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BONY FISHES GERREIDAE
Loc. names : Jerki (Sin); Mudro (Bal)
FAO names : En - Silver-biddies Fr - Blanches Sp - Mojarras
Size : Max.: to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, beach seines, stakenets and other types of artisanal gear
Habitat and biology : Found in shallow coastal waters, some species also in brackish waters,
lagoons and estuaries. Bottom-living, feed on ben- thic organism.
Interest to fisheries : Species of this family are rather common and are frequently caught in creeks, often in large quantities. They are dried with or without salt or used in manure
Gerres filamentosus Cuvier, 1829
Synonyms Gerres punctatus Cuvier, 1830
Pertica filamentosa Munro, 1955
?Gerres macracanthus Bleeker, 1854
Loc. names : Jerki (Sin); Mudro (Bal) Long-rayed silver-biddy (En)
FAO names : En - Whipfin silver-biddy
Fr - Blanche fil Sp - Mojarra de hebra
Size : Max.: 25 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with beach seines and bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Lives in shallow coastal waters, to about 50 m depth, on sandy bottoms, but also in rocky and
coralline areas
Gerres oyena (Forsskål , 1775)
Synonyms None
Loc. names : Jerki (Sin); Mudro (Bal) Lined silver-biddy (En)
FAO names : En - Common silver-biddy Fr - Blanche commune Sp - Mojarra común
Size : Max.: 25 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls and seines
Habitat and biology : Common on sandy beaches, also entering estuaries and brackish lagoons. Lives on small benthic organisms - 58 -
BONY FISHES
GERREIDAE
Gerres poieti Cuvier, 1829
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Jerki (Sin); Mudro (Bal)
FAO names : En - Strongspine silver-biddy Fr - Blanche armée Sp - Mojarra espinuda
Size : Max.: 20 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Taken with stakenets, liftnets and beach seines
Habitat and biology : Common in estuaries and coastal lasons; forms small schools . Feeds on small benthic invertebrates
Pentaprion longimanus ( Cantor, 1850)
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Jerki (Sin); Mudro (Bal)
FAO names : En - Longfin silver-biddy Fr - Blanche à pagaies Sp - Mojarra alona
Size : Max.: 15 cm; common to 10 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Lives near the bottom, to . about 70 m depth; forms large schools. Feeds on small benthic organisms
LUTJANIDAE
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin); Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal)
FAO names : En - Snappers, jobfishes, etc. Fr - Vivaneaux, colas, etc. Sp - Pargos , panchitos, etc.
Size : Some species may exceed 100 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with bottom trawls, handlines, longlines, gillnets and traps
Habitat and biology : These are mostly demersal species, found from inshore waters to considerable depths (continental slope), the juveniles of some species entering estuaries. They are not schooling species but some form aggregations. They feed mainly at night, on the bottom, on fish, crustaceans, cuttlefish and worms.
Interest to fisheries : Snappers are usually of high commercial value because of their delicate flesh. The
Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) reports catches of Lutjanus species ranging from 940 t (1983) to 4 365 t (1973), with an average of 2 241 t - 59 -
BONY FISHES LUTJANIDAE Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål, 1775) PLATE IX, 54
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin); Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal) Red snapper (En)
FAO names : En - Mangrove red snapper
Fr - Vivaneau des mangroves Sp - Pargo de manglar
Size : Max.: 120 cm; common to 80 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines, bottom trawls and bottom longlines
Habitat and biology : A coastal species, the juveniles in shallow water and mangrove areas, the adults to 80 m
depth. Feeds mainly on crustaceans and fishes
Lutjanus erythropterus Bloch, 1790 PLATE X, 59
Synonyms Lutjanus altifrontalis
Lutjanus malabaricus (non-Bloch Schneider)
Loc. name : Hira, Hiro (Sin), Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal)
FAO names : En - Crimson snapper Fr - Vivaneau cramoisi Sp - Pargo carmesi
Size : Mar.: 60 cm; common to 45 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with longlines and bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits shallow coastal waters to about 60 m depth. Feeds on bottom-living invertebrates and fish
Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775) PLATE X, 60
, 1775) Synonyms : Lutjanus fulviflammus (Forsskål
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin); Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal)
One-spot golden snapper (En)
FAO names : En - Blackspot snapper Fr - Vivaneau gibelot Sp - Pargo tintero
Size : Mar.: 35 cm; common to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines, traps and gillnets
Habitat and biology : Shallow coastal waters, mainly around mangroves on muddy or rocky bottoms; also in reef
areas. Feeds on invertebrates and small fishes. - 60 -
BONY FISHES
LUTJANIDAE
Lutjanus johnii (Bloch, 1792) PLATE XI, 63
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin); Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal) Moses perch (En)
FAO names : En - John s snapper Fr - Vivaneau ziebelo Sp - Pargo jaspeado
Size : Max.: 70 cm; common to 50 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with handlines, bottom trawls and traps
Habitat and biology : Shallow coastal waters, including mangrove areas; also found down to depths of 80 m. Feeds on bottom-living invertebrates and fishes
