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j- I • , I ■ WILLIAMSON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY
PUBLICATION Number 14
Spring 1983
Published by-
Williamson County Historical Society I Franklin, n 3 TennesseeT( 1983 WILLIAMSON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY
'i ' PUBLICATION Number 14
Spring 1983
Published by the Williamson County Historical Society
EDITOR: George F, Watson
OFFICERS
President A. Battle Rodes 1st Vice-President Mrs. William J. Darby 2nd Vice-President George F. Watson Treasurer Herman Major Recording Secretary Mrs. Harry Batey Corresponding Secretary Mrs. Cornelia Holland
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE George F. Watson Mrs. Louise G. Lynch T. Vance Little Mrs. Virginia G. Watson Mrs. Katharine S. Trickey
The WILLIAMSON COUNTY_HISTORICAL SOCIETY PUBLICATION is sent to all members of the Williamson County Historical Society. The annual membership dues are $8.00, which includes this -publication and a frequent NEWSLETTER to all members.
Correspondence concerning additional copies of the WILLIAMSON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY PUBLICATION should be addressed to Mrs. Clyde Lynch, Route 10, Franklin, Tennessee 37064.
Contributions to future issues of, the WILLIAMSON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY PUBLICATION should be addressed to T. Vance Little, Beech Grove Farm, Route 1, Brentwood, Tennessee 37027. Correspondence concerning membership and payment of dues should be addressed to Herman Major, Treasurer, P. 0. Box 71, Franklin, Tennessee 37064. PRESIDENT'S REPORT
"Where is the heart that does not keep. Within its inmost core. Some fond remcnibrancc hidden deep. Of days that are no more"
^ The publication is a fine history and record of Williamson County and its people, 1 wish to compliment the untiring and expert work of the publication committee: Mr. George Watson, Editor; Mrs. Louise Lynch; Mrs. Virginia VJatson; Mrs. Katharine Trickey; Mr. Vance Little, Mrs. William Darby, Chairman of the Program Committee, and her committee have provided us with eight most interesting and informative programs: Sept. - Harpeth Presbyterian Church History at the Church Oct. - Show and Tell program at the U. S. Bank. / Nov. - Covered dish dinner at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Battle Rodes with program of music and stories of olden times by Mildred Stoves and John Beasley. Dec. - Christmas program of music and dinner at Vance Little's. March - Carter House and Museum; Dr. Rosalie Carter, speaker. April - Annual awards banquet at Maryland Farms Raquet Club; awards and talk by Miss Louise Davis. May - Planning picnic at Belleview Church with Belleview Historical Society. June - Planning trip to Jonesboro and Greeneville, Tennessee with Greeneville Historical Society. We have had a very wonderful year for all of us who have a love for and a keen interest in the history of our county. It has been a pleasure and an honor to serve as your President, and 1 wish to thank the officers and members of the Executive Committee, and the many others who have contributed so much to make this another memorable year for the Society.
A. Battle Rodes President, WCHS, 1982-83 FOR SALE
The. following publications on'Williamson'County, Tennessee, are for sale by:
Mrs, Clyde Lynch Route.10 Franklin, Tennessee 37064
The following Williamson County Historical Society Publications are: Publication #1, Publication #4, Publication ifQ, PubTication #8, and Publication #10 - OUT OF PRINT Publication The Crockett House-, The Battle of Franklin j Memories of Sunny Side School^ Mt. Zion Methodist Episcopal Church; Sumner's Knob; The Tenth Tennessee's "Battle Flag" - $4. 00 + 75 Other available' publications are as .follows: 1840 Census Of Williamson County, Tennessee - $8.50 + 75# postage. 1850 Census Of Williamson Cpunty, Tennessee - $10.00 + 7 5-# postage. Bible-Records of Williamson County,.Tennessee, Vol. 2 - $10. 00 + 75.# postage. Count-y Court Of Williamson County, Tennessee Lawsuits (1821-187.2) - Books 2 through 8 - This book contains many important records. There are many lawsuits PS'titioning the court to partition property. The names of fbe heirs are given, sometimes even the date of death of the person leaving the property. In a few instances, the complete wills are included in the original books, even though they died in another state. - ■ $12.50 + 75# postage. Directory of Williamson County, Tennessee Burials, Vol. 1 - The gravestone records were collected by the members of the Williamson County Historical Society and include many old graveyards from all over the county. - $15.00 + 75# postage. Directory of Williamson County, Tennessee Burials, Vol. 2 - This.book^has,the records of burials.in the Mt. Hope ,1 Cemetery in Franklin and many small•graveyards over ^ the county that were not included in the first f book. - $15. 00 + 75 A < WILLIAMSON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY PUBLICATION NO. 14 Spring 1983 CONTENTS Page The Midnight Sun Still Shines At The Harlinsdale' Farm by Kay S. Trickey 1 Williamson County Voter List, District 8^ 1861 by Dr. Earl J. Smith contributed by Mrs. Eleanor ,D. Pewitt 5 The Williamson County Oteys by Flem Brown Otey III ~ 9 Jamison Bedding, Inc., Franklin, Tennessee^ One Hundred Years Old by the Public Relations Department 17 Letters From Arkansas by Thomas Vance Little ' 21 Williamson County And The Mail To 1862 by George F. Watson 51 Thweatt Family Of VJilliamson County by Gary Alan Webb 59 A Gentleman Of The Gentry - Meredith P. Gentry by Susie Gentry contributed by Gale Pewitt 69 Middle Tennessee Trilobite by John 0. Gaultney 73 If The Boot Fits - It's A Durango by Patsy S, Meek 81 The O'More College Of Design; A History by Peter Jordan 85 The Copelands Of Williamson County by Virginia Copeland Jantz 99 Maps And Their Uses by Charlie Hailey \ 107 Nan Rodgers Chapman's Legacy by Richard Warwick 109 Four Families Recollect Some Harpeth Presbyterian Church History by Sally Rodes Lee 113 Contributors 121 Index 125 ¥ mm mm m mmii . .V -Iv. ;ri*«. .. < : 1Sl !8»."»iBP®^?%v'.j>ffe"-' '■ MIDNIGHT SUN 410751 1940-1965 ; .i ■T-.'-'X ^ , "• -^ ..V' ta ■-'• * * .•-*'* •■ .VI-i jTr- Harlinsdale Farm jit Franklin, TN. M s * S . PRIDE OF MIDNIGHT 661459 I • } 196G-I979 Harlinsdale Farm Franklin. TN. -ft. 1^' mi ■ • -a-i--:.-:. '-^ '. ^ ■ ^- '9C^ f' IS? V r f-,* t? »'ti V PRIDE'S GENIUS Harlinsdale Farm Franklin. Tn. 1 »-* I o r i, '..--i # 4& .. ■ ' •fi:n.' Tombstone of Midnight Sun, He is buried on the ViD\rU Tf Harlinsdale Farm not fa'r from his favorite stallo THE.MIDNIGHT SUN STILL SHINES AT THE HARLINSDALE FARM '' 1 I As told to Kzy S, Trickey by .W. V7. Harlin, Jr. - v 'i ^ . OveJ? on Franklin Road, within the city limits of the town of Franklin, is the 475 acres comprising the Harlinsdale Farm. Tucked in a corner not far from the barn where he lived is a tomb stone- erected in the memory of Midnight Sun, one of the farm's most.famous residents. The inscription reads: s. Midnight Sun no. 410751 the horse of the century 1940-1965 the champion under saddle the champion as a sire the champion of the breed Today, Harlinsdale Farm is covered up with-the sons, grand sons and great-grandsons of .Midnight Sun.' They come in all'ages, sizes and colors with one thing in common -- they are all mighty ¥ handsome horse flesh. .Right now the Harlin brothers. Bill, Tom." ■ and .Bob, have around ISO horses but later-, after all the birthing, tioarding, and training, that number could jump up to 250 or 300. ■ This whole operation began back in 1935, when the father and mother of the Harlin boys -- Wirt and Luella -- bought the land. They- named it Harlinsdale Farm and now they are sitting back and watching it still prosper under the direction of their three sons. ' The breed called the "Walking Horse" is fairly new and took" many years and. muph planning to develop. The Morgan and the Thoroughbred were the only established breeds in America in the early 1800's although others were beginning to make themselves known, For instance, many stallions were brought to middle Tenn-' essee and crossed with native mares which, in turn, produced the Tennessee Pacer. ■ . • ■ ., Actually, the Pacer could be said to-be like a bed of hot" coals from which a new breed, the 'Walking Horse, could flare at any time if the right .kindling was used. The-Walking Horse-could ' have been a breed long before the early 1900's if it hadn't been for the-well known struggle between the North and South.' During that period,- the • horse population was well depleted throughout .the .South -by both-, sides. By the time 1865 rolled'- - - 2 around many stables had to start all over again. In developing the Walking Horse it was awfully hard to find proof that one horse who had many of the attributes of the Walking Horse, could then in turn produce more just like him. ■ .Things were moving pretty slow until along came a very unpretentious looking little black stallion by the name of Allan,, Allan didn't' seem to have much of a future at first. He was certainly a fast horse but not quite fast enough to do much bragging about. Then, too, he was small and, as far as anyone could see, could not produce ac ceptable colts. ■^-H3.n was traded many times and finally landed at the farm of ^J's.mes Lrantley in Coffee County, Mr. Brantley had gone to buy a jack and the little black .stallion was thrown in -- both for the sum of $110,00. - " Allan was a gentle dependable horse and just about anyone cou±d ride him. Pretty soon, people noticed his chief gait under saddle' was d running walk that wouldn't ruffle' a hair on anyone's head. When the boys of the Lynchburg community ran him in impromptu races, little Allan could pace faster than most horses ' could gallop. Now that began to show people something and m^ke them' do some thinking.: Later on as Allan began to be bred, it was easily seen that his'-greatest reputation was going to be as the sire of gpod, saddle horses, lime has proven Allan to.be the greatest single moving force in the establishment of the much desired Walking Horse, Allan sired his'most important get between 1903 and 1910, when he died- During the lifetime of. Allan F-1, as he was later ■ called, there were a few "doubting Thomas among' the horse breeding . crowd, They could not believe Allan was the missing ingredient, needed to establish the Tennessee Walking Horse, , Brantley decided he would nip that misguided idea in the.bud. He took his red roan mare named. Gertrude and bred her with Allan.,, Out Came a colt named, Rpan Allen; later referred fo as Roan Allen 'F-'SS -- who proved .to be. the best' performer and sire middle. Tennessee had yet to' see, From then on, Allan F-il-and his-offspring Roan'Allen Ft3.8 - made true believers of. thd .Walking .Horse crowd. No other "family ■ . of saddle horses has,ever been, able to -put a dent into the dominance of the Aliens. They are the first horses -of the world- to share the -blood of the curr;ent day Walking Horses. ■ _ Many great horses- have come from the Allen line -- one of the gr.eatest being great-grandson. Midnight Sun of Harlinsdale Farm. Born in the spring of ISM-O, Joe' Lewis Allen, as Midnight Sun ■ was first called, was virtually ignored as buyers came flocking to the Hendrixson farm- to buy a crop of. Allen colts..- But being an. Allen colt didn't help Joe Lewis -- he was a gangling black stallion and as ugly ,as "home.-made sin.": Anyone-looking at Joe couldn't help but laugh because he was too big, too awkward and too black. - Back then, black was not a ■ popialar color for Walking Horses. It took-something like Midnight Sun to change that way of thinking. In 194-3, Wirt Harlin got the word from a Henry Davis that Joe Lewis was the buy of the century. Sure, he-was big, clumsy.and plain but he was one -terrific, old time saddle horse. Davis also ■ predicted that the black horse would put Harlinsdale Farm on the f map. ■As far as Wirt was concerned, enough had been said-.- He and his. brother Alex bought the horse for the paltry sum of-$4,400,A . changed his name to Midnight Sun and then saw-Harlinsdale Farm go dn the map in capital letters. In 1945 and '46, Midnight Sun was unbeatable. .Under the tutelage of Fred Walker, the "black as a crow", stallion got his act together -- and it was, some act. He vion the Wor.ld Grand Championship, both, years. ■ - - - .- ■ In the 1950's, Dr. F. L. Rogers wrote that very few Walking. Horses could do all three gaits perfectly. However, there were, a few exceptions, one- being Midnight Sun, ^ . ■ -L., ' . ■ - According to Dr. Rogers, "He (Midnight-Sun) seemed-to pound- a hole in the ground as-, he .rolled along...... He attracted and-held your eye as he. steadily yet untiringly moved around the ring-. .. .," Not only was Midnight Sun a champion, but. he was the gentlest of horses. He was what has been called a caring horse and a baby would have been safe on his back. Pretty soon, to the satisfaction of both Midnight Sun and harlinsdale Farm, the black stallion's offspring were dominating Walking Horse shows. In 1949, a daughter of Midnight Sun was S ■ World Grand Champion. From ISi+S to 1983 , only four horses have been champions who were not either first, second, or third generation descendants of Midnight Sun. . In..recent years, the genes of Midnight Sun have been found in the,, pedigrees of the champions more- than once, ; After. Midnight Sun was retired from showing, Harlinsdale Farm concentrated on horse breeding activities and has been the home of many leading sir.es.' In fact. Midnight Sun's record as, a sire, will, in all probability, never be surpassed. One of' the more-.notable offsprings is Pride of Midnight who died in 1979. But let no one e.ver forget Midnight Merry,. Talk of the Town, Sun's Jet Parade, Setting Sun. and Sun's Delight D. -- to name a few of the , World Champions from Midnight Sun, Harlinsdale Farm got a lot of help in picking good horses' from Harlin Hayes, who was a nephew of Wirt Harlin, Sr. Hayes was widely recognized' as being the best judge of horse talent of any one around, 'When Harlin Hayes died in 1980 , it vjas then the management of the. Farm was turned over to Wirt's three sons. Wirt Sr., was very interested in showing Walking Horses as we'll as bree.ding and training them. When the Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders Association-Registry was formed in 1935, Wirt was one of the charter members. Later he worked with Henry Davis of Wartrace to have the Walking Horse National Celebration held at Shelbyville' permanently. In 19,48', the .VJalking Horse Show was moved to its present location and its permanent one. It now appears that Harlinsdale will have a second very . successful -history with the offspring of Midnight Sun, Five out standing stallions, who, are the Sun's.grandsons and^who will undoubtedly help make that second history, are Pride's Fashion, Pri'de'^'s Hallelujah-, Premier Delight, Pride's Beam, and Pride's G'ehius'. - All these grandsons are, already stake winners. , Through these horses and- many . others the light that came, from Midnight Sun' will, shine -on and "-on at:.Harlinsdale..-Farm.' VJILLIAMSOiN COUNTY VOTER' LIST District 8 - 1861 Contributed by Mrs. Eleanor D. Pewitt v/ith introduction by \Dr. Earl J. Smith The sectional strains which finally pitted South against North in our epic Civil War peaked in 1860 and 1861= The election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States in 1860. on the Republican platform, which opposed the extension of slavery into the territories, led to South Carolina's secession from the Union in December of 1860= Six other states in the. lower south left the Union early in 1861. Tennesseans, like Virginians and other people from the upper south, found abandoning old political allegiances to be more difficult. In November of 1860„the Volunteer State voted for John Bell, a iennessean and a well known .Unionist, for president. In February of 1861, Tennesseans voted 68,000 to 59,000 against holding a convention which would consider secession. Not until June of 1861, after the bombardment of Fort Sumter and President Lincoln's call for Tennessee troops to help suppress the insur- rection, did our state finally and overwhelmingly vote for secession. The following documients, contributed by Mrs. Pewitt, present the-election results in the Eighth Civil District of Williamson Countyy-'north of Franklin and- south of Brentwoodj on February 9, 1861. Forty-seven of the fifty-eight voters cast ballots against holding a conventipn "to consider the existing relations ''between the government of the United States and the people of the State of Tennessee''. The people also c.hose delegates to the con vention", in case a convention was held. John Marshall, who re ceived forty-eight votes as a delegate from the senatorial dis trict, was opposed to ..secession at this time. Presumedly the other delegates receiving.forty-eight votes, in the house and county races, also opposed secession-in February. Williamson County as a whole voted strongly against secession, but political sentiment shifted radically from February to June. A list of the number of votes polled in the 8th district for Candidates for the Convention.and for and against a convention on the, 9 day of Feb. 1861. 