European Commission

European Development Days 2006-2013

8 years of policy debates from the European Consensus to the post-2015 agenda

Brussels, 2014 Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers European Development Days to your questions about the European Union. 2006-2013 Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. 8 years of policy debates from the European Consensus to the post-2015 agenda

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Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014 ISBN 978-92-79-38970-2 doi: 10.2841/47722 Forward by José Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission.

© European Union, 2014 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. This book has been published by the European Commission's Directorate-General for Development and Cooperation - EuropeAid in August 2014. Printed in Belgium

Printed on elemental chlorine-free bleached paper (ecf) European Commission The European Development Days: a partnership of strong values and bold ideas

José Manuel Barroso President of the European Commission

European values and the EDDs proud to say, were rewarded with the Nobel Peace Prize in 2012. And they have combined with our When I addressed the European Development Days commitment to development in framing our efforts in Brussels in December 2010 I stated my belief in to help fellow citizens around the world, whose a Europe that is open and committed to the values needs are so much greater than ours. of development, freedom and solidarity. These values have been central to the European project European citizens support our development efforts ever since its inception and continue to permeate because they understand that, in our modern world, the European Union’s policies and activities to this we have the technology and resources to defeat day. They are an intrinsic part of what makes us poverty. As I said at the European Development Europeans. They have also been at the heart of the Days in 2011, all human beings aspire to a dignified European Development Days, which have become life for themselves and their children. It is frankly a key fixture in the world’s development calendar in unacceptable and incredible that we can send people less than a decade. into space but cannot send all our children to school; that while so many of us enjoy levels of wealth It was a decade ago that the European Union took previous generations could only dream of, so many on the largest and most ambitious enlargement others struggle to find work and can barely afford to project in its history. Solidarity, freedom and a sense put food on the table, heat their homes or get decent of common purpose underpinned this project, as healthcare for themselves or their families. they have every other enlargement project before or since. They have enabled us to turn a continent left That is why our poverty eradication efforts must divided and poor by war into a strong, prosperous continue. And it is why solidarity and freedom have and peaceful Union – efforts which, I am immensely been recurring themes at the EDDs.

4 5 Importance of aid I am proud that we have made good on the pledge Governance and democracy: I am happy to say that we are close to achieving I announced in my opening speech at our very first vital to human development an ambitious external dimension of the next Of course, the official development assistance EDDs in 2006 – to forge a stronger, more political seven-year budget that would express a strong EU we provide is a vital part of our development partnership with Africa. This strategic partnership, As someone who grew up in a dictatorship I know commitment on democracy and human rights. cooperation and poverty eradication efforts. We too, is based on shared values, interests and objectives. how poor governance and lack of freedom can wear have succeeded in maintaining high levels of aid It covers an array of areas, from peace and security people down, stifle opportunity, choke potential. The European Instrument for Democracy and in the European Union’s budget for 2014 to 2020 to social and human development and economic and Societies that deny people their basic rights are also Human Rights is our main tool in this area. Last for the next 7 years. Our aid budget, amounting to trade cooperation. And it strives to bring Africa and preventing them from creating wealth and building week, an agreement was reached to increase its 50.1 billion euro, will be mostly targeted towards Europe closer together through stronger economic decent lives for themselves and their families as funding for 2014-2020 by 21 per cent compared to the poorest countries where our aid really has an cooperation and more sustainable development. valuable and valued members of the community. In the current budget. The part of it that is dedicated to added value. Indeed, 70 per cent of EU bilateral All in all, the time has therefore come for us to move doing so, these societies are unwittingly sowing the human rights and their defenders … has doubled its cooperation will be allocated to least developed on from traditional donor-recipient relationships seeds of their own failure. share, from 10 per cent to 20 per cent of the program. and other low-income countries. We are very proud and embrace a shared long-term vision with our Moreover, one of the financial instruments within that the European Union and its Member States partners in a globalised world. The debates around development and governance EU budget to channel development aid, the together remain the world’s leading donor. I have issues have provided the European Development Development Cooperation Instrument, will contain given my personal backing to a robust and well- Days with some of their most moving testimonies from 2014 an additional and new objective: It will funded EU development policy because I have seen Beyond aid down the years. At the inaugural EDDs in 2006 we use a rights-based approach that includes human with my own eyes the transformational results that welcomed Mo Ibrahim Prize laureate Festus Mogae rights in all EU development cooperation activities. aid can bring. These broader, strategic partnerships will see us open alongside anti-apartheid campaigner Desmond De facto this will transform the DCI into a pro- up trade links and help countries lay the foundations Tutu. Aung San Suu Kyi spoke to the 2010 EDDs democracy and human rights instrument. This is The Lisbon Treaty that guides all European Union for growth and prosperity to which all people can via a video address, just a few weeks after her a major achievement that actually goes beyond action has clearly made poverty eradication the main contribute and from which all can benefit. We want release from house arrest. And then, a year later, we the 40 per cent that you are referring to. aim of EU development policy. It has encouraged us to build stronger partnerships with civil society and gathered in Warsaw with the Arab Spring still fresh to continue looking outwards, even when economic new players like the private sector. We are looking in our minds. In grappling with the sometimes thorny subject difficulties have made it tempting for us to look in to help boost domestic resource mobilisation in our of governance on more than one occasion, the on ourselves. partner countries. And we are pursuing innovative As we have learnt from these freedom leaders, European Development Days have once again In looking outwards we have seen a changed development financing methods to get more from building "deep democracy" is a complex task. It showed that they are at the cutting edge of the world in which the EU’s development priorities the development resources we put in. relies on many factors: free elections, institutional development debate. They never shy away from must change as well. As a development minister in So aid is just part of the story. Development is not and legislative reform, a pluralistic system of parties, even the most challenging development debates. Portugal I witnessed how development cooperation just about numbers, but also about values. As I said an independent judiciary and respect for the rule of And they contribute hugely to shaping the based on real partnership, with partner countries at the 2011 EDDs in Warsaw, good governance, law, fundamental freedoms and minority rights, the development community’s responses on a wide making their own development choices, can make a human rights democracy and the rule of law are key fight against discrimination, the independence of range of topical and recurring issues, not least real difference to people’s lives. to the European vision of development. the media, the fight against corruption, transparency global public goods. Take climate change, for and accountability. Putting these principles into instance, which has featured prominently in almost Accordingly, with more advanced countries we are Accordingly, the European Union has been steadfast practice remains a challenge for many countries. all editions of the European Development Days, exploring more relevant, modern, mutually beneficial in its support for good governance and democracy But it is a challenge that must be overcome, because but which took centre stage along with sustainable partnerships, so that we can focus our development as a cornerstone of development, making it a pillar to build such a system is to sow important seeds for development at the second EDDs in Lisbon in priorities on those who need our help most. of the Agenda for Change. human realisation and growth and development. 2007.

6 7 Climate change and other disappear as sea levels rise; and representatives development and poverty eradication are the key The EDDs shape development ideas domestic and global challenges from countries such as Niger and Mali, where a issues. lack of water and desertification make the future At the 2007 EDDs we cast a critical eye over the I am immensely proud of the work the European look difficult. state of progress towards achieving the Millennium Union is doing. It has had to keep pace with a world In Lisbon I highlighted the duty of solidarity we Development Goals. This helped spawn the EU’s in constant flux, an evolving development landscape have towards those developing countries most The European Union is taking wide-ranging billion euro MDG Initiative, through which we and shifts in our relationships with various countries vulnerable to the effects of climate change. action to provide Europeans with the kind of have been working with more than 50 countries and organisations. Throughout these changing sustainable future we also hope to see for people to make progress on the most off-track MDGs, times, the European Development Days have been Climate change is clearly a major development in our partner countries. Through the ambitious including maternal health and access to water a reassuring and reliable constant. I am immensely challenge. It is seriously affecting developing Europe 2020 Strategy I launched a few years ago and sanitation. It also foreshadowed the 2013 proud of this wonderful project which, since Louis countries, where the greatest adaptation challenges we are striving to be a smart, sustainable and UN event on progress towards the MDGs and the Michel and I conceived it, has grown into a truly lie. The European Union is leading by example inclusive economy for the 21st century. Through global discussions on the post-2015 framework, in global forum on which the world’s most prominent in combating climate change with its 20-20-20 our Policy Coherence for Development strategy which the EU has played a leading role, advocating leaders and thinkers from the worlds of politics, strategy. And we are already helping over 30 we are seeking to give vent to development aims a framework that puts the world on track towards NGOs, civil society and business converge every partner countries fight climate change through the in non-development policies. As a result we are poverty eradication and sustainable development. year to exchange experiences and develop new ideas Commission’s Global Climate Change Alliance. pursuing green growth and undertaking thorough around the development issues that matter most to reforms to our common agricultural, trade We are confident that a limited and ambitious set them and to the people worldwide who most need I am very proud of the lead Europe has taken and fisheries policies to name a few, to benefit of new goals and targets, for every country in the our help. I am grateful to all leaders from Member on climate change during the lifetime of my consumers at home and trading partners abroad. world, is the right way forward, both to eradicate States and partner countries who have accepted my Commission. As I pointed out at the EDDs in As many EDDs speakers have said over the years, poverty and to boost sustainable development. invitation to contribute to our forum. 2009, we were the first to unilaterally cut our own all policies must be linked. These goals should establish a floor under which emissions of greenhouse gases. We were also the no man, woman or child should fall by 2030. They And yet the EDDs are so much more than a talking first to promise even more substantial cuts needed And in our development cooperation, the Agenda should address not only quantitative targets, but shop. They are a true partnership in which everyone as part of an overall deal. And we were the first for Change we introduced in 2011 to deliver higher also qualitative ones such as standards in education, has a voice. They have fed into initiatives that have to set out credible funding arrangements to help impact and better results from our development nutrition, access to clean water and air. helped change the development landscape and mitigation and adaptation in developing countries. cooperation is even now transforming for good the brought us together around global development way in which we provide aid and fight poverty on We strongly believe that in a post-2015 era, poverty challenges in a global development partnership that On climate change as with so many other the ground. It has truly brought our development eradication and sustainable development cannot will take us ever closer towards our shared aim of development issues, the European Development partnerships into the 21st century. be considered as two separate things. They are a poverty-free, sustainable world in which everyone Days have given a voice to those who are rarely really two sides of the same coin – poverty cannot has the same chance at a decent life. A world in heard; those who produce carbon emissions And it will take us forward as we look to help be eradicated if we do not tackle the challenges which we can truly state that solidarity, freedom and the least and yet suffer the most from the real the international community shape a new global posed by global environmental degradation at the fairness are not a pipe dream but a living reality for impacts of climate change. They have included development agenda and agree on a new global same time. For this reason, I decided that the work each and every one of us. Inuit people from Canada and Greenland, whose climate treaty in 2015. towards an EU approach on the post-2015 agenda very way of life is threatened by melting icecaps; The various discussions in which we have engaged should be co-led by the Commission's environment the prime minister of the small island state of at various editions of the EDDs have proven and development cooperation services. It is an Vanuatu and the President of the Federated States prescient, not least with regard to the global debate example, I am glad to say, that our Member States of Micronesia, whose countries may entirely on a post-2015 framework, in which sustainable have followed.

8 9 Innovative ideas can have a lasting impact on the way the development community works, opening people up to new realities and new ways of understanding challenges. Aimed at anticipating future trends, European Development Days has served as a sounding board for global thought leadership.

At every level, participants, moderators and panellists from all corners of the world can participate, put forward their ideas, and examine creative solutions to shared problems. As such, the forum provides a unique networking and brainstorming platform for the development community, by inviting participants Ideas to form new relationships and share best practices.

10 11 Food & energy

‘Every six seconds The successive crises of the first decade a child dies of malnutrition. of the twenty-first century have put Over 1 billion people vulnerabilities in the agriculture and will go to bed hungry tonight.’ energy sectors under the spotlight. ‘The first responsibility 22 October 2009 is to the people. Otive Igbuzor More than 1.3 billion people in the world They must be fed. Head, International Campaigns, ‘Unless we take additional measures, do not have access to electricity and You cannot govern ActionAid International hunger will remain the major global 2.7 billion rely on traditional biomass for over dead bodies.’ challenge – the world’s Achilles Heel.’ cooking. This is why the European Union 16 November 2008 is championing access to sustainable 16 October 2012 energy for all. Morgan Tsvangirai Demetris Christofias President, Movement for Democratic Change, President of the Republic of Cyprus Zimbabwe Recent and recurrent crises have affected 31 million people in the Horn of Africa and the Sahel region of Africa. Recent initiatives seek to break the vicious cycle of drought, hunger and poverty in crisis-prone areas through sustained coordination between humanitarian and development assistance.

Worldwide, the poorest are those most directly dependent on natural resources for their daily survival. The European Commission has made the protection and sustainable management of natural ‘Energy for a country ‘If the food and financial crises resources a key priority in its poverty is like oxygen have taught us anything, reduction policies. for the human body.’ it is to expect the unexpected.’ 7 December 2010 22 October 2009

European Development Days has helped Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete Ernest Bai Koroma develop links between humanitarian President of the Republic President of the Republic ‘Increased food yields do not necessarily mean and development communities and of Tanzania of Sierra Leone a decrease in hunger; they just mean more food. build consensus on how to boost the Who is going to get access to that food is a resilience of those affected by disasters. different issue.’ 17 October 2012

Justin Kilcullen Director, Trócaire

12 - Ideas 13 Human Development

Ill health is both a cause and effect ‘Despite increased commitment to tackling AIDS of poverty. In a vicious cycle, poverty ‘Human beings must be over 5 million people living with HIV ‘According to Interpol, 65 000 people generates ill health, and poor health, at the centre of development. who desperately need treatment died as a result of terrorism in turn, brings more poverty. They must be able to still do not have access to life saving drugs. over the past 40 years. make their own decisions.’ For every two people who do start treatment, This year, 200 000 people died 6 December 2010 As a result, the EU is taking action another five become infected.’ from the trade in fake medicine.’ in healthcare as well as in other Yves Leterme 22 October 2009 7 December 2010 Prime Minister of Belgium sectors such as nutrition, water and Michel Sidibé Mo Ibrahim Executive Director, Founding Chairman, Mo Ibrahim Foundation sanitation. The EU also promotes Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS better information and education for healthier behaviour and road safety.

In the health sector, the EU supports the fight against single pandemics and is focusing on the effective strengthening of healthcare systems in partner countries.

Gender equality is essential for growth and poverty reduction, and it is key to reaching the Millennium Development Goals. However, gender inequalities are still entrenched in many cultural, social and political systems. In the developing world, women suffer ‘You do not get development ‘Women are victims of discrimination ‘Gender equality disproportionately from poverty and without basic infrastructure.’ in every country in the world.’ is good economics.’ its related ills, such as malnutrition, 22 October 2009 23 October 2009 6 December 2012 poor health and illiteracy. Helen Clark Fredrik Reinfeldt Kristalina Georgieva Administrator, United Nations Prime Minister of Sweden EU Commissioner for International Development Programme Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and The EU promotes internationally Crisis Response recognised principles such as the Millennium Development Declaration and the Beijing Platform for Action.

