-60 mm Chrysalis black death+ Adult male Adult female++ Mating Eggs on leaf Egg hatching Adult males have a Adult females have a slender abdomen wider abdomen compared to females; in compared to males; in males the front legs are females the front legs reduced with short are reduced with spines brush-like hairs; used to drum and find wingspan 50-56mm maters; wingspan 50- 56mm Photos: instars, chrysalis, eggs (Krischik lab), adult male (Wikimedia), adult female (Mary Legg, Bugwood.org). -
Melon Aphid Or Cotton Aphid, Aphis Gossypii Glover (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae)1 John L
EENY-173 Melon Aphid or Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae)1 John L. Capinera2 Distribution generation can be completed parthenogenetically in about seven days. Melon aphid occurs in tropical and temperate regions throughout the world except northernmost areas. In the In the south, and at least as far north as Arkansas, sexual United States, it is regularly a pest in the southeast and forms are not important. Females continue to produce southwest, but is occasionally damaging everywhere. Be- offspring without mating so long as weather allows feeding cause melon aphid sometimes overwinters in greenhouses, and growth. Unlike many aphid species, melon aphid is and may be introduced into the field with transplants in the not adversely affected by hot weather. Melon aphid can spring, it has potential to be damaging almost anywhere. complete its development and reproduce in as little as a week, so numerous generations are possible under suitable Life Cycle and Description environmental conditions. The life cycle differs greatly between north and south. In the north, female nymphs hatch from eggs in the spring on Egg the primary hosts. They may feed, mature, and reproduce When first deposited, the eggs are yellow, but they soon parthenogenetically (viviparously) on this host all summer, become shiny black in color. As noted previously, the eggs or they may produce winged females that disperse to normally are deposited on catalpa and rose of sharon. secondary hosts and form new colonies. The dispersants typically select new growth to feed upon, and may produce Nymph both winged (alate) and wingless (apterous) female The nymphs vary in color from tan to gray or green, and offspring. -
Coccidology. the Study of Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (E-Journal) Revista Corpoica – Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (2008) 9(2), 55-61 RevIEW ARTICLE Coccidology. The study of scale insects (Hemiptera: Takumasa Kondo1, Penny J. Gullan2, Douglas J. Williams3 Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) Coccidología. El estudio de insectos ABSTRACT escama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: A brief introduction to the science of coccidology, and a synopsis of the history, Coccoidea) advances and challenges in this field of study are discussed. The changes in coccidology since the publication of the Systema Naturae by Carolus Linnaeus 250 years ago are RESUMEN Se presenta una breve introducción a la briefly reviewed. The economic importance, the phylogenetic relationships and the ciencia de la coccidología y se discute una application of DNA barcoding to scale insect identification are also considered in the sinopsis de la historia, avances y desafíos de discussion section. este campo de estudio. Se hace una breve revisión de los cambios de la coccidología Keywords: Scale, insects, coccidae, DNA, history. desde la publicación de Systema Naturae por Carolus Linnaeus hace 250 años. También se discuten la importancia económica, las INTRODUCTION Sternorrhyncha (Gullan & Martin, 2003). relaciones filogenéticas y la aplicación de These insects are usually less than 5 mm códigos de barras del ADN en la identificación occidology is the branch of in length. Their taxonomy is based mainly de insectos escama. C entomology that deals with the study of on the microscopic cuticular features of hemipterous insects of the superfamily Palabras clave: insectos, escama, coccidae, the adult female. -
The Semiaquatic Hemiptera of Minnesota (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Donald V
The Semiaquatic Hemiptera of Minnesota (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Donald V. Bennett Edwin F. Cook Technical Bulletin 332-1981 Agricultural Experiment Station University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ...................................3 Key to Adults of Nearctic Families of Semiaquatic Hemiptera ................... 6 Family Saldidae-Shore Bugs ............... 7 Family Mesoveliidae-Water Treaders .......18 Family Hebridae-Velvet Water Bugs .......20 Family Hydrometridae-Marsh Treaders, Water Measurers ...22 Family Veliidae-Small Water striders, Rime bugs ................24 Family Gerridae-Water striders, Pond skaters, Wherry men .....29 Family Ochteridae-Velvety Shore Bugs ....35 Family Gelastocoridae-Toad Bugs ..........36 Literature Cited ..............................37 Figures ......................................44 Maps .........................................55 Index to Scientific Names ....................59 Acknowledgement Sincere appreciation is expressed to the following individuals: R. T. Schuh, for being extremely helpful in reviewing the section on Saldidae, lending specimens, and allowing use of his illustrations of Saldidae; C. L. Smith for reading the section on Veliidae, checking identifications, and advising on problems in the taxon omy ofthe Veliidae; D. M. Calabrese, for reviewing the section on the Gerridae and making helpful sugges tions; J. T. Polhemus, for advising on taxonomic prob lems and checking identifications for several families; C. W. Schaefer, for providing advice and editorial com ment; Y. A. Popov, for sending a copy ofhis book on the Nepomorpha; and M. C. Parsons, for supplying its English translation. The University of Minnesota, including the Agricultural Experi ment Station, is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to its programs, facilities, and employment without regard to race, creed, color, sex, national origin, or handicap. The information given in this publication is for educational purposes only. -