1. Hardin Crenshaw 30. E. W. Vaught 2. Jno o .L McEwen, Sr, 31, Wm. J. Lane 3o James F. McKay ,3,2. J. J. Grimes 4. John Ho Crockett 33.' H, T. Parrish 5. James McEwen 34. James A. Hill 6. Jno. L."McEwen3 Jr. ,35. Richard Button ' 7. - Robt. H. McKay ■ '35. Martin S: Little, 8. John Murphy 37,.' James Collins 9. ■'John P. McKay 3 8.. R. B. Caro.thers 10. Thos. H, McKay 39. James Gatlin ' 11. Robt. S. Ballow 40, Alexander Moore 12. Hartwell Gresham 41'. G. R. Richardson 13. William A. McKay 42. R. H. Owen 14. Augustus Pate 43. John W,. Guthrie, 15. John C. McDowell 44. Willis R. Johnson IB.- ■ T-., D, Cartright 45. Horatio McDaniel 17. Robt. S. Buchanan 46. VJm. C. McKay 18.' Jno, M; Cartright 47. Thomas H. Bradley 19. James Pinkerton 48. A. J'. Pinkerton 20. ,Jno. M, Stanley 49. J. H., Reed 21. John Cartright 50-. R. M. Croo,k 22. .Joseph Horn 51. R, M. McDaniel 23. John B. Beech 52. Abraham Little 24.' "Isaac N. Stanley 53. C, E. McEwen' 25. Charles Peach 54. Hardin Pate 26. L. B. Maney 55. Richard Whitley 27. William Hughes 56. Thomas Tillett 28. James M. Nicholson 57. J. W. Johnson 29. John P. Waller SB'. B. VJ. Lane We, the undersigned judges of an election, held in the 8th District of VJilliamson County, State of • Tennessee, being duly sworn, opened the polls for said election on this the 9th day of,February .A.D, 1861 in the precinct of said district ac- ■ cording to law. When the votes being counted eleven votes were given for "Convention" and forty seven votes were given for !'No Convention", and forty eight votes were given for John Marshall and ten votes were given for Bam Rucker for the senatorial district composed ,of Williamson and Rutherford Countie,s-.and f.orty eight votes were 'given'for A. M.' Hughes and 'ten ,yotes were given for L. ■ D-. Myers for the floating dis trict compdsed Cf Williamson Maury and Lewis Counties and ' forty eight votes were given for'John S. Claybrook for the. ,County of Williamson, a:s delegates fo■ a,'st.ate,,convention to be''held 'in' 'Nashville on the,. ,25th. Inst. We certiify the .above to'"be ' Correct., the . day aijid, date above written. .r A. Moore John A, McKay James F. McKay Convention 11 No Convention 47 John Marshall 48 A. Mo Hughes 48 John So Claybrooke 48 Sam Rucker 10 Lo Do Myers 10 We the undersigned, Clerks of an election, held at the precinct of the 8th Civil District for Williamson County Tennessee, being appointed and duly sworn to certify that the above is a true and correct list of the names of voters and of votes given. Feby. 9, 1861 Jo Lo McEwen Jr. Go R, Richardson Clerk S C r % THE- WILLIAMSON COUNTY OTEYS By: Flem Brown Otey III ' My namesake is Flamming Browning Otey. I am Flem Brown Otey III. My son is Flem Brown Otey IV. If the names had not been shortened three generations ago, he would be Flamming the Fifth or Sixth 'depending on how you counted the Juniors. More import antly, vje have .cousins and second cousins whose names, are. James H., John H., William, and Malinda. These are all namesakes.of■the original line of Oteys from Franklin, Tennessee. These and other names keep recurring throughout, our family tree -- the family, orchard -- to be more realistic. Most Americans can claim mixtures of various stocks from other shores who arrived here as immigrants or indentured servants.or in shackles. Alex Haley's ROOTS brought out dignity and pride in all Americans of mixed-up heritages. But more importantly it gave a sense of well being and renewed, desire to discover one's ' roots no matter what the outcome -- the more variety the better. So my forays into the family history has received a warm reception by all those I encountered, be they librarians at home or strangers in far away places. Another side of the coin, however, is the lack of concrete materials. Memories are short, and the tedious work simply thwarts the best intentions of some key re sources in our oral family history/archives. It looks as if I will need a larger computer to sort even the little bit of in formation I do have. The clues. in name similarities are well known enough to trace yet elusive enough to be intriguing. Recurrent family and given names in the Otey family are not many. They include the following: FE^jALE ,»iALE FAMILY NAMES halinda Mattie Fleiraning Flem John Otey Otie Obie Elizabeth Pheobe James VJilliam Richard Patten .White Greene Susannah Elnora " Ford Inman Scott Hue Dixon Pitt Emma Louise Hugh Hervey Oscar Lockett BoWian Fannie Johnny Calvin Frank Joseph Washington . Magavock Maggie Helen Carrie Jonah Ike Andrew Southhall Carter Sarah Janie Annie , ' Andrew Ebenezer Cordon Johnson Maggie Anna Lou Charlie Porter. Daniels Blaine ! Hittiard Henrietta Bubber Russell Hughes Howard Ida Julia Martha Frank Essex Hudson Mitchell Piary Jane Edmonia " Woldridge Stevens 10 FEI^iALE . MALE ■ ■ FAiyllLY NAMES Marjorie Sally Alice Sadie Mollie Mallie Dalliah Katie ■ In' order to picttird the family, let us imagine an orchard containing peach trees and plum trees in the middle of Franklin, Tennessee. The branches intertwine and stretch northward' to Nash ville, ■Tennessee. The roots intertwine and wind down southward to■Mohteagle, Tennessee, and all the way past Wythville, Virginia 3 across the ocean to the Nobility of London England. Here is the mystery with which I was confronted. One set of Oteys arrived in Franklin, Tennessee, before the Civil War. Another set of Oteys departed from Franklin, Tennessee, after the Civil War. The first were white the second black, with mulatoes and Indians in betweeni The first set were assumed to be white since "no color is noted. The second set were noted in the census, assuming some relationship existed between the two sets of' 'Oteys, after the war as "mullato" ' and others as "black". What happened? Where is the' missing link? 'Bishop James 'Hervey Otey came to Franklin and founded the First Episcopal ■ Church. The Tennessean newspaper states the Rev. ■ james' Otey established Christ' Episcopal' Church in Nashville in 1829. The same article notes that a Catholic Mass was held for 60 Irish laborers May 11, 1821 and that a lot for a church was donated which' was located on Cedar Knob, now Capitol Hill. Books in the Nashville Library indicate that there were two Oteys on the Union side in the' Civil War and two Oteys on the Confederate side, 'Before the War between the States the Oteys lived on the White side' of town. After the'War between "the States they moved to the Black side of town. Grandmother Mattie Green Otey and her mother-in-law, great-grandmother Malinda Southhall Otey were, mid-wives on the, White; side of town.. Great-g'randfather Flemming Browning Otey Was a carpenter, gra'ndfather Flem Brown Qtey , , ; (Sr. the 1st) waS' .a-pullman chef on the rai'lroad (between- Chicago, Louisville,' Nas'hvilie,! Frankli'h, Chattanooga and Florida).,- The Otey :namei has-a prominent black heritage. •Ironically, the black iden't,|ty, is the most difficult to trace becau.se these African ties were--all-lost, abandoned or 'amalgamated'during m k2 t ^' nQ U»42c ' 1^ r '£. |3C%-X'* fm tv.-'i fS 4? m ■cM r » af'-f r-fi & mf m^- w f ♦ m%1 %% Jt:; FAI'IILY REUNION Location: Residence,of Joe and Hatie Carter - 3307 Charlotte Pike - Nash- ville, Tennessee. Date; Monday, September 3, 1917 (Labor Day) FRONT ROW - left to right - seated on ground 1. Unknown 7 Andrew J. Steele 2. Emma Louise l-Jhite 8 Wilbur Cartwright 3. Fannie Daniels 9 4. Johnny Dungey (girl) James R. White 10 Willie Daniels 5. Maggie Daniels 11 Russell Otey 6. John Hughes, Jr. SECOND ROW: 1. Alec Green Lytle 9. One in front John Daniels 2. Helen Howard 10. One in arms Joseph Daniels 3. Charlie Howard 11. Ida Lytle 4. Carrie R. lA/hite 12. Ida Porter Southall 5. Sarah Lee 13. Malinda S. Otey 6. Porter Carter 14. Malinda Lois Otey Reese 7. Child in front Janie Annie Daniels 15. Annie James Otey in her lap S. Maggie Daniels f THIRD ROW: 1. Anna Lou Howard (Toots) 2. Sadie Elaine (Tot) 3. Mrs. Mallie Johnson, (mother of Mattie B. Johnson) 4. Katie Carter 5. Hilliard Southall 6. Joe Carter 7. Henrietta Otey Hughes 8. Julia Otey Hudson n, Fannie Louise Young Woldridge 9. Martha Southall 12. Mary Jane Otey wife of Oscar 10. Fannie Southall Farmer Otey (Bubber) FOURTH ROW: 1. Willie Louise Woldridge 10. Ebenezer Johnson (Miss Mattie 2. John T. Cartwright B. Johnson's father) 3. Edmonia S. White 11. Sally Otey Cartwright 4. Marjorie Howard 12. Thomas Gordon Patton 5. Annie Mitchell 13. Alice Otey Patton 6. Unknown j 14. Delliah Otey (Russell's wife) 7. Rev. Thomas Patton 15. Hugh Southall 8. Katie Stevens 9. Jimmy Stevens slavery and the upheavals of the War between the States. The Otey name is not as popular as say Jones or Williams so it is easier to distinguish us in the phone books. Yet even with only five or six Otey names in the phone book they may be two unrelated sets or at least they know of no immediate kinship. The same is as true in Virginia as it is in Tennessee. Be that as it may our family does have an interest in George Washington. At our family reunion, cousin Ophelia Lockett tells us of the times when she was a little girl and visited Greenbrier Plantation at Mount Vernon, the birthplace of her mother. She said our folks were the house servants. They were the artisans and brick masons and carpenters, but not the field hands. It is interesting that the helpers were usually called servants rather than slaves. It was at this fancy plantation that Joe Green,"Sr. met his bride Sadie Washington, the house maid and supposed daughter or granddaughter of President George Washington. Joe Green was the horse carriage driver, special chauffeur and blacksmith for the VJashington family. My granduncle Joe Green,, grandson of the original, handcrafted me a guitar and taught me some chords. His sister Mattie Greene was my father's mother. One of his|brothers, Ford Greene, was principal of the first black high school 'in Nashville and the elementary school I attended was named after him. Another brother Inman Edward Greene, was a self made Evangelist and businessman. He founded Green's Grocery in 1904. My brother was named after him and he now-has a son Inman Jr. Or is he really Inman the Third? The family grew up in the Community Grocery business which later became Otey's Quality Grocery and Shopping Center when my father took over. There was also a Scott Greene in the family closet. When I was sitting on the steps of my father's grocery store back when his Uncle Inman, the founder, was living, Uncle Joe Greene, his brother told me to move off the steps out of the way of the customers. In fact he said it was a dangerous place to be because that was the very spot where his brother had gotten into an altercation with an axe. I never saw this uncle who had his head split open but I stayed off of the steps and out of the way in case he should ever come back from tiie dead or wherever he was. Uncle, I am. told, had a devil may care personality. 12 ■ , Anyway5 we, heard many of these stories when we went to family reunions 'which were alternated, between Franklin and Nashville,. Incidently, the Greens all could pass for white and some of them did. The Greens and Hervey Pitt and his family were mostly from Nashville, the Oteys and Fattens were mostly from Franklin, If ,the European/American Indian lineage were peach trees and the African/Indian lineage were plum trees then most of the younger generation of fruit in Tennessee is made up of Nec- terines, V^Jhether related by name only or by marriage we make a pretty interesting smorgasbord of names and backgrounds: Greens, Browns, Whites, white black, red, and yellow; Irish, Black Creek Indian, English and Japanese. Several persons have .given me information: Aunt Elnora (James) Otey, Uncle (Reverend) Richard Otey, our cousins in Franklin (Malinda),■ Mrs, Richard Johnson, and my.family, Inman, . Leon, Mattilou and Mama, .Mrs, Clyde Lynch served.as my con sultant. The librarian:,at the University, of the South in Sewanee a Monteagle,, Tennessee gave access to their Otey-, Archive Collection. The, small quaint Otey Memorial Chapel, named for . Bishop James Hervey,Otey is located there. He founded the university and started-the Episcopal,Church in Tennessee, I followed the leads ,to Wytheville,' Virginia. The Family Matriarch in Wytheville, wa.s a very witty and spry lady. Although she had glaucoma, she was as. sharp on national politics or baseball as she was-on family history. She reflected about ninety,years of experience. She's gone now, but she left artifacts w,ith deep history. The Oteys in Wytheville- are mostly white. The Oteys in Lynchburg and- Bedford are. mostly black, , One Otey is mayor in Bedford- County., , A. street, is named Otey there,. But he says'it- was not named after him. ,A direct family connection has not been discovered yet,-for. -his. -family. The original Otey did great things for the Queen of.- England .and was awarded Virginia land -in- iexchange for -his-ship, John and Flemming Qtey went to Franklin,. Tennessee from Virginia and Sewanee, Tennessee around the time of the Civil War, .Some persons haye noted a striking resemblance between John Otey III, Flem, Otey,. . Jr. ..and their namesakes John Hopkins Otey, Flemming Browning Otey (also Jam.es Otey). 13' The Otey women' like-Malinda SouthhalT Otey were a strong lot, but they were out numbered by the men. The women maintained their roots in Franklin, but the men moved on to Nashville., Malinda Otey stayed in Franklin and married Thomas Patton, They are both on an old family reunion picture taken in 1918. The Patton Brothers Funeral Home has long been an institution in Franklin, and family reunions have often been at the homes of the younger generations in Franklin or in Nashville. Great-grandmother Malinda Southhall Otey had a daughter also named Malinda Otey Reese who is presently the family matriarch in Franklin, and she has a niece, my school mate and second cousin, Malinda Ann Pat- ton Taylor. Malinda Ann Patton Taylor's mother was Anne James Otey Patton and her father was Andrew Patton, her uncle was Rev. Thomas Patton, her grandparents were Russell Otey and Deliah Ewing. Her great-grandparents were Malinda Southhall land Flam ming Browning Otey. Recently another Malinda was.born. She is Malinda Leona (Otey) Lee newest granddaughter of Ford Essex and Elnora Otey and daughter of Judith Otey Lee now in Texas. Incidently some of the family members were white or could pass for Caucasian, and they did. We visited one relative in California who had a different, name but I forget the connection. Their jobs were in jeopardy if, the connection was revealed, so the families sort of played a private humorous game in these matters in a sm.ug good natured sort of way. I am sure a sort of loneliness and isolation, could not but be felt. I and my family are proud to just be Americans. Hence, if there is any heritage to claim as a handle it would-be my native American Indianness from "Jonah, the Indian from Cedar Knob Hill", on my father's side and the "Black Creek" Indianness on my mother's father's side from Chattanooga. Her mother was Irish from the Tindall family of Ohio-. Be that as. it. may, I am listed in Who's Who in Black America. The^ Ot'ey/Greerie part of my father's family was. very color conscious in an effort to protect their whiteness 'Even so my father-married my mother in spite of her Indianness. Bill Otey, my cousin, is .quick to point but that the original Oteys from Franklin were ruddy hued. , . . . . . Malinda .and Flem.mlng are key names, ' Malinda' Southhall Otey - and Flemming Browning Otey form the- main branch of the Otey .< - 14- family .from -Fra-nklinj- Tennessee,. Malinda CNb, l)'s granddaughter, Kialinda (No.