14 - Ideas 15 SOCIAL PROTECTION

‘We need to see more innovation in the relationship between Just as important as health and gender governments and the private sector.' equality, employment and social 22 October 2009 protection are essential pillars for ‘The social dimension Mary Robinson the strengthening of democracy and Former President of Ireland of the economy is close to my heart the achievement of the Millennium President, Ethical Globalization Initiative because if development can support Development Goals. ‘Inequality is not just morally repugnant; Vice-President, Club of Madrid and consolidate democracy, it is bad for social and economic progress.’ there can be no political stability, 27 November 2013 People need protection against the any stability whatsoever, without social justice.’ risks and shocks that can drive them Winnie Byanyima Executive Director, Oxfam International 16 october 2012 into poverty. Social protection enables people to consume, acquire assets and Macky Sall President of the Republic of Senegal make investments

Stable employment and better jobs can lift individuals and households out of poverty. Strengthening employment policies, providing efficient technical education and vocational training and improving social protection systems are high priorities at both European Union and international levels. ‘Poverty eradication must remain ‘The redistribution of wealth our greatest priority in the coming years. tends to suggest a passive approach. Direct focus has to be placed on But as far as we are concerned, the working poor and underemployment. it is about empowering people to play a We must ensure that governments develop part in combating poverty through work. social protection frameworks to combat You can only redistribute what you have, the various dimensions of poverty and inequality.’ so we need to create work.’ ‘Find how you can do things in a business way, 26 November 2013 16 October 2012 not for making personal money but to solve problems in a sustainable way. Portia Simpson Miller Armando Guebuza That’s what we call social business.’ Prime Minister of Jamaica President of the Republic of Mozambique 24 October 2009

Muhammad Yunus 2006 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Founding Managing Director, Grameen Bank

16 - Ideas 17 democracy

‘The kind of judicial system needed in Mauritania is one that is independent of power and corruption, ‘It is a triumph for democracy Human rights, democracy and other free from the influence of individuals that the current legislature is [...] key elements of good governance are and interest groups, and feared and respected the most difficult the government a top priority for cooperation between by society for its integrity.’ has ever had to face.’ the European Union and its partner 17 November 2006 countries worldwide. They are integral 17 November 2006 ‘Democracy shall not be sustainable Amadou Toumani Touré Ely Mohammed Vall to effective work on poverty alleviation without accountability. President of the Republic of Mali President of the Republic of Mauritania and conflict prevention and resolution, 15 December 2011 not to mention valuable bulwarks Lech Wałęsa against terrorism. 1983 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Former President of Poland, ‘You can only have effective Poverty reduction cannot be achieved Founder, Solidarność democracy when without a government able to serve the institutions are strong.’ the public interest effectively by 15 December 2011 being accountable to its citizens and respecting the rule of law. The European Gary Conille Prime Minister of Haiti Union’s approach to governance takes into account its political, economic, social, cultural and environmental dimensions.

European Development Days has been a regular opportunity to reaffirm the contribution made by public freedoms and democracy to a prosperous and equitable economy. The forum has also given a platform to freedom fighters ‘Democracy requires more than elections, ‘People need institutions from around the world. it also requires institutions.’ and institutions need 23 October 2009 democratic procedures. Amr Moussa Parliament is the most Secretary-General, League of Arab States important institution in ‘The challenge remains to strengthen every democratic system.' political party capacity and political culture. 23 October 2009 The EU should do an assessment Jerzy Buzek of how to effectively support President of the European Parliament political capacity building.’ 16 December 2011

Mohammed Ouzzine Secretary of State, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Morocco

18 - Ideas 19 democracy

‘We have the longest experience of democracy in Asia, but the majority of people live in grinding poverty. ‘Democracy that is imposed from outside It is time to demonstrate that implies that the new government ‘In the long run, neither policy reforms poverty is not a function of democracy.’ is ultimately accountable to 17 October 2012 nor investment in infrastructure the external source of change. nor human development Jejomar Binay Accountability to external forces rather than citizens by themselves will deliver results Vice-President of the Republic of the Philippines would be contrary to the central tenets of democracy.’ without transparent and 17 November 2006 accountable government.’ 15 November 2006 Meles Zenawi Prime Minister of Ethiopi Paul Wolfowitz President of the World Bank Group

‘Democracy cannot survive without development. Democracy needs roads, it needs schools, ‘The shift in the development discourse ‘The question about it needs hospitals, confirms that good governance when to introduce democracy it needs jobs, can only come from within, to a country is paternalistic. it needs prosperity.’ ‘Without accountability, human rights, with the partners from the outside We need to empower people 15 November 2006 and democracy in recipient countries, encouraging home-grown processes.’ so they can do it themselves.’ taxpayers in donor countries Mark Malloch Brown 17 November 2006 15 December 2011 will not support development aid.’ United Nations Deputy Secretary-General Paul Kagame Heidi Hautala 23 October 2009 President of the Republic of Rwanda Minister for International Development, Gunilla Carlsson Finland Minister for International Development Cooperation, Sweden

20 - Ideas 21 democracy

‘If one wants to promote good governance and democracy, one needs people that are able to access the information that enables them to do that.’ 23 October 2009 ‘Nothing in the 21st century ‘If the world changes, ‘We will ultimately fail, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf 2011 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate is more fragile it is because citizens if we do nothing President of the Republic of Liberia than a dictatorship.’ are engaged and aware.’ to stop the tide of corruption.’ 15 December 2011 23 October 2009 15 December 2011

Mikheil Saakashvili Eva Joly Akere Muna President of the Republic of Georgia Chair, Committee on Development, Vice-Chair, International Board of Directors, European Parliament Transparency International

‘There is no doubt that free media and civil society enhances ‘You need three things to keep accountability and transparency.’ public-private partnerships 17 November 2006 operational and efficient:

Absalom Themba Dlamini strong and capable local government; Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Swaziland ‘We have changed our country a responsible private sector [...] to parliamentary democracy. ‘Unless citizens insist and a vibrant civil society. We have, however, a scarcity of political information. that promises are kept, Everyone knows it’s dangerous to leave We need to learn [...] about the development politicians feel very lonely.’ government and business alone in a room.’ of political parties, NGOs, mass media, etc.’ 22 October 2009 17 October 2012 15 December 2011 Huguette Labelle David Melua RoZa Isakovna Otunbaeva Chair, Board of Directors, Secretary General, National Association of Local Former President of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan Transparency International Authorities, Georgia

22 - Ideas 23 Security & Fragility

‘Good governance is the most effective way ‘Hungry billions are not only to ensure our development, restore our stability, a moral disgrace. No sustainable development is possible and prevent our country from plunging Underdevelopment is a global problem in a country threatened by internal into chaos and violence.’ threatening us all.‘ insecurity, crisis and conflicts. At the 17 November 2006 24 October 2009 same time, there cannot be sustainable ‘There is no way in which we are going peace without development. Moreover, Ahmad Kabbah Karel De Gucht to be able to win wars agains terror President of the Republic of Sierra Leone European Commissioner for Development insecurity, crisis and conflicts can as long as there are conditions and Humanitarian Aid impede the efficient use of aid. Peace in so many parts of the world and security are now widely understood that make people feel desperate.’ as prerequisites for development progress. 17 November 2006 ‘Many countries spiral in and out of conflict so we In Europe and other developed Desmond Tutu 1984 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate need to address today’s countries, we take it for granted that the Archbishop Emeritus of Cape Town disputes and injustices.’ state will be there to ensure our security, 17 October 2012 uphold the rule of law, and provide us with a whole range of services, from Nancy Lindborg Assistant Administrator, United collecting rubbish and building roads to States Agency for International providing education and social security. Development But there are places in the world where the state cannot or does not manage to perform its core tasks.

Tackling the causes of conflict and fragility has become a priority of the international community as it looks to develop a new framework ‘Burundi has learned lessons for a post-2015 – and increasingly ‘Current developments in the sub-Saharan Sahel from its history and is convinced interconnected – world. European show how important it is to consider security that dialogue and co-operation are Development Days has pioneered when we consider development. the only paths to democracy, debates on development solutions to Security must be a pillar of development. reconciliation, and lasting peace.’ security threats including piracy, drug 'We must rebuild capable states 26 November 2013 17 November 2006 trafficking or terrorism. that [...] can defend their sovereignty Mahamadou Issoufou Pierre Nkurunziza without threatening the stability of their partners; President of the Republic of Niger President of the Republic of Burundi states where power is exercised not to the benefit of the few, but to meet the aspirations of the entire population.' 15 November 2006

Guy Verhofstadt Prime Minister of Belgium

24 - Ideas 25 Climate change

Climate change is the greatest challenge to our planet and it threatens to undo years of progress in development. ‘In Africa, where economies are based ‘When our endangered planet sinks With extreme weather events on the largely on agriculture, climate change as a result of climate change, increase, Europe is going ahead with has brought about profound changes we will all go under. its unconditional commitment to cut ‘You will not have in agricultural systems, sparking serious There will be no distinction between greenhouse gases emissions by the development and growth failures in food safety and therefore developed and developing countries. 20 % below 1990 levels, while the 2020 you want to see in the 21st century dramatic population movements in [...] We must hold each other’s Strategy for Sustainable and Inclusive unless you fight climate change.’ search of better conditions life.’ hands and work together.’ Growth also demonstrates the role of 27 November 2013 7 November 2007 24 October 2009 tackling climate change in creating jobs Connie Hedegaard José Socrates Raila Odinga and boosting energy security. EU Commissioner for Climate Action Prime Minister of Portugal Prime Minister of Kenya

Furthermore, ensuring access to renewable energy sources and clean technologies, the protection of forest and biodiversity, and fighting desertification will remain core elements of the European Union’s development assistance towards a sustainable, climate resilient, low emission development path.

European Development Days has been an occasion both to reiterate the position of the European Union on climate change, and to give voice ‘Failing to address climate change to the leaders of nations whose most will produce instability vulnerable are bearing the costs of ‘Countries in Africa around the world. inaction. ‘While the economic crisis are simultaneously experiencing A large number of failed states is a crisis of a generation, draughts and floods. will emerge – an outcome climate change is a If solutions are not found, the world cannot accept once-in-a-millennium crisis.’ destabilising migration will continue.’ and must prevent.’ 24 October 2009 7 November 2007 22 October 2009

Carl Bildt Maria Mutagamba Rajendra K. Pachauri Minister of Foreign Affairs, Sweden Minister of Water and Environment, Uganda Chair, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

26 - Ideas 27 Climate change

‘Micronesia is on the verge of drowning. ‘Because of the global nature of the problem, Climate change threatens our very existence. people can no longer leave climate change The small island states cannot to nation-state governments that seek address climate change alone.’ to protect national interests only, but must 24 October 2009 assert themselves as citizens of the planet. Emanuel Manny Mori ‘We cannot meet the challenges Individuals and civil society must take ‘The shift towards a global President of the Federated States of Micronesia of climate change alone. [...] responsibility. We must look at our own low-carbon society throws up We need funding that is timely carbon footprints.’ huge economic opportunities.’ and accessible.’ 7 November 2007 24 October 2009 22 October 2009 Saleemul Huq Margot Wallström Edward Natapei Director, International Institute Vice-President, European Commission Prime Minister of Vanuatu for Environment and Development

‘The Maldives will raise the issue of the human dimension ‘New technologies and clean energy of climate change will result in new jobs, new inventions –that environmental protection and other complementary production techniques is a fundamental human right.’ that will lead to greater prosperity. 7 November 2007 This may be difficult to measure, but do not underestimate ‘It would be very irresponsible ‘Time is of supreme importance Maumoon Abdul Gayoom the optimistic upside of all of this.’ for our generation not to act.’ President of the Republic of The Maldives in facing climate change. 7 November 2007 22 October 2009 Delay would only increase the cost of adaptation and mitigation.’ Kemal Dervis Mario Molina 24 October 2009 Administrator, United Nations 1995 Nobel Chemistry Prize Laureate Founder, Development Programme Centro Molina Sheikh Hasina Prime Minister of Bangladesh

28 - Ideas 29 Policy coherence ‘I urge the EU, please do not have trade relations or conduct shameful trade deals with non-democratic countries, as this does nothing but help To accelerate progress towards these evil regimes to further achieving the Millennium Development suppress their people.’ ‘Current consumption patterns Goals, the European Union also 15 December 2011 ‘It is not enough considers how non-aid policies can assist are not sustainable, but who is ready to get out of the comfort zone?’ to concentrate all our efforts Shirin Ebadi developing countries in eradicating 2003 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate 08 November 2007 in the producer counties. ‘In engaging with our partners, poverty. Founding President People who benefit from we call for [...] economic Anna Tibaijuka Centre for the Defence of Human Rights proceeds of conflict diamonds partnerships and trade Since the European Consensus on United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) are also party to the agreements that do not Development was agreed in 2005 and violation of human rights.’ undermine Africa’s quest even more so since the ratification 17 November 2006 for integration and of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009, the industrialisation.’ European Union is compelled to Festus Mogae President of the Republic of Botswana 26 November 2013 minimise contradictions from and to seek synergies with its domestic Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma Chairperson, Commission of the policies when they have an impact on African Union developing countries.

Policy coherence for development has become an overarching objective of the European Union.

European Development Days has hosted discussions on each of the reports assessing progress in the field of policy ‘We are living in danger of the ‘The process of reform coherence in 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2013. consequences of a climate change is particularly challenging that we did not cause. in countries like mine On trade, the forum has led debates on These problems are the direct that are exposed to how to ensure a development-friendly consequence of the lifestyle the escalating energy vulnerabilities and sustainable outcome for the Doha of the developed world. of being a small island state. Development Agenda and the Economic Paradoxically, we are being called on In this transition period, ‘With regard to market access, most African exports Partnership Agreements with African, to imitate the lifestyle we look towards aid for trade as vital already enter the EU market at zero tariff duty. Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP). of production and consumption to enabling us to graduate from We are not asking the same of the African regions prevalent in developed countries.’ preference-dependent economies but we are supporting the creation of regional markets 22 October 2009 to fully competitive ones.’ through elimination of intra-regional tariff barriers.’ 17 November 2006 15 November 2006 Abdou Diouf Secretary-General, Organisation internationale Navinchandra Ramgoolam Peter Mandelson de la Francophonie Prime Minister of Mauritius European Commissioner for External Trade

30 - Ideas 31 cooperation

The European Union as a whole is the most generous donor of official ‘The relationship between Africa ‘Development is the state’s responsibility. development aid worldwide. In 2010, and the EU has evolved from We need strong leadership and ownership.’ it provided over EUR 53 billion – more cooperation to a strategic partnership based on an equal relationship 7 December 2010 than 50 % of global aid. The European and an inclusive process.’ Commission is responsible for the Madhav Kumar Nepal 23 October 2009 Prime Minister of Nepal management of EUR 11 billion of aid ALPHA OUMAR KONARÉ per year, putting it in second place Former Chairperson of the Commission among donors globally. of the African Union

Increasing the effectiveness of aid means ensuring that aid helps developing countries to improve the welfare of their poorest populations. For this reason, aid must be genuinely focused on development priorities set by these countries.

Developing countries bear the primary responsibility for their own development, but the EU accepts its share of responsibility and ‘The bleak situation we see today accountability for the joint efforts is due to insufficient involvement undertaken in partnership. ‘Co-operation is often marked by friendships, of Africans themselves, ‘It is up to Africans, and even complicity, but also by questioning as well as payment procedures African leaders first and foremost, International cooperation is also a when the circumstances demand that are too long and complex to achieve development in Africa. constantly expanding and evolving – and that also is friendship.’ and often incompatible Nevertheless, in order to achieve field, and new actors are emerging. 17 November 2006 with the urgency of development, Africa requires Future EU development aid spending the problems being addressed.’ strong partnerships.’ François Bozizé 17 November 2006 26 November 2013 will target countries that are in President of the Central African Republic greatest need of external support and Mamadou Tandja José Maria Pereira Neves where it can really make a difference, President of the Republic of Niger Prime Minister of Cape Verde including fragile states.

32 - Ideas 33 cooperation

‘We are in a new global landscape, with mass communication, migration and urbanisation, ‘In a constantly changing world, and youth unemployment. ‘Poland has been a beneficiary of aid. […] […] Europe must also evolve So we must involve everybody. Today we are an active donor. […] in its approach and maintain No one can do everything, We are always ready to share its rightful place by our side but everyone can do something.’ our experience and counsel.’ in a spirit of solidarity.’ 27 November 2013 15 December 2011 17 October 2012

Jan Eliasson Bronisław Komorowski Ali Bongo Odimba Deputy Secretary- President of the Republic of Poland President of the Republic of Gabon General of the United Nations

‘It is important to understand that the crisis the world is in is not simply a financial crisis. It is an economic crisis, ‘South-South versus North-South as well as a food, water, migration, cooperation is not an either-or option. security and resource crisis. South-South cooperation is an addition We have a multi-polar crisis to traditional North-South cooperation, that cannot be resolved capable of bringing added value until all stakeholders to international partnerships.’ are around the table.’ 15 December 2011 16 November 2008 Mohamed Ibn Chambas Donald Kaberuka Secretary-General, Secretariat of the African, Caribbean President, African Development Bank and Pacific Group of States

34 - Ideas 35 Global Governance

‘When developing answers to a crisis that has become global, there is a The commitment to effective need for global solutions. So everyone multilateralism, with the United Nations has to take part in finding solutions. at its core, is a central element of the ‘This is not 1944, but 2008. When the Bretton Woods system was European Union’s external policy. This ‘If we are prepared to delegate I don’t know how many the set up in 1945, we were colonies. commitment is rooted in the conviction powers to the market, G-whatever will add up to, We were not there. Today we are. that to be able to respond to global why not delegate but I do know that it will be And we think that the others must not act crises, challenges and threats, the a little of our sovereignty a much bigger G [...] as if we were not there, international community needs an to global governance?’ with the voice of Africa.’ as if we were still colonies.’ efficient multilateral system, founded 9 November 2007 16 November 2008 16 November 2008 on universal rules and values. Valentine Sendanyoye Rugwabiza Wangari Maathai Jean Ping Deputy Director-General, 2004 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Chairperson, Commission of the African Union European Development Days has been World Trade Organization Founder, Green Belt Movement a landmark on the international calendar, providing a sounding board for world leaders to address our planet’s most challenging issues – including the response to the food, energy, climate and economic crises or the reshaping of the institutional set up of global governance.