Lutjanus lunulatus (Park, 1797) PLATE XI, 66
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin); Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal) Crescent snapper (En)
FAO names : En - Lunartail snapper
Fr - Vivaneau queue lune Sp - Pargo raboluna
Size : Max.: 35 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines, traps and gillnets
Habitat and biology : Mainly in reef areas, to about 50 m depth. Feeds on fishes and crustaceans
Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch, 1790 PLATE XII, 67
Synonyms : Lutjanus lineolatus (Rüppell, 1828)
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin); Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal) Rosy snapper (En)
FAO names : En - Bigeye snapper Fr - Vivaneau gros yeux Sp - Pargo de Madras
Size : Max.. 30 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with handlines and bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : In coastal waters to 80 m depth, including reef areas. Feeds on bottom-living inverte- brates and fishes - 61 -
BONY FISHES
LUTJANIDAE
Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch Schneider, 1801) PLATE XII, 68
Synonyms : Lutjanus sanguineus (Cuvier, 1828)
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin); Hiro, Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal) Malabar snapper (En)
FAO names : En - Malabar blood snapper Fr - Vivaneau malabar Sp - Pargo malabárico
Size : Max.: 90 cm; common to 50 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines, bottom longlines and bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters to 100 m depth. Feeds on bottom-living invertebrates
Lutjanus rivulatus (Cuvier, 1828) PLATE XII, 69
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin); Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal) Blue-lined snapper (En)
FAO names : En - Blubberlip snapper Fr - Vivaneau maori Sp - Pargo maori
Size : Max.: 65 cm; common to 35 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines, traps, gillnets. Occasionally trawled
Habitat and biology : In shallow coastal waters to 150 m depth, usually around rocks and coral reefs. The adults are solitary. Feeds on fishes and crustaceans
Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier, 1828) PLATE XII, 72
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin); Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal)
FAO names : En - Emperor red snapper Fr - Vivaneau bourgeois Sp - Pargo imperial
Size : Max.: over 100 cm; common to 60 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines and bot- tom trawls
Habitat and biology :In coastal waters, the juveniles in mangrove and seagrass areas, the adults down to 100 m
depth. Feeds on crustaceans and bottom living fishes
- 62 -
BONY FISHES
Other species of Lutjanidae LUTJANIDAE
Aphareus furcatus (Lacepède, 1802) Small-toothed jobfish size: to 40 cm
Apron virescens Valenciennes, 1830 PLATE IX, 50 Green jobfish
size: to 80 cm PLATE IX, 51
head of large adult
Etelis carbunculus (Cuvier in Cuv. Val. 1830) Ruby snapper size: to 70 cm PLATE IX, 52 Lipocheilus carnolabrum (Chan, 1970) Tang s snapper size: to 60 cm PLATE IX, 53
Lutjanus bohar (Forsskål, 1775) Two-spot red snapper size: to 75 cm PLATE X, 56
Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskål, 1775) Humpback red snapper size: to 50 cm PLATE XI, 62 Lutjanus lemniscatus (Valenciennes, 1830) Yellowstreaked snapper size: to 65 cm PLATE XI, 65 - 63 -
BONY FISHES
Other species of Lutjanidae LUTJANIDAE
PLATE XII, 71
Lutjanus sanguineus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828
Humped snapper size: to 85 cm
Lutjanus fulvus (Schneider, 1801) Blacktail snapper size: to 50 cm PLATE XI, 61
PLATE X, 55
Lutjanus bengalensis (Bloch, 1790) Bengal snapper size: to 30 cm PLATE X, 57
Lutjanus coeruleolineatus (Rüppell , 1835) Blueline snapper size: to 35 cm
PLATE XI, 64
Lutjanus Kashmir (Forsskål 1775) Common bluestripe snapper PLATE X, 58 size: to 30 cm Lutjanus ehrenargii (Peters, 1869) Ehremberg s snapper size: to 30 cm
PLATE XII, 70
PLATE XIII, 73
Lutjanus russelli (Bleeker, 1849) Russell s snapper Lutjanus vitta (Quoy Gaimard, 1824) size: to 40 cm Brownstripe snapper size: to 40 cm - 64 -
BONY FISHES
Other species of Lutjanidae LUTJANIDAE
PLATE XIII, 74 PLATE XIII, 76
Macolor niger (Forsskål , 1775) Pinjalo pinjalo (Bleeker, 1850) Black and white snapper Pinjalo snapper Gazi-gwazi (Bal) size: to 80 cm size: to 60 cm
top of head
PLATE XIII, 75 PLATE XIII, 77
Paracaesio xanthurus Bleeker, 1869 Pristipomoides multidens (Day, 1870) Yellowtail blue snapper Goldband job size: to 45 cm size: to 90 cm
PLATE XIII, 78
Pristipomoides zonatus (Valenciennes, 1830) Oblique-banded snapper size: to 50 cm
NEMIPTERIDAE
Loc. names : Katti (Sin); Kolonto (Bal)
FAO names : En - Threadfin breams, monocle breams, dwarf monocle breams Fr - Cohanas, mamilas Sp - Bagas, besugatos
Size : Max.: 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls and on line gear
Habitat and biology : Small to medium- sized fishes, mostly living in shallow coas- tal waters, on sandy or muddy bottoms as well as in coral reef areas, but also in deeper waters (to 400 m depth). They feed chiefly on bottom-living invertebrates
Interest to fisheries : Some species, i.e., Nemipterus japonicus, form large schools and are excellent foodfishes.
In Pakistan , however, they are mainly used for fishmeal. The Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-
83) reported 81 t of Nemipterus only for 1983. Nemipterus species are however an important part of the catch of the joint venture trawl fishery click for next page