- .Z)-: Otey Reese is in her eighties.. Malinda (No. 3) ' @ Ann Taylor, her niece, and a public school Supervisor is also still in .Franklin.; Recently another of my cousins gave .birth to Malinda (No. 4) Leona. (,Otey). Lee in Texas.' Now here is an interesting mixture of names. Flemming's ■' ' ■ wife,■ Malinda So:ut.hhall' s parents, were Fannie McGavock and Oscar Southhall... Fannie. McGavock's Cremember the big land McGavock, High School i's .on in .Nashville was donated from the Otey/McGavock' marriage contract.) father was Tuppance (one name only) .. His mother,, Fannie McGavock' s grandmother, was Jonah (Creek Indian: lived,on Cedar Knob, Capitol Hill, Nashville, Tennessee)v. ' Ac cording to Dr. Catherine White, two of these relatives worked at the Belle Meade Mansion Plantation in Nashville. Bob-Greene, ■ whose, wife, .was Savannah, buried the family silver during the Ci-vil War ■ and afterwards returned it to-the Plantation owners. He ■ - ■ was r.eluctant to reveal the hiding place because-he feared another war and he wpuld need it again,. The log cabin in which they ■ ' lived, is still preserved. - This was the original cabin lived' in by General. William Giles'Harding's father. After-the Handings moved into their mansion, B.ob Green and Susannah lived per- ■ manently at the cabin. . He „was a world renowned -groomsman, second .only in th.e knowledge of breeding and horsemanship' to General,Harding himself. , ■ ■ . - - • yHopefully this article will stir interest among people who-know how,to dig up geneaological and.historical clues and facts, vyhich will help me further..my research. I shall ap- . . . preciate any help anyone can give.me. . .. ■ ' ; NOTE: Carrie Richardson White at the age of 5 years went to Detroit where she went to a frenchman for schooling^ After her marriage, Carrie attended the model school at Fisk Universityi ' Carriers mother, Ann McGavock Richardson, at the ago ,of 18 was' hired put to br. Ewing ■to be given an education, by his wife, Mrs. Mar'tha Ewing, in Nashville. Representapives of. either offspring of , the paternal grandmother lineage in- . eluded the Carters, children of Susanna, sister of Ann who was mother of 0' Carrie Richardson. ■' The Carter men were for the most part domestic servants; caterers; cooks; and houscboys (valets) i -.Joe. Carter, for .cx~ ample, was a caterer-cook at the Belle Meade Mansion just put of Nashville, for-a numixjr of ybars.'' '' Susanna hid'the silver "at Belle Meade 'duritig tHe Civil War. . . ,r ...... ■ . . . ' ■ 15 NOTE cont'dcS Grandmother As far back as we have been able to determine, our ^paternal grandmother, Carrie Richardson, traced her origins from Jonah (female), a Creek Indian who lived on Cedar Knob, Capitol Hill, Nashville, Tennessee. The name of her mate was unknown. From this union came a son, Tupponce, and with his unknown mate came five children: Susanna, Joanna, Fannie, Martha and Anne (1814), whose enslaved name was McGavock (Williamson County). Two children Julia and Carrie were born to Ann and her mate, John Richardson who bought himself free after having chosen his name and convinced the legislature to accept it. John Richardson was a barber in the Commercial Hotel (now Morris Memorial Building in Nashville), who wrote underpasses for the underground railroad.^ % 17 JAMISON BEDDING, INC. FRANKLIN, TENNESSEE ' ' 0 ONE HUNDRED YEARS OLD g By: The Public Relations Department The year was 1883, March 15, to be exact, and in Nashville, Tennessee, many new businesses were organized, one of them an enterprise for the manufacture of mattresses. Manufacturing methods vjere crude in those days, and the materials were primi tive. Jamison, for example, used cotton, curled hair, corn shucks and combinations of straw and excelsior to create what was then the very best sleeping equipment available at that time. Shortly, a coil spring was developed-, and this, of course, be came the innerspring mattress. The year is now 1901, and Jamison^has grown. A new'factory was equipped at the corner of First and Woodland Streets. In 1906 , a new plant v^as built on 18th Avenue, North. After the retirement of R. D. Jamison, the original founder of the company, Henry D. Jamison, his son, became the sole owner of the P business, and as the company continued to grow, acquired the Nashville Spring and Mattress Co. and the Economy Mattress Co. in 1927. In 1931, Henry D. Jamison, Jr. purchased the business from his father and in 1936 having weathered the Great Depression in good health, Jamison Mattress Co. bought Anchor Spring and Bed ding Co. and changed the name of the enterprise to Jamison Bed ding, Inc. Today, Moulton Farrar, III, great-^grandson of the Jamison founder, is the President and chief executive officer. . Major stockholders of the firm today'include Bette Jamison Gorrell, great-granddaughter of the Jamison founder, her husband, . Nashville attorney Frank Gorrell, both residents of Williamson County, and their son, Frank Gorrell, III, who resides in Franklin, and Moulton Farrar, III. Jamison is one of the South's oldest family-owned companies. Continued growth necessitated expansion of plant and equipment and improvement of manufacturing techniques. During the 1930's, the addition of new products sparked an expansion. One ' of the most important of these was "dual purpose" furniture -- sofas and davenports that could be easily converted into beds. 18 When it began manufacturing matching chairs,■ Jamison found itself in the upholstered furniture business. The company also entered the national picture during "this period when it joined other bedding manufacturers in establishing an organization called Serta Assoc iates for the standardization of quality and the use of national advertising to promote the sale of products under the Serta label. During World War II Jamison supplied mattresses for'the U. S. troops all over the world, i.e. , Jamison Bedding "supported" mili tary men in many ways in the four corners of the globe. After the war, Jamison continued to grow, and in 1951, built one of the most modern and complete bedding and fui'niture factories in the South. This manufacturing facility of more than 150,000 square feet under one roof covers an entire city block facing Fatherland Street with an office and showroom across the street at 201 Fatherland ""Street. Steady and profitable growth during the 1950's, led the firm to move into a 400,000 square foot plant in Franklin, Tennessee, 17 miles south of Nashville, which is now the main office and manufacturing facility of upholstered furniture. In 1959, the up holstered furniture factory in Albany, Georgia was purchased. Later bedding production facilities were acquired in'Moultrie, Georgia. A new modern 75,000 square foot building was built in the early 1960's in Albany and the Georgia manufacturing operations were corii- bined. This plant serves the vast Florida markets. It has undergone .-three phases of expansion since its inception. Every growing business" faces the problem of physical growth in plants and equip ment. Thdre is ample land available in both locations to construct additional buildings. Also, Jamison' still retains- it's original properties (some 150,000 square feet) in Nashville and has permanent showrooms in High Point, North Carolina and Atlanta, Georgia and non-permanent in Dallas, Texas.' ' While the company's original business was'the'manufacturing of mattresses, 'box springs-and coil bed springs emphasis has been the development of the "Sometime Sofa", a beautiful line of living room sofas that'convert to comfortable sleeping units with innerspring or foam mattresses. A research facility has' been established -in Franklin to design and produce' pilot models. ' Through constant changes in design, style and, fabrics, JamiSon-'has moved to one of the largest producers of this type product- in the nation. These- , , - 19 items are distributed from Boston to Miami 5 from Nevj York to Salt Lake City. It is felt.that "the surface has just been scratched", and that tremendous demand exists for this product. Unlike many in the industry who primarily assemble their finished products from components furnished by outside suppliers, the Jamison operation is completely integrated, manufacturing ■ it's parts. This not only adds know-how and flexibility but in sures a quality control not otherwise available and reduces the ever present potential of obsolescence. There are very few in the industry with the manufacturing facilities to produce as many varied sub-assemblies and products. Starting through a dry kiln, air-dried lumber is brought to the correct moisture content. A m.odern wood frame plant produces box spring frames and fram.es for upholstered sofas, "Sometime Sofas" and chairs. The company operates eight garnet machines for the processing of cotton felt batting for both bedding and upholstered finished products. These departments also furnish integral parts to the Albany, Georgia and Nashville, Tennessee divisions for final assembly. Three large sewing rooms, fully air conditioned, furnish sewn covers to the upholstery and bed ding departments. The plant is constantly undergoing moderniza tion in flow and material handling techniques utilizing the latest in conveyors and racks. Distribution to the southern region is by the company's fleet of some 40 tractors and trailers, vjhile the eastern, mid-western and western markets are served by car load shipment. Despite the intense competitive nature of the bedding (mattress and box springs) industry, Jamison has maintained a consistent growth pattern. Besides distribution to the smaller retailer, volume sales are increasing to the larger independent store and defiartment store chains. In the contract field, com posed of hotels, motels, hospitals, nursing homes, mobile homes, etc. 3 Jamison is a prime source. The Marriott Motor Hotels nationwide are a major example. New products are constantly being studied and evaluated. The history of all products that survive in the market place is one of constant change and improvement. Jamison provides both. However, of all the factors that have gone into the growth of Jamison 20 Bedding, perhaps the most important, is quality. Quality has been the keystone of the Jamison product philosophy from the very first. "Quality goes in before the name goes on" was an early slogan and. has been a standard by which Jamison products have always been known, Jamison Bedding is proud to have contributed its 100 years of growth to the growth of the community, the region and the nation. $ 3^ 21 LETTERS FROM ARKANSAS By; Thomas Vance Little There follow a group of letters that were written from Arkansas to relatives in Williamson County by descendants of early Williamson County settlers, who moved to Arkansas as a part of the great Western Jlovernent. The letters cover a ten year period from the latel850's through the late ISBO's, with a later letter dated 1884, These letters are interesting from several standpoints. They reflect a change in a way of life and attitude caused by the Civil War and its aftermath. In 1858 Owen Thomas Watkins Hunt writes of social life in Arkansas, He enumerates such amusements as "talk ing, laughing, singing, playing the flute" and eating goodies such as wine, ice cream, and "nice ice water, etc," He speaks of going to church "white panted, patten leather shoes, etc," All this is in sharp contrast to the raids, captures, deaths and destruction during the Civil War as told by Joseph Herbert in a letter to his mother. After the war's end his wife Harriet writes to her mother-in-law and despairs of a wrecked society with no place to , educate her children. But the 1884 letter shows they did sur^vive . and they did once again prosper. The letters offer an interesting commentary on the movement of people to the VJest, All second and third generations Williamson Countians, the migrants were related to each other by blood or marriage. They represented such early Williamson County families as the Herberts, .the Hunts,- the .Davisesi,. and the Watkins, They had intermarried in Williamson County, and they intermarried in Arkansas, They kept in contact both by letter and visiting back and forth. Other members of the families followed to Western points at later dates. The obvious prosperity of the people prior to the Civil War is significant. They took their slaves to Arkansas with them. They spoke of traveling to the.East and Other points of the South, ^ James Davis.Hunt was educated at Harvard and later was killed in the Battle' of-Corinth, But that world was swept away, and they spoke later of seeking a new life in Texas, The '"letters also contain an interesting commentary on slavery 22 and the relation of the races. In 1860 Joseph B. Herbert tells his mother to "tell the Negroes all howdy." The writers usually tell of Henry and Fanny whom they carried to Arkansas with them. Henry turns out to be the mainstay of the family .while, Fannie was always "uncontrollable." There are accounts of how the Yankees enticed the' slaves away during the war and how they left after the war. But it is interesting to note that they returned to visit. One of the. most interesting comments is Harriet's assertion that the Negro race will disappear because of their inability to take care of them selves. After each letter the cast of characters will be identified to the extent that this writer has knowledge of their identity. They, for the most part, will be Hunts and Herberts, but the Watkins . family was closely allied by marriage. A partial genealogy will be given for ease of reference. The pioneer settler was Gersham Hunt (1765-1858) and his wife Sarah Orton (IVSl-lSUS), who came from Rowan County, North Carolina, and settled in the Concord Road area of V'Jilliamson County in the late 1700's. Their children were: 1. Temperance:Powell Hunt (1800-1875), married John Bi . Herbert (,1809-1848). Their children were: a. Joseph B. Herbert, married Harriet Harris b. Richard (Dick) Nathaniel Herbert c. Sarah Jane Herbert, never married d. John Green Herbert (Bud), married (1) Emma McEwen (2) Lillie McEwen e. Julia A. Herbert, married George Washington Currin 2. Rebecca Frances Hunt (1803-1856), married Enoch Hunt Jones in 1839. Their children were: a. Gresham Hunt Jones • b. Fannie G. Jones 3. Green W, Hunt (1806-18144.), married Fannie Gray Watkins (1815-1855) in 1830, Their children were,:' a. Owen Thomas Watkins Hunt (1833-1862), married Fannie G, V/atkins b. Josephus Bonapart^Hunt (1836-1902), married Mary Elizabeth Puckett in 1861 c. James' Davis Hunt (183'8-l862 )', never married" '' ■d. Fannie 'Green Hunt (1844), .married Ri . J. Puckett. in 1868 . ' . Josephus Hunt (1809-18.30 ) 2 3 5= . MaryF. Hunt (1812-1812) ■ 6o William Carroll Hunt (1815-1860), married.Elizabeth.Ames Ogilvie dn 1837'. Their children were; a,, VJilliam Gersham Hunt- . - ■ b, John Ogilvie Hunt c, Elizabeth B. Hunt, married David Edmondson \ ' ■ • • 7, Enoch J. Hunt (1818-1851), married Lucy V. Baileyo They had no children. . . . ■ ■ / 8. Sarah Caroline Hunt (18 214-18 8 6)', married William B. Byrn.'in 18i43 The first letter was written by Ovjen Thomas Watkins Hunt to his cousin Sarah Jane Herbert. The writer was age 2,3 when he wrote this letter in which he describes social life on' the Arkansas frontier. ijji-ld llao'M kuk. Jaly 2'5th ).S5S Mi/ V(Lan. Coasstn, 1 have, dataytd an ami/JZA. to yoUA ve.n.y ktnd te.tte,n. B, maah tayiQZA. than a^aal^ hoping that you Mould make' me. glad Mlth a vli,lt I Mill Ae.ne.M oun. co/L/L&.6pond^na&^ §■ Mhlah^ to me, 1.6 a i,oun.c.e. o^ the. gfiaatz&t ple.a.6un. Unate. and 'Fann.le and ^ound. ta4>t weefe. i'lQ. vozKz all glad to ^zo. Fanntz and 6hz ^zzmzd vz/iy mack ^zjotazd to gzt to kzA ivz-itz/tn komz. Shz ^ta/itzd to 6zhcot yz&tztdaij to Coa^tn Martha. Thz ^zkool ti, going on {^Inzly, tko} .thz zhlld/izn a^z all gzttlng tlfizd., TkzH.z Is bat llttlz nzm OjJ any kind In thz zoantKy and no zxzltzmznt zxczpt about zlzatlons which will a^iio^d you no Intzuzst, I am Invltzd^ yzs, tlckztzd to a wzddlng which Is to comz 0^^ Thursday nzxt. lHavz to attend coun.t at that tlmz and can't gzt to go-- gn.zat ll^z. I have not szzn V/l, Jo In some tlmz tho' oc casionally hzan. i/tom him, Hz will bz out to szz us soon, oJiothzn. Jo dozs not comz out o{^tzn, and^ thz last occasion hz was complaining with his Izg, Jim Hunt Is at Camb/UdgZf nzaA. Boston, and szzms plzaszd, Hz thinks to gAaduatz In onz yzaA, I havz not bzzn doing much In a pAo^csslonal way ^oa somz tlmz and havz plenty OjJ tlmz to Azad, which Is a gAzat plzasuAz to mz, I havz somz vzAy plzasaiit coAAzspondznts to WAltz to, too., which Is 0^ szavIcz to Izzzp mz o{^i thz bluzs, ,jt s IHll, Cousin Salllz, as I think nothing that will amusz you moAZ I will tzll you o^ somz o^ thz plzasuAzs wz havz out hzAz In kAkansas, FAlday evening 1 gznzAally go up to thz school, house and bAlng down a dozen oA so oi thz school glAls'and then somz- tlmz's wz havz somz young mzn, sometimes,. Va, Jo S EAotheA Jo, sometimes the Ma, Mantlns, quite Intzlllgiznt good'looking young man, and always Ma, Jz^izAy who ■ clzAks at Wild Haws, and who Is the most Intzllgent- youth I zveA knew, and Ma, AIoa (?) a ---— young man living at thz Haws, St, We.ll we pass oH the time by talking laughing, singing, playing thz {-lute (I havz a il'nz n'zw ■^lutz] and eating all thz goodies that wz can get," Wz have Icz ' cAzam, wine, and a 'gAzat many othzA nice things, Wz have plenty 0{) nice Ice watzA, out, oi o'uA new uAn &t St, , Sundays we 'gg to,'pAzachlng hooped, white panted, patten IzathzA sh,bzs St, ^ Sometimes' wz go visiting, bu.t not 'o{,tzn, H' ow 11' you 'could, step In sometime and see thz glee, wit, and ^Inz kumoA that pzAvad.es ouA clAclz you would say' that'wz wzaz a happy set. Come, ovzA somz time and see us, I think o-l} nothing moAz this time. Give my love to all my^Alznds, and klnj 'klss Julia and kick Bud {^oa mz, Vou will have plenty, o jtlmz so kiss my swzzthzaAts twenty- {^Ivz times {oA mz, and. li they, object tzll them 1 will kiss my llttlz kAkansas MaAy twice as o^tzn, Tzll Vlck to wAltz and 25 k\xvit Tzmpy that akz oMQ.i> mo, a. I hope, to hnn you 6ome ttme, tko^ {^daH. I wttZ. not ojs pn.obo.bZy wtZZ neven. vt^tt Tdnn .^agatn. SkouZd use. ndv&n. rr.zdt know that you kavd a tnud {^n.tdnd and Zovtng cou.6tn, Owdn T. Hunt Mt.