Identification, Biology, Impacts, and Management of Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Soybean and Corn in the Midwestern United States
Journal of Integrated Pest Management (2017) 8(1):11; 1–14 doi: 10.1093/jipm/pmx004 Profile Identification, Biology, Impacts, and Management of Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Soybean and Corn in the Midwestern United States Robert L. Koch,1,2 Daniela T. Pezzini,1 Andrew P. Michel,3 and Thomas E. Hunt4 1 Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108 ([email protected]; Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jipm/article-abstract/8/1/11/3745633 by guest on 08 January 2019 [email protected]), 2Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected], 3Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 210 Thorne, 1680 Madison Ave. Wooster, OH 44691 ([email protected]), and 4Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, 57905 866 Rd., Concord, NE 68728 ([email protected]) Subject Editor: Jeffrey Davis Received 12 December 2016; Editorial decision 22 March 2017 Abstract Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) are an emerging threat to soybean and corn production in the midwestern United States. An invasive species, the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Sta˚ l), is spreading through the region. However, little is known about the complex of stink bug species associ- ated with corn and soybean in the midwestern United States. In this region, particularly in the more northern states, stink bugs have historically caused only infrequent impacts to these crops. To prepare growers and agri- cultural professionals to contend with this new threat, we provide a review of stink bugs associated with soybean and corn in the midwestern United States. -
Determination of the Lethal High Temperature for the Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Determination of the lethal high temperature for the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Y. PELLETIER Agriculture andAgri-Food Canada, Research Centre, P.D. Box 20280, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 4Z7. Received 22 January 1998; accepted 21 August 1998. Pelletier, Y. 1998. Determination ofthe lethal high temperature for INTRODUCTION the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Can. Agric. Eng. 40:185-189. The susceptibility of insects to high Temperature has a profound effect on living organisms. To a temperatures has been used to develop control methods for pests in large extend, the temperature ofan insect is detennined by the stored products and crops. Recently, microwaves and propane flamers temperature ofits surrounding environment (May 1985). Each were evaluated as control techniques for the Colorado potato beetle, insect species can function nonnally within a specific range of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). These methods aim to increase the temperatures. Ifthe body temperature increases above the upper body temperature of the insect above its lethal threshold. The lethal limit ofthat temperature range, the insect may experience heat high temperature for six stages of the Colorado potato beetle was torpor and eventually death. The relative sensitivity ofinsects evaluated by exposing the insects to either warm water or hot air. The to high temperatures has lead to the development of control lethal temperature obtained by immersing insects in warm water was methods that wann the air or the water surrounding the insect up to 5.2 °C lower than with hot air. The difference in the LT95 above its lethal temperature. Vaporheat, hot air, and immersion between the warm water and hot air tests varied with the size ofthe insect, the larger stages showing a larger difference. -
Late-Instar Behavior of Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae in Different Thermal and Nutritive Environments
Journal of Medical Entomology Advance Access published July 1, 2015 DEVELOPMENT,LIFE HISTORY Late-instar Behavior of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae in Different Thermal and Nutritive Environments 1 MICHAEL H. REISKIND AND M. SHAWN JANAIRO Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695. J. Med. Entomol. 1–8 (2015); DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv088 ABSTRACT The effects of temperature on ectotherm growth have been well documented. How tem- perature affects foraging behavior is less well explored, and has not been studied in larval mosquitoes. We hypothesized that temperature changes foraging behavior in the aquatic larval phase of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti L. Based on empirical results in other systems, we predicted that foraging effort would in- crease at higher temperatures in these insects. We tested this prediction over three temperature condi- tions at two food levels. We measured behaviors by video recording replicated cohorts of fourth-instar mosquitoes and assessing individual behavior and time budgets using an ethogram. We found both food level and temperature had significant impacts on larval foraging behavior, with more time spent actively foraging at low food levels and at low temperatures, and more occurrences of active foraging at both tem- perature extremes. These results are contrary to some of our predictions, but fit into theoretical re- sponses to temperature based upon dynamic energy budget models. KEY WORDS ecology & behavior, climate change, immature insects, mosquito borne diseases, metabolism/life processes Ectotherms derive their body temperature from the are a good system for examining behavioral response to environment and this has important consequences for temperature because of their bipartite lifecycle, estab- their life histories. -