‘The United Nations model ‘We need to look at the participation of where only Member States African leaders at international meetings. ‘In a global world, talk to Member States without You can’t talk about Africa in the UN, good governance cannot be including the private sector the International Monetary Fund confined to national action.’ is no longer the model or the World Bank without 17 November 2006 we need in the 21st century.’ Africa being present.’ 16 November 2008 17 December 2012 Blaise Compaoré President of the Republic of Burkina Faso Michel Kazatchkine Joyce Banda Executive Director, President of the Republic of Malawi Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria

36 - Ideas 37 Lorium ipsum: lorium ipsum dolorium

Louis Michel European Commissioner for Development and Humanitarian Aid

Lorium ipsum Ne none lab imolupicaes int, incipsus et iuntiis sedis eicid moluptatem lit, consequ ianditatem aut Ende nulparitat ulparum remped es ea doluptatem millent laut eum harcit ut dunt fugiam, volor sa que soloreium rehenist dolupta tesequis dolo dolori delitatur sim doloreh endunt, il incto bea exeribuscium harumque dit, earchillor simagnati et et officate vel eos suntur rempor si si to dolores dolupta nonestium quo venditat voluptat renditasit etur serspisciis si res voluptum re occus et omnimus et lab ius, ne ium eum qui suntiant estrum aut magnati ut restia imentus sequi illabor eprovitamusa voluptatur, quis con ne cus, sant dolum enduntias soluptatium quatur sitatet et alitio est eum volupta nobis auda simin ra cus. quam aut optatio nsequias qui ut explitasint faccatur, Aquas sum init, cus, es iumqui officaeperit officitatus nimusandipsa quassi utatur? Nulluptiis suntemp re et es cumqui cusandu ciminimolent lautem harios oritiur, offic tem iumquisquia dellest, sum hitatqu eatempor aceat id quam quiae. Ut eribus, que estiis aerfero int. a sitiantion consequas dolecto dolum repro con num Caborae nonseritius evelignatem. Andant excessi audicii ssimpore comnisciis sanienis molorit iumqui magnat apit es dolest ut auta voluptatatem reperem con nonsecto bernam ex eicipsum reped ullecus si blanis que dolorib ustrum eum etur aut officid quam et fuga. Ab in corera nam adia cusam, quiam quaecta sperumquidus exceatur autaepere nia a et adi beat. doloren dignitis et omni di dolupiendam ipsam, Hicaborita volorent mo officipsam es eaquiam odiciendi cusam, sitiunt iosant eum natis re volorit rent que nam facea solores dionseq uidestiae culluptatis eaque liquis re natior sectatibus dolorum solorendunt repe voloribus aut audisquiat andis quia quia dunte eiumque plabo. Tem commosantios ipicae perunt. dolo blam, acea susae offictes dolut aut omnim Apernat estorem non poratquat volorer ereperro hilis dolecabora nisquos repudit facearum, que odio. Hitiumquas accus nihillorem vent. porumEvenime volori officia is expelle ndebit

38 39 quiatas delis eum sunt eseria velit erersped enissum as et quianim quunt. evenectas apid mi, net modipsuntur, quiam, nosam eriatentur? quid qui illuptati conessi tataerunt quia con net Henima volent voles et elias nam arcipsa epudignat quam doluptatur sequae. Iquo tore et quatia Henditem am essimil idus, evelesc iatate licto autatur alibus. rerio. Nam facit, solupit pratur sum reped explabo. volenienim et dolenis cus ex eiuntotaspe qui corero occabore perchit autem quis eos evellor erspere Cepres comnisquia dolupta videlec uptati coribus Ut qui omnis unt de molupta dus aliam sam te sequid ute ea nihil essitata quam cus. rnatint apis exeruntem autecaborem quas delecat et inient ea que dolupta tecabo. Et lab im harchitat hit, alitati ide nusdam sam il eos plis dem ea ium Ur sinum aut ut arit labo. Harcil molum sin escid iusdam corum lam, test, venimenis aut landunt odit vendior alignat emperibearia aut auditae aturi velisci am reium fuga. 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Sunt occae cus ut Exces dipsaperum quas si blant ipsant. landeni atiore volo odi repelent. essum arum vid mi, omnimo occus re velent aut ad apis es dolupta tiuntur, ute volorporro moluptasped Fuga. Itatem et pedis doloremporro doluptat estio Agnatia nihicae caepelit, omnisin exceaqu asimin earum harupiet mossinvel istia quis simoles tiuntes quam fuga. Sed quis voloria nulparcietus maximinte isciat reritiam, apedici moditi ut qui aceribeati tem ex ea quam, nimil iust eumetur, tem. Et abore cum tiantor aut fugiam nobit ariaturio velia sit eum lam voluptam non rem ea autem imaiorem et fuga. Ut rem voloratus expelit atiisqu amuscitatur, andi cor sincius dandandicit estorunt ullabore debistem idebitiust eumquo occae est, sam et quatem quuntur adios magnist ibusame nimilita numque volupta sequat am qui blam, veniten tibearum fuga. Itatur lit uta vendi ut parum, quidicatur sim consequ rem lit fugit quam, ium restrumendae laut quia cus. temolor estiant omnias dicabo. 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40 41 Atur? Borpos es quamus parum es de natem deles dis alitium idenimus rem quam, ulluptas et mil dolendanto cus conecabore non nonsequat. dolupis sequis modi omnis dit ex erionsenim sam voluptatumet qui ut eum esere es ipsunt, corepe maximo beaquae peleserspe latibusa iunt ressum aut Reium corercim es eveleni endionseque nos utempor fugit vit quoditat laceptatur apiet aspelesequae velessimus, occus aboreiu ntioria soluptas maximen adis ulpa sae pe volorum et etus minum dolendae eserciis eaquiscipsum dolorae vereius est, vitist, restia consequid et volupta dellab inciuntorere dandae num natur, to doluptaes diam hil mi, volest, quaeris sequaspe pa soluptatis aut et hita iliquia audae sit rempor sitio idiciis delit et et rest, conet qui nonemolupid quamendam res aliqui dolore vit et que nulluptature es doluptur? Arit quati delit, quis nos re peribusam ad eos doluptatquo eatiunt cullabo. Ut qui dolupta enis pe cumquatur? 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Nus simincit odia commodi qui ius et molupient ese descipi descimo luptiis volorum, sum alicae eaquis et dolumquo omni mo maion porecum hit re vent eum quas aliqui

42 43

Organised by the European Commission, European Development Days is Europe’s premier forum on international affairs and development cooperation. Over the years, it has been one of the fastest-growing international forums and has become a landmark fixture in the development calendar.

Launched in 2006, its scope and scale have increased year-on-year, as links with new networks are made, relationships with new partners forged, and new platforms created. Each year, the forum has brought together thousands of stakeholders for discussions, meetings, best practice exchanges and networking Editions opportunities.

44 45 2006 15-17 November, Brussels

15 November 2006. From the start, European Development Days has attracted influential leaders from around the world. Eight heads of state and government came together for the first-day high-level sessions with European Commission President José Manuel Barroso, Belgian Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt and World Bank Group President.

46 47 The first edition of European Development Days (EDD06) in Brussels brought together a broad cross-section of stakeholders to debate governance in Africa, following the introduction of ‘incentive mechanisms’ in the European Union’s support programmes.

The forum allowed the EU to discuss with African partners its approach of linking aid increases to political and economic reforms. This policy stands in contrast to China’s ‘no questions asked’ approach, which the Chinese codified in a new agreement to increase Theme economic cooperation with Africa just In the eyes of the EU, good governance is an imperative – days before the forum. applying both to partner countries and donors alike. Good governance involves participatory, transparent and accountable EDD06 laid the foundations for what leadership. It is also effective and equitable whilst promoting has become an annual fixture on the rule of law. the development calendar. In 10 roundtables, participants discussed the full range of governance challenges, including: the fight against corruption, the voice of civil society, the role of the media, building a culture of democracy, social rights, the protection of vulnerable groups, the rehabilitation of the state, migration, natural resource management and new paradigms shaping cooperation. Another roundtable brought together six former African presidents who shared their views on how to transfer power peacefully.

In the final plenary session, 16 African leaders including Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni and Rwandan President Paul Kagamé, presented their strategies to improve governance in their countries. They agreed on the importance of engaging civil society, ensuring sustainable growth and providing equitable benefits for citizens.

16 November 2006. Peter Mandelson, European Commissioner for Trade, greets Amadou Toumani Touré, President of Mali. Economic Partnership Agreements were at the centre of many bilateral talks 2 723 127 120 53 17 58 during the forum. Economic Partnership Agreements are trade and participants countries speakers bilaterals sessions exhibitors development agreements negotiated between the EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific regions engaged in a regional economic integration process.

48 - Editions ‘Today, we are starting to cooperate as partners and neighbours. This is where our shared future lies: in a new strategic alliance between the European Union and Africa.’ 15 November 2006

José Manuel Barroso President of the European Commission

Outcome

The first edition produced two important outcomes. ‘You triumphed because you invested in democracy, freedom and peace because First, it demonstrated to Europeans the need for an annual development and prosperity require peace and gathering of development actors to discuss major issues in international cooperation in an open, multi-stakeholder format. good governance. You showed near-zero tolerance It reinforced the principles of the European Consensus on of corruption. You upheld the fundamental rights Development (2005) and illustrated a shared desire for greater of all, the freedom of expression, of association, aid effectiveness. The diversity of the forum allowed participants the freedom of movement. You helped to to address contemporary challenges without the paternalism establish the rule of law. You had accountable and and distrust that has stalled progress in the past. transparent governance. A vibrant and free press. Second, the partnership that developed between Europe And you had an engaged and lively civil society, and Africa became a great source of satisfaction and pride. vigilant watchdogs; for they say the price of It showed mutual readiness to embark on a more constructive freedom is eternal vigilance.’ and balanced partnership based on open and frank dialogue. 17 November 2006 In that spirit, as European Commission President José Manuel Barroso explained, EDD06 paved the way for the 2007 EU-Africa DESMOND TUTU Summit in Lisbon, Portugal. This gathering had not taken place 1984 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate since its first edition in Cairo, Egypt in 2000. Archbishop Emeritus of Cape Town

17 November 2006. Louis Michel, European Commissioner for Development and Humanitarian Aid, welcomes Marc Ravalomanana, President of Madagascar to the first edition of the European Development Days.

51 'It is not the impossible that brings despair, ‘The only way we will ever be safe and but the possible unattained.’ 17 November 2006 secure is together. The only way we can

THOMAS YAYI BONI hope to be prosperous, ultimately, President of the Republic of Benin is together.’

Memorable

The 1984 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Archbishop Emeritus in the consensus of his community. It is a gross untruth to Desmond Tutu delivered an eloquent closing address that suggest that democracy is alien to Africa.’ After reminding became one of the most memorable moments of EDD06. Africans of their great historical figures, their successes and His words still resonate in the hearts and minds of those who progress, Tutu invited the continent to move forward with attended, and his message struck a chord: Africans themselves confidence and in a spirit of solidarity. need to drive the change they are seeking. Change must come from within. The Archbishop presented two powerful arguments. Second, he emphasised the legacy of Ubuntu, a southern African philosophy. ‘The gift we can give the world is our First, he reminded participants that Africa has a long, but little concept of Ubuntu, where you say, “My humanity is bound up understood democratic tradition. Many African societies have in your humanity. I need you in order for me to be me. I need been consensus-driven: ‘In African traditional governance you to be you.” Ubuntu teaches that you cannot enjoy your the good ruler was one who sat with his council, for it was a prosperity on your own. 'The only way we will ever be safe and participatory system. He sat and listened. And the good ruler secure is together. The only way we can hope to be prosperous, was he who, at the end, would then be able to sum it all up ultimately, is together.’

17 November 2006. Tutu’s oratory talent prompted a spectrum of emotion amongst participants, from tears to laughter.

52 - Editions 53 2007 7-9 November, Lisbon

7 November 2007. Commission President José Manuel Barroso arrives at Lisbon’s Feira Internacional at the Parque das Nações with former Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan, Prime Minister of Portugal José Socrates and the President of the Maldives Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, on the left.

54 55 The second edition of European 'The Maldives will raise the issue Development Days (EDD07) convened in Lisbon with climate change in of the human dimension of climate developing countries at the top of the change – that environmental agenda. World leaders would soon be gathering in Bali, Indonesia for protection is a fundamental the United Nations Climate Change human right.’ Conference and forum participants were asking whether developing countries could respond and adapt to the climate crisis. Discussions focused on how to respond to the needs of vulnerable developing countries and address the links between climate change, poverty and migration. Theme Climate change is a matter of life and death for many Organised by the European Commission populations in developing countries. The world’s poor will be in cooperation with the Portuguese hit hardest by global warming, yet ironically they emit the least Presidency of the European Union, greenhouse gases. Most – if not all – development efforts over EDD07 initiated a truly open and the past 50 years are at risk of being washed away if the rise in average temperatures cannot be held in check. In 2007, participatory process that has become the figures were already of grave concern: 40 % of coral a hallmark of the forum. Many reefs had disappeared and 1 % of tropical forests were being stakeholders led and hosted sessions destroyed annually. In the next decade, it was estimated that on how climate change could affect crop yields could drop by 50 %. Reports of floods, hurricanes, development and impact the lives fires, heat waves, droughts throughout the world have hit headlines with alarming regularity. of poor, vulnerable people. Structured around four roundtables and two high-level panels, participants at EDD07 discussed the need for stronger partnerships among actors. They discussed the importance of addressing vulnerability and adaptation, growth and mitigation, poverty and urbanisation, as well as the preservation of global public goods. Participants agreed that world leaders must be compelled to act sooner rather than later in the face 7 November 2007. Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the of the immediate and irreversible consequences at stake. Republic of The Maldives, spoke at the opening ceremony. He witnessed the dramatic situation in his country: 'Earlier this year, the Maldives experienced tidal surges on nearly 80 islands. Never in our documented history have so many islands been simultaneously flooded over and to such an extent.’ 2 170 100 117 15 26 90 participants countries speakers bilaterals sessions exhibitors

56 - Editions ‘We are all bound together ‘Climate change is the greatest challenge of our generation. Developed countries have a special responsibility to take the lead in cutting emissions as human beings. If we remain and pushing a comprehensive, global agreement on future climate action, in the UN indifferent to the suffering framework. [...] We are determined to help developing countries to face the impact of climate change on the environment and on human and social development.’ of others, we are only 7 November 2007 depriving ourselves of José Manuel Barroso our own humanity. President of the European Commission We need to act together as humanity, for humanity. And now is the time.’ Outcome

The consensus was that while acting now may be costly, change strategies. The Alliance has been supporting measures the cost of inaction is far greater. to reduce emissions from deforestation, take advantage of the global carbon market and help developing countries to ‘For far too long we have considered climate change as a better prepare for natural disasters. The Commission has also problem for the future. But we must remember that climate supported partner countries in routinely applying prevention, change is an all-encompassing threat. It is not an issue of rich adaptation and mitigation policies. versus poor, of north versus south. It’s a global issue and we are seeing its effects everywhere,’ said Kofi Annan, President of the The European Union brought to the forum two decades of Global Humanitarian Forum on 7 November 2007. In response leadership on climate change and five decades of development to the former Secretary-General’s call, EDD07 heralded a cooperation experience to the discussion. Europe had already process where the EU and developing countries work together taken the lead on climate change by setting a target to reduce against climate change in a strong political partnership that also EU greenhouse emissions by at least 20 % by 2020, with an advances the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). increase to 30 % if global agreement could be found. The EU has consistently pushed the plight of developing countries, During the forum, the European Commission highlighted its recognising that the poorest countries are often the hardest hit. most recent initiative, the Global Climate Change Alliance, The EU also designated the environment as a priority theme in which provides technical expertise to the world’s poorest the EUR 22 billion European Development Fund, which closed countries to integrate their national development and climate in 2013.