&6 SaZZtd J, He.n.bdn.t 1. Fannie no doubt is Fannie Green Hunt, sister of the writer of the letter. 2. Uncle Will most likely is William Frederick Watkins (1817- ), son of Nancy,Davis (1787-18140) and Owen Thomias Watkins (1775-1832), and brother to the writer's mother. 3. Dr. Jo is Joseph B. Herbert, first cousin of the writer. 4. Brother Jo is Josephus Bonapart Hunt, brother of the writer. 5. Jim Hunt is James Davis Hunt,, brother of the writer. The school at Cambridge, near Boston is no doubt Harvard.- We later learn that he was killed at the Battle of Corinth. 6. Julia is Julia Ann Herbert, first cousin of the writer. 7. Bud is John Green Herbert, brother of Julia and first cousin of the writer. 8. Dick is Richard Nathaniel Herbert, brother to Julia and Bud and first cousin of the.writer. 9. Aunt Tempy is Temperance Powell '(Hunt) Herbert, aunt of the writer. jV 5? The following letter is from Joseph Bonapart Herbert, son of Temperance Powell;(Hunt) and John B. Herbert, to his sister Sarah Jane Herbert. " Note the reference to concerts in Franklin and how well traveled the people were, there being references to trips to Philadelphia and Louisville. Syaamone. Maack I, 1860 S, J. He.n.bdn.t Vdan. St^tzn. I take, my pen tn hand to an^ouea youn.^' Ojf Jan the 7S. I would have an6wen.ed It ^oonea but I would not wn.tte to you and Vtek at the Jkame time, I wa& glad to kean. that all wene well and. doing about ai u6ual, ! ) I wa6 ioaay to kean. that you had &uek a dull time Ckn.l6tmai that wa^ my ^Ix exactly I stayed at home and &old good^ all ekn.lji>tma.i, except the lai,t day and that day I 6pent going to 6ee a patient 26 about IS mtlai, .1 wai t^udly ^ofifiy to ho^an. oi Aunt Lout&a HttZ^ bad | ke.ai.tk i>ke. th a woman I tktnk a Qfie.at dzal OjJii. I tktnk tkQ.!iz izw bttte.fl womtn tkan fSikt ti, > I kope. you and fvU^^ Cofine.i.ta kad a nice. time, at tke. conce.fLt.6 • at FfiankZtn, I f^e-fitoufily wl^k Owtn B I could kavc been tkefie to kave gone wttk you. you wanted to know wketkefi I and Owen wefie going to maftfiy kefie oft go to Tenn to maafiy. I gue.i>6 we will mafifiy hefie, and take oun. wlvei to Tenn wltk uf> l{, you all will, pkoml^e to not make to muck ijun OjJ tkem (being Afik glfili) tkat l Fannle Gfieen will go to Fkllade-tpkla wltk a4 and will alfiO come by to iee you and you mu&t be fieady to come to Afik wltk ui. I am going to kave you to come out wltk ui pJiovlded Mothefc will let you leave kome, 'tjJe calculate li we kave no bad luck to leave kefie about tke lait o{, Oct and go to Pkll-- and leave ?kll-- about tke {\lfi^t o{j Feb 1S61 ion. Old. liJllllam^on. Vfi, CfLocket lit mlittaken about me not wfiltlng to ^ film I w/iote to klm a vefiy -ikofit time beiofte I Ckfil/jtmafi. T am undefi tke Impfie^ilon I wfiote to klnu twice .6lnce I kave keafid ^ftom klm, 1 kave al60 ^ wfiltten to Bill Hunt but kave not an^wefied kl^ la^t lettefi. My healtk lf> not ven.y good 1 kave not kad a cklll ^Ince I 0'JA.ote to Vlck but kave £elt ven.y muck like It iofi tke la&t ioun. on. ^Ive dayfi tko In tke meantime. I kave been o^ on a .Steam Boat tn.lp, l leit kefie Monday mofinlng and went to Bate&vllle SO mlle^ below hefie and alfilved kome Wednesday evening. I would kave enjoyed my tfilp;. {finely li 1 kad been .sound. Tke kealtk tke county Is betten. tkan It was a {iCW days back, I booked In Jan S Feb $207. 00 wklck was muck mofie tkan It was last yean. dun.lng tke same time. Owen was out to see me a ■^ew days back. Jo Hunt kas been gone to Louisville about ten days I hope ke will go by to see you all. Give my n.espeats to all Inquiring {^filends and answen. Immediately you c.n.e always complaining having bad pens I hope you will get some good ones soon tko youn. last letten. was wfiltten tolen.able well. Tell motken. It seems ven.y long since I got a letten. {,n.om ken.. Tell tke negfioes all kowdy tell tkem' that Henfiy Is well and gfioes vefiy {^ast. Vont ^all to wfilte soon. Kiss Bud and Judy ^on. me. ^«j Voun. bfiotken. J. B. H. ■ 27 1. Dick is Richard Nathaniel Herbert, brother of the writer» ® 2o Aunt Louisa Hill has not been identified, 3, Miss Cornelia has not been identified, « Owen is Owen Thomas Watkins Hunt, son . of Fannie Green (Watkins) and Green W, Hunt and first cousin of the writer, 5, Fannie Green, sister to Owen above, 5, Dr, Crockett has not been identified, 7, Bill Hunt is probably William Gersham Hunt, son of Elizabeth Ames■ (Ogilvie) and William Carrol Hunt and first cousin of the writer. Contemporary family members refer to him as "Pappy Hunt", 8, Jo Flunt, brother to Owen and Fannie Green above, . 9, Bud is John Green Herbert, brother of the writer, 10. Judy is Julia Ann Herbert, sister of the writer, 11, Henry is a slave taken to Arkansas with the family. The following letter was written by Dr, Joseph B, Herbert § to his mother Temperance Powell (Hunt) Herbert, It was written ^ during the Civil Vfer-and presents a graphic description of Federal, troop movements in- Arkansas and other effects of the war on the people of Arkansas, Note the optimism about the South's winning the war, lzcLn.d Co, kfik JanucL^y 30 IS63 Ve,ci/i lvtotke.A I n2,v2.^ mO'te. agft2. tt I 6znt youA ZzttzA out {^oa Jo and 0 to Azad, 0 WAotz to mz that kz wouZd not takz 20 doZZaAi ^OA tkz nzi^'M tt zontatnzd kz had not kzaAd ^Aom Sup .^tnzz I 28 6av'J k2.K In about onz yzaK ago. He. m6 glad to knan. tkat i,ke wa-5 at yaan. kouhe, Hz 6ayi tkat ti> tkz pZacz he ujant-6 kz^ to^ .6tay. WzlZ MotkzA I guz.&.6 you want a {,ull kt^to/iy o{^ my- &zli i>tnzz 1 6aw you, I wtlZ tKy to gt\}z you a ikoJtt onz any kow, I vz^iy gJiaduaZZy tmpn.ovzd a(tzn. I Zz^t you at UncZz Enock'^ got wttk tkz Ajumy at Co».n.tntk tn about two c'jzz!z.& a^tzA. 1 Zzit you I &pznt two day& at ['lantn-azz toio at Stzvzyuon and. tzn at Hunt^vtZZz AZa [a^ pH.ztty a ZtttZz town. a4 I zozn. 6aw tn my Zt^z),. I A,z.i,tgnzd tmmzdlatzZy aitzK I got to my hoy^ got papz/u fLxzd up and .it/iuzk out ^ot komz tn a wzzk aftz^ I got to tkzm tt wai, tkzn tkz 16 on. 27 0'[^ h[an.zk 1S61, I bougkt a good many tktng& tn Mzmpkt.6 {)on. my&zZ(^ and. UnzZz Vtzki (Pa'a) {^amtZy, mo6tZy .'Sptn th/izad, domzittz SaZt Suga/c 6 Mo~ Za^6z& and 107 Zb& tfion, I got aZZ my tktng& to Jackson lout [70 mt.lz6 o{i kzn.z] wai, not ahZz to gzt tkzm up tkz Rtvzn. komz io 'i Zoit aZZ tkat I zouZd not pack on a Hoiiiz by tkz Ezdi zomtng tn bz^onz 1 zouZd gzt tkzm komz, I got my tktzad 6 d.omz.&ttz komz and a numbzn. oi^ otkzn. tktng.& on a pack kon.i,z but Zoit 5 iazki iaZt tkat zoit mz'50 doZZaiii, 81 GaZ ip-izndtd MoZa.&zi, 2 75 Zbi> SugaA. and my tnon, We, kavz znougk o{, tkAzad to makz out on tkti yzaii, and nzx:i, tozfiy body zZiz tn tkz zounty kavz to iptn waitk and ^tZZtng both, I wo.i, Zuzky 0 aaufiz you to gzt tkz tkhzad komz tt wai tkz onZy iway, I zouZd gzt wool wai to iwap tkhzad ion. wooZ and 1 managzd to gzt znougk oi tkat to do mz unttZ tkz iaZZ oi 1864 io ti tkz iOan. dont Zait Zongzh than tkz wtntzn. oi 1 864 and wz zan gzt to kzzp wkat wz kavz got wz zan gzt aZong vzn.y wzZZ ai ian. ai zZotkzi atz zonzzhnzd, Han.n.tzt wai gZad to izz mz ikz wai gztttng vzny unzaiy kzan.tng tkat my kzaZtk wai bad and my dzZay tn whtttng wkt.lz I wai itzk, I iound kzn. and aZZ tkz fizit wzZZ zxzzpt Ktzkahd Owzn. kz kad bzzn vzn.y itzk ion. 3 on. 4 d.ayi hut wai on tkz mznd, I iound htm a bzttzn. Zooktng boy tkan I zxpzztzd to izz in.om what I kad kzan.d about ktm, Hz wai ai iat a zhtZd ai I zvzn. iaw aZZ 'thjiougk tkz iummzn. iaZZ and wtntzn. up to tkz mtddZz oi Vzz wkzn kz wo.i takzn itzk and. wai itzk ion. ioun. wzzki, Hz zommznzzd waZktng wkzn 1Ok'montki oZd and kad ■got io kz zouZd gzt out tkz doon. and,n.un out tn tkz yaJtd wkzn kz wai takzn and ' wktZz itzk ,kz izZZ oi io and got io wzak tkat kz zouZcl not waZk ion. a Zong ■ttmz but kz- liai got io now tkat kz zan waZk about ai- wzZZ ai kz zvzt dtd and .kai zommznzzd.- iattzntng- agatn, Hz- ti.. a 'iwzzt boy I aau/iz you. . a' nd onz tkat -.you wouZd bz' p/ioud oi, ■ J do. wtik you zouZd .izz ktm, Hti Gn.andma Han.n.ti iayi kz ti tkz SmaKtzit. tkt'ng., . H.z ti gztttng now to bz a pn.ztty itzz to ipotZ and izvzn.al kzn.z to do tt io you zan zaitZy tm'magtnz wkat wtZZ bz donz. In tkuzz on. ioun. w'zzki aitzn. .7 .got- .komz Ma/ Gzn ■ Cuhtti An.my 20, 000 itn.ong [fzdi} zamz tnto An.k paiizd tn lO mtZzi oi. -- ui pan.t wznt by WtZd Hawi on to BatzivtZZz 29 {f/iom and Adma^md thdAd two months duAlng Mkldh timd tkdy i/JdAd all ovdA tkd Mkold doanty ioA {^oAty mlldi) aAound £oAag.lng and itdallng koA&di> dattld wkdat and bacon. All tkd pAomlndnt and active 4) dhlck -5ajj|j2.^eci, T/iey \KidAd {oa long tXsad pAdtty 4>klttl4>k and 4>caAy about cAoi,4>lng tkd PUvdA and lAJd luckily lived 4>outk 0^ tkd RlvdA wklck i>aved U4> con^ldcAable. Wken tkey {^lA4>t came In a gAeat many living on tke otkdA ^Ide oi tkd RlvdA Aun to tkl4) 4>lde to get out o{, tke way and a-6 we kad. plenty CoAn & oat6 and plenty to eat ouA kou4>c wa4) keadquaAteA4 {^OA 4,omd time. A lot o£ ■ tkoAd {idllow6 tkat had to leave kome concluded to make ap a company ioA tke Se-ilck aAmy tkey done 4>o and camped In two kundAed yaAdh o^ ouA kou4>d. Tke Vedi, at Batd.6vllld got wind o^ tkem and 4>tAuck.out Im mediately ioA tkl4> place tkey got keAe about 10. 0clock at nlgkt took tke Company and u4> completely by iuApAlAd.^ 1 wa4s In bed asleep with a bAoken ikouldeA I, got tke point o^ my 4)nouldeA ^AactuAed. a . {^ew day4> beioAe. by accident when tke ^lAlng commenced none oi tke company weAe kuAt tkey got one man killed and two wounded and tkat wa4) done by tkelA own men. We had 6 even men staying with u4> tkat nlgkt. Tke Ted4) 4,uAAounded tke kouie be^oAe we all had time to. get away. Tkey took them all pAl4,oneA4> and had tkem put undeA guaAd. ■■■ Tkey did not put Uncle Vlck (Pa) and. my^eli undeA guaAd.. until tkey itaAted o{j^'' tkey stayed keAe ^Aom 10 oclock at nlgkt until 10 the next moAnlng. A4 6oon a4> It waA light tke next moAnlng tkey caught up ouA koAACA and muleA tkat weAe o^ eleven head and took tkem oii. They got- . I waA ^lat completely In way o{, Aometklng to Aide. We had two old mulcA one young one and a ^llly out In tke woodA tkey did not get ao He waA neaAly {^lat wken he waA Aun- nlng a even plowA and It then tke laAt 0^ May tke keaAt 0^ plow tlm.e. TkeAe waA tkAee kundAed oi tkem. Tkey eat up and took oH all tke kamA S AkouldeAA we had (35) 2 50 IbA {^loweA emptied a kal^ Bbl 0^ molaAAeA we had been uAlng and they bAoke tke cloAet lock and took all, tke AugaA and coj^^jee they could ^Ind. {we had Aome hid.) all Ma'^ Amoklng ■ tobacco Aome £ew ol my medicine (I had.tke moAt 0^ my medicine kid) Aome 2 0 dollaAA woAtk o{^ AteAllng and. otkeA tklngA to- tedlouA to mention. Tkey damaged ua In pAopeAty taken oj^ and dlAtAoyed Pa $1100 Gua $360 and myAel{, the aI'az'o{^ $600 dollaAA woAth beAlde taking Pa and myAeli oi with them to BateAvllle PAlAoneAA. We weAe two dayA going tkeAe we had to Aleep In a coAn cAlb with a pole £Iooa It waA pAett.y Aougk but I Alept Aome. .Tkey put tke pAlAoneAA In the couAt HouAe In BateAvllle. we had.Aoom plenty. TkeAe waA mention ojJ ua - with thoAe piey took o^ the company and. tkoA.e men that weAe Ataylng with ua. 30 that night and Mlth tko^o, tkzy took had buiofio, thzy got mad about il^ty qaltz a anoiod oi ai. I ai^ufie. yoa It .wa^ qaltz a ^^■'Uou.i time with me to be iofieed oi {^n.om home when 1 waii In oefiy -feeble health oolth a broken hkoatden and daJiJilet at that time ven,y Alak In bed but all that done no good they &ald 1 had to go ^o I went^ Pa took It ve-'cy muah to heant being a pA-l-ione^^c he wa.6 troubled In mind veny much [wa^ lathen feeble be^o/iej on the tenth day In the manning a^ten they took a-6 they itanted all they took when they took I and Pa with a good many otheJU to St Louli, and had oun name-6 down to go but' by the lnten{,eananee and lnftuenee a i^nlend wlth 'Uaj Gen Cuntl^ he got him not to ^end u6 o^^. That evening (Sunday) Pa took a hand chill a high ^even followed which paired Ofj In a typhoid {^onm and killed him on the second Tuesday 10 daij^ a^ten he wai taken, H'e died about 9 oclock at night on the 17 oi June on the next manning eanly they concluded to llbehate me by giving a bond oi two thousand' dollan-i and taking the path oi allegiance to the U. S, I done 4o and went to wo.nk Immediately to make annangement^ to get Pa Home I got him ^tanted about 2 on 3 oclock In a two hon^e waggon I came on home that night got hene about two oclock Hannlet had got 3 mlle-i (to Mn Olive) on hen way to Batesvllle to see us I had hen sent ion and tunned back. The conps got hene about sun set the day aiten they stanted and was hunted that evening, , Ma was In ,bed sick when I got home and had been ion sev.enal days she took his death veny hand. She was a long time getting oven hen spell but Is about as well as she has been ion a long time. The Teds taking -all oi oun plow stock In the heant V oi plow time made us lease pant oi oun conn entlnely and mone oi It made mone. than hali a cnop tho we made enough: to-do us, I went to wonk as soon as I got home to buying up stock In- place oi those the feds got. We have enough now to make a cnop with pnovlded we can get to do It, We have been clean oi the feds even since the last oi June but inom eveny Indication now we will have them among us again all the nonth pant oi the State Is abandoned by the Coniedenate tnoops and we have nothing to pnotect us, I am satis iled we will have them among us again as soon as the noads get so they can tnavel, I think 1 shall tny to keep out oi the way this time, I dont know any othen chance but to take to the mountains. The feds took inom the Hunt Boys kloantaln Tnavelen two othen honses a two ox waggon loaded with bacon and tu--- 40 dollans- In -sllven and a tnunk with some clothes In It, They got inom Watklns S Co 13 head honses B mules .6000 lbs Inon 500 lobs sugan 24 sacks salt and two on tknee waggons a gneat .many little things. They would not talk about paying ion those things and. said they came to pnoteet us and oun pnopenty, ' They' did not tny to take none oi oun negnoes oH .with'them ' but said 31 tkzy wou-td Gfi mantid to go they oJouZd take them and give them thetn. {^n.ee ]oapefii> and gtoe thern^ 2 5 dottah-i, pen. month to mon.k ion. them-. They took oi a g/ieat many neg^p.eA ,.i^tom Bate/ovttte and att aZong the n,oad ai, they -teit the county. They went iAom BatesvtZte to f-leZenh' on the Mt6.s RtveA. ' ■ ' Owen Hunti heaZth got 40 he had to n,e4,tgn tn June Za&t he came hen.e tn JuZy about the ttme the fed^ weAe Zeavtkg, he wa6 aiaatd to go home, ion, a week. He went hom.e and wa& man.n,ted to Tannte Watktn.6. tn 3 on. 4 weeki aiten, he got home. He and Jo an.e Ztytng togethen.. Jtm V. Hunt poon. 'ieZZow wai, ktZZed tn the battZe oi Con.n,tnth about the, itn.i,t oi Get Za&t. He wa& Capt oi ht.6 company when he waJ, ktZZed wa.6 itghttng bhaveZy. The fed-i dtd not tnten.n.upt UncZe Cun.t. SteoenA. WatktnA negn,oe.6 aZZ 6tatd when the VedA wen,e hen.e but a iew weekA Atnce one man Tom Zeit wtthout any cauAe whateoen. I thtnk the neghocA hen.e wtZZ aZZ Atay unttZ they an,,e ionced oH. OJe an.e gotng to do oun. bcAt to keep them ti we have to do tt tn the mountatnA. I wouZd hate ven,y much to gtve up Henhy (he tA a good boy] but fannte 1 cant Aay that I wouZd g.hetoe much ion. Ahe tA a tohment to any one that tnyA to manage' hen.. It tA AO ven.y han,d, to get won,k out oi hen. and then I ieah Ahe aZwayA wtZZ be a hogue. To get hen. taAk la ven.y Ztght one at that) Ahe haA AtoZe thaead in.om the othen. neghocA AeocfiaZ ttmcA. Gua Han.n.tA {baothen. tn Zaw]- heaZth waA bad aZZ ZaAt yean. neahZy he got a dtAchan.ge and came home tn Dec htA Fa made a wtZZ about- one yean, ago and made htm htA executon. ao he couZd take change oi eveny thtng. I had been managtng the buAtneAA ion. Ma-unttZ he anntved. _ HanntetA heaZth haA been toZenabZe good Ahe haA had Aom.e iew apeZZA aZong tho dothtng ven.y_Aen.touA hen head tA tn Auch a itx that Ahe cannot Aptn tt ZayA- hen up. eveny ttme Ahe tnyA tt. She tA now tn bed and haA been ion 24 hounA cauAed by Aptnntng thnee d.ayA.- .She haA hen two veny ntce home.Apun dneAACA one oi them made .up they wene on hand neanZy a yean beione Ahe got them. .She AendA you a AamZe oi them. CouAtn tioZZy Hunt haA a itne Aon 5 on k monthA oZd they caZZ htm JameA HouAton Hunt. ' . Vn. {iJatktnA haA a - itne daughten {Many EZtzabeth] 6 on 7 monthA oZd. .TeZZ StAA that Andy boy- tA the ugZteAt Hunt thene ■ tA .and that Owen bought Sam'a wtie inom the Kennand EAtate and that fed Monan tA dead: (4e have, had a gneat ' _ many deathA tn.oun county among .the men inom 35 yeanA 32 and upo'Ja/Ld.6, * ThzKo. li> a QH.iLat manij paoplo. ^n ohm. ccuntij that ^ aJiz dotng without ialt 4ome. havs. gom to Lake. Bli>tman La 350 nill&.6 not ian. lH.om ilnaZe T, Holt^ ^aAm, „ 1 have, known o. bu.6ke..i to {^on. 4 0 d.otZ.an.i> and thzn.e. wa6 a i>alz a (^ew day.a ilnae. when a i^ew pounds ^oZd at the nate o^ $U60 pe^t pound. Some have tun.ned out theln 'hog^ ion the want oi 6aZt, i'Je have .&aZted up iiOme mone pon.k than wlZZ do u^ and li nothing happens to a-s by being veny .&avlng can /squeeze thnough anothen yeah.' Ao we 0)111 be 4aie untlll the wlnteh. oi 1 864, I tell you It l6 getting pnetty hand to get enough to eat and wean tho I ieel veny thankiul that we ane getting on ah well.ah we ane ion I know thene Ih thouhandh not doing ho ojell, A majonlty oi the people have halt to hon.ten do on until iall then they will be compelled to hall It inom La on home othen place I know not whene. An old hettlen pnetty well oi died a hhont time hlnce and had hugan coHee B Salt on hand. The coiiee hold home went ah high ah $4,70 pen lb 2 0 0 Ibh Sugan hold ion. 100 dollanh 100 Ibh halt hold ion 100 dollanh, ^ I Uy health Ih htlll bad my -~-~hla Ih htlll about the hame 1 ho.ve to live on nice neanly entlnely and • W what I hate nt Ih going to give out beione a gneat while and then I dont know what I will do then ah the hay Ih I will go up the hpout and.not hali tny, febnuany the 19 1863 Ah the man [Capt Bennett) hah not got oH yet I add a iew mone llneh tho have no newh mone than we ane In gneat hope oi peace at thlh time beione a gneat while .judging inom the gneat hpllt In the Month and 'the thouhandh oi fedenal dehcntenh, God gnant It I hay,- . , • Die had, the Fedenalh pnetty cloht to uh laht week they came down to Batehvllle again but did not htay long [one night B day). They done a gneat deal oi mlh- chlei what time they did htay .they took oi a gneat many negnoeh B honheh with them, Vou neve-'i haw the like oi nunnlng that wah done when they came In nunnlng to thlh hide oi the Ulven, J BO hunt have pantoi theln negnoeh now about 20 mlleh inom hene In the hlllh, One oi them Ruben Ih hick now J have to tny to go to hee him to monnow, 3o hayh he Ih going to move Molly w out thene and htay thene klmheli. All wene well at -3 B 0 Hunth Wild Hawh S Steveneh the laht time heand-inom Rlchand -Owen Ih nunnlng about eveny whene now look ilne - hl'h 'Ma- Ih 'not' well thlh Q-vzyilng ^ko, has the, S-ick headache veA^ bad. HaAAAztd: sznds heA bzst tova and Aaspaat to you and the. QtAts and Mants to sea you vzAy much. 7. do wtsh I woutd, have the pJLcasuAc o{j scctng you att agatn I am so anxtous to hcaA {Aom Vtclz S Bud stncc the Battte at HuA{,AeesboAo 7 do hope they come out att Atght with out a^scAatch.. 7 have not heaAd {^Aom Vtck stnce he te{it Tupeto unttt 7 Aecetved youA tetteA. Do wAtte t{j you ptease eveAy oppoAtuntty. Gtve my tove to att enqutAtng {jAtends. Ktss Satty Judy & Coustn fannte ^oa me and tett them to i/JAtte I pAay that we may att get to see each othcA agatn tn peace $ pAospeAtty. hlothtng moAe at pAesent but 7 Aematn youA- a{^iecttonate son. Joseph B. HeAbeAt lo Sally and Julie are Sarah Jane Herbert and Julia Ann Herbert, sisters of the writer. 2. Jo and 0 are Josephus Bonapart Hunt and Owen Thomas Watkins Hunt, first cousins of the writer. 3.. Sup or Sis.s has not been identified nor is the writing clear. 4. Uncle Enoch is probably Enoch Hunt, uncle of the writer and brother of Temperance Powell (Hunt) Herbert. Records, however, indicate that he died in 1851. Or he may be Enoch Hunt Jones, husband of the writer's aunt, Rebecca Frances Hunt. 5. Uncle Dick (Pa) is father-in-law of the writer and father of Harriet Harris. 6. Harriet is the wife of the writer. She was Harriet Harris. 7. Richard Owen is Richard Owen Herbert, son of the writer. 8. Grandma Harris (Ma) is the mother-in-law of the writer. 8, Gus is Gus Harris, brother of the writer's wife, Harriet'. 10. Fannie Watkins appears to be Owen Hunt's first cousin, the daughter of one of his uncles mentioned in #15 below. 11. Jim D. Hunt is James Davis' Hunt, first cousin of the writer and brother of Owen and Jo. 12. Uncle Curt Stevens seems to be the Curtis Stevens who was married in 1834 in Williamson County to Mary Tennessee Watkins (1813-1881), a sister of Fannie Gray (Watkins) Hunt and daughter of Owen Thomas and Nancy (Davis) Watkins. , 13. Henry and Fannie are slaves who were taken to Arkansas from Williamson County. 14. Cousin Molly Hunt is probably Mary Elizabeth (Puckett) Hunt, who married Josephus Bonapart Hunt. 15. Dr. Watkins 'is probably a bro'ther to Fannie Gray (Watkins) Hunt. She had three brothers who also went to Izard County ® Arkansas. a. William Frederick Watkins (1817-1891) married Sarah Jeffrey, b. -James Davis Watkins (1819-1857) married Amanda M. Davis. c. Owen Thomas Watkins, a doctor, (1822) married (1) 1849 to Mary C. Kinnard and (2) Elizabeth M, Martin. 16. Uncle T. Holt is Thomas Holt an uncle of the writer by •marriage. His father's sister, Rosa Herbert, married Thomas Holt. 17. Dick and Bud are Richard M. Herbert and John Green Herbert, brothers of the writer, 18. Cousin Fannie is probably Fannie Green Hunt, first cousin of the writer and daughter of Green W. and Fannie Gray (Watkins) Hunt. The next' letter is from- Harriet (Harris) Herbert to. her g, mother-in-law Temperance Powell (Hunt) Herbert. By this time her i husband, Joseph B. Herbert, has- died and the war is over. w 'bottom 4tk 186'j T, P. Vzan. Moth^n. ai, Cou^Mn Owen to Tznn In ci izw day4> I wtll wn-ttd you a atthough kd can tdiZ you. clJLZ. that hd^ happendd 6tnc.d you ta&t haadd J^fiom ui. My kdadt ka^ bddn bdnt on going with Cou4>tn O.dzn to iidd you uikdn kd Wdnt a^tdh. Cou.6tn fanntd but It kd dvddy tktng dthd that 1 dd&tH.d -60 muck a.6 1 do that kaod ^attdd tn tkd attdmpt but I kavd coDid to thd con- dZu^ton to tfiy to bd ^.d^tndd to my {^atd tdt tt be. what tt may tkd bd6t I can iod I am doomdd to 4>omdtktng bdttdK. than kaA.d tAtaX.& and dt^happotntmdnt6. My kavd adwt^cd md tt th bdi^t to watt tongdfi ttti. ttmd'i) gdt moJtd &dtttdd and dxpdn.6d-6 ckdapca and that ttmd -■ but I i}daA tt wtll bd. •-» I ddCdtodd tkd tdttdd bfiotkdh. Vtclz Kotd ^aom. Ckd^tdd S. Caaottna wktck baougkt tkd 4>ad ne.w.6 o{, § St&tdH. SalZtdi death, 1 wa4> vday ^ofiKy to kcaa tt tndaed ^oa .^tncd Voctoa'& death I have eoen. cfiaoed to i>dd kdH. deaK (^ace becauJhd &kd aei^dmbtdd ktm &o muck\ ^ Tkeae t& but one ttd on eaatk that Izeep^i me iaom spending the mo&t 0 my ttme wttk you and that t& my own motkea 1 am ttaed oi A-tfean-6a4 ok at lea^t tkt& poKtton oi tt, I 35 aan't have, any heatth he.h.e. be.^-Ld^^ the. aountay ^ ton.n up by tkz wan. and ne.an.liy e.ve.n.y thtng to&t but oun. tandii wktch I {^e,a^L we ejtZt have to gtve. up Ion, tax.e^ on the account o{^ taxci> bctng 4o muck the niajon.tty o{, the pcoptc wttt not be able to pay con.{,cqucntty I woutd n,atkcn. tJiy .some otkcn. countay t{i we have to take a gaound. &tan.t.. fee eooutd have moved to Texai tkti, ta&t &pn.tng we had not &un:n.enden.ed, we i,ent a pan.t o^ the neg^oi, tkete tait vdtnten. 1 i,ent Geonge & Vannte they an.e tn Bend County TexaA bnothen. Glu Mttt i,tan.t a^ten. them next weefe. A6 the lOan, ended mo then. u)ttZ not move though I betteve tt woa£d he an ad.vantage to my heaZth to go ^outk ai I have a cough wktck I have had 6tnce ta^t June a yean, though my health betten. than tt ha^ been ion, .6ome .ttme. The neg^ioe6 an.e taktng the in,ee -itep tn thti> pan,t oi the countn.y taktng thetn. iamtlte-i, and gotng to kou&e they ifjtll o,ll itnally condttton we cotll be tn the negn.oe& an.e in.eed among u6 and alloioed the ^ame Itbentte^ we an.e the Vankte^ may in.ee them but they cant make me' equaltze my&e-li vottn them no one that iought ion. # • negn,Q equaltty. I Loa^ ven,y Zson,n,y to have to i>un.- n.end.eh at toe dtd and yet I wa4 wtlltng to have peace ^ unden. almott any conttden,atton we weA.e oven.pou'en.ed by the Mon,th and tt teemed utelett to itght longen. and have to many good men ktlled and at latt tun,n.enden,. We Itve ken.e on Whtte ntven. between two mountatnt when.e ion. a conttden,able dtttance above and below hat been thnjough the wan. a pen-iect han.bon. ion. but kovhackeAt and Ao'obeAt on the account oi be natuAally ioAttited by the mountatnt, They could htde tn them o,nd etcape the Aebel contcAtpt and buth- whackeAt the iedt to they dAeaded to come whtch I would not have tuAned Aound ioA choice between the two. fee have had to maAch to thetA bee and call and tubmtt to thetA tyAany when eveA' they choote ioA ut to without any touAce oi pAotectton whateveA. liiould to God al.l man kind could be convinced oi the iolltet and expencet oi waA and agAee to tettle thetA dtiieAencet tome otheA way betldet itghttng and, dettAoytng each otheA. I MotheA 1 deeply t ympathtt e with you ioA the lott you have tuHeAed by the.waA. VoctoA hat oiten told me /low haAd you ute to woAk to Aatte and tuppoAt 0 youA iamtly and now to think tn youA old age you mutt loote all tt have been tpaAed to get home to be oi ^ comioAt to you tn youA lonely condttton though, I have not heaAd iAom them ttnce UaAch I am veAy anxtout, ioA'- Couttn Owen to AetUAn that I may heaA iAom you all once moAe. I want BAotheA Vtck to be tuAe 36 to come, i/jttk htnu Moths-A. pzA,6aadt htm to come you. can, I {joovL-td be. glad that any o{, the. cktZdA.cn coaZd come. j I' ujant to 4>cc JuZta ^kc t-d tkc only 6t6tcA. I have now my own ■it.itcA. dtcd Za&t .summcA. wktck wa.4 a. kaAd VitaZ {jOA U.6, . ' hiotkcA I kavc one oi tkc i,wcctc&t boy.i you cvcA iaw. He wlZZ be iouA ycaJU old tkc lOtk o{, HovcmbcA t^ vcAy ZaAgc to kti, age ka/^ a nobZc head blue cyc^ and latA .iktn kti katA t^ gctttng daAkcA aZZ tkc ttmc wtZZ itnaZZy be black he ka6 an excellent manncA, I tktnk kc ^avoA6 VoctoA, I'Joald to God kc could have lived to help me Aat&c ktm but It 1-6 God.6 will otkcA- wt&c con-icqucntly I rnu.6t submit, T i I live till Owen gct-i old enough to go to /jckool 7. want to take ktm a- • way j^.-^om kcAc to educate the 6chool.& aAc 6o poo a 7 would AatkcA take ktm wkcAc tkcy aAe bcttcA kc th wcaAtng panti> . and bodd.tei> now and couaac^ thtnk.6 he t& a man, Ht6 gAandma and uncle Gu^ ^potlc6 ktm -6 0 I cant do anything with ktm. Tell Cousin Tennte to kuAjiy home I want to hce he A vcAy muck, 7 will not WAtte to TieA a^ &ke t& coming home tkcAc ka^ been nothing done with .time.6 have ^uck tkcAc could be nothing , done unttll now. 7 would like vcAy muck to have the - e^iitate a.dmtnt-i>teAed on and tkc .bu^itne66 settled. 1^ It would be be/jt to do .'^o, ■ ■ kiotkcA 7. 'would be 4o glad, to i,ce you o.nd talk with 7 .would tell you a gAcat many tktng-6 I do not want to WAtte, . Vou mu^t wAtte me a long lettcA by Cousin Owen, 7 Intend to go to &ee you t{^ 7 even, get a chance, l^totkeA and the family join love with me to you all, VouA a{iiecttonatc daugkteA HaAAtet HcAbcAt 1. Cousin Owen is, Owen Thomas Watkins Hunt first, cousin of the writer's husband,. 2. Cousin Fannie" is Fannie Green (Hunt) Puckettj sister' of Owen Thomas VJatkins Hunt. \ 3. Brother Dick is Richard Nathaniel Herbert, brother of the writer's husband. ^ !4. Sist,er, Sallieis Sarah Jane Herbert, sister of' the ■, writer ? s i'husband. 5. Doctor is Joseph B. Herbert the decea.sed husband of the writer. 6. Brother Gus is Gus Harris, brother of' the wr.iter. 7. Julia is Julia, Ann ,Herbert, sister of the writer's husband. 37 ■Cousin Tennie is probably Mary Tennessee Watkins' (1813-1881) who married Curtis Stevens and was the daughter of Nancy (Davis) and Owen Thomas Watkins. There follows a second letter from Harriet (Harris) Herbert to her mother-in-law, Temperance Powell (Hunt) Herbert lzaA.d County, kn.\z^ kpfitt 12th 1866 M/u. P. i-l&.A,be.^tt Mothe/L, youh. ktnd tcLtt^/i came to hand a day6 ago, U'ktck I Ma6 gtad to get I aij>u^c you. It had- been ^om& ttrm ^tncc I had hcahd- {jOiom you aJLt and. voai, g.ctttng vchy anxtoiU to hcah, V>n.otkc)i Vtclz, Bud and Julta ncvcn. vjn.ttc to mc no mohc than they nevui had hcahd o{, me oa t{, they do I neoeh. get thetn. tetten.&, The 6tA.ang tte6 ujJ tove bound, to them by many helatton^ htp to them makeA me {^eel bad to thtnk they neveh ^end one ^ cratch O'^ a pen, I went to .iee Cou6tn Tannte Hunt tn thA.ee on. {^ouA. dayi, a^teA. i,he got home 6he and Owen told me BA.otheA. Vtck talked o ,cometng out keA.e next {^all to Itvel I would be veA.y pAoud Indeed t-^ he would, I am not keeping houz>e now, but think I will ai> i,oon a& I get my hou^e ilnl&hed, Tli two ^toAtj, ^Aarned and painted one chimney neaA^ly {Inlihed, I think l{^ I wa.i on my place I could have my land cultivated, to a betteA advantage Aali,e .stock and make m,oAe than I do, I have about sixty acAes o{^ bottom land Aented out this ■ yeaA to be cultivated In coAn and cotton', HeaAly eveA.y body Is going to put In a big cAop o^ cotton In this paAt 0 {i the countAy, I have hlAed HenAy this yeaA to make a cAop ioA me, Fannle Ici^t me not long a^tcA she got home ^Aom Texas and went to Batesvllle then went /^Aom tkeAe to Mashvllle with Mas, HenAy Ewlng, I was glad to get Aid o£ heA {^oa she has eveA been beyond my poweA to contAol, HenAy has always been a good UegAo easy to manage, BAotheA Gus was maAAled to Miss CaAAle Stevens the 14th o{i Teb, They aAe llvelhg heAe with motheA this yeaA., Gus has- gone In paAtneAshlp with. Ma, Kusle (?) -to sell goods at SycamoAe, ThelA stock Is at Batesvll-le'- will be up In a {^ew days, SycamoAe seems to be Aevlvlng again ^A.om Its devastations by the waA, When bAotheA gets his goods theAe theAe will be two stoAes and one blacksmiths shop In oppeAatlon, Cousin Owen and bAotheA Gus have admlnlsteAed on VoctoAS estate they appointed a sail and sold the pn.optfity tht 16th VeceivbcA., 1 wa4 aZtoMtd the. hoa^e- • hold iamttuA.z one hund^zd and ility dollaJi6 and thz ^ thlfid oi zotKy thing zlhz acoAdlng to Pa'a Mill thz ad- mlnl&tJiaton.^ had nothing to do Mlth the land thz pn.opzH.ty iold vz^ty low thzn.z wai, a vz^ty good lot o^ dn.LLg6 hold ozny zhzap, .1 wah \jzn,y pn.0Lid 0(5 thz photog/ia'^h and pJtzhznth you hznt by Couhln fannlz. I niadz Owzn a nlzz llttl'z halt and b^adzd It out o^ thz mln.lno{f] and, gn.ay you hznt him, Tzll plak and Bud 1 want thzln. photogn.a%th too to hznd thzm In a Izttzn., '/ would hznd Owznh to you l{, I zould gzt It but thzn.z Ih no zha.nzz. to gzt a platuAz nzan.zn. than Batzhvlllz, Gn.and Ma I know you would think hz Ih thz hwzztzht boy In thz won.ld. l{) you could, hzz him though hz Ih badly hpollzd to whip h.cm Ih moAz than 1 dan.z do whzn hlh unclz Guh Ih hzn.z, ■ I am vziiy hon.n.y you havz con- cludzd you can't comz to hzz mz, I do not know whzthzn. 1 will zozii gzt thzn.z on. not It hzzmh that my chanczh to go ajtz p'tzttij hllm though li an opportunity zvzr p)iz- hznth Ithzl^ I will go, ' Ijj Broth'zn. Pick comzh out hzn.z nzxt iall I want you to bz hurz and Izt Julia coirie. My health hah not bzzn good. {^on. nearly two yzarh, I had a vzry bad cough laht wlnte.r though It Ih bzttzr now, I will clohz ah I havz nothing o^^ Intzrzht to wrltz. ■ Mother hzndh hzr lovz to and. hayh hhz wanth to hzz Bud and tzll him to wrltz to hzr ah hz promlhzd to. Give my lovz to all my ^rlzndh tkzrz and bz hurz to wrltz o^tzn to your a{^lzctlonatz daughter, Harrlzt Hzrbzrt P,S, Plzahz zxcuhz thlh badly wrltzn letter I have wrote In a hurry. There Ih no poh.t oHlcz nearer to ah than BatzhVlllz ho we can't hznd.a letter any time we want to. lo Brother Dick, Bud and Julia are Richard Nathaniel Herbert, John Green Herbert and Julia Ann Herbert,, brothers and sister of the writer's husband. ' , . 2. Cousin Fannie .Hunt is Fannie Watkins who married Owen- T. ,W. Hunt. ■ 3. Owen is. Owen Thomas Watkins Hunt, first cousin of the writer's husband. , 4. Henry and'Fannie- are slaves. 5. Mrs. Henry Ewing has not'been■ identified. 6. Brother Gus is Gus Harris,' brother, of the writer. ■ ■ . . 7. Carrie Stevens has not been identified. ' ^ 8. Cousin Fannie has. not been identified-. The next letter is a third one from Harriet (Harris) Hunt to her mother-in-law Temperance Powell (Hunt) Herbert Izciftd County kn.\zi, Jane. 14tk 186 . To Po He-ftbe/it Ve.an. MotheA, I have. Matde.d tang {oa an ani,me.A to the. ta&t tzttzA I MAote. you I have, conctuded tt haA not Azac.ke.d. you and wttt wAtte. agatn oA youAi may have. 6taAted and. ^ hzQ.n de.taye.d on the Mo.y 6ome. ojheAe.. I have, nothtng thati Ofl muah tnte.Ae.^t to uiAtte. e.tthe.A moAe. than we aAz att uje.tt my heatth tz> bdtteA than It hai, be.e.n {^oA two (/ea./L.6o I have, gotten atmo6t voett o{, my eough htnee ^pAtng opened and my geneAat health t6 gAeatty tmpAoved. Owen ha^ had the cktlt/j .iome tht6 ipAtng but he looks veAy healthy and Aobust nouK BAotheA Gus and CaAAte came {Aom the- BaAAens day beioAe yesteAday they say all aAe iajcII out theAe but Buddy he has been quite sick and Is almost blind with soAe eyes they weAe woAse than they eveA had been, I am {^eaA^^ul he will eventually go entlAely blind, ■ Aunt Jennie Stevens has been In veAy bad health (jOA some time untlll Aecently she Is gaining heA usual health again, MdtheA has been gone ^oA moAe than a week to ^ see one o{^ heA slsteAs who has typhoid {^eveA and no ll-^e expected {^oa heA It seemed that oua neaAest and deaAest ^Alends aAe continually dAopplng I think moAe o^ heA than all my aunts. It Is tAue that ll-f^e Is but a dAeam at best and what ^Alends we have aAe s catteAed to the dl^^eAent paAts o{^ the wo Aid so we neveA get to see them, MotheA I do wish you ' could move out heAe l^ you cou.td get a good home so we could get to see each otheA some times, I wa.6 out at Cousin Owen Hunts week beioAe last and Aead a , letteA ^Aom BAotheA 'Pick to Goven, I was veAy woAAy to leaAn that he had declined coming. out■heAe In the {,all, I was makelng big celebAatlons and looking ^oAwaAd to ■his and Julias coming with the gAeatest delight, I have i^ound the laAge black hoAse the Yanks took ^Aom us the time they took VoctoA to Batesvllle, A man In Batesvllle owns him. We consulted a lawyeA about the case he says we can AecoveA him l^ we can sweaA to him and. we can {Ind seveAal men that know the hoAse, CAops aAe looking toleAable this yeaA eveAy body Is tAylng to make a big cAop o{t cotton and we 40 KCJitkzn,. ovzn. Q,K.opQ.d but the people tn tht^ eoun.tH.y haye been itobed and tofin up by the i>oldlen.ii and Kobben.