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha Halys (Stål) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)1 Cory Penca and Amanda Hodges2
EENY346 Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)1 Cory Penca and Amanda Hodges2 Introduction The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Figure 1), is an invasive stink bug first identi- fied in the United States near Allentown, Pennsylvania, in 2001, though it was likely present in the area several years prior to its discovery (Hoebeke and Carter 2003). In the United States, the brown marmorated stink bug has emerged as a major pest of tree fruits and vegetables, caus- ing millions of dollars’ worth of crop damage and control costs each year (Leskey et al. 2012a). The brown marmo- rated stink bug has also become a nuisance to homeowners due to its use of structures as overwintering sites (Inkley Figure 1. An adult brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys 2012). The significance of the brown marmorated stink bug (Stål). Credits: Lyle J. Buss, UF/IFAS has resulted in a large body of academic, government, and private sector research focused on its control. Distribution The brown marmorated stink bug is native to eastern Synonymy Asia, including China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan (Lee et Pentatoma halys Stål (1855) al. 2013). Since its discovery in North America the brown marmorated stink bug has spread rapidly throughout the Poecilometis mistus Uhler (1860) eastern and midwestern United States, as well as establish- ing on the West Coast (Figure 2). Following its invasion Dalpada brevis Walker (1867) of North America, the brown marmorated stink bug has expanded its global range into Europe, Eurasia, and South Dalpada remota Walker (1867) America (Chile), making it an invasive species with a global impact (Wermelinger et al. -
Forensic Entomology: the Use of Insects in the Investigation of Homicide and Untimely Death Q
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. Winter 1989 41 Forensic Entomology: The Use of Insects in the Investigation of Homicide and Untimely Death by Wayne D. Lord, Ph.D. and William C. Rodriguez, Ill, Ph.D. reportedly been living in and frequenting the area for several Editor’s Note weeks. The young lady had been reported missing by her brother approximately four days prior to discovery of her Special Agent Lord is body. currently assigned to the An investigation conducted by federal, state and local Hartford, Connecticut Resident authorities revealed that she had last been seen alive on the Agency ofthe FBi’s New Haven morning of May 31, 1984, in the company of a 30-year-old Division. A graduate of the army sergeant, who became the primary suspect. While Univercities of Delaware and considerable circumstantial evidence supported the evidence New Hampshin?, Mr Lordhas that the victim had been murdered by the sergeant, an degrees in biology, earned accurate estimation of the victim’s time of death was crucial entomology and zoology. He to establishing a link between the suspect and the victim formerly served in the United at the time of her demise. States Air Force at the Walter Several estimates of postmortem interval were offered by Army Medical Center in Reed medical examiners and investigators. These estimates, Washington, D.C., and tire F however, were based largely on the physical appearance of Edward Hebert School of the body and the extent to which decompositional changes Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland. had occurred in various organs, and were not based on any Rodriguez currently Dr. -
The European Corn Borer EILEEN CULLEN and JOHN WEDBERG
A1220 The European corn borer EILEEN CULLEN and JOHN WEDBERG Common name Life cycle — laying. High temperatures and low ScientificEuropean name corn borer European corn borers pass the humidity will increase moth mor- —Ostrinia nubilalis winter as full-grown larvae, usually tality. The number of viable eggs laid Appearance living inside old corn stalks, in the depends upon the availability of stems of weed hosts, or in vegetable drinking water. (Dew is considered a Full-grown larvae of the stems left in the field. Spring devel- source of drinking water.) Heavy European corn borer range in length 3 opment begins when temperatures rains interfere with moth activity, but from ⁄4 to 1 inch and vary in color exceed 50°F. The larvae pupate showers do not. from gray to creamy white. The body during May, and moths appear in The first moths of the year are is covered with numerous dark spots June. Cool weather or drought may attracted to the tallest corn for egg and the head is black. Adults are delay spring development of borers laying. Female moths deposit egg straw-colored moths with a 1-inch while warm weather and adequate masses on the underside along the wingspread. Male moths are slightly moisture may accelerate it. Due to the midrib of lower leaves of young corn smaller and distinctly darker than lake influence and other moderating plants. It takes approximately 6 days females. Adult females lay eggs on factors, spring moth appearance for eggs to hatch at typical late-June the underside of leaves near the 1 3 lingers into July in the eastern and temperatures in central Wisconsin.