7 November 2007. The most memorable moment of EDD07 was the special address by Kofi Annan, former Secretary General of the United Nations and President of the Global Humanitarian Forum. Annan emphasised the immediate, all-encompassing and universal challenge that climate change poses.

59 'Policy coherence for development is a dimension of EU development policy Louis Michel, European Commissioner for Development that will continue to gain considerable momentum in the years to come. and Humanitarian Aid, made an opening statement at the launch of the first progress report on policy coherence It will greatly contribute to increasing the impact of our aid.' for development. 8 November 2007

Louis Michel European Commissioner for Development and Humanitarian Aid

Report Partnership

In addition to climate change, EDD07 addressed policy EDD07 helped foster closer ties between the EU and coherence for development and advanced partnerships with its Portuguese-speaking partner countries, opening up Portuguese-speaking countries. The first progress report on the opportunities for cooperation on development. The European coherence of European domestic policies with its development Commission signed a Memorandum of Understanding objectives was published in 2007 and widely debated at EDD07. (MoU) with both the African Countries of Portuguese Official Language (PALOP) and the Community of Portuguese Speaking The European Consensus on Development detailed the EU’s Countries (CPLP). commitment towards policy coherence in December 2005. Acknowledging that some of its policies could have a significant These groupings include countries that are not geographical impact outside the EU – either contributing to or undermining neighbours but nonetheless have strong cultural links: Angola, its development policy – the Consensus sought to minimise Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé contradictions and build synergies among policies. In 2005, and Príncipe, and Timor-Leste. The MoUs were expected to the EU agreed to apply the policy coherence for development strengthen mutual cooperation, including the sharing of human approach in 12 policy areas, aimed at accelerating progress resources in the health sector, education, trade, investment, towards the MDGs for development. justice and employment.

60 - Editions 2008 15-17 November, Strasbourg

15 November 2008. 2 500 delegates attended the opening ceremony of the third edition of the European Development Days which featured President of Burkina Faso Blaise Compaore, President of Mali Amadou Toumani Touré, Marc Ravalomanana, President of Madagascar, Secretary General of the Organisation internationale de la francophonie Abdou Diouf and President of the Commission of the African Union Jean Ping.

62 63 On 15-17 November 2008, the European Commission organised the third edition of European Development Days (EDD08) in cooperation with the French Presidency of the European Union in Strasbourg.

In parallel with the G-20 Summit, EDD08 gathered six heads of state and government, 40 ministers and 300 elected local leaders. It also included internationally known figures Wangari Maathai, 2004 Nobel Peace Prize laureate; Morgan Tsvangirai, leader of Zimbabwe’s Movement for Democratic Theme Change; Angélique Kidjo, singer and EDD08 took place at the halfway point of the deadline for 'The future is in activist from Benin; and Aminata Traoré, the Millennium Development Goals. Participants stressed Malian essayist and activist. throughout the forum the importance of local action to meet the hands of the the MDGs. This core theme drew much-needed attention to unfaltering union EDD08 was an occasion to address issues of local governance, decentralised cooperation and the role of the local authorities and civil society in development. urgent poverty challenges in light of the Nearly 40 sessions, including workshops, panels and other of those who have food, financial and energy crises at the events, were held with a multi-stakeholder approach. the boldness time. It also highlighted the importance of local action when responding to The message was one of cohesion: meeting the MDGs hinges to believe.' global challenges as demonstrated by on the involvement of every level of society. EDD08 called for a greater role for Europe's local authorities in development action the EU’s new partnerships with local and showed how they too could contribute to governance, and regional authorities in developing democracy, access to essential services – including education countries. and health – and adaptation to climate change.

This focus on the local level was a natural next step for the EU. Earlier in 2008, the Communication, ‘Local Authorities: Actors for Development’ put forward a series of measures recognising the role of local authorities and decentralised cooperation. In 2007, the European Commission began financing development cooperation projects implemented by local and regional authorities through its ‘Non-State Actors – Local Authorities’ programme.

15 November 2008. Bernard Kouchner, Minister of Foreign and 4 500 129 100 50 40 115 European Affairs, took part in the opening ceremony of the participants countries speakers bilaterals sessions exhibitors third edition of the forum on behalf of the French Presidency of the Council of the European Union. He spoke eloquently about engagement for a better future.

64 - Editions ‘The Millennium Development Goals will never be achieved without the participation and active contribution of regional and local authorities.’ 16 November 2008.

Luc Van Den Brande President of the Committee of the Regions

Outcome

EDD08 also sought to provide practical solutions for the Initiated by the French Presidency of the EU and United Cities one billion people suffering from hunger worldwide. This France, and supported by the European Commission, the situation was compounded by strong variability in seed and Charter established standards to improve the effectiveness fertilizer prices. EU Member States used the 2008 forum to of local-level cooperation in partner countries, seeking discuss a rapid response facility to help farmers in developing coherence with existing international initiatives. It recognised countries, which they later formalised with a pledge of the commitments of the Paris Declaration, confirming the EUR 1 billion. This funding aimed to increase agricultural support of signatories for decentralisation, de-concentration, production, improve access to agricultural inputs and services, local democratic governance and support for local authorities. and satisfy the basic food needs of some of the world’s most vulnerable people. Platforma – an initiative to facilitate dialogue between the European institutions responsible for development policies EDD08 stressed that local authorities should adhere to the and local and regional authorities – was also launched at same principles as the international donor community, EDD08. Aimed at further capitalising on the expertise of local including those of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness authorities and ensuring better cooperation, EDD08 also (2005) that had recently been updated in Accra, Ghana (2008). paved the way for the Assises of Decentralised Cooperation, a bi-annual gathering of local and regional authorities led by The European Development Cooperation Charter in Support the Committee of the Regions. Its first edition took place of Local Governance was presented on 16 November 2008. in December 2009.

17 November 2008. A joint press conference held by Morgan Tsvangirai, leader of the Zimbabwean opposition, and Richard Branson, founder and chairman of Virgin Group, was particularly memorable.

‘Once the new government is formed, we will get the business community together to invest in Zimbabwe. [...] There are a number of different areas where we can invest, whether it’s mobile phones, financial services, or the airline industry. We will sit down with the new government and work out how we can help.’

67 16 November 2008. Wangari Maathai, 'For all the wonderful things 2004 Nobel Prize Laureate and Founder of the Green Belt Movement, took part that journalists do and we really in the award ceremony of the Lorenzo know that you risk your life Natali Prize. every day, I want to thank the European Union for establishing this award because too often, we don’t find time enough to say thank you.'

Featured

In parallel with the policy debates, three important ceremonies took place in Strasbourg. On 15 November 2008, the European Commission signed regional strategy agreements with five African, Caribbean and Pacific regions. It signalled the attention the European Union would pay to regional integration within these countries. The budget of the regional strategies under the 10th EDF – covering the period 2008-2013 – totalled EUR 1.6 billion. The European Development Fund (EDF) is the main financial instrument for the EU’s geographic cooperation with African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. Funded by EU Member States’ voluntary contributions, it is an additional resource to the regular Community budget.

On the same day, the Commission awarded the 2008 Lorenzo Natali Grand Prize to Beninese journalist Larisse Houssou for his article on violence in Darfur, Sudan. The award celebrates the work of journalists committed to human rights, democracy and development.

On 16 November 2008, over 100 twinning agreements were signed at EDD08 that have enabled greater cooperation between EU public administrations and partner countries. European Commissioner for Development and Humanitarian Aid Louis Michel said: ‘A large number of European regional and local authorities have already launched development projects with local authorities in developing countries. The results of these experiments are impressive. For a small financial investment, we see proportionally big rewards. We need many more such initiatives.’

68 - Editions 69 2009 22-24 October, Stockolm

24 October 2009. EDD09 served as a sounding board for leaders whose countries are already affected by climate change. From left to right, Ernest Bai Koroma, President of Sierra Leone, Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Raila Odinga, Prime Minister of Kenya and Michèle Pierre-Louis, Prime Minister of Haiti called for urgent action against the impacts of climate change.

70 71 After editions in Brussels, Lisbon ‘We have to rediscover ourselves as and Strasbourg, European Development Days 2009 (EDD09) came to Stockholm. human beings: are we here to make Held on 22-24 October, EDD09 was the money for ourselves and to say flagship event of the Swedish Presidency of the European Union, bringing together goodbye to this world very soon? about 6 000 participants from over Or are we here to change this world 130 countries. The edition also took place at a pivotal time for Europe in a way we feel proud of and we following European parliamentary all individually play a part? All these elections and ahead of major institutional changes with the ratification problems that we list every time we of the Lisbon Treaty. meet don’t have to repeat, because we can solve them ourselves.’ EDD09 engaged the development Theme community in debates around The dual climate and economic crises facing the international the most pressing challenges community were the theme for EDD09. Carl Bildt, Swedish at the time: responding to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, said it best: ‘Our challenge is to global economic crisis, addressing act simultaneously on warming up a deep-frozen economy climate change and promoting and cooling down an overheated Mother Earth.’ Given the importance of governance to solving these challenges, democracy. These discussions fuelled democracy and development was another theme. the subsequent reshaping of EU development policy initiated in 2010 This edition took place 50 days ahead of the United Nations under the second Barroso Commission. Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen. The forum served as a sounding board for countries and communities already affected by climate change. Leaders of partner countries from Bangladesh to Burkina Faso, and from Haiti to Vanuatu shared their views and concerns with internationally renowned experts and stakeholders. The forum provided a rich opportunity to hear from leaders who were trying to forge international consensus ahead of Copenhagen, especially among developing countries.

22 October 2009. Muhammad Yunus, 2006 Nobel Peace Prize 6 000 130 200 102 30 160 Laureate and then Managing Director of the Grameen Bank, participants countries speakers bilaterals sessions exhibitors intervened in the high-level panel on the response to the global economic downturn. A great supporter of social business, he challenged the greed and exclusion in the way wealth was created.

72 - Editions ‘Failing to address ‘Poverty is linked to climate change – the most vulnerable people will be the hardest hit. This has been called our greatest challenge and it is our responsibility to meet climate change will it with determination.’ produce instability 22 October 2009 Fredrik Reinfeldt around the world. Prime Minister of Sweden A large number of failed states will emerge – an outcome the world cannot accept and must prevent’. Outcome

Discussions at EDD09 stimulated the later reshaping of Second, development is not solely a matter of philanthropy. European development policy in 2010. In his closing remarks The ‘hungry billions are not only a moral disgrace’, said Karel De Gucht, European Commissioner for Development and Commissioner De Gucht.‘Underdevelopment is a global Humanitarian Aid, stressed that the ongoing financial, food, problem that threatens us all’. Rajendra K. Pachauri warned that climate and energy crises offered an opportunity to reshape ‘failing to address climate change will produce instability around development aid, bringing development assistance more in line the world. A large number of failed states will emerge – an with a low-carbon development strategy. outcome the world cannot accept and must prevent’.

Rajendra K. Pachauri, Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel Third, we need to shape international cooperation to better on Climate Change, suggested that climate change called address the challenges ahead, not just in the present. This into question every growth and development model. means taking a more proactive approach to trade and He recommended the forum be renamed ‘European infrastructure, climate change, migration, global food security Re-development Days’, because ‘we cannot proceed and energy. Pachauri cautioned against forgetting the ‘missing’ on the path of development as we understand it.’ Millennium Development Goal, namely access to energy, and Participants had three messages for European policymakers reminded participants of the 1.6 billion people with no access in Stockholm. to electricity.

First, effective development in partner countries requires both strong political leadership and responsive politicians. With regard to the latter, accountability can only be ensured through free media and an engaged civil society.

22 October 2009. Rajendra K. Pachauri, Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, warned on the political consequences of climate change and suggested that it called into question every growth and development model.

75 ‘Global poverty is not acceptable. This is indeed the challenge for our civilisation. In the future, people will say, ‘How was it possible that in the beginning of the twenty first century, so many people accepted living with this problem of global poverty?’ 22 October 2009

JOSÉ MANUEL BARROSO President of the European Commission

Report Featured

Addressing fragility has been an increasingly important priority A special event was held to mark the 15th anniversary of within the European development and security agendas. In EU election observation missions and the 10th anniversary 2009, fragility was the theme of the inaugural European Report of Sweden’s activities in this field. A session, led by the on Development – launched at European Development Days – International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, in which it was described as the ‘toughest development was held with regional bodies from the Americas, Africa, Asia, challenge of our era’. and the Arab states. Participants examined how the European Union could best assist international efforts in democracy. The European Report on Development seeks to enhance In a prescient debate two years before the ‘Arab Spring’, the the EU’s perspective on development issues on the basis of role of social media in spurring transparency, democracy and independent knowledge, excellence, innovation and better development, was explored in one panel. links between top academics and policymakers. It is a concrete manifestation of the EU’s commitment – as the world’s largest EDD09 further strengthened the Global Climate Change aid donor – to go beyond aid delivery and actively contribute Alliance (GCCA) launched in 2007. The Prime Minister of to the global policy dialogue on development. The European Vanuatu, Edward Natapei, signed an agreement with the Commission and numerous Member States support the Commission and stressed: ‘We cannot meet the challenges initiative. of climate change alone. The GCCA is necessary and will go a long way to enable Vanuatu to meet the challenges [we face]. We need funding that is timely and accessible.’

The Commission awarded the 2009 Lorenzo Natali Grand Prize to the Chinese journalist Yee-Chong Lee for a TV documentary on the 2008 Sichuan earthquake that revealed the corruption and sub-standard construction of public buildings that many people blamed for the huge death toll. The award celebrates the work of journalists committed to human rights, democracy, and development.

23 October 2009 (check date). At the forum’s development fair, the European Commission presented the first edition of the European Report on Development. It addressed the issue of fragility.

76 - Editions 77 2010 6-7 December, Brussels

6 December 2010. Participants paid tribute to jailed Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo, winner of the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize laureate for his ‘long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights.’ Zimbabwean Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai was among those in the audience who stood up and held a mask displaying the dissident’s face.

78 79 For its fifth edition, European ‘European Development Days is an Development Days 2010 (EDD10) returned to where it began in 2006. On extraordinary platform for bringing 6-7 December, the European Commission together all the protagonists involved organised the forum in cooperation with the Belgian Presidency of the European in development aid to help find Union in Brussels. solutions.’

EDD10 came at a decisive moment in European development policy- making, just weeks before the launch of the European External Action Service in January 2011 and following the publication of a European Commission Green Paper on increasing the impact of Theme development policy in October 2010. The EDD10 engaged the global development community in debates around how best to achieve ‘higher-impact’ aid, Despite the on- going economic crisis in following up on the recommendations in the European 2010, Europe illustrated its commitment Commission’s Green Paper on development policy. The stakes to addressing development challenges. were high: eradicating poverty was a common priority for Europeans and developing country partners alike. The ratification of the Lisbon Treaty had recently created new emphasis on EDD10 took place during a time of intense international poverty eradication, aid effectiveness and debate on development, less than two months after the United policy coherence. Nations High Level Summit on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in New York and a week after the third Africa- EU Summit in Tripoli, Libya. The EUR 1 billion MDG initiative announced by the EU in New York had provided an additional boost to achieving the goals by 2015. The summit in Libya had also instilled new energy into the Joint Africa-EU Strategy, a true partnership between continents that looks beyond aid.

4 500 139 316 78 47 125 6 December 2010. Crown Prince Philippe of Belgium, with Belgian participants countries speakers bilaterals sessions exhibitors Minister for Development Charles Michel, visits the the forum’s professional fair which brought together hundreds of development organisations.

80 - Editions ‘With its billion inhabitants ‘I think European Development Days is for superior to Davos because we do serious work here.’ and its human resources, 7 December 2010

with its mining and energy MO IBRAHIM resources, with its arable Founding Chair of the Mo Ibrahim Foundation land which has not yet been exploited, Africa is in the process of becoming a giant.’

Initiatives

EDD10 provided a platform for the discussion of a number sponsored by the Mo Ibrahim Foundation and led by Paul of important initiatives. Collier, a professor of economics at the University of Oxford, launched a natural resource charter at the forum that sets Following the Cotonou Appeal against counterfeit drugs in conditions for the sound and sustainable management of 2009, the Chirac Foundation organised a one-day seminar on natural resources. the responses to the shadowy and lethal trade in counterfeit drugs. These mislabelled or ill-produced ‘medicines’ can In 2013, the European Union reached a deal to match account for up to 30 % of healthcare products in circulation a US law that compels oil, gas and mining companies to in developing countries, causing pain among patients and publish payments they make to governments and release often resulting in death. information on how much they earn in each country. The EU legislation requires all companies listed on EU stock Participants discussed the massive potential wealth that exchanges to report their payments by country and project. mining mineral resources could produce for Africa over Large unlisted companies registered in the EU are also the next decade, if properly managed. Corruption and lack required to comply. The proposed EU law goes one step of transparency, however, threaten these potential gains. further than the US law, adding the forestry industry to Governments in developing countries lose billions of euros the list of companies that need more transparency about each year because of tax evasion. A group of academics their global operations.

7 December 2010. Jacques Chirac, former President of France, delivered a memorable address. Faithful to his convictions, he reminded a large audience of the untapped potential of the African continent.

83 ‘The secret of this event's success is its unique format: it combines a summit-style gathering of leaders with a forum for debate with NGOs and civil society. It is not just a forum for understanding changes that are already underway. It is also an opportunity to forge and bring about those changes.’ 6 December 2010

JOSÉ MANUEL BARROSO President of the European Commission

Outcome Featured

As the economic crisis was forcing nations to find cost-effective The second edition of the European Report on Development solutions in every domain, Europe’s premier development examined the challenge of building social protection systems platform helped generate exchanges between those working in sub-Saharan Africa and how the EU could best support in the field and decision-makers about the most efficient ways home-grown African initiatives. The report stressed that social to help the estimated 1.4 billion people living in poverty. protection could help sub-Saharan Africa combat poverty by reducing its vulnerability to shocks and promoting inclusive EDD10 thus addressed subjects as sensitive – and broad – as growth. the place of development in the institutional setup prescribed by the Lisbon Treaty, governance, the future of development European Commissioner for Development Andris Piebalgs said: cooperation, access to energy, sustainable and inclusive ‘Social protection is often taken for granted in Europe. In fact, growth, global health, the management of natural resources, it has played an important historic role in eradicating poverty in support to the private sector, the effectiveness of aid, and Europe and, if well designed and managed, building on Africa’s human rights. own priorities and specificities, it could deliver similar success in Africa.’ Participants agreed that two essential prerequisites for effective cooperation were partnership among stakeholders and The Commission awarded the 2010 Lorenzo Natali Grand Prize recipient countries, and coherence between development and to the Nicaraguan journalist Yader Francisco Luna Garcia for an other policy areas such as trade and migration, as stipulated by article on violence against women. The award celebrates the the Lisbon Treaty, which had put renewed emphasis on poverty work of journalists committed to human rights, democracy eradication. and development.

6 December 2010. On the occasion of the 15th anniversary of the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights, several events focused attention on the horizontal issues of democracy, good governance, domestic accountability and human rights.

84 - Editions 85 2011 15-16 December, Warsaw

5-6 December 2011. The sixth edition of European Development Days took place in Warsaw at the recently inaugurated Copernicus Museum. An exhibition showcased prominent freedom fighters from all corners of the world. Left, we recognised Tawakkul Karman, 2011 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate and social activist in Yemen. In her video address to forum participants, she said: ‘Anything that we dream can happen. We need to know that together, we have the ability to achieve our dreams.’

86 87 European Development Days 2011 ‘Our citizens want a Europe of (EDD11) was held in Warsaw on 15-16 December. The two-day event was solidarity – both within Europe one of the largest in the calendar of the and with all the people of the Polish Presidency of the European Union. world especially, those in the EDD11 took place one year after the first least developed countries. wave of civil unrest and protest swept the Arab world, leading to unrest in They want efficient policies that Tunisia and Egypt and civil war in Libya. ensure every euro is well spent. The forum therefore focused on the EU’s support for democratic and peaceful They want EU policies to be transitions. people-oriented policies. In the long term, the countries EDD11 was also an opportunity to Theme consider the Commission's Agenda The focus of EDD11 was the link between development and which benefit will not succeed for Change made earlier in 2011 democracy. In several sessions, participants explored how if their policies do not which called for greater focus on Europe’s development policy could concentrate on sectors that good governance and human rights, are key for long-term and inclusive growth. Participants agreed empower their own people.’ concentration on the poorest countries, on the need to focus aid where it can really make a difference and to target countries in greatest need of external support. and ensuring that aid reaches those Panellists agreed that the areas where Europe could help lay who need it most. the foundations for sustainable and inclusive growth included governance, clean energy, and agriculture and food security.

Just two weeks before the Fourth High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness in Busan, South Korea, sessions addressed the call within the Agenda for Change for a more coordinated development approach at the European level and more development strategies led by partner countries. These principles of partnership and ownership are critical to aid effectiveness. Participants stressed the importance of South-South cooperation, aid effectiveness and accountability, decentralisation and strengthened local governance, democratic ownership, and the role of parliaments and civil society. The Commission also presented a new policy for direct budget support.

2 300 84 130 42 23 5 December 2011. Jerzy Buzek, President of the European participants countries speakers bilaterals sessions Parliament, welcomed the organisation of the forum for the first time in a so-called new EU Member State and praised the importance of solidarity towards all peoples of the world.

88 - Editions ‘The fundamental wish to have a dignified life for oneself and one’s children, free from poverty, violence, oppression and corruption, where all can participate in a community that is respectful of its people, that is something that all human beings have in common. There may be cultural differences, but I believe that these are the common aspirations of every human being.’ 15 December 2011

José Manuel Barroso President of the European Commission

Outcome

Several sessions explored the call for more effective budget in sustaining the course towards democratisation is vital too. support to partner countries that meet eligibility requirements, In this regard, EU Member States have their own experiences of as set out in the Agenda for Change. Participants discussed democratic transition, as well as a proud tradition of supporting the principles of ‘smart conditionality’, which includes a stable countries in their transition from autocracy to democracy. macroeconomic framework; national and sector policies and reforms focusing on sustainable growth and reducing poverty; Third, human rights must be deeply rooted in the approach and public financial management within a sound institutional, to development and should be given greater weight in legislative and regulatory framework. More importantly, it was cooperation. EDD11 highlighted the EU’s proud track record agreed that more attention would be focused on a country’s in this area. The 2006 European Instrument for Democracy record on democratic governance, particularly regarding and Human Rights has made a considerable difference by human rights and gender. This will help move the EU from ‘aid advocating respect for human rights around the world. effectiveness’ to ‘development effectiveness’. Participants agreed that a multidimensional approach is needed to address human rights violations by using a combination Participants communicated three key messages clearly in Warsaw. of political dialogue, sanctions, and leveraging financial and First, the desire for freedom is not cultural, but human. Revolutions technical cooperation. like those that began in Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and elsewhere 20 years before are now springing up in other parts of the world. Finally, participants acknowledged that the world can prosper only in an era of partnership. No one has a monopoly on knowledge Second, democratisation should begin from within partner – we can all learn from each other. Developing countries are countries. The days of interference and rule setting from donors partners in an enterprise in which we all have a stake. As chairman are over. Ownership in building democracy and pursuing of the Gapminder Foundation, Hans Rosling, put it in his development goals is essential. On the other hand, partnership presentation: ‘We are one world’.

15 December 2011. EDD11 was one of the largest events in the calendar of the Polish Presidency of the European Union. Organised for the first time in a country east of the former Iron Curtain and in the wake of the ongoing political changes in the Arab world, EDD11 featured an impressive line-up of high profile leaders from Eastern Europe and Northern Africa. On the first night of the forum, the Polish Presidency hosted a leaders’ dinner with the European Commission.

91 ‘This is the first time in the Arab world that the people rose up, not only for daily bread, ‘At the beginning, the but for dignity, equal rights and duties, freedom and accountability of rulers.’ 15 December 2011 demonstrations to end

Mohamed Beji Caid Essebsi Muammar al-Gaddafi’s rule Interim Prime Minister of Tunisia were peaceful, as a continuation of what happened in Egypt and Tunisia; but these were met with violence. By God’s help we had people who helped us from the Gulf Cooperation Council, Memorable the Arab League and the EU.

The focus of EDD11 was the link between development and become known as the Arab Spring, several high-level Finally the matter went to the democracy. Presenters and participants alike shared about their representatives from North Africa and the Middle East shared international community, which experiences with democratic transitions from Eastern European their vision at EDD11. Tunisia’s interim Prime Minister Mohammed and Central Asia to North Africa and the Middle East. Given Beji Caid Essebsi spoke of his country’s ongoing transition acted on the UN Resolution the high-stakes involved, expert testimonies and debates were to democracy, which began when 26-year-old Mohammed especially memorable. Bouazizi, stripped of the most basic human desire to provide for 1973 – the responsibility to his family, set himself on fire. Through his tragic sacrifice, millions Twenty years before, Central and Eastern European countries of his fellow Tunisians – and people throughout the wider region protect.’ experienced dramatic transitions. In 2011, participants discussed – can now aspire to the brighter future he once sought for the experience of Poland and its neighbours. They explored himself. In 2011, Tunisia was embracing a democratic future, and the transferability of its best practices in different political seeking Europe’s support to do so. environments, including Arab countries. They examined the lessons learnt in the context of the 20th anniversary of Mustafa Mohammed Abdul Jalil, chair of the National independence for the countries of Central Asia. EDD11 gave Transitional Council of Libya, highlighted security, stability and the floor to a number of eminent leaders, including former the rule of law as vital precursors to growth and development. President of the Kyrgyz Republic Roza Isakovna Otunbaeva, He emphasised Libya’s efforts to reintegrate into society the who showed how tyranny could not withstand the aspirations young Libyans who fought for freedom in their country by for democracy and a life of opportunity, especially among using grants to study abroad, funding for businesses and youth. Her speech was a timely reminder that the road to military careers. Jalil’s participation was an opportunity for the democracy can be a long and bumpy one. European community to stand shoulder-to-shoulder with Libya One year after the protests in Tunisia led to what would – as it would for any country on the road to democracy.

16 December 2011. Abdul Jalil, chair of the National Transition Council of Libya, eloquently described Libya’s path away from dictatorship.

92 - Editions 93 2012 16-17 October, Brussels

17 October 2012. For the media, European Development Days is an attractive opportunity to interview political and thought leaders or to organise lively debates. At EDD12, France 24 organised a debate between Kristalina Georgieva, European Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response; Eva Joly, chair of the European Parliament Committee on Development; and Victor G. Ndiaye, Chief Executive Officer, Performances Group & Performances Management Consulting.

94 95 On 16-17 October 2012, European ‘I share the dream of a Development Days returned to Brussels. The ongoing crisis in the Sahel region day when poverty is a and the Horn of Africa was the backdrop thing of the past – not for discussions concerning sustainable agriculture, food security and resilience. just poverty in terms of income, but in terms EDD12 discussed how to best support inclusive and sustainable growth for of lack of access to human development, as advocated by healthcare and social the European Commission’s new blueprint for development, the Agenda and political rights,’ for Change.

Participants explored the links between Themes inclusive and sustainable growth, and The theme for EDD12 was sustainable and inclusive growth debated how to build more resilient for human development. It was structured around three communities, engage the private sector, topics: building resilience, through sustainable agriculture, and empower people to contribute to food security and nutrition ; engaging the private sector for development. The issues cut across all development and empowering people for inclusive growth. sectors, including agriculture, education, In 2012, about 16 % of the world’s population – more than one energy, food security, and health. billion people in all – were hungry and lived in poverty. Most lived as small-scale farmers in rural areas where agriculture is the main economic activity. At EDD12, six high-level panels addressed the issues of sustainable agriculture, food security and resilience. Achieving food and nutrition security was at the top of the international political agenda. Participants discussed how best to empower farmers and harness the enormous potential to scale up agricultural production in developing countries.

3 300 103 274 101 50 participants countries speakers bilaterals sessions 17 October 2012. Joyce Banda, second African women to have ever been elected President of her country, delivered a memorable address.

96 - Editions ‘We must take destiny in our own hands. We need strategic relationships in the world, and a strategic approach towards global governance. We want to move away from the situation where we are beggars.’ 17 October 2012

Thomas Boni Yayi President of the Republic of Benin, Acting Chairperson of the African Union

Outcome

Engaging the private sector as a development partner to create Following the Commission’s Communication on the subject, jobs and income opportunities for the poor is today evolving participants agreed that social protection was an effective way into a crosscutting issue in development cooperation. At to reduce poverty and vulnerability. This could be achieved EDD12, six high-level panels addressed how to successfully by means of ‘social protection floors’, which has enabled engage the private sector as a partner in development healthcare and education to become affordable, accessible cooperation and how innovative approaches for development and universal. Other issues debated included how to finance financing can be found using both public and private sector universal healthcare and education, how to improve the resources. position of informal and young workers, the role of the private sector and coherence across EU policies. Furthermore, growth patterns are as important as growth rates. Without inclusive growth – characterised by people’s ability to Building on the European Union’s response to the food participate in, and benefit from, wealth and job creation – these crisis in sub-Saharan Africa, SHARE – Supporting the Horn benefits cannot be sustained over the long term. Inclusive and of Africa’s Resilience – participants agreed to scale up this sustainable economic growth is crucial to long-term poverty joint humanitarian-development approach to make people, reduction. At EDD12, six high-level panels tackled the issue communities and countries better able to face persistent, acute of how to empower people for inclusive growth and ensure emergencies. Greater cooperation was called for between a basic level of social protection. development and humanitarian efforts, particularly in disaster preparedness. As European Commission President José Manuel Barroso said at the opening ceremony of EDD12: ‘Growth is not an Participants shared success stories and best practices; learnt end in itself. It needs to be sustainable and inclusive. about the European Commission’s platform to bring together In the long run growth and social inclusion are two sides development partners to make maximum use of blending of the same coin.’ instruments; discussed the potential of the private sector to transform African economies; debated what constitutes inclusive business models; and looked at how best to work towards green and inclusive innovation.

Andris Piebalgs warmly welcomes Thomas Yayi Boni, President of Benin and acting President of the African Union. Yayi Boni was the President to attend the greatest number of the forum’s editions with 4 participations in 2012, 2010, 2008 and 2006.

99 ‘I have a two year old granddaughter and recently I played with her in Sofia and she ‘The bigger the laughed and cried. The next day I faced children who were so malnourished that they could not even cry. There is nothing more deafening than silence in a room full of disaster, the bigger children, so it is my duty as a commissioner to stand up for them.’ the empathy. 16 October 2012 Disasters bark; Kristalina Georgieva EU Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response preparedness is the dog that does not bark.’

Anniversary

EDD12 was an opportunity to celebrate 20 years of European ECHO works in close partnership with United Nations organisations solidarity with people in need worldwide. Founded in 1992, the and non-governmental organisations to deliver life-saving European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO) has since activities. Partnership is critical because there are 30-40 countries provided EUR 14 billion of humanitarian assistance to people that are either in conflict, emerging from it, or slipping into it. suffering from conflict, as well as natural disasters and man-made crises. Its work has been carried out under The world is changing. It is more fragile and disasters are more the principals of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and frequent and severe, often being driven by climate change, independence. urbanisation and population growth. To cut humanitarian costs in the future, ECHO is investing in preparedness and prevention. Together, the EU Member States and European institutions have It’s a smart investment. Every euro invested saves between four been the biggest donor of humanitarian aid, contributing more and seven more. In 2012, preparedness and prevention activities than half of official global humanitarian aid. Since 2008, ECHO’s represented 10 % of ECHO’s budget and it has moved from budget had averaged EUR 1 billion annually. In 2011, ECHO responding to crises to anticipating them by assessing risks, supported more than 120 million people in 80 countries. investing in early warning systems, and boosting resilience.

16 October 2012. On the occasion of the twentieth anniversary of EU humanitarian operations, Kristalina Georgieva explained the importance of disaster preparedness, especially int eh context of building more resilient communities against the adverse effects of climate change and natural disasters.