^ that- It Jitandi, them tn bad hand to make eve^y edge out they can It look6 haad too to have to make o,otton ion, the Ted^ to get. ^ (iJe an.e gotng to have a ptente on the 4th oi July at Syeamo/ce I do ojt,6h you eould all jotn u,& Cou^tn Ou)en ti eomtng and hn.tng the gtn-li, i^Lom the Ban-Zten-i. Tell Man.tha that HenA/j ,&ay6 he want^ to ^ee heA veAy had, hut doe-i not knoco ojhen he wtll go theAe ■ he t,6 the be^jt negAo tn the woAld he wtll do any thtng ioA me that he can and th my dependent ioA help 1 don^ t ^ee how I eould get along ti he wa6 to leave me he ti> gotng to i>ee a gtAl that belonged to a ^A. HaApeA and X thtnk tt ti ht6 tntentton to maAAy heA ^he wtll make htm a ntce ivtie. ■J wtll have to elohe 1!\A. JeHeA t6 gotng to 6taAt to JaeiuonpoAt tht& moAntng and I have to eaAAy my letteA to htm I want you all to wAtte to me a^ oiten aii you ean Z am\ always anxtoui, to heaA iAom you. Owen ^endy& ht-& love to you all and 6ay6 tell aunt Julta to Atght theAe { ) ioA he kt'!>ied theAe. I hope I wtll have the pleai>uAe oi ajuweAtng a letteA it' the next ttme I WAtte gtve my love to all my iAtend,^. VouA aiieettonate daughteA _ HaAAtet HeAbeAt P.S. Please excuse tht6 letteA ioA I have wAttten tn a huAAy H. ' 1. Oweri is Owen Richard Herbert, son of the writer. 2. Brother Gus and Carrie are the writer's brother and sister-in-law. Gus and Carrie (Stevens) Harris. 3. Buddy has not been identified. - 1+. Aunt Tennis Stevens, wife of Curtis Stevens and daughter of Nancy (Davis) and Owen Thomas Watkins. 5. Cousin Owen Hunt is 'Owen Thomas'Watkins Hunt, first cousin of the writer's husband. 6. Julia is Julia Ann'Herbert, sister of the writer's husband. ' 7. Martha-must be a-slave and the mother of■ Henry who is mentioned frequently in these 'letters, ' - ■ * * * ^ 41 The following letter is from Owen Thomas Watkins Hunt to his aunt Temperance Powell (Hunt) Herbert. C'jUZd Ham May 2 3A.d 61 Vaan. Aunt Tampy. I hava not wn.lttan to you In a long tlma, too long, 1 thtnk I got no anscoaA to my la/jt lattan. but that m no axwrna ^on. I conitdan. It a duty to M/itta to you .a-4 long ai, I Itva, I iaal thankful, to i/jay^ at all ttmm that we aAe all well oa I may except Itttle Maggie, B^otke^ Jo'i little glfil, we have ^al-ied. She ha6 been In delicate health 6lnce la6t ^all and I , iean.. will neven. entln.ely n.ecoven. {^Jiom It, Heft lungl a/ie dl-iea^ed, BAothet Jo'^ ^oAtunately m well and the kin and countAy In good health geneAally, We have had a veAy backwaAd -ipAlng and veAy un- ■^avoAable ^oA cotton upon the pAo-ipect.6 o{, which the pAoipeAlty~ 01 ouA countAy m dependent. We aAe ■.^aAmlng ^ome and have some gAound Aented out and think with a good season we will make plenty to eat, the {lASt consldeAatlon you know and some money. We have a new stock Ojf good, and aAe selling veAy {^ast but I {^eaA too much on a cAedlt tho' we tAy to sell ^oA cash. We had some cotton sunk on the Miss, RlveA and oua Com, MeAchant collected the InsuAance and bAoke and we aAe quite uneasy {^oa {^eaA we lose It, Should we loose It ouA pAospects ^oa the yeaA will be consldeAably Acduced, TheAe Is nothing paAtlculaAly new oa exciting heAe we aAe all quiet and peaceable, How I must say s omethlng o^ my sweet little baby. It's head. Is not Aed. as we thought It would be and besides It Is both pAetty and. extAa smaAt, It Is veAy healthy and Is laAge and ^at. Its skin Is {^alA and eyes blue but I think will be daAk, dlHy Is In good health and Is a good wl^^e, SlsteA Is out on the AlveA on a visit. She went out with Gus. HaAA.ls and CaAAy, I wo,s out a lew weeks ago and lound Cousin Ha.AAlet and Owen well. Cousin H, has heA land Aented out and will make plenty to suppoAt heA and Owen, HeA laAm Is v.eAy Alch and the Aent will help them In ease and comloAt, HeA health Is not entlAely good as you- know, I. want you to WAlte all the news take thAee oa Ioua days loA-It.WAltlng a little eveAy day until you tell iiie about eveAy body, I dont know that I. shall evea see my native land.' again but {^eel anxious, to heaA {^Aom you all, Bao Jo will go on In a ^ew months peA- haps stop to see you,. I think li I live about a yeaA 42 tki& 'i go on and tfig to i,Q.Q. you att^ 'On., dJatktn-i ha^ ju-it n.&tun.md i^n-oiv Bo4>ton, Mzuj . ■ 0 Von,k B Vktta and e-i^zatzd a. .!> attZ^rmnt o^ thztn. dzbti, tkzn.z, I kopz thzy may hoon gzt out oi thztn. zrn- ban.n.ai&zd' ztn.za\n6tanczi,, 1 zxpJizi6zd iomz rnonzy to Bztzki?] 6omz irionth-6 ago and kavz hzafid. notktng {]n.om It, -I wtih you. (/Jould ■ tzll 'Otck to znqutJiz Oj$ htm about It, "L izan. tt kai, not J-izazkzd ktm, Tztl ktm to vjKltz tmmzdtatzly, I i/jant a tzttzn. {^n.om ktm any kow, (i{y Ittttz babz ka6 bzzn puZltng at my papzn. and . bZoiOtng kzn. ZtttZz b'ikt&tZ'z 6o I zouZd not i,>)n.ttz a^ 1 ougkt, , ■ ■ Bthtzn. can wattz kzn. oion kt^tony but I ujtZZ ^ay ■ onz tkt'ng -6kz ivtZZ Zzavz out and tkat t4> -ikz ti tkz- bz-&t gtn.Z tn tkz i/Jon.Zd, 'Ozan. Aunt 'ajz kavz zkun.zk zvzay &abatk and 1 am pKoud to i,ay tkz zau&z oi God t.i tn a pao^pz^toui zondttton • kzn.z, St^tzn. and I u/znt to gn., conizn.zncz a izi/j iabatk^ 4i ago at Evzntng Skadz a ZtttZz town twzZvz mtZz.6 iaom ■. kzn.z and kzantd. oun. nzw P,ld, pn.zazk, Hz t& a mtnt&tzn.. oi ktgk o^Ldzn. oi taZznt and a good ^pzakzn., I /ittZZ a^k you to n^zmzmbzn. mz tn youn. pn.ayzn.-i, ion. I am iun.z ti any ka-i, iavon. wttk God you kavz and my gn.zatzi>t ziionti, tn Ztiz t& to hz a good man and a Gkn.t^ttan, 4* Qtvz my .bz.i,t wtikzi, to aZZ and tzZZ my in.tznd-& to wn.ttz and 'you mu&t wn.ttz, Lovz to tkz cktZdn.zn, Goodby and may God b£e44 you and youn.-b, Voun. nzpkzw, T, Hunt Mn..6, T. P, HzJibz^it 1. Little Maggie, is the daughter of Joseph B. Hunt.and niece of the writer. 2. Brother Jo is Josephus Bonapart Hunt, brother of the writer. 3. Jiffy appears to be the writer's wife. Records indicate , he married Fanhie Gray Vtatkins. 4. Sister is Fannie Green Hunt., sister, of the writer.' 5. Gus Harris and Carry is the brother of' Harriet (Harris) Hunt and his wife. 6. Cousin Harriet and Owen is the wife of the .writer's deceased Cousin Joseph B. Herbert and Owen is' their son. 7. Dr. Watkins is a .brother of ;the writer's- mother.. ; 8. Dick is Richard- Nathaniel Herbert., ^'cousin .of "the writer. is. ii i'i ■ L ' 43 Another letter from Owen Thomas WatkinsHunt to- his aunt. Wi-td l-!amy A/ik^ August 12th 1867 Vzun. Aunt; Voun, eue/L tzttzn.s kuvo. bean fiuthzn. slow2.s, than usuaZ oh. I hav2. be.e.n maH. My own health has not been good. In iact I have' been unable to nlde pant oi the time ion a iew weeks inom my old disease. It has been veny healthy, ion six on eight months past and consequently I have had but little nldlng to d.o and now In this •excessively wanm weathen I am kavln-g nldlng to do, I have thought I would quit nldlng but It seems can not, Bnothen Jo begs me to quit says I can not stand It, Jeiile, Slsten and oun sweet babe ane all well, Bno, Jo'^ little boy Owen has the ilu but I think only .lightly his iamlly Is well with that exception. His wlie I's neven well. He & wlie have just ketunned inom the Sulphun Spnlngs, I wish you could see-oun sweet little babe It Is hea.tthy and iat and'good, and pnetty too. Can walk and Jeiile says thene Is no mone as nean peniectlon, Oun cnops ane veny pnomlslng consldenlng the Spnlng, Wheat was not good, Co.nn li we should have one mone naln will be neasonably good, I am sonny to hean oi John Hunt's mlsiontune, I am veny anxious to have him move out hene and think we will have an opening ion him as we ane about establishing anothen stone at Wild Haws arid have need oi mone kelp and mone means, Oun pnotnacted■meetings ane going on all oven ■ the countny and much good seems going. Cousin Hannlet and. little Owen Henbent ane out ' hene spending the summen and I enjoy It veny much inom the iact oi theln society and that I ^ee£. glad to extend, to them the kindness you showed to Slsten. I will even love you all ion that cause li thene was nothing else --ud you to me. 41+ Oa/L cuiz nQ,afilij all gone oi^ nzcuK Ba.te.^vlZZt tko'' tko^y odddiloncLly comz and ^eem glad to ua, Tlmy aHQ. loo-itng all tkQ.lH. akllditun, In {.aatf tkzy do # not Iznoi/j hoi/J to pn.ovtd'Z and takz aaAz o{, aktldlzn and tke .itck and kzncz tkz^ac.z{?) v)tll not tnutza&z bat, diotndlz atvay It ti, not anntktlatzd by a coniltct oi /laazi, ' 1 kopz you may iucczzd tn locating yoan. ckafick and tkat you will call It H&b/ton. f/Jky can't Vlck w/iltc to mc? 1 cxp^c^Acd -home money to Bank{?) 0)5" hkukvlllc ion. klm and cannot lcan.n any thing oi It, Tell klm to let me knooo a& 6oon d6 po^ilblz and al&o when he expect to inaany, I wa^ glad to kean, in.om nelgkbon^ and, my old iilend,^ io^i but iew o{ them wnlte to me and tkey but nanely, Tkat my native .. land and what little good tkene l& In me. wai> Implanted, tkene by my deaJi depan.ted Mao It wa.6 tkene I ilut began to build iloweny palaces to he -tkeJted by the ^ummeJt'i) fiayji)} tken.e my ?a li bunted.} tkene dean ne- latlve-i, and intends to wkom tke love o-i a pane gushing kind went ionth not nendened by a knowledge oi tke little conildence to be put In human natune; tkene too I was In a inee land and my klndned and intends wene sovenelgns oi the land, could votCf and wene not shackeled by Inhuman tynants, But alas, alas wkene ane we now, tkeln cklldnen, ^ The keojit bleeds} tke soul nevolts — I love to swell on those scenes, to hean inom those intends. It Is an anodyne makes me ionget the pnesent, oblivious oi . .p tke woe , li we ane not dlstunted In oun counse and meet with no III luck oun pnospects ane well enough, We ane hand at wonk and have plenty oi evenytklng anound us to make us coniontable, I have no deslne to become nick neven had In my Hie on since'I have been a man. and had. my. eyes opened. It adds nothing to happiness . but dlstnacts- and dnaws up inom oun God makes us calus and Inhuman, . Old Jonny Man Is still alive, I saw him' a skon.t time since. He looks well and Is still boldly battling against the 'Stnong holds oi the 'Devil, as he says. He Is a giant In the chun'ch. Stands boldly up ion the old Methodist doctnln,- I have been too lengthy and' hope you will excuse me, I will ventune to say howeven we ane expecting a big time next sund.ay at out cKunek at gn, meeting. It Is thought tkenejWlll be two thousand pensbns out, Oun P,E, Is a masonic lectunen and will give a lectune on Tuesday., iollowlng which with the meeting 0 Is attnactlng 'SO muck . Tell .all. my old inlnds to wnlte'- and' all my.love. All' send, love. 45 Voun.^ 0.4 e,v(i/i ■ 0\ T. Hunt \ PoS. B/t-Oo Jo i>tci!iti> {lOH. Qoodi, In a. ^q.w i/Jee.kA lo Little Maggie, the writer's nieceo 2, Brother Jo is the writer's brother, Josephus Bonapart Hunt. 3. Jiffy is the writer's wife. 4o Sister is Fannie Gray Hunt. 5. John Hunt must be John Ogilvie Hunt, first cousin of the writer and son of William Carroll Hunt and Elizabeth Ames (Ogilvie) Hunt. 6. Cousin Harriet and Owen Herbert, wife and son of Joseph B. Herbert. 7. Hebfon Church is the present day Nolensville Baptist Church. It was o.riginally a Methodist church. 8. Dick is Richard Nathaniel Herbert, first cousin of the writer. The following letter is from Joseph Bonapart Hunt to his cousin William Carroll Hunt, a lawyer, who lived on the old Hunt place on Concord Road and Edmondson Pike. It contains a description of a tornado and was written in 1884. It, proves that the people did survive the Civil War and its aftermath and that they did again prosper. 0^ Hunt Ba.04. Caik Viiat2,n.& tn tz/ty Good-6, CtotktnQ, P>oot&, Shoe.6^ Hat-i, Cap^ Ptantatton SuppZte6 B c. La CKoi-ij Fcby 3 1S84 (fJm G. Hunt -- Vea/i Cou^tn, In toolztng ovtfi otd pap&A-i, bZown out o{j aun. i>ton.Q,^ I ^ound a tQ.tte->i {^fiom you wfitttzn soim 10 y2.au ago, Vont know Mho Mn.ot2, Jia&t, but tkz te,tt^^ &ugg2iit2.d . to me that oua. coue.6pondenee ^koutd be renewed, I -iuppo^e you have kean.d 0^ ou/l de^tAuetton, 46 On tkz moaning at about 3k o'aZoak we we^e ■St/iuck by a. 6to^in ok cycZont hZowtng down about 30 houie.i tn ouk town ktZZtng two pzKiion-i> outatght wounding about 40 othe.yU, One. o^ the.m dZe.d in about a weefe. liy dweZZing was bZown down thzKe. we.K& 7 2 pe.Ksons in it aZZ. o^ us cor/ie out aZive., but the. most 0(j us >tzc.e.i'je.d some wounds, to Zook at the. WKzalz a^teK the. stoKm it haJidZy Zooks Zike. any o^ us aouZd ■zsaapa, I supposa a man who gozs thKough a battZe. S c.o!ine.s out aZive. aoaZdn't' telz how he. e.sc.ape.df that is about my aonaZusion in this that we. escaped but don't know how, God pKovided {^ok us and protected us, OuK stone house was bZown down and .the goods scattened ion miZes, i'Jhat we got wene aZZ in a damaged condition. The stonm was ^oZZowed by a considenabZe nain which dnenched us aZZ^ with nothing but night cZothes on untiZZ we couZd gathen up such as we couZd ^ind, I got, my chiZdnen^ the smaZZen ones together, and covened them ap with a quiZt B bZanket, I went anound baneiooted sticking naiZs in my ^eet untiZZ I -^ound an oZd pn o^ shoes. To add to oun distness ouK ZittZe 10 yn oZd ginZ jumped into the cistenn which had been uncovened by the stonm. She thought she was going unden the edge o{, the £Zook whene I dinected the chiZdnen to get when I was puZZed out {^Kom bZown ooen it, M' eZZie nemained in the cistenn untiZZ Vn, Hunt came ^nom his house 6 got hen out, 1 suppose it was 2 5, minutes she was in, I had Zet my oZdest T6oy down to hen by a shee't, but he couZd not keep him- seZ{, out o{i the waten. & tie it aKound HeZZie, The watea wa.s. about 4k ^eet deep. She caught to the pump chain and heZd heKseZi up out o^ the waten. by the assistance oi a pZank to put' hen. ^eet on which had bZqwn into the cisteKn, kiten. we got hen. out, the iamiZy started to my wi{^e's sisten.'s house, MoZZie & H' eZZie had to be caKKied . .they weKe the onZy ones sen.iousZy hun.t, I Kemained at the wneck untiZ about day Zight,. Then.e wen.e 9. o{, us oh one ^Zooa when the house went aZZ in Keacfi o^ each othen. the oi the tn.ee coven.ed 4 0^ us B one Zimb went d.in.ec.tZy acKoss the ZittZe bed wheae thn.ee . the .chiZdn.en wen.e sZeeping, Mt/ wii^e heaad the stoKm coming B had gone in the iKont Koom and got the two oZden. gin.Zs into oun.- n.oom' had started in the othen. n.oom to get the boys up, but a negn.0 woman who is living with us caught 'hen. B stoped hen. and saved hen. Zi{^e by doing so, ^on. had she gone on she wouZd have, been caught, unden. the chimney. My oldest'son was blown about 30 steps B lodged against the Ko'ot oi^ a thee^ that had blown up. Two Zan.ge n.ockS ^^'Kom .the l chimney.. wen.e blown on the bed when.e he was lying, The.otheK two boys 'clinched each othen. and Kemained on the bed. They say .the sheet was m blomi o{ii ^-^orn undeA them. The ieiM hou-ie^ that i/JeAe leit we^e cAowded ivtth the ioounded and otheA^ and a^ ^ ioon 0.4 tt wa4 dayttght at^ o'feo eoaZd i/jent to thetA hornet B got a-& maeh o^ thetA eZothtng ai they eouZd itnd. The nem oi eoaA^e -ipAead .and the people -^Aom the netghbouAhood come tn and gtve as such assis tance as they could, though tt Aatned the most 0|^ the day & tn _the evening abt 3 0.C. tt even pouAed down and a heavy wind accompanied the Aatn which iAlghtened us all veAy much. A widow lady living In town with only thAee two o.jf heA chlldAen a boy 18 B glAl abt 13. They weA.e killed , by the, chimney {^ailing on them. She was neaAly killed but Is AecoveAlng. , Bill It was a desolate d.lstAesslng moAnlng Indeed. To heaA 'the cAles oi the dlstAess B see the su{^ieAlng Ojf the people who weAe wounded the dAeaAy Aalny day with chuAches academy and oua dwellings In ^Aagments It was almost moAe than we could. beaA. \Aen coming In to see us could but cAy like chlldAen. One lady came Ih & was so hoAAoA stAlcken that she vomited as though she had taken an emetic. Va. was only In the edge o{^ the stoAm his baAn & smoke house was blown down & thAee hoAses killed, but his dwelling escaped. The good people helped us by sending In ™ 1 bed.dlyig clothing pAovlslons and. money to supply OUA Immediate wants. HeaAly evely body saved some- thing. (iJe saved oua {^eatheA bed out o{i {,oua oa {^Ive and'the most o^ oua bed clothing » One bed blown ^Aom MelbouAne nelghbouAlng town was iound 20 miles away. Hlnkle who was killed at MelbouAn had a gold watch In his vest pocket which was {,ound. about the same d.lstance with the chain toAn Into In two places. The stoAm did not, coveA so much teAAltoAy at MelbouAne as heAe but the^Q- wcAe moAe lives lost all howeveA In one {^amlly. Hlnkle his wl^e two chlldAen B his wl^e^s UsteA, weAe all killed B buAled In one gAave. Mas. Hlnkle's body was seveAed piom heA waist up was ■^ound In one place heA legs In anotheA and heA IntAeds paAt 0^ them weAe ^ound aAound a sapling, thelA baby about 9 months old was blown about 200 yaAds. The stoAm commenced 2 00 miles west us Alslng B fall ing nothing touched .^oa SO miles west o^ h mile oi MelbouAne theAe on {^oa 125 miles It went neaAeA the gAound teaAlng down eveAythlng•In Its Aea.ch one lli^e lost east o^ this place. A Aecelpt ^OA a Reg letteA was sent to the P.M. at this place ^Aom Mo. some ISO mlles' that ^we suppose was blown ^Aom heAe the P.M. sending said It was .^ound In an out o^ the way place B supposed, the letteA had. been Aobbed but- the Mo coAAespondlng with Aecelpt Aeached Its. destination OK and'th'e AetuAn Aecelpt was on ^lle In the P.O. ' heAe. 1+8 Sxnce. thz ^toum we 0.K2. all {^filghtzYidd zvzJiy lime It. clouds up OH, tk^ wind blow6 ve,H.y kaH.d. I don't know whzn we will g^t ovzJi It> I wa^ ntvtn, aiaald. In a % i,toH.m untlll ^IncLZ tkli> one, and on tkz- nlgkt we W2.H.W blown' down I was not ^H.lgkte.md It was ovzn. so quick I did not kavz tlmz to tklnk o^ d.angzH., untlll It was all ovzJL, Bill V could WJiltc a vcKy vcay long IzttzH. giving you Incidents o{ tkc stoH,m but guess I kave wH,ltten enougk, I believe Maggie sent Julia a pap en. giving the detailsc > Vh.. has gone to Louisville to see ouh.: cH.edltoH.s, We ■aH.e almost {financially H.ulned, The {alluH,e ln. CH.ops ' and some stoH.es kad entangled us and we ex pected this wlntQJi to get neaHly out oi debt but alas we know not what Is awaiting us, I have eight living cklldH.en {oua In the gH.ave, My . oldest boy was 21 In Sept My oldest glnl 10 In Jany My youngest living Is 6 yH.s 5 o{ them aH.e pH.o{essoKS thH.ee membe^ts o{f the.M,E, chuHch S, The otheH. two kave not joined yet. We have about 100 membeH.s belonging' to ouh. chuH.ck keH.e, Tkeee ane two otken. . ckuH.ch organizations here not so large a membership as the M,E,S, We' kad preaching In the academy today [which has been rebuilt since the Cyclone] {or the g {first since the storm, except once In a private house, ■ We had a very .{Ine ' sabbath school before the storm re opened tod,ay with a good attendance, • ■ « I am one oi the teachers and trust I am doing some work {or my master In this way, J {eel that J am a very ieeble Christian and have done but little toward ad vancing the cause oi Christ, but I am proud that 1 have done what I have even the little mite Is better than no mite, I kave been a''member oi the. church since 65-and only regret that 1. did not commence sooner, I shal.t endeavor to . children up In the {ear and nurture oi the lord and let my Iniluence not be conilned to my own {lock, but use my Iniluence-with others In that direction, !■ hope you and Jno are both pro{essors and. are. using'. your Iniluence {or good, I know you are-li you , heed- .the teachings oi my dear Aunt and your. Ma, I ' ; oiten. go back. In my. imaginations to your Pa. -. think oi the pleasant 'hours spent with you all- Uncle. Bill, has ever been my- ' iav.or-.---r My uncle - since-':.J stayed. With him, your-.good Christian Ma was. so- kind deserve kali the kindness I received at her hands. Boys try and meet-her- In ; heaven, ' ■ ■ Lizzie I almost know Is on-her way there-, -. G.od bless her.^' she was- such -d sweet child, 1 would:. -be glad to visit you all tho I know I would miss Aunt:.. -. ' Bettle when T was last at your house I took, a long cry I missed Uncle Bill, Give my love to your dear good 4-9 thdy 6ay ^ko. a nobte. woman at^o to John 3 ht6 wt^a Ltzztz & kin. man and aZl o{^ yoan. c.ktZdae.n. ,I55 l!JA.ttz to m& and tzZl tkz otkun.^ to wfiltz. UotZlo, &znd& kan. ktnd n,Q,Qan.di, to yoa att. Sk& o^ten taZk-6 0^ kea vt&tt to yoa att and tke, ktnd t-nzat- * m^nt yoa gave. ke.n.^ Skow Bad and JaZta tkt6 and ./ te.ZZ tktm to wfitte. to r/ie. May we aZZ me.e.t tn kzave.n. Watte.^ Voaa coa^tn JoB. Hant I Ze.aan aoa^tn C.n.atg& boy ti> at doc.ki>. Mo4^ go to -iee ktm, 1. DTo Hunt's identity is unknown. 2. John is probably John Ogilvie Hunt, son of VJilliam Carroll Hunt and first cousin of the writer. 3. Lizzie is probably Elizabeth Hunt, who married David Edmondson, daughter of VJilliam Carroll Hunt and first ■ cousin of the writer. 4. Aunt Bettie is probably Elizabeth Ames (Ogilvie) Hunt. 5. Uncle Bill is probably VJilliam Carroll Hunt. ■ 6. Mollie has not been identified. ^ 7. Bud is probably John Green Herbert. ^ 8, Julia is Julia Ann Herbert. I 9. 0. T. Craig has not been identified. 51 WILLIAMSON COUNTY AND THE MAIL TO 1862 By: George F. VJatson \ The forerunner of the postal system in Williamson County be-' gan about 1639 when the colonies were very young and their method- ■ of communication was very sim.ple - word of mouth, message or let- ■ ter. The messages and the letters they gave to a friend who gave them to a friend who gave them to a friend and maybe they would reach there intended destination and then again maybe they■ wouldn't. It soon became apparent, to the colonists that this mail- delivery system had to be improved upon and much better organized. So in: 1639 The first real effort at organizing the postal system be gan when the first colonial post office for the collection of mail was established by order of the General^Court - of .Massachusetts on November 5, 1639 in Boston at the house of Richard Fairbanks for, "All letters which are brought from "beyond the seas, or are to be m sent thither." Fairbanks was accountable to the authorities in r« charge of the colony. . Then in: 1672 Governor Loveland of the New York colony set up a monthly mail service, between New York and Boston. The path traveled be tween the two cities eventually becam.e known as the "Boston Post Road," In: 1677 The General Court of Massachusetts formally appointed John Haywood, identified as "the Scrivener" to accept and convey to specified addresses letters given to hini" In: ■ 1683 William Penn, proprietary Governor of Pennsylvania est ablished a post office -in Philadelphia in July. 1683 and appointed Henry Waddy as postmaster. In: 1692 King William and Queen Mary, through.the Virginia General ■Assembly, still trying to. improve the system, granted Thomas Neale a twenty-one year patent empowering him to set up a postal ^ service in the American colonies. This was done on February 17, 1692. The system failed because he could not guarantee de- • livery. . The- first postmaster general was Andrew Hamilton ■ who-;-was appointed April 4, 1692 by the postmaster general of^ 'Great,-Britain 52 under an Act of Parliament of April 1692- establishing post offices in the American colonies. 1700 This year the British Government authorized Colonel John Ha milton of New Jersey to set up a continental postal system, also ■giving him a monopoly to run for twenty-.one .years. The monopoly ■■was cancelled in 1710. 1710 This year the British Parliament, during Queen Anne's reign, established the first truly national postal system in the American'colonies. 1737 . This year the deputy postmaster general for. the colonies ap pointed Benjamin Franklin postmaster at Philadelphia to regulate the activities of the entire Colonial postal service. 17 53 Benjamin Fran.klin and VJilliam Hunter were appointed co- jointly as deputy .postmaster general by the Crown. Franklin was dismissed from his. post as American deputy postmaster general ,in 1774. 17 7'5 On July 26, •177-5 5 Benjamin 'Franklin Wc^s .appointed the first postmaster general by the Continental Congress ■ salary $1.,00 0.' a r 1776 This yea-r-Franklin turned the office over ..to' Richard Bache, his- son-in-law who held the office until 1782 when Eb.enezer .Hazard became postmaster. 1789 'The first postmaster general under constitutional government was Samuel Osgood., appointed September '22, 'ITSg' by Georg.e .VJash- ington. He was subordinate to' Alexander' Hamilton', Secretary of the Treasury. Heretofore, the office was of cabinet rank. At this time there were seventy-five .post offices and two thousand miles, of, pos tal roads. He was succeeded, by Timo.thy Pickering. 1.8Op . Joseph. .Habersham succeeded Timothy Pickering. .'ISO'S ;■ .Williamso.n County in Tennessee had one post .Oiff-ice.' . It was located-.in Frank-Lin', 755. miles from ;..the c.apitol .in...Washington. There- were 2.7 other post offices.in Tennessee - L',258: nation-wide. 1804 Record's" are' not compls'te for" the year's 1804'-1810' except it is khown' that there wdre''still twenty-seven post offices in Tenn essee. ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' Nashville Cover I ^ RARE; showing one of the first 2 stamps used with the Nashville postmark of the year of issuance of the ... stamp - 1847 y ■ "h'/y • 't- /'" Franklin College (Tenn.) Dated April 27, 1870 It shows scarce manuscript type postmark. Stamp used is of the 1869 series of the 3 Both covers and stamps in collection of Mrs, Dan C, Rudy, Nashville, Tenn. 53 .1811 In I8II5 there were 58 post offices in Tennessee including one in Leiper's Fork, Jesse White, postmaster,' located 775 miles from the capitol in Washington, and one in Franklin, Thomas • Masterson, postmaster, and Franklin is 10 miles closer to the capitol in Washington. 1813 Leiper's Fork post office was discontinued, by 18l3'. ' ■ Franklin has a new postmaster, Charles McAlister, and' the., mileage from the capitol in Washington is now 769. Ninety-three-other post offices in Tennessee. In October 1813, there were 2,977 post offices nation-wide. 1819 In 1819, the United States consisted of 22 states, 2 ter^ ritorial governments and the -District of Columbia - Maine was a part of the state of Massachusetts. Franklin had the only post office in Williamson County, Charles McAlister was still the - ■ postmaster and the mileage from the capitol in Washington had de creased tvjo miles to 767. The next eleven years showed a rapid increase in post offices. 1830 Williamison County had nine post offices and a new column' was added to the table of statistics - mileage from Nashville to the post office as of October 1, 1830: MILES MILES DROPPED FROM FROM / BY OFFICE POSTMASTERS WASHINGTON NASHVILLE 1842 1. Bellboro Jonathon Norman 706 32 1842 : 2. Cotton Port James W. VJilson — 1842 3. Franklin (C. H.) Robert P. Currin 732 18 4. Good Spring Collins McDaniel 726 18 5. Hardiman's Crossroads Bailey Hardiman 714 24 6. Harpeth William. S, Isfebb 712 26 1842 7. Hightov/er' s Store P.obert Hightower 724 26 1842 8. Nolensville James Johnson 720 18 9. Versailles Richard Ranson — 1810 By 1840 Williamson.County had fifteen post offices. Act ually, there were only fourteen because on October 2, 1840 Ver sailles became a part of Rutherford County. § 514 MILES MILES FROM FROM •POST OFFICES POSTMASTERS WASHINGTON NASHVILLE 1. Barren Isaac Tr^orney ' ■ 707 25 —- 2. Bethesda JamesrG. Henderson . — ■ 3, Garter's Creek . Joseph Burnett 707 30 4. Eagleville Chesley Williams 690 27 5, Good Spring Collins McDaniel 697 t3 . 6. Franklin (C. H.) H. H. Hobbs 695 18 7. Hardiman's Crossroads Edward L. Johnson 686 24 8, Harpeth I4illiam S. VJebb 690 27 9, Leiper's Fork George A. Conn 703 26 10. Nolensville John Molen • 693 17 11. Owen Hill Richard C. Owens -— 12. Peytonsville George Andrews 693 27 13. Pinkney Mark S, Andrews 705 28 14. ■Rigg's Crossroads Gideon Riggs 694 31 15. Versailles-'- M. L. Covington' 701 38 ■'•Became part of Rutherford County October 2, 1840. 1845 First postmaster general from Tennessee was Cave Johnson who served from March 7, 10145 to March 8, 1849. The adhesive postage stamp was adopted for use during his term of,off ice. (See "1847") 1846 The book containing the compilation of statistics as of October 1, 1840, was used as a newspaper clipping file. Whoever it was that did this dastardly act, pasted newspaper clippings on every page of the record. However, through devious means it was determined the list of post offices in Williamson County did not change except a, post pffipe in Hills Valley was added, Robe.r't .Hill, postmaster. 1847 -POSTAGE STAMP: a paper adhesive■label used as'an official mark signifying ,that a duty or tax ..has-been' paid, Thiis devise ushered in a new era of sophistication in postal' ■■development•. Great ,'B,ritain was first to use the;,.adhesive stamp with ..th.eir now famous Penny Biack and Twopenny Blue■ of•■■1840',' Six other oo-untries followed suit and thus began a worldwide postal system. ■ ' ■ The ■ United States ■ was the fourth country • to adopt the use of the adhesive postage stamps. It was first' issued under an act of Congress March 3, 1847 arid placed on sale at New.York,'N. Y, , July 1, 1847, The first stamps bore the likenesses of Geo. Washing ton and Ben Franklin, The design for the 10 cent Washington stamp was derived from a famous portrait by Gilbert Stuart and the picture of Franklin came from a painting by James B, Lqngacre. 55 This issue was declared invalid as of July 1^ 1851, Five years later on January 1,^ t 1851 Williamson County had nineteen post offices but the mileages were omitted from the statistics. The record of mileages from the capitol in Washington and to the various post offices in the country was used as a lever to pry more money out of the Treasury Department, i.e. On March 3, 1793, with a total of 195 post offices in the U. S. 845,000 miles were travelled on 5,64 miles of post roads. On January 23, 1803, there were 1,283 post offices and 3,504,800 miles travelled, ergo; more miles travelled more money. As of January 1, 1851 the nineteen post offices in Williamson County were; POST OFFICE POSTMASTERS ! / 1. Arrington William G. Ozburn 2. Barren James A. Cunningham 3; Bethesda James A. Henderson 4. Boston Seth Sparkman 5. Eagleville Chesley Williams 6. Franklin (C. H.) Richard M. Crook 7. Good Spring James M. Reed 8. Harpeth Bernard M. Hatcher 9. Hill's Valley Jam.es B. Hill 10. Jordan's Store Johnson Jordan 11. Leiper's Fork William A. Rogers 12. Mount Nebo John Richardson 13. Nolensville John Nolen 14. Peytonsville John Crichlow 15. Pinkney n Mark M. Andrews 16. Rigg's Crossroads Gideon Riggs 17. Triune James Morton 18. West Harpeth Charlep F. Wall 19. White House Henry Ragsdale 1857 March 7, a Tennessee man, Aaron V. Brown, was appointed postmaster general. The Federal Postal Department went along rather smoothly for the next ten years with no change. The next major effort at expanding the mail service was the Pony Express which took place in: 1860 When a notice appeared in a San Francisco newspaper "Wanted - young skinny, wiry fellows not over 18, must be expert riders, willing to risk death daily. - Orphans preferred. Wages $25 a week". A circular in St. Joseph, Missouri, had a different version, "Wanted - young men between 19 and 25 years, strong and 56 healthy - weigh under 130 pounds - good moral characters read and write ~ previous experience with horses. $100 a month rising'to $150 and found", "Found" meaning free food and lodging.- The Pony'Express when fully equipped comprised 190 stations-,- about 420 horses, 400 station men and assistants, and 80 riders, one of which was William F. Cody (Buffalo Bill). He was 15 years old - youngest rider to carry the mail. His run was between Red Buttes and 3 crossings on- the Sw-eetwater. The first courier, John W, "Billy" Richardson-, of the Pony Express left St, Joseph, Missouri on- Tuesday, April 3, 1860 at 5:00 o'clock: p.m., for Sacramento, California. A second courier left'Sacramento at the same time heading for St. Joseph, A record run from St. Joseph to-Sacramiento was 8 days and 9 hours. Ten days to San Francisco, The Pony Express formerly went out of business October 24, 1861. It lasted 16 months and cost its investors $200,000. 1861 The Pacific Telegraph began sending messages from coast to coast on October 24, 1861, thus putting the Pony Express out of business and beginning a new era of rapid communication. This same year disaster - struck the southern postal services. Montgomery Blair, for whom -the Blair- House in Washington is named, was ap pointed postmaster general. He took office March 9, 1861 and his. first official act was to close down post offices in disloyal states, Tennessee was one of them. However, Franklin kept its-post office with A. W. Moss, postmaster. Christiana, had a post office but no postmaster was assigned. ' Christiana became part of Rutherford County May 24 , 1894., 57 BIBLIOGRAPHY Adams, Samuel H., THE POMY EXPRESS: N. Y», Random House, 1950= Beatty, Jerome Jr= , HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED?: N. Y,, McFadden Book, 1962= Bradley, Glen D=, THE STORY OF THE PONY EXPRESS: McClung, Chicago, 111=3 1913= Chester County Historical Society. LIST OF. POST OFFICES IN THE ' U= S= 1803, Westchester County, Pa= COLLIER'S ENCYCLOPEDIA: N= Y= , McMillan Educational Co= , 1980. Cullinan, Gerald, THE POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT: N= Y., Praeger, 1968. DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY: ■ N. Y., Charles Scribner's Sons, 1937. ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA: N= Y., Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1973= : \ ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WORLD BIOGRAPHY: N. Y. ^ McGraw Hill, 1973. Kane, J, N., FAMOUS FIRST FACTS: N. Y., H. W= Wilson Co., 1964. Moore, Barbara and Honor Holland, THE ART OF POSTAGE STAMPS. Walker 8" Co., N. Y., N= Y = Scheele, Carl, SHORT HISTORY OF THE MAIL SERVICE. Washington, D. C., Smithsonian Institution Press, 1970. -Scott's U= S. STAMP CATALOGUE, 1980. 5 Smith, Bernie, THE JOY OF TRIVIA: N= Y., Bell Publishing Co., 19 76. Summerfield, Arthur, U. S. MAIL: The story of the U. S. Postal Service: N. Y., Holt, Rinehart S Winston, 1960. U. S. Post Office.- POSTAGE STAMPS OF THE U. S. U. ,S. Govt. Printing Office, 1966= U. S. Postal Department. LIST OF POST OFFICES IN U. S. VJalker, George, HASTE, POST HASTE: POSTMEN AND POST ROADS THROUGH THE AGES. 1938. Harrap, Geo. G. S Co., Ltd., United Kingdom. WORLD ALMANAC S BOOK OF FACTS: Newspaper Enterprise Association, ■ Inc. 1974. 5S THWEATT FAMILY OF WILLIAMSON COUNTY By: Gary Alan VJebb' The name Thw'eatt in V(?illiamson County is a rare and unusual name which has been spelled in as many different ways as it has been mispronounced: viz., Thweat, Threat Thweate, Threet, Thret, etc.' Such an odd sounding name has created a great deal of speculation as to its origin and the lineage of this old American family. It is believed that the Thweatts' of Williamson County, Tennessee can trace their ancestry back to Michael Thweatt of Lancashire County, England, but that the surname Thweatt is act ually Danish in origin. This theory is, based upon the fact that the name Thweatt is not Germanic in origin as are most English names and in Denmark there exists three (3) place-names called Thwaite. With a little imagination it can be said that the Thweatts were among the Vikings who sailed from Denmark in the Ninth Century to conquer and settle what is now Lancashire County, "England. Lancashire is located in the northwestern part of Eng land on the Irish Sea, and after the invasion of the Vikings, became part of the Danish Kingdom of Northumbria. The Scandi navians who colonized Lancashire have left their mark by the numerous place-names and personal names that still remain in this area today. In England, the Thweatt family can be localized in the county ^of Lancashire as early as 1654 when Mi'chael Thweatt wrote his last will and testament. M-ichael Thweatt was from the town of Little Boulton near Manchester. Among his children were John and James, who at the time of their father's death, had families of their own. This'Michael Thweatt is believed to be the father or grandfather of Captain James Thweatt, the first Thweatt of re cord in Am.erica. Captain James Thweatt c^ame to Virginia in 1659, at the age . ' 1 of 16, and settled in Charles City,County. In 1670, he received a land grant of 600 acres for the transportation of 12 people to Virginia. This land was located on the south side of the Appomattox River in what was later to become Prince George County. 60 Captain James Thweatt resided in Prince George County until his death in the early IVOO's. From the existing records, it appears that Captain James had at least three sons; (1) James, Jr. (2) John (3) Henry. There are no surviving records of who Captain James Thweatt mar ried. Many think that he was married two or three times, and that in 1701 he married Judith Soane, the daughter of William Soane, Burgess for Henrico County, and the granddaughter of Major Henry Soane, Speaker of the House of Burgess. However, this appears unlikely as Captain James Thweatt would have been 58 years old at the time of the marriage. It. is more likely that James Thweatt, Jr., was the one who mar,ried Judith since his brother John Thweatt married Judith's sister, Elizabeth Soane. • In any event, the Thweatts of Williamson County are des.- , cended through Henry Thw.eatt, the son of Captain James Thweatt. Henry was born ca. 16S0 in Charles City County. He married Hannah Stanly, daughter of Edward Stanly of Henrico County, in ca. 1710, and they resided in Prince George County. (Prince George was. taken from Charles City County in 1703.) Their children, were: (1) Henry, Jr. (2) George (3) John (.4) Obedience (5) .Eliz abeth. George Thweatt, son of Henry and Hannah Thweatt, was born March 7, 1720 in Prince George County. George married Grace Thompson and raised a large family in Dinwiddie County. .Their children were: (1) William (2) Joseph (3) Peter (4) George (5) Stephen (6) Charles (^7) Fannie (8) Martha (9) Mary (10) Betsy (11) Sallie (12) Nancy. William Thweatt, son of George and Grace .Thweatt, was born ca, 1755 in Dinwiddie County, Virginia. (Dinwiddie was t.aken from Prince George County in, 1751.) He married Fapny Daniels and to this marriage was born: (1) William, Jr. (2) Ha,rwood D. (3) Nancy ,,(4) Elizabeth (5) Catherine. . Sometime, during the iate 18th or early 19th century, William Thweatt and.his ' family migrated from Dinwiddie County to"Tennessee. They event ually settled in Williamson County, Tennessee around Leipers Fork (old Hillsboro) as-early as 1811. -William Thweatt-.spent -his re maining days in VJilliamson County and died there-prior to 1820. tlis wife, Fanny Thweatt, continued to reside there., and .died two 61 years later-. ' William Thweatt, Jr., son of William Thweatt, Sr., was born # in Virginia.and came to Tennessee with his father. He married Rebecca Thompson, but the date and place of'their marriage is un known. Their three children, however, were all born in William son County. They were: (1) William Howard (2) Peter Booker (3) Elizabeth. In ca. 1820, William Thweatt, Jr., died in Vvilliamson County. William's wife Rebecca later married Whitehead Lester. They were married on June 3, 1827. in William son County. Harwood D. Thweatt, son of William Thweatt, Sr., was born ca. 1789 in Virginia and came to Tennessee as a young man. On October 7, 1812, he was commissioned an,Ensign in the Williamson County Militia', and on December 2, 1815, he married Elizabeth Echols,■daughter of John Echols, a Revolutionary soldier, and his wife Francis Fornely. To Harwood and Elizabeth were born seven children in Williamson County, where they lived until the mid 1840's when they moved to Yallabusha, Mississippi and later to Arkansas. Their seven children were: (1) Francis D. (Fanny) Thweatt, who married her first cousin Peter Booker Thweatt; (2) John ' Echols Thweatt, who married Martha Reese; (3) Joseph Thweatt, who died June 3, 1845 in Williamson County; (4) Nicholas Booker Thweatt, who married Mary Hardin and became, a noted Confederate spy. in Mississippi during the-Civil War. Nicholas and Mary had a son Joseph Gustavus Thweatt, who was an attorney and member of the Arkansas State Legislature. ' Their grandson, Charles'Booker Thweatt, returned to Tennessee where he received his B. A. and L. L. B. degree from Vanderbilt University. Upon returning to. ■ Arkansas, he became a noted attorney and, like his father, served in the State Legislature. (5) William H. -Thweatt was. also an attorney in Arkansas and served as a commissioned officer in the Confederate Army. (6) Christiana; (7) Judge\ Peter Oscar Thwea.tt was born October 10 , 1834 in Williamson County anci was educated, at Ha,rpeth Academy in Franklin, Tennessee. He read law with his brother, William, ■in Monroe County, Arkansas, and at the out break of the Civil War joined the Confederate Army. In-1861, .he was severely wounded at the Battle of Oak Hill (Wilson Creek), 62 Missouri, and was discharged. He returned to Helena, Arkansas where he was .elected county judge, and in 1866 he was elected prosecuting attorney. Oh February 23, 1870", he married Mary Hornor, .daughter of Judge John S. Hornor. Nancy Thweatt, daughter of William Thweatt, Sr., married Job Mayberry, the .son of Henry and Mary Mayberry of Bedford County, Virginia. Nancy and Job vjere married on December 24, 1818 in Williamson County and had two sons'; Americans Vespucius Mayberry and Henry George Washington Mayberry. The Mayberrys built Beechwood Hall on Columbia Pike in Williamson County. Elizabeth Thweatt, daughter of .VJilliam Thweatt, Sr., was born ca. 1785 in Virginia and married Joshua Coleman. Their children were; (1) Mary Ann Coleman who married Riohard Burnett in William son County on September 14, 1821 j (2) Thomas Coleman?, (3) Francis E. (Fanny) Coleman who married Peyton L. Thweatt, of Montgomery County, Tennessee, on June 21', 1837.,;, (4) Nancy Coleman. Joshua and Elizabeth settled.on the West Harpeth River where he died-in ca, 18 21. "■ ■ ■ Catherine Thweatt, daughter of William Thweatt, Sr.,''was born in Virginia and married Daniel Gill in Williamson County, Tenn essee on December .6,- 1815. William .Howard .Thweatt, the son of William Thweatt, Sr., and his wife Rebecca, .was born April -5, 1811 in, Williamson County, Tennessee. In August of 1832, with Holland White as his surety, he retained a license to marry Mary Allen. The couple was married by the Reverend John Atkinson, a Revolutionary War soldier and Baptist preacher. To this marriage were born; (1) Pleasant ■■ Samuel born July 15, 1832 died Novem.ber 14 , 1908 ., married Alice K. Harmon. Served as a hospital attendant in Breckenridge's Hospital Corp. Moved to Marshall County'and died in Columbia,' Tennessee. (2) Elizabeth Francis born May' 30, 1834 married William B. McRae/. (3) Peter William born August-9 , 1836 married Ruth Jane Blackburn. (4) Rhoda Ann born May 26,.'1838 married Martin Christopher, (5) John Henry Harrison born August 30, 1840 died February 2, 1908. Served as company sergeant for-Captain John McEwen's VE" Company, 55 Tennessee Infantry Regiment. Married Martha James Webb and moved to jBell .Buckle^ ■Bedford County, Tennessee.,where he died. 63 William Howard Thweatt was commissioned a captain in the Williamson County Militia on November 18, 1841^ and after the death i of his wife on February 20, 1843, he married Amelia T. Pigott, p daughter of Simon Pigott and his wife Patsey Haley. Children of this marriage were: (l)Mary Jane born January 18, 1843 -died March 24, 1913 married W. J. Christopher. , (2) Simon N. born June 26, 1844 died October 21, 1864. Joined his brother John H. H. Thweatt's company during the Civil War. Was captured near Peter sburg, Virginia and died in the Union prison at .Elmira^ New York. (3) James L. born January 15, 1846 died March 23, 1863. Died in the Civil War. (4) Edward K. born May 20, 1848 died 1901-1902 never married.- (5) Martha R. born December 24 , 1850 died September 13, 1852. (6) Robert F. born April 29, 1852 died August 8 , 1884 never married. (7) Amanda Christine born March -8, 1855 died October l,'il932 married Daniel Glasgow. (8) Nancy Virginia born February 12, 1857 died April 4, 1927 married John . Watson Parham, (9) Howard T. born April 29, 1859. (10) Henry Etta born August 30 , 1861. (11) Maggie born August 30, 1863' married Joseph Seath Jones. " ' . William reared his large family of 16 children on his farm near Leipers Fork in Williamson County, and it is through this family that most of the Williamson County Thweatts can trace their ancestry. William Thweatt was'a life long member of the Leipers Fork Primitive Baptist Church. He became secretary of the church- in 18-75 and served in that capacity until his death on April 25, 1876. He is buried at the Thweatt Cemetery, on Garrison Road in Leipers Fork, Williamson County, Tennessee. Peter Booker Thweatt, son of William Thweatt, Jr., was born February 22, 1813 in VJilliamson County. He married his first cousin Francis D. (Fanny) Thweatt, daughter of Harwood D. Thweatt. They were married on May 15, 1833 by the Reverend John Atkinson. Cary White", brother of Holland White, signed the surety bond. In the 1840's, Peter moved to Yallabusha County,-Mississippi with his •uncle and father-in-law Harwood D. Thweatt. They lived there for IK a number of years before moving to Arkansas where Peter B. Thvjeatt died 'oh'February 22, 1875. ■ Their children were: Elizabeth,^ Howard William, Sarah, Margaret, and Martha. Elizabeth Thweatt,' daughter of VJilliam Thweatt, Jr., was born 64 ca. 1808 in Tennessee, and married Samuel S, Blake^. They were i married on July' 29, 1824 in Williamson County. They moved to Maury County where they resided.for a number of years. ■f A relative of the Thweatts from Leipers Fork was Isham Reece Thweatt' who lived in Franklin, Tennessee. Their exact relation ship is unknown, but Isham was, also, from Dinvjiddie County, Virginia, He was .born there on September 8 , 1783. Isham's mother died when he vjas a child, and after his father remarried, Isham ran away from home to Tennessee to live with an uncle named VJhite. (There may be a' connection between this uncle and the previously mentioned Holland and Cary White, ) - Isham R. Thweatt settled in Franklin, Tennessee where he established a boot and shoe manufacturing business. This esta blishment was probably located at the corner of Church Street and 3rd Avenue South, one block from the. courthouse in Franklin. Isham owned lots 107, 109, 110, 119, and 133 in the 182Q's and early 1830's. (Lot 107 is- the. present day site of the Charles Moran house.) t On December 24, 1816, Isham R. Thweatt married Sarah Davis, daughter-'of Ammon Davis and his wife Sallie Roberts. Sarah Davis' ® parents died when she was an -infant, and she was raised and educated by her grandparents, Frederick and Fanny Grieves Davis. , Isham and Sarah were married in Williamson County by the Reverend Garner McConnico, a Primitive Baptist preacher and founder of McConnico's Church. To this marriage was born at least one child, Emiline Thweatt, who was born in 1819 and married Haffy Hugh on November 9, 1835 in Nashville, Tennessee. After the death of his wife, Isham Thweatt left Williamson County. He was married in Columbus, Mississippi to Mrs. Susan Thompson on October 18, 1838, Susan lived only a short time and Isham married Mary Nanlie in Tupelo, Mississippi in 1840. Isham and Mary later ;moved -to Mansfield, Louisiana where at the outbreak' of the Civil War, Isham tried to join the Confederate Army. Being' I'n his late 70's, Isham was,- told that he was too. old, but he later managed to. enlist in another, man's place. Upon ^ learning that he was an expert shoemaker.,- Isham was sent back to Mansfield to make shoes for the Confederate soldiers. .. ' To-this third marria;ge were born: Isham R, Thwea'tt, Jr. , 5 5 Mrs. J, M. Dunrig Mrs, Belle Hamilton, While on a duck hunting ^ trip5 Isham R, Thweatt, Sr, caught pneumonia and died at the age of 8M-, 6 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY t Bowman5 Virginia M. Historic Williamson County^ Old Homes and Sites, Blue and Gray Press, Nashville, 1971. Chamberlayne, Churchill Gibson The Vestry Book and Register of Bristol Parish, Virginia, 1720-1789 , Richmond, Va., 1898.■ Confederate Service and Pension Records, Tennessee State Library and Archives. Funderburk, Davis "His Life and Father's Span 155 Years of America, a Period Under All Presidents," The Shreveport Times, Shreveport, La. , November 20, 1938, p. 28. Hamilton, Edmond K. Marriage Records of Williamson County, Tennessee, Cook and McDowell Publications, Owensboro, Ky. , 1979. Hempstead, Fay ^ "Peter 0, Thweatt." Historical Review of Arkansas, Vol. 2, ' The Lewis Publishing Co. , Chicago, 111., 1911. ^ Herndon, Dallas Tabor "Charles Booker Thweatt," Centennial History of Arkansas, ' Vol. 3, the S. J, Clarke Publishing Co. , Chicago - Little Rock, 1922. "Lancashire" -■ Encyclopedia Britannica. Lynch, 'Louise Gillespie "Parham Bible." Bible Records, Williamson County, Tennessee, Vol. 2, 1974. Lynch, Louise Gillespie ,OUR VALIANT MEN, 1976. Lynch, Louise Gillespie Williamson County Miscellaneous Records, Vol. 2, 1978. Thweatt, Silas Allen Nine Hundred Yeans of Thweatt Bloodline, Family History, Alhambra Review Printing, Alhambra, California, 1959. ■U. S. Census, Williamson County, Tennessee, 1820 and 1830, "Vikings" - Encyclopedia Britannica. 67 BIBLIOGRAPHY cont'd, , Watson, George F, • "Leipers Fork Primitive Baptist Church, Book I, 1824-1880," Williamson County Historical Society, Publication No. 13 1982. ' Williamson County Historical Society Directory^ Williamson County, Tennessee Burials, Vol. 1, 1973. ' ' 6S I A GENTLEMAN OF THE GENTRY- MEREDITH P. GENTRY By I Susie Gentry Excerpts from "Sketches from the Life of-Meredith P. Gentry by Miss Susie Gentry, a Niece," published 1899, Williamson County News Print, Franklin, Tennessee= Contributed by Gale Pewitt, Watson Gentry left his native State of North Carolina when his tenth child was two years old, to seek a'home in the fertile lands of Williamson County, Tennessee, near what is novj the village known as College Grove. He found a- beautiful spot, and there built a fine house, for that day, arid lived there until his death. The old Gentry homestead has for many years now been known as the "Old Jim Allison place." The names of the children were Joseph, Thomas, James, Charles Pinkney, William, Elizabeth, Jemima, Mary, Nancy, Theophilus, Tabitha and Meredith