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Le-Mode-Le-Asiatique.Pdf « Le cas de l’Asie montre qu’il n’existe aucune raison valable pour que l’Afrique reste pauvre » ALIKO DANCOTE, FONDATEUR DU CONGLOMÉRAT DANGOTE GROUP LE MODÈLE ASIATIQUE Pourquoi l’Afrique devrait s’inspirer de l’Asie, et ce qu’elle ne devrait pas faire GREG MILLS, OLUSEGUN OBASANJO, HAILEMARIAM DESALEGN ET EMILY VAN DER MERWE « Excellent produit, résultat d’un très gros travail et d’une grande perspicacité. » Joe Studwell, auteur, How Asia Works « Ce livre explique comment l’Afrique peut imiter les meilleurs moments du parcours de l’Asie pour passer de la pauvreté à la prospérité, et comment elle peut en éviter les pires. » Président Ernest Bai Koroma « Une fenêtre instructive pour l’Asie sur l’Afrique ; pour les Africains, l’histoire point par point du développement en Asie. » Shu Zhan, Directeur de recherche et Directeur du Centre d’Études Africaines, Fondation de Chine pour les Études internationales « L’Afrique devrait faire une meilleure utilisation de l’aide – et éviter la souffrance causée par les mauvais choix de politiques. Ces leçons – et bien plus encore – sont le devant et le centre du Modèle asiatique. » Jordan Ryan, ancien Directeur du Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement au Vietnam, et Représentant Spécial Adjoint pour le Libéria « Un autre volume remarquable de l’équipe d’hommes d’État-analystes distingués de Brenthurst, qui offrent des perspectives sur les réussites du développement économique et social de l’Asie et en tirent des leçons essentielles pour l’Afrique. Il offre à l’Afrique des choix clairs sur comment devenir la prochaine Asie tout en évitant ses erreurs. » Emmanuel Gyimah-Boadi, Directeur exécutif, Afrobarometer « La grande différence entre l’Asie et l’Afrique, comme le souligne cet ouvrage majeur, est le leadership et la gouvernance. Comment l’Afrique répondra-t-elle à ses crises dépend de ses dirigeants. » Hakainde Hichilema, Président du Parti uni pour le Développement national, Zambie « Cet ouvrage fascinant permet aux pays africains de relativiser : il est possible de transformer son passé en une expérience positive. » Souleymane Coulibaly, Banque Mondiale, Malaisie « Le Modèle asiatique est le livre de politiques le plus approfondi sur comment l’Afrique peut tirer des leçons de l’Asie. Il est pratique, d’une grande profondeur et d’une grande envergure. » Kingsley Moghalu, Candidat à la présidence en 2019, Parti des Jeunes progressistes, Nigeria « Très instructif et utile aux dirigeants africains… » Moeketsi Majoro, Ministre des Finances, Lesotho « Le Modèle asiatique est un ouvrage captivant qui offre des perspectives pratiques et déborde de leçons utiles. Une lecture hautement recommandée. » David Monyae, co-Directeur de l’Institut Confucius, Université de Johannesburg « Un exposé fascinant du miracle économique moderne de l’Asie. Un livre que les décideurs, les donateurs et toute personne intéressée par l’avenir de l’Afrique doivent lire. » Zitto Kabwe, Chef du parti d’opposition, Alliance pour le Changement et la Transparence, Tanzanie « Une trousse à outils et un manuel de développement utiles aux praticiens et aux dirigeants actuels ou futurs, qui croient en une nouvelle Afrique, aux possibilités d’un leadership basé sur le raisonnement et aux possibilités qu’offrent les idées. Ce superbe exposé devrait choquer les lecteurs et les pousser à ressentir une certaine urgence. » Nelson Chamisa, Président du Mouvement pour le Changement démocratique, Zimbabwe « Il y a un manque de vision commune par rapport au développement à long terme en Afrique. Ce livre instructif, qui offre une analyse perspicace ainsi que des exemples frappants, permettra de contribuer grandement à la création d’un consensus sur la croissance future du continent. » Tang Xiaoyang, Université de Tsinghua, Chine LE MODÈLE ASIATIQUE Pourquoi l’Afrique devrait s’inspirer de l’Asie, et ce qu’elle ne devrait pas faire Greg Mills, Olusegun Obasanjo, Hailemariam Desalegn et Emily van der Merwe Co-publié en mars 2020 par : The Konrad Adenauer Stiftung 60 Hume Road Dunkeld Johannesburg South Africa +2711 214 2900 et The Brenthurst Foundation 6 St Andrews Road Parktown Johannesburg South Africa +2711 274 2098 © Greg Mills, Olusegun Obasanjo, Hailemariam Desalegn et Emily van der Merwe 2020 Tous droits réservés. Aucune partie du présent ouvrage ne peut être reproduite, enregistrée ou insérée dans un système informatique de mise en mémoire, ni transmise sous quelque forme ou par quelque moyen que ce soit (électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie ou l’enregistrement), sans permission écrite préalable de l’éditeur. Quiconque commet un acte non autorisé par rapport à cette publication s’expose à des sanctions pénales et à un procès civil en indemnisation. Traduit par l’équipe de Transcentral Pty Ltd – Eva Arissani, Laurent Chauvet, Roméo Nkoulou Ella Relu et corrigé par Hélène Dupreez Maquette et typographie par Sheaf Publishing cc, Johannesburg Imprimé et relié par Law Print Pty Ltd, Johannesburg ISBN : 978-0-620-87398-7 E-ISBN : 978-0-620-87399-4 Les auteurs Le Dr Greg Mills dirige la Fondation Brenthurst qui est basée à Johannesburg et a été établie par la famille Oppenheimer en 2005, pour renforcer les résultats économiques de l’Afrique. Il a été chercheur invité à l’Ecole S. Rajaratnam d’Études internationales (S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies) à Singapour, au Centre des Études sur les stratégies et la défense (Strategic and Defence Studies Centre) à l’Université nationale d’Australie (Australia National University), au Centre d’Études africaines (Centre for African Studies) de l’Université de Cambridge, à l’Académie des Sciences sociales du Vietnam (Vietnamese Academy for Social Sciences), et au Centre des Études mondiales de l’Université de Shanghai. Membre du Comité consultatif du Royal United Services Institute basé à Londres, il est l’auteur des livres à succès Why Africa Is Poor, Africa’s Third Liberation, et conjointement, entre autres, avec le Président de la Fondation Brenthurst et l’ancien Président du Nigeria, Olusegun Obasanjo L’Afrique en marche : Un Manuel pour la réussite économique (publié en quatre langues en 2017) et, en 2019, Oui, la démocratie marche : Reconfigurer la politique à l’avantage de l’Afrique. Directeur national de l’Institut des Affaires internationales d’Afrique du Sud de 1996 à 2005, il collabore avec le Conseil du renseignement national des États-Unis (US national Intelligence Council) et le Centre pour le Développement, les Concepts et la Doctrine de l’Armée britannique (British Army’s Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre) sur leurs projets respectifs sur les Tendances mondiales, et avec le Commandant de la Force internationale d’assistance à la sécurité en Afghanistan, lors de quatre déploiements entre 2006 et 2012. Il dirige des projets de réforme dans plus d’une douzaine de pays africains, dont le Rwanda, le Ghana, le Kenya, le Malawi, l’Éthiopie, la Somalie et le Mozambique. Il est nommé à la Commission de l’Afrique par le Premier ministre danois ainsi qu’au Comité de haute instance de la Banque africaine de Développement sur les États fragiles. Il est né à Cape Town où il a fait ses études. Il est diplômé des Universités de Cape Town et de Lancaster. M. Olusegun Obasanjo est l’ancien Président du Nigeria. Il a fait une carrière militaire distinguée, y inclus servir au sein de la Mission de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies au Congo en 1960, et recevoir au nom du gouvernement nigérian l’acte de reddition des forces de l’opposition durant la Guerre civile du Nigeria en 1970. Après avoir étudié dans divers établissements d’enseignement, dont le lycée baptiste d’Abeokuta (Abeokuta Baptist High School), l’Ecole d’ingénieurs de l’Armée indienne (Indian Army School of Engineering) et le Royal College of Defence Studies à Londres, il s’est élevé jusqu’au grade de Général d’armée, puis est devenu Chef de l’État du Nigeria après l’assassinat du Chef d’État militaire d’alors, en février 1976. Il a ensuite rendu le pouvoir à un gouvernement élu démocratiquement en octobre 1979. v LE MODÈLE ASIATIQUE Emprisonné pour ses opinions prodémocratie pendant trois ans et demi jusqu’à la mort du Général Sani Abacha en juin 1998, à sa libération il est élu démocratiquement Président de la République en 1999, et une deuxième fois en 2003. Avec plus de 30 livres publiés sur une variété de sujets, il poursuit sa passion pour la résolution de conflits, la médiation et le développement à travers un certain nombre d’institutions, dont la Bibliothèque présidentielle Olusegun Obasanjo à Abeokuta, Tana Forum et la Fondation Brenthurst. Hailemariam Desalegn a été le deuxième Premier Ministre exécutif d’Éthiopie. Il est entré en fonction en août 2012 à la suite du décès du Premier Ministre Meles Zenawi, jusqu’à sa résignation et la passation du pouvoir à son successeur, le Premier Ministre Dr Abyi Ahmed en avril 2018. Avant cela, il a exercé la fonction de Vice-Premier Ministre, Ministre des Affaires étrangères, Ministre des Affaires sociales et Chief-Whip du Cabinet sous le Premier Ministre Meles Zenawi. Il a également exercé la fonction de Gouverneur de l’État régional du Sud pendant six ans. Né en 1965, il est diplômé en Génie civil de l’Université d’Addis Abeba. En 1990, il reçoit une bourse pour étudier à l’Université de Technologie de Tampere en Finlande, où il obtient un Master en Hydrotechnique et génie climatique. Il obtient également un deuxième Master de l’Université Azusa Pacific en Californie (USA) en 2006. À son retour en Éthiopie, il exécute diverses fonctions universitaires et administratives, dont celle de Doyen de L’Institut des Technologies de l’eau. C’est le premier dirigeant dans l’histoire de l’Éthiopie moderne à se retirer volontairement de son poste, préparant ainsi le terrain pour les réformes radicales.
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