100 - Editions 101 2013 26-27 November, Brussels

27 November 2013. The closing panel of EDD13 was high-level, interactive and engaging. Forum participants were invited to directly interact with Andris Piebalgs, EU Commissioner for Development; Jan Eliasson, Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations; and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of Liberia; the Executive Director of Oxfam International, Winnie Byanyima; as well as prominent academics, Paul Collier and Debapriya Bhattacharya.

102 103 For its eighth edition, European Development Days 2013 (EDD13) stayed in Brussels. More than 5 000 participants gathered around 343 experts, high-level practitioners and global leaders. EDD13 was also the largest ever EDD edition in terms of the depth and breadth of its programme, which included no less than 80 sessions.

Following the European Commission’s Communication ‘A decent life for all – building a consensus for a new development agenda’, the forum represented a unique opportunity to Themes come together to discuss a strong, While the eight MDGs set in 2000 have been very useful in common European position on advancing poverty reduction and improving human wellbeing, an ambitious post-2015 agenda progress toward meeting them has been uneven. Ellen Johnson to eradicate poverty and promote Sirleaf, President of Liberia, noted that in many poor countries, sustainable development while ensuring particularly in Africa, many of the goals have not been achieved. She called for much greater consultation with and participation a decent life for all by 2030. of poor countries in formulating the post-2015 agenda, and for a stronger global partnership to underpin it. EDD13 thus helped shift the perception of development as a poor country Through its February 2013 Communication ‘A decent life for problem to a challenge for the entire all’ and the ensuing June 2013 Council Conclusions “The Overarching Post-2015 Agenda”, the European Union has set world to address. out its vision for a post-2015 agenda which integrates the three dimensions of sustainable development in a balanced manner.

The European Union is advocating a joined-up approach to addressing global poverty and sustainable development, aiming to ensure the adoption of a single set of goals and targets that will apply universally to all countries, while taking into account national circumstances, capacities and levels of development.

26 November 2013. EDD13 inaugurated a new type of interactive 5 000 154 343 105 80 workshop. A dozen brainstorming sessions took place and participants countries speakers bilaterals sessions gave stakeholders and practitioners the opportunity to advance creative solutions to tough challenges. Here, participants develop proposals on how best to involve the media.

104 - Editions ‘The fact that we’re not all perfect does not mean we’re all equally imperfect. […] Cultural relativism is very dangerous. Human rights are the universal language of the powerless against the relativism of the powerful.

Anniversary

EDD13 was an opportunity to celebrate the 20th anniversary Stavros Lambrinidis, EU Special Representative for Human of the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Rights, recalled the 1993 Vienna Declaration from 20 years ago Human Rights and EU cooperation in the field of human rights. that emphasised the central role of civil society to promote human rights around the world. The EU needs to set an Flavia Pansieri, UN Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights, example and not overlook human rights violations: ‘The fact began her address by reciting the first article of the UN Declaration that we’re not all perfect does not mean we’re all equally on Human Rights. She cautioned the large and appreciative imperfect […] Cultural relativism is very dangerous. Human audience: ‘We must make sure we recognise the importance, the rights are the universal language of the powerless against the absolute necessity of promotion and respect for human rights relativism of the powerful. This is our inspiration. This is our in everything we do […] If it is true that there is no peace without compass. development and no development without peace, it is equally true This is where we join hands with others to be able to make that neither of the two can exist without human rights’. a difference, not just a point.’

26 November 2013. Stavros Lambrinidis, EU Special Representative for Human Rights, recalled the Vienna Declaration from 20 years ago that emphasised the central role of civil society to promote human rights around the world.

107 “The post-2015 framework should aim to construct a reinforced world-level ‘The most difficult part in getting partnership, based on solidarity with the poorest people, and an acceptance that the world of the 21st century is unquestionably interdependent and destined for integration.’ the necessary consensus will be 26 November 2013 the negotiation among countries, José Manuel Barroso President of the European Commission ensuring that each region feels it is engaged. The way to do it is through gaining support for the idea of one humanity. This time we are talking about mutual responsibility [where] we Outcome all commit to common goals

The main outcome of EDD13 was to build a consensus towards EDD13 also contributed to a vision of a world where every man, for a common humanity. The a bold, but realistic agreement on development priorities after woman and child lives in dignity with the right to prosperity. international community should the MDG deadline in 2015. The recognition that development As President Barroso stated, ‘it is both a human imperative and is a common challenge for the entire world – for every country a matter of strategic intelligence.’ Some participants believed negotiate the future framework and every citizen – was the dominant message of EDD13. that the post-2015 development agenda should address Because the challenges ahead were universal and interrelated, inequality in a meaningful way. Income inequality and gender not as north, south, east, west, participants agreed that they needed to be addressed together discrimination are major worldwide impediments to poverty by all countries. eradication and sustainable development. With regard to poor, rich – but as members gender equality, participants agreed that the successor targets of one humanity with a EDD13 took place just a few days after the UN climate to the MDGs must promote change within society as a whole, change conference in Warsaw and against the backdrop of including focusing on the role of men and boys. common destiny.’ the catastrophic consequences of Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. Participants reiterated that climate change threatens A recurrent theme through the two-day programme was one poverty reduction efforts worldwide and called yet again on of interdependence. The discussions repeatedly highlighted global leaders to take action. To achieve poverty eradication the links between climate change and the limits of natural and sustainable development in its three dimensions – resources; between poverty, conflict and migration; and economic, social and environmental – the new agenda would between education and inclusive and sustainable growth. need to address climate change as a cross-cutting issue and ‘A clear vision of an interdependent world, in which problems require all nations to ‘live within planetary boundaries.’ in one place affect us all’, was how Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of Liberia, summarised the ambition and sentiment of this EDD edition.

27 November 2013. At the closing session, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of Liberia, stressed that one of the biggest challenges remaining ahead for the post-2015 global framework is to ensure ownership, convincing every nation that the framework is in their national interests.

108 - Editions 109 Lorium ipsum: lorium ipsum dolorium

Louis Michel xxx

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Itas et exped et as dolorem omnihil id est eos accus sumquam dolorem fugiasp voloreceatis es es esti cus que poritib usapeliquo explitati dem esequi cupic tem harunt utatus ari quiat ea dolupta nos molupta simaxim posserio eressi occus deritamus maiorum incto eaquiae et officatur, tempere dis qui niet as aborum vendunt beaquo dis sitiatur, omnis magnamus. quam, te sanditem doluptatio torestem ilit ut derspis volorum vendit et et rest vel mo blam aut voluptation exerferum audici totaquae volupta spicitas nonet Ovitium que debitatisim quaectum qui andunt est ut laut quid qui vel id magnam vente sintet ditius cus sitiantur senihic aborrorrorio dolora qui sendis ipsandit, te modia corati optatemos est estruptas eum porro est magnam is si arum harume et quasper expe plabor asimus corpossenis sam sitatem voles susam esecto tet eium apiendi dolo et volum ium untis asperit asimodi gendeli busandunt volendi natius experch illaces tibusa eost idendit fuga. estiatio eium iuntent velicit repeditatur sitam erit, faccullaut as alitatem ium il et et enditiae duciis omnimusam et laborerum faccatenis intorae ctassi Git poris magnisc iasped qui optaeptat quia a cus pro volo estem sam facimus autet volor aut commo con ea nus idus sinus nectur aspita quid eum bla volluptat el in rae nest, seque volupta menihit doluptas estio occab il maio. Lum que volorro ressiti re, et, omnitem quatia plabora velescia cusa acculparcium vollupti commolest ut aut ipisimin mi, quo od ea sum res ut eumquossite magnate rectas asi simosandamus dentectasped ut laborib simusania quatint vente plam enis asit re niasinim eium eos evel illam et ex ea dolorum recuptatio pre, seruptis et re nobit eum dignamenti conet aut eatemporepro ipicae nestia quae eatur? est aborrovit quos eratiun tempel id quidel ipsam maximus de sint fugit et reped eturi quodis et aute acepudi temporem quasperrum autempores sitae Nem esti corpos et elenem intiunto estio millab in re, que sedipsa ndanis di apedi totassequi rest iliae cum il in non pellam faccus ilis pori omnit odit reris nonsed quissi dent et repuda neceate mporit, ipsa unto vid ullore la del eum sinvellupta que consequos eaqui auta dolorerovidi dolupta testrum di to tem eossum inusciatis nos autecer ionseri tionsequi od di cullant, offictesecti is ut volorest, se etum est, que eaque cone cuscipsusae eos aut pe omnimus et quat.

114 115 From heads of state to community workers, from Nobel laureates to project managers, everyone has a say at European Development Days. Regardless of gender, creed or colour, the forum allows participants to share their knowledge and experiences on an equal footing.

The forum has taken pride in its ability to bring a growing and diverse range of actors to the discussion table: politicians, business leaders, parliamentarians, academics, think-tank fellows, civil society advocates, local, field and international practitioners, trade union representatives, and media brokers. European Development Days has been a rare opportunity for advocates, practitioners and stakeholders Voices working in often quite separate sectors to meet and build synergies.

116 117 Partner Countries

The European Union implements head of state programmes and projects around the world, wherever assistance is needed. EuropeAid helps developing countries to improve the welfare of their poorest Ernest Bai Koroma Ahmad Kabbah Macky Sall populations. President of the Republic of Sierra Leone President of the Republic of Sierra Leone President of the Republic of Senegal (2009) (2006) (2012)

Nevertheless, developing countries Joyce Banda Paul Kagame Mamadou Tanja bear the primary responsibility for their President of the Republic of Malawi President of the United Republic of Rwanda President of the Republic of Niger (2012) (2006, 2010) (2006) own development. EuropeAid tailors its support to fit the development priorities ali Bongo Odimba Jakaya Kikwete aMadou Toumani Touré set by these countries. President of the Republic of Gabon President of the Republic of Tanzania President of the Republic of Mali (2012) (2010) (2006, 2008)

As Europe’s foremost platform to François Bozizé Emmanuel Manny Mori Thomas Yayi Boni engage with its partners from all corners President of the Central African Republic President of the Federated States of Micronesia President of the Republic of Benin (2006) (2009) (2006, 2008, 2010, 2012) of the world, European Development Days has been a sounding board Blaise Compaoré Festus Mogae aIsatu N’Jie-Saidy for dozens of foreign heads of state or President of the Republic of Burkina Faso President of the Republic of Botswana Vice-President of the Republic of The Gambia (2008, 2008) (2006) (2006) government who have presented their agenda to eradicate poverty. Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé Ely Mohammed Vall Jejomar Binay President of the Republic of Togo President of the Republic of Mauritania Vice-President of the Republic of The Philippines (2006) (2006) (2012)

Maumoom Gayoom Yoweri Museveni President of the Republic of the Maldives President of the Republic of Uganda (2007) (2006)

armando Guebuza Pierre Nkurunziza President of the Republic of Mozambique President of the Republic of Burundi (2012) (2006)

Mamadou IsSoufou Marc Ravalomanana President of the Republic of Niger President of the Republic of Madagascar (2011, 2013) (2006, 2008)

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Mikheil Saakashvili President of the Republic of Liberia President of the Republic of Georgia (2006, 2009, 2013) (2011)

118 - Voices 119 Partner Countries

head of Government Minister of Foreign Affairs Minister of Interior and Decentralisation

Mohamed Beji Caid Essebsi raila Odinga Fawzia Y. H. Adam aBDourahim Agne Interim Prime Minister of Tunisia Prime Minister of Kenya Deputy Prime Minister and Minister Minister of Planning and Decentralised Cooperation, (2011) (2009) for Foreign Affairs, Somalia Senegal (2013) (2008)

Garry Conille José Maria Pereira Neves Prime Minister of Haiti Prime Minister of Cape Verde José Brito chakib Ben Moussa (2011) (2013) Minister of Foreign Affairs of Cape Verde Minister of Interior, Morroco (2008) (2008)

Salam Fayyad Michèle Pierre-Louis Prime Minister of Palestine Prime Minister of Haiti Zainab Hawa Bangura Dame Carol Kidu (2010) (2008, 2009) Minister for Foreign Affairs and Minister for Local Development, Papua New Guinea (2008) International Cooperation, Sierra Leone (2009) Sheikh Hasina navinchandra Ramgoolam Prime Minister of Bangladesh Prime Minister of Mauritius Jaffer Hamed Mohamed Jaffar (2009) (2006) Augustine Kpehe Ngafuan Vice Minister of Local Government, Yemen (2008) Minister for Foreign Affairs, Liberia (2012) Mohammed Abdul Jalil aBsalom Themba Dlamini Chairman of the National Transition Council of Libya Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Swaziland aBEl Toussaint Coulibaly (2011) (2006) Oldemiro Marques Balói Minister of Local Authorities, Burkina Faso (2008) Minister for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Mozambique Portia Simpson Miller Morgan Tsvangirai (2010) Prime Minister of Jamaica Prime Minister of Zimbabwe alassane Seidou (2013) (2010) Minister for Decentralisation, Benin Louise Mushikiwabo (2009)

Minister of Foreign Affairs, Rwanda Edward Natapei Meles Zenawi (2010) Prime Minister of Vanuatu Prime Minister of Ethiopia (2009) (2006) Bruno Rodriguez Parrilla First Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cuba Madhav Kumar Nepal Tertius Zongo (2007) Prime Minister of Nepal Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2010) (2009) Ahmed Shaheed Minister of Foreign Affairs of The Maldives (2009)

120 - Voices 121 Partner Countries

Minister of Economy and Finance Minister of Land, Environment and Agriculture Minister of Gender Minister of Health and Education

Sufian Ahmed Florence Chenoweth Julia Duncan-Cassell David Chiriboga Minister of Finance and Economic Development, Minister for Agriculture, Liberia Minister for Gender and Development, Liberia Minister of Health, Ecuador (2013) (2013) (2010) Ethiopia (2012) sTanislas Kamanzi Jiko Luveni arthur Peter Mutharika Samura Kamara Minister for Natural Resources, Rwanda Minister for Women, Social Welfare Minister of Education, Science and Technology, (2009) Minister of Finance and Economic Development, and Poverty Alleviation, Fiji Malawi (2013) (2010) Sierra Leone (2009) Mohammed Hasan Mahmud State Minister of Environment and Forest, Bangladesh Lukia Nakadama Isanga Amara M. Konneh (2009) State Minister for Gender and Culture, Uganda Minister of Planning and Economic Affairs, Liberia (2012) (2009, 2010) Maria Mutagamba Minister of Water and Environment, Uganda Thérèse Olenga Kalonda Osman Mohamed Osman (2007) Minister for Education, Information, Minister of Economic Development, Egypt Women and Environment, Province of Kinshasa, DRC (2006) (2009) Eugene Shannon Minister of Land, Mines and Energy, Liberia Emilia Pires (2006)

Minister of Finance, Timor-Leste (2013) Buyelwa Sonjica Other Minister of Water and Environmental Affairs, Mahamadou Sako South Africa (2009) Former Minister of Privatisation, Niger (2007) nguyEn ThE PhUOng hEndrietta Ipeleng Bogopane-Zulu Saley Saidou Deputy Minister of Planning and Investment, Vietnam Deputy Minister for Public Works, Minister of Commerce and (2012) Member of Parliament, South Africa (2009) Private Sector Development, Niger (2012)

François Marie Didier Zoundi Minister of the Budget, Ministry of Economy and Finance, Burkina Faso (2010)

122 - Voices 123 Civil Society

Civil society and non-state actors more MEDIA EXPERTISE broadly are privileged partners of the European Union. Together, they are working towards more participatory development; the European Commission’s salim Amin Debapriya Bhattacharya andré Gerrits Directorate General for Development Founding Managing Director, A24 Media Chair, Southern Voices on Post-MDGs, Bangladesh Professor of Politics, Leiden University (2006) (2013) (2011) and Cooperation has developed financial instruments tailored to the oMar Belhouchet Nancy Birdsall patrick Guillaumont specific requirements of non-state actors. Editor-in-Chief, El Watan President, Center for Global Development President, Foundation for Studies (2008) (2009) and Research on International Development (2009, 2011, 2013) European Development Days has served Erik Bettermann Fatih Birol as a useful platform for European Director-General, Deutsche Welle Chief Economist, International Energy Agency charles Josselin (2008) (2010) President, Cités Unies France civil society organisations to engage (2008) directly with the European Commission, paul Dujardin Jean Bossuyt partner countries and other important Chief Executive Officer, Centre for Fine Arts, Head of Strategy, European Centre ravi Kanbur multilateral institutions. Numerous civil Brussels for Development Policy Management T.H. Lee Professor of World Affairs (2013) (2006, 2009, 2010, 2011) International Professor of Applied society leaders from across Europe Economics and Management have participated in the forum, and a Professor of Economics, Cornell University Muchadeyi Ashton Masunda François Bourguignon (2008) particular feature is that most workshops Chair and Chief Executive, Former Chief Economist, The World Bank Group, Associated Newspapers of Zimbabwe Director, Paris School of Economics and sessions in the programme are (2008) (2008, 2009, 2010) sIMon Maxwell directly proposed, organised and run by Director, Overseas Development Institute (2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013) development stakeholders themselves. Eric Nyindu Paulo Buss Editor-in-Chief, VoxAfrica Director, Centre for Global Health, All the forum has helped pave the way (2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013) Fundação Oswaldo Cruz a N M Muniruzzaman towards a more structured dialogue President, Bangladesh Institute of Peace and Security Studies between the European institutions and Xiao Qiang Martha Chen (2012) civil society organisations. Adjunct Professor, School of Information Lecturer in Public Policy University College of Berkeley, Founding Harvard Kennedy School of Government Editor-in-Chief China Digital Times (2012) rajendra K. Pachauri (2011) Chair, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Beyond Europe, European Development Founding Director-General, TERI Days has welcomed contributions from Paul Collier (2009) claude-Yves Robin Centre for the Study of African Economies, a number of prominent and experienced Director-General, France 5 TV University of Oxford civil society leaders from all corners of (2007) (2010, 2013) hans Rosling Professor of International Health, the world. Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Marie-Christine Saragosse Paul Engel (2011) Director-General, TV5 Monde Director, European Centre (2010) for Development Policy Management (2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013) Jean-Louis Sarbib Director-General, The Development Gateway Mactar Silla (2009) President, African Association of Private TV Producer Shenggen Fan (2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012) Director-General, International Food Policy Research Institute

124 - Voices 125 Civil Society

ADVOCACY ADVOCACY

Rami Abdurrahman shirin Ebadi Noerine Kaleeba samuel Nsikabaka Founding Director, 2003 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Chair, ActionAid International Secretary-General, Fondation Niosi, Syrian Observatory for Human Rights Founding President, Centre for (2008) Republic of the Congo (2011) the Defence of Human Rights (2010) (2011) Justin Kilcullen Peter Ackermann President, CONCORD oUsmane Sy Founding Chair, International Center Eva Gamboa (2009, 2010) Director, Center of Policy and on Non-violent Conflict National Council of Indigenous Women, Institutional Expertise in Africa (2009) Argentina (2006, 2008) (2010) Huguette Labelle Chair, Board of Directors, Transparency International Patrick Alley (2009) Jean-Baptiste Richardier Founding Director, Global Witness gEneviève Garigos Co-founding Director-General, (2007) President, Amnesty Handicap International International – France Wangari Maathai (2012) (2008) 2004 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Souhayr Belhassen Founder, Green Belt Movement Mary Robinson President, International Federation for Human Rights (2008) (2009) hElmuth Hartmeyer Former President of Ireland, Chair, Global Education President, Ethical Globalization Initiative Network Europe Vice-President, Club of Madrid Eric Makokha (2009) Tjipke Bergsma (2013) Chief Executive Officer, Shelter Forum Deputy Chief Executive Officer, Plan International (2011) (2012) hans R. Herren, Esther Somoire President, Millennium Institute, Centre for Indigenous Women and Children, Kenya Jean Claude Mbanya (2011) Winnie Byanyima 1995 World Food Prize Winner President, International Diabetes Federation Executive Director, Oxfam International (2010) (2010) (2013) aMInata Traoré Jeremy Hobbs Giles Merritt Essayist and Social Activist Indu Capoor Executive Director, Oxfam International Secretary-General, Friends of Europe Former Minister of Culture, Mali (2006, 2008) Director, Centre for Health Education (2009) (2008, 2009, 2010) Training and Nutrition Awareness (2012) oTIve Igbuzor Ross Mountain antonio Tujan Head of International Campaigns Director-General, Development Co-Chair, NGO Network Better Aid (2011) Mamadou Cissokho ActionAid International Assistance Research Associates Honorary President, (2009) (2010) Network of West African Farmers and Producers Organisation archbishop Desmond Tutu (2006, 2007) Philomena Johnson Kumi Naidoo 1984 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Director, Caritas Ghana Co-chair, Global Call to Action Against Poverty Archbishop Emeritus of Cape Town (2006) (2010) (2009) Bineta Diop Executive Director, Femmes Africa Solidarité (2007) sIDIki Kaba President, International Federation for Human Rights (2006)

126 - Voices 127 Civil Society Business Governance Former Leaders

Nick Blazquez hans-Jürgen Matern Shirin Aumeeruddy-Cziffra Jan Krzysztof Bielecki Managing Director, Diageo Africa Vice-President, Head of Sustainability Ombudsperson for Children, Former Minister for Former Prime Minister of Poland Chairman, Private Investors for Africa and Regulatory Affairs, Metro Group Women’s Rights and Family Affairs, Mauritius (2011) (2010) (2012) (2010) pIErre Buyoya Richard Branson Ekoko Mukete Alifa Chaabane Farouk Former President of Burundi Founding Chairman, Virgin Group General Manager, Spectrum Group, Ombudsman of the Republic of Tunisia (2006) (2008) Vice-President, Cameroon Chamber of Commerce, (2006) Industry, Mines and Crafts Jacques Chirac (2012) Mohammed El-Hacen Ould Lebatt Former President of France Tara Dawood Chief Observer in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2010) Chief Executive Officer, Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie Dawood Capital Management Limited, Pakistan vIctor G. Ndiaye (2011) (2012) Chief Executive Officer, Performances Group aBDou Diouf (2012) Former President of the Republic of Senegal Ahmed El Midaoui (2006, 2008) Philippe de Buck President, Court of Auditors, Morocco Director-General, BusinessEurope Bernhard Pacher (2010) (2010) alpha Oumar Konaré Chairman and Managing Director, Adcon Telemetry Former President of the Republic of Mali (2009, 2012) Jean-Pierre Elong Mbassi Former Chairperson of the Commission Cheick Modibo Diarra Secretary-General, United Cities of the African Union President, Microsoft Africa sIEgmar Proebstl and Local Governments – Africa (2009) (2006, 2008, 2010) Chief Executive Officer, Siemens Africa (2008, 2010, 2011) (2012) qUETT Ketumile Joni Masire Kamel Jendoubi Former President of the Republic of Botswana Maria Eitel President, Independent Electoral Commission, Tunisia (2006) Founding President and Chief executive Officer, rUTh Rawling (2011) Nike Foundation Vice-President, Corporate Affairs (2010) Europe, Middle East and Africa, Cargill gérard Latortue (2012) KofFI Kounté Prime Minister of Haiti (2010) President, Human Rights National Commission, Togo Jacques Delmoitiez (2010) President for Europe, the Middle East nUno Ribeiro da Silva Benjamin Mkapa and Africa, BASF Group President, Portuguese Industrial Association Former President of the United Republic of Tanzania (2011) (2007) Abbot Apollinaire Malu Malu Chair, Independent Electoral Commission, (2009) Democratic Republic of Congo Ndidi Nnoli-Edozien Bashir Saleh Bashir (2009, 2010) Festus Gontebanye Mogae Founding President, President, Libya Africa Portfolio Investment Former President of the Republic of Botswana (2006, 2008) (2009) Growing Business Foundation, Nigeria Abdoulaye Sene (2007, 2008) President, Global Local Forum (2012) gEorge Soros karl Auguste Offman Paulo Gomes Founding Chairman, Open Society Institute Former President of the Republic of Mauritius (2009) Jeremy Smith (2006) Founding President, Constelor Group (2012) Secretary-General, Council of European

Municipalities and Regions roza Isakovna Otunbaeva John Tedstrom (2008) Former President of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan Christina Gradl President and Chief Executive (2011) Managing Director, Endeva Officer, Global Business Coalition Soraya Rahim Sobhrang (2012) on HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria 2010 Frontline Award Laureate, (2010) aristides Maria Peirera Independent Human Rights Commission, Afghanistan Former President of the Republic of Cape Verde (2010) Mo Ibrahim (2006) Founding Chair, Mo Ibrahim Foundation Muhammad Yunus (2010) 2006 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Faith Pansy Tlakula nIcéphore Dieudonné Soglo Founding Managing Director, Grameen Bank Chairperson Former President of the Republic of Benin (2009) Electoral Commission of South Africa (2006, 2009) (2009) 128 - Voices 129

Tertius Zongo Former Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2011, 2013) Women leaders

Gender equality is essential for growth European Union Business International Organisation and poverty reduction, and it is key to reaching the Millennium Development Goals. However, in the developing world, women suffer disproportionately gUnilla Carlsson Sabine Dall’Omo c aroline Anstey from poverty and its related ills, such as Minister for International Chief Financial Officer, Managing Director, Development Cooperation, Sweden Siemens Africa The World Bank Group malnutrition, poor health and illiteracy. (2008, 2009, 2010) (2012) (2010, 2012)

European Development Days has served kristalina Georgieva Tara Dawood hElen Clark EU Commissioner for International Chief Executive Officer, Administrator, United Nations as an important platform to address this, Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response Dawood Capital Management Limited, Pakistan Development Programme (2012) (2009) not least by seeking gender balance in (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013) the composition of its panels and giving Mar ia Eitel nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma the floor to some of the world’s most hEIDI Hautala Founding President and Chief executive Officer, Chairperson, Commission of the African Union Minister for International Development, Finland (2013) Nike Foundation inspiring women leaders. (2010, 2011, 2012) (2010) hEnrietta Holsman Fore connie Hedegaard Sylvia Mathews Burwell Administrator, United States Agency EU Commissioner for Climate Action President, Global Development for International Development (2009) Programme, Bill & Melinda (2008) Gates Foundation (2010) Danuta Hübner hIlde Frafjord Johnson Deputy Executive Director European Commissioner for Regional Policy United Nations Children’s Fund (2008) Ndidi Nnoli-Edozien Founding President, Growing Business (2010) Foundation, Nigeria Erato Kozakou-Marcoullis (2007, 2008) Thoraya Ahmed Obaid Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cyprus Executive Director, United Nations Population Fund (2012) Ruth Rawling (2009) Vice-President, Corporate Affairs, Europe, Middle East and Africa, Cargill Viktoria (2012) ngozi Okonjo-Iweala Crown Princess of Sweden Managing Director, (2009) The World Bank Group (2009)

Margot Wallström Flavia Pansieri Vice-President, United Nations Deputy High Commissioner European Commission for Human Rights (2009) (2013)

Josette Sheeran Executive Director, World Food Programme (2007)

anna Tibaijuka Executive Director, United Nations Human Settlement Fund (2007, 2009)

130 - Voices 131 Women leaders

Governance Civil Society

Africa Asia Africa Europe Fawzia Y. H. Adam sheikh Hasina Noerine Kaleeba sharan Burrow Deputy Prime Minister and Prime Minister of Bangladesh Chair, ActionAid International General Secretary, International Minister for Foreign Affairs, Somalia (2009) (2008) Trade Union Confederation (2013) (2012) roza Isakovna Otunbaeva Angélique Kidjo Joyce Banda Former President of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan Singer and Political Activist, Benin wInnie Byanyima President of the Republic of Malawi (2011) (2008) Executive Director, (2012) Oxfam International habiba Sorabi Ayo Obe (2013) Zainab Hawa Bangura Governor, Bamiyan Province Afghanistan Chair, Board of Trustees Minister for Foreign Affairs and (2008) Goree Institute, Senegal International Cooperation (2011) hUguette Labelle (2009) Chair, Board of Directors, Transparency International (2009) Caribbean Wangari Maathai Louise Mushikiwabo 2004 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Minister of Foreign Affairs, Rwanda Michèle Pierre-Louis Founder, Green Belt Movement Mary Robinson (2010) Prime Minister of Haiti (2008) Former President of Ireland, (2008, 2009) President, Ethical Globalization Initiative, Vice-President, Club of Madrid Aisatu N’Jie-Saidy Aminata Traoré (2009) Vice-President of the Republic of The Gambia portia Simpson-Miller Essayist and Social Activist (2006) Prime Minister of Jamaica Former Minister of Culture, Mali (2013) (2006, 2008) Ellen Johnson Sirleaf 2011 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate President of the Republic of Liberia Asia (2006, 2009, 2013) Pacific Shirin Ebadi Dame Carol Kidu 2003 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, Minister for Community Development, Founding President, Centre for the America Papua New Guinea Defence of Human Rights (2008) (2011) Mary Simon President, Jiko Luveni Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami Minister for Women, Social Welfare Tawakol Karman (2009) and Poverty Alleviation, Fiji 2011 Nobel Prize Laureate (2013) Human Rights Activist, Yemen (2011) Emilia Pires Minister of Finance, Soraya Rahim Sobhrang Timor Leste 2010 Frontline Award Laureate (2013) Independent Human Rights Commission, Afghanistan (2010)

Aung San Suu Kyi 1991 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Chairperson, National League for Democracy, Burma (2010)

132 - Voices 133 European Parliament Isabella Lövin Leonidas Donskis Member, Delegation to the ACP-EU Member, Committee on Development Joint Parliamentary Assembly (2013) (2012) Marie-Hélène Aubert The European Parliament and its Isabelle Durant Member, Committee on Development Maria Martens Committee on Development have (2008) Vice-President, European Parliament (2010) Member, Committee on Development been active supporters of European (2007) Development Days since its creation. Thijs Berman Member, Committee on Development Santiago Fisas Ayxela Member, Delegation for relations with louis Michel The Committee on Development (2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013) Co-Chair, ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly the Palestinian Legislative Council (2009, 2010, 2012) keeps a close watch on the European (2010) Commission and all other actors Josep Borrell Fontelles, responsible for Europe’s development Chair, Committee on Development gay Mitchell (2007, 2008) Charles Goerens Member, Committee on Development Member, Committee on Development policies and humanitarian aid. And, (2009, 2010) Rapporteur on the Agenda for Change together with Member States, it makes Jerzy Buzek (2010, 2012, 2013) the laws that frame EU development President of the European Parliament lUIsa Morgantini (2009) Vice-President activities. Enrique Guerrero Salom (2007, 2008) Member, Delegation to the ACP-EU Michael Cashman Joint Parliamentary Assembly Echoing the citizens of Europe, the Member, Committee on Development (2009, 2010) Maurice Ponga (2010, 2012, 2013) Member, Committee on Development European Parliament firmly believes (2010) that the EU has a duty to put a stop Ana Maria Gomez Minodora Cliveti Member, Committee on Foreign Affairs to poverty and suffering in a world Member, Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (2007, 2009) pIErre Schapira where there is enough for everybody, (2013) Rapporteur on Local Authorities, Mikael Gustafsson Committee on Development if fairly shared. This commitment has (2008, 2010) Thierry Cornillet Chair, Committee on Women’s been reinforced by the participation of Member, Committee on Development Rights and Gender Equality numerous Members of the European (2008) (2013) alf Svensson Member, Committee on Development Parliament in the forum. (2009, 2010) rIcardo Cortés Lastra Satu Hassi Member, Committee on Development Member, Committee on the Environment, (2011) Public Health and Food Safety kEITh Taylor (2009) Member, Committee on Development (2013) corina Creţu Vice-Chair, Committee on Development Alain Hutchinson (2008, 2010) Member, Committee on Development Johan Van Hecke (2007, 2008) Member, Committee on Development (2007) ryszard Czarnecki Member, Committee on Development Eva Joly (2007, 2008) Chair, Committee on Development anders Wijkman (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013) Member, Committee on Development (2007, 2009) véronique De Keyser Member, Committee on Development Filip Kaczmarek (2010) Rapporteur on the post-2015 development agenda, Jan Zahradil Committee on Development Member, Committee on Development (2011) (2008) nIrj Deva Member, Committee on Development (2007, 2008, 2013) Ska Keller gabriele Zimmer Member, Committee on International Trade Member, Delegation to the ACP-EU (2010) Joint Parliamentary Assembly (2009)

134 - Voices 135 Member States

In April 2006, European Member States BELGIUM CZECH REPUBLIC FRANCE approved a proposal from European Commissioner Louis Michel to launch Petr Jan Kalaš Jean-Marie Bockel hrh Prince Philippe Secretary of State for Cooperation European Developments Days. The (2010) Former Environment Minister of Czech Republic (2007) and Francophone Matters aim was to improve aid effectiveness (2007) and to strengthen the consensus on Jean-Pascal Labille Jan Kohout development policy following the Minister for Development Cooperation pascal Canfin (2013) Minister of Foreign Affairs (2008) Minister delegate for Development European Consensus on Development (2012, 2013) established in 2005. Since the forum’s yves Leterme inception, Member States have sustained Prime Minister philippe Douste-Blazy (2010) DENMARK Minister of Foreign Affairs their support by sending Ministers and (2006) government officials each year. paul Magnette Minister for Public Undertakings, Science Policy Christian Friis Bach Brigitte Girardin and Development Cooperation Minister for Development Cooperation Minister of Development Cooperation European Development Days has served (2012) (2012) and Francophone Matters as an important platform to forge a (2006) greater consensus amongst Member charles Michel States on development policy, including Minister for Development Cooperation alain Joyandet (2010) ESTONIA Secretary of State for Cooperation budget support, food security, nutrition and Francophone Matters (2008) and access to energy and has helped gUy Verhofstadt pave the way to promoting a decent life Prime Minister Urmas Paet (2006) Minister of Foreign Affairs Bernard Kouchner for all by 2030. (2007) Minister of Foreign and European Affairs (2008)

CROATIA FINLAND GERMANY vEsna Batistić Kos Assistant Minister for Multilateral Affairs and Global Issues, Pekka Haavisto Ministry for Foreign and European Affairs Minister for International Development karin Kortmann (2013) (2013) Parliamentary State Secretary Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development Heidi Hautala (2006) CYPRUS Minister for International Development (2010, 2011, 2012) Dirk Niebel Federal Minister for International Demetris Christofias Marjatta Rasi Cooperation and Development President of the Republic Under Secretary of State, International (2010) (2012) Development Cooperation and Policy (2006) hEIDEMarie Wieczorek-Zeul Erato Kozakou-Marcoullis Federal Minister for Economic Minister of Foreign Affairs Cooperation and Development (2012) (2008)

136 - Voices 137 Member States PORTUGAL SWEDEN

Luís Amado carl Bildt HUNGARY Minister of Foreign Affairs Minister of Foreign Affairs Lithuania (2006) (2009)

János Hóvári nEris Germanas Luís Brites Pereira Ewa Björling Deputy State Secretary responsible for Global Affairs Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Secretary of State of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Minister for Trade (2010) (2013) (2012) (2009)

László Varkonyi Evaldas Ignatavičius João Gomes Cravinho Gunilla Carlsson State Secretary for Foreign Affairs Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Minister for International (2007) Development Cooperation (2006, 2007) (2011) (2008, 2009, 2010) laimonas Talat-Kelpša Francisco Nunes Correia IRLANDE Undersecretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister for Environment, Fredrik Reinfeldt (2006) Spatial Planning and Regional Development Prime Minister (2007) (2009)

Joe Costello TD LUXEMBOURG José Socrates Joakim Stymne Minister of State for Trade and Development Prime Minister State Secretary to the Minister for (2012, 2013) (2007) International Development Cooperation Marie-Josée Jacobs (2009) Minister for Development Cooperation (2010, 2012) ITALY SLOVAKIA UNITED KINGDOM Jean-Louis Schiltz Staffan De Mistura Minister for Development Cooperation Undersecretary of State for Foreign Affairs (2006, 2008) Olga Algayerova hIlary Benn (2012) Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Secretary of State for (2008, 2009) International Development (2006) Alfredo Luigi Mantica The Netherlands State Secretary for Foreign Affairs Peter Burian (2008) State Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs andrew Mitchell

Bert Koenders (2012) Secretary of State for International Development Patrizia Sentinelli Minister for Development Cooperation (2009) (2010) Deputy Minister for Development Cooperation SLOVENIA (2006) gareth Thomas POLAND Under-Secretary of State for International Development Dragoljuba Benčina (2007) LATVIA State Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Jan Krzysztof Bielecki (2011) Former Prime Minister of Poland Michael Foster (2011) Ģirts Valdis Kristovskis Božo Cerar Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State Secretary and acting Minister for Development State for International Development Minister of Foreign Affairs, Latvia (2008) (2010) Bronisław Komorowski Cooperation and Humanitarian Aid (2012) President of the Republic (2011) lynne Featherstone Andrej Šter Parliamentary Under-Secretary Jerzy Pomianowski State Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of State for International Development Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs (2007) (2012) (2006, 2011, 2013)

Jože Mencinger krzysztof Stanowski Former Minister of Economy Undersecretary of State (2009) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2010, 2011)

138 - Voices 139 Member States

MEMBER STATE DEVELOPMENT AGENCY MEMBER STATE MINISTRY

Christoph Beier Juan Pablo de Laiglesia Uta Böllhoff aDolf Kloke-Lesch Vice-Chair, Management Board, Secretary General, Spanish Agency Director-General, European, Middle East and Asia policy Director-General, Department for Development Deutsche Gesellschaft für for International Co-operation Multilateral Development Policy, Federal Ministry for Cooperation, Federal Ministry for Economic Internationale Zusammenarbeit (2006, 2008) Economic Co-operation and Development, Germany Cooperation and Development, Germany (2011) (2012) (2009) anders Nordström Augusto Manuel Correia Director-General, Swedish Jean-Marc Chataigner Jon Lomøy President, Portuguese Institute International Development Cooperation Agency Deputy Director-General, Department of Global Affairs Deputy Director-General, Department for Regional Affairs for Development Assistance (2009) Development and Partnerships, Ministry of Foreign and Development, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway (2009) and European Affairs, France (2006) (2012) Brigitte Oppinger-Walchshofer Dirk Elsen Managing Director, anton Mair Chief Executive, SNV Netherlands Austrian Development Agency Martin Dahinden Deputy Director-General, Department for Development Development Organisation (2009) Director-General, Swiss Agency for Cooperation, Federal Ministry for European and (2010) Development and Cooperation International Affairs, Austria (2011, 2012) (2010) Jean-Michel Severino Bernd Eisenblätter Director-General, Agence française Chairman, Management Board de développement Anne-Marie Descôtes christian Masset Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010) Director-General, Department of Global Affairs, Director-General, Department of Global Affairs, Zusammenarbeit Development and Partnerships, Ministry of Foreign Development and Partnerships, Ministry of Foreign (2009, 2010) and European Affairs, France and European Affairs, France allert Van den Ham (2013) (2010) Chief Executive, SNV Netherlands Tanja Gönner Development Organisation Chair, Management Board (2012) Martin Dinham pETEr Moors Deutsche Gesellschaft für Director-General, Department for International Director-General, Directorate-General for Development Internationale Zusammenarbeit Development, United Kingdom Cooperation, Federal Public Service for Foreign Affairs, (2012) (2009) Belgium (2010) Irene Freudenschuss-Reichl Director-General, Department for Development gEorges Serres Cooperation, Federal Ministry for European and Deputy Director-General, Department of Global Affairs International Affairs, Austria Development and Partnerships, Ministry of Foreign (2009) and European Affairs, France (2009, 2010) Anne Gazeau-Secret Director-General, Department of International Cooperation for Development, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, France (2007)

140 - Voices 141 European Institutions

As Europe’s premier forum on College EUROPEAN COMMISSION development cooperation, European Development Days brings together the European development actors for discussions, meetings, best José Manuel Barroso Jerzy Bogdan Plewa christian Leffler practice exchanges and networking President of the European Commission Director-General, Directorate-General Deputy Director-General, Directorate- (2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013) for Agriculture and Rural Development General for Development and Relations opportunities. (2013) with African, Caribbean and Pacific States (2010) karel De Gucht All the European institutions have been European Commissioner for Development Antonio Cavaco and Humanitarian Aid Director-General for Humanitarian Aid sTEFano Manservisi represented at the highest level. At (2009) (2007) Director-General, Directorate-General for the European Commission, the forum Development and Relations with African, Caribbean and Pacific States has engaged with many departments Ján Figeľ Marcus Cornaro (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009) European Commissioner for Employment Deputy Director-General, Directorate General for of the European Commission, (2008) Development and Cooperation – EuropeAid namely agriculture, humanitarian aid, (2012, 2013) Bernard Petit Deputy Director-General, Directorate- development and external relations. kristalina Georgieva General for Development and Relations EU Commissioner for International Cooperation, Jonathan Faull with African, Caribbean and Pacific States Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response Director-General, Directorate-General (2006, 2007, 2008) (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013) for Justice, Freedom and Security (2006) koos Richelle connie Hedegaard Director-General, EuropeAid EU Commissioner for Climate Action Fokion Fotiadis (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010) (2009) Director-General, Directorate-General for Development and Relations with African, Caribbean and Pacific States klaus Rudischhauser Danuta Hübner (2010) Deputy Director-General, Directorate- European Commissioner for Regional Policy General for Development and (2008) Cooperation – EuropeAid Fernando Frutuoso de Melo (2012, 2013) Director-General, Directorate-General pETEr Mandelson for Development and Cooperation – EuropeAid European Commissioner for Trade (2013) claus Sørensen (2006) Director-General, Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Karel Kovanda (2013) louis Michel Deputy Director-General, Directorate- European Commissioner for Development General for External Relations and Humanitarian Aid (2006) sTEFFEn Stenberg (2006, 2007, 2008) Deputy Director-General, European Commission Humanitarian Office (2009) andris Piebalgs EU Commissioner for Development (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013)

Margot Wallström Vice-President, European Commission (2009)

142 - Voices 143 European Institutions

European External Action Service Committee of the Regions European Investment Bank

Mara Marinaki Mercedes Bresso Tamsyn Barton Managing Director for Global First Vice-President Director-General for Operations (2012, 2013) and Multilateral Issues Outside the European Union (2013) (2010, 2011, 2012) István Sértö-Radics Maciej Popowski Chair, Commission for External Affairs Plutarchos Sakellaris Deputy Secretary-General and Decentralised Cooperation Vice-President (2011) (2008) (2010)

Pierre Vimont gErard Stahl Secretary-General Secretary-General (2010) (2009, 2010, 2012) European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Nick Westcott lUc Van Den Brande Managing Director for Africa President (2012, 2013) (2008) Brigita Schmögnerovà Vice-President (2009)

European Economic and Social Committee

sandy Boyle Vice-President External Relations Section (2009)

Brenda King President, ACP-EU Follow-up Committee (2012)

144 - Voices 145 Global Partners United Nations Funds and Programmes Specialised Agencies

Antonio Maria Costa lEnnart Båge The commitment to effective Executive Director, United Nations President, International Fund for Agricultural Development United Nations Secretariat Office on Drugs and Crime (2007) multilateralism, with the United Nations (2006) at its core, is a central element of the Jose Antonio Ocampo yvo De Boer European Union’s external policy. Under-Secretary General, Richard Dictus Executive Secretary, United Nations Framework United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Executive Coordinator, United Nations Volunteers Convention on Climate Change This commitment is rooted in the (2006) (2013) (2007) conviction that to be able respond to carissa F. Etienne global crises, challenges and threats, Jan Eliasson Arancha González Assistant Director-General for Health United Nations Executive Director, Systems and Services, World Health Organization International Trade Centre the international community needs an Deputy Secretary-General (2010) efficient multilateral system, founded (2013) (2013) on universal rules and values. José Graziano Da Silva Mark Malloch-Brown Filippo Grandi Director-General, Food and Agriculture Organization United Nations Commissioner-General (2012) Deputy Secretary General United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine European Development Days has (2006) Refugees in the Near East (2010) Michel Jarraud proudly welcomed a very high level Secretary General, World Meteorological Organization of participation from most – if not all Flavia Pansieri (2007) United Nations Deputy High John Hendra – United Nations agencies, funds and Commissioner for Human Rights Deputy Executive Director, United Nations Women Michel Kazatchkine programmes. In 2013, the European (2013) (2012, 2013) Executive Director, Global Fund to Fight against AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Union jointly celebrated with the cheick Sidi Diarra Thoraya Ahmed Obaid (2008, 2009) United Nation’s Office of the High United Nations High Representative for Least Executive Director, United Nations Population Fund Developed Countries, Landlocked (2009) Michel Sidibé Commissioner for Human Rights the Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States Executive Director, United Nations 20th anniversary of its creation and the (2010) Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS David Morrison (2009) launch of EU cooperation in the field of Executive Secretary, United Nations Capital Development Fund human rights. (2010) annika Söder United Nations Development ProgrammE Deputy Director-General, e Food and Agriculture Organisation European Development Days has Kandeh Yumkella (2009) hElen Clark Director-General, United Nations served to engage with international Administrator IndustrialDevelopment Organisation Josette Sheeran (2009) (2006, 2012) Executive Director, World Food Programme organisations, whether area-focused, (2007) regional or linguistic. kEMal Derviş Administrator United Nations Environment Programme nouréini Tidjani-Serpos (2007) Deputy Director-General, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (2007) rEBEca Grynspan Angela Cropper Associate Administrator Deputy Executive Director (2010, 2011) (2009)

United Nations Human Settlements Programme sIgrid Kaag Amina Mohamed Assistant Administrator,Director of Partnerships Deputy Executive Director (2012) (2012) aIsa Kirabo Kacyira Deputy Executive Director (2013) Achim Steiner Executive Director (2007) anna Tibaijuka Executive Director (2007, 2009)

146 - Voices 147 Global Partners

The World Bank Group Organisation for Economic African Union African, Caribbean and Pacific States Secretariat Co-Operation and Development

Caroline Anstey Saïd Djinnit Mohamed Ibn Chambas Managing Director Brian J. Atwood African Union Commissioner for Peace and Security Secretary-General, Secretariat of African, Caribbean (2010, 2012) Chair, Development Assistance Committee (2006) and Pacific States (2010, 2011) (2011) Janamitra Devan Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma Vice-President for Financial rIchard Manning hansjörg Neun Chairperson, Commission of the African Union Director, Technical Centre for Agricultural and Private Sector Development Chair, Development Assistance Committee (2013) (2012) (2006) and Rural Cooperation (2009) Shantayanan Devarajan Erik Solheim Bernard Kouassi Chief Economist for the Africa Region Chair, Development Assistance Committee Executive Director, ahmed Sow (2009) (2013) African Peer Review Mechanism Director, Centre for the Development of Enterprise (2006) (2006) Tilman Ehrbeck Chief Executive Officer, Japan International Cooperation Agency Erastus Mwencha Consultative Group to Assist the Poor Deputy Chairperson, League of Arab States (2013) Commission of the African Union (2009, 2010, 2011) Masato Watanabe aMr Moussa Jyrki Koskelo Vice-President Secretary-General Vice-President for Global Industries, (2012) Akere Muna International Finance Corporation League of Arab States President, Economic Social (2009) (2010) and Cultural Council of the African Union United States Agency (2009) Danny Leipziger for International Development Vice-President for Poverty Reduction Commonwealth Secretariat and Economic Management Firmino Mucavele (2008) Executive Head, Secretariat of the hENRIETTA HOLSMAN FORE New Economic Partnership for African Development Administrator (2006) Florence Mugasha Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (2008) Deputy Director-General, Managing Director Commonwealth Secretariat (2009) Jean Ping (2006) Chairperson, Commission of the African Union Katherine Sierra World Trade Organization (2008) Vice-President for Sustainable Development International Organization for Migration (2007, 2009) valentine Sendanyoye Rugwabiza nDIoro N'diaye Paul Wolfowitz Deputy Director-General, World Trade Organization Deputy Director-General, (2007) Regional Development Banks President International Organization for Migration (2006) (2006, 2007) Donald Kaberuka President International Monetary Fund African Development Bank Organisation internationale (2006, 2008, 2009, 2010) de la Francophonie

Dominique Strauss-Kahn Roberto Vellutini aBDou Diouf Managing Director Vice-President for Countries, Secretary-General, Organisation (2009, 2010) Inter-American Development Bank internationale de la francophonie (2012) (2006, 2008)

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