The Asian High Speed Rail Experience

T.C. Kao Vice President ‐ Engineering (retired) HSR Corp. Professor National Taiwan University Visiting Professor University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign

National Taiwan University 1 Four Asian HSR Countries

• Japan (1964) • South Korea (2005) • Taiwan (2007) • China (2008)

2 Japanese Shinkanshen

3 Japan -

• Commercial service: Tokaido Shinkansen ( New Trunk Line) October 1, 1964, 515 km route length • First line was planned in 1930s • After the war, 1959 restart • Enclosed ‐dedicated line • Electrification • Distributed power EMU

4 High Speed Rail Network

Total length = 2459 Km

5 Some figures about operation (May 2008)

44 years in operation 4.9 billion passengers up to 360,000/ passengers/ day (Tokyo‐ Osaka) No Fatalities

6 High Capacity - Max Yamabiko

7 Shared operation

8 Rail Culture

9 Experience

• Designed for earthquake and • Derailed experience

10 Evolution of Trackworks

11 Evolution of HSR Civil Works

12 Korean HSR Experience

13 Route of the KHSR

14 Evolution of KTX trains KTX/ KTX II / HEMU 400

15 KTX - Technical Transfer from TGV

 Fleets : 46 Train‐sets – 12 sets Directly Imported from – 34 sets Manufactured in Korea using Technical Transferred from France . – Equipment manufactured in Korea under license, 87% localization rate for the final set, remaining 13% : Pantograph, Traction Motor, Control Units, etc  Technical Transfer – 350,000 documents – 23,000 pages in operation and maintenance manuals – 1,000 Korean engineers trained in France – 400 French engineers worked in Korea

16 Development of KTX II

 HSR350-X Project  Participants

- KRRI : Project Management and System Engineering

- Rotem : Rolling Stock Manufacturing

- 50 Sub-vendors, 18 Research Institutes, and 29 Universities are Involved

17 Development of HEMU - 400

 EMU type, to replace Push‐Pull type  Max. Speed of 400km/h  Higher Transporting Capacity  Lighter Wheel Load (13 ton)  Higher Acceleration/Deceleration Rate  Target Year to Complete : 2013

18 KRRI Facility

1919 & Civil Engineering Facilities

Tri-axial testing system Integrated test system for railroad ballast for railroad infrastructure Multi axial testing system for track components Trackbed Lab. Environ. Lab. Track Lab. Structures Environmental Lab. clean room

High speed wheel/rail Universal Geo-probe for 6-DOF seismic table contact simulator Testing Machine contaminated trackbed 2020 Taiwan High Speed Rail Experience

21 GDP of Taiwan (1970‐1997)

Taiwan of

Dollar)

(US GDP

Per Rate

(%) Increasing

Year Annual 22 Congestion of the Freeway

23 94% of the population live on the west corridor

TAIPEI, Taoyuan

Population / m2 >15000 Hsinchu 5000‐15000 3000‐5000 1000‐3000 500‐1000 300‐500 100‐300 <100

Tainan,

24 Why does Taiwan need HSR?

Capacity TRA High Rail

Airplane Bus Low Car

100 300 600

Speed (Km/Hour) 25 Why does Taiwan need HSR?

To enhance economic growth •High Capacity •Energy Conservation To open up more areas •Low Pollution for development •Land Use Efficiency

To relieve transport congestion along the western coastal plain

Capacity TRA High Rail HSR Airplane Bus Low Car

100 300 600

Speed (Km/Hour) 26 Why does Taiwan need HSR?

"If the only tool you have is a hammer, you tend to see every problem as a nail.” Abraham Maslow

Capacity High

Airplane Bus Low Car

100 300 600

Speed (Km/Hour) 27 High Speed Rail Route Plan

HSR • The total length of the High Speed Rail is

HSR Banciao Station HSR Sijhih Depot 345 km (214 mi.) from to Kaohsiung and passes through 14 cities and 77 towns. HSR Taipei Station HSR Lioujia Depot HSR Taoyuan Station • Stations to be constructed under the initial HSR Hsinchu Station phase of the Project:

HSR Wurih Depot HSR Miaoli Station Taipei, Banciao, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, HSR Taichung Station Taichung, Chaiyi, , Zuoying (for Kaohsiung) HSR Changhua Station

HSR Depot • Stations planned for later phases of the HSR Yunlin Station project: Miaoli, Changhua, Yunlin, Nangang HSR Chiayi Station • Main Workshop: Yanchao (near Kaohsiung)

HSR Yanchao HSR Tainan Station Main Workshop • Stabling Yard : Sijhih, Wurih, Zuoying HSR Zuoying Station • Infrastructure Maintenance Bases: HSR Zuoying Depot Sijhih, Lioujia, Wurih, Taibao, Zuoying N • Maintenance Center: Zuoying

28 Master Program

ITEM 2000 2001 2002 20032004 2005 2006 Civil Works 2000.04~2004.09 •Design/Build Stations 1999.11~2000.11 2002.08~2002.11 •Design/Tender 2000.04~2006.02 •Build Depots •Design/Tender 2001.06~2003.08 •Build 2003.08~2006.10

Track Works 2002.06~2005.04 •Design/Build Core System 2001.03~2005.11 •Procurement 2003.09~2005.11 •Installation Testing & 2005.01~2006.12 Commissioning

Copyright © 2006 Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation. All Contents Confidential. 29 THSRC BOT Scheme

Planning by Concession Period Transfer Government assets to 10 Years 35 years government

Planning Build Operate Transfer

THSR is the largest Build‐Operate‐Transfer infrastructure project in the World 30 T700 Trainset

• 12 coaches Standard class • 1business ，11 standard class • 989 passenger seats

Business class

31 Civil Works • Bridges and Viaducts (73%) • Tunnels (18%) • Earthworks (9%)

32 Trackworks Evolution

• Pre‐ 1997‐ 100% ballasted track • 1998‐ 50/50 % (source of granite aggregate, subsidence, settlement, embankment). • 2002‐ 99% slab

33 Track Structures

• J slab • Rheda 2000 • Low Vibration Trackworks (LVT) • Embedded Track – Edilon • Ballasted track

34 Mix-Use of Rheda and J-Slab

35 Interfaces Between Different Track Structures

36 Performance of High Speed Trains in Earthquake

• March 4 ,2011 M= 6.4 Kaohsiung Earthquake • 6 trains in operation • One train lost the pantograph • On train derailed

37 New High Speed Rail Towns

Chiayi Taoyuan

N Taoyuan Hsinchu

Taichung Tainan Hsinchu

Chiayi

Tainan

Taoyuan :490 ha Taichung Hsinchu : 309 ha Taichung : 272 ha Chiayi : 135 ha Tainan : 299 ha Total : 1,505 ha

38 The Big Bang - Chinese Experience

39 China – Olympics HSR

• China inaugurated its first HS line in August 1, 2008. • In less than 3 years, China had completed 7500 km HS line, the longest in the world.

40 Most Ambitious Plan

41 Fastest Train - CRH 380A

42 How could this happen?

• Planned as early as 1990 • Two homemade high speed rail lines • Strong rail industry • 6 speed‐up incremental approach

43 The Only Commercial Line

Courtesy of China Daily

44 Thank you

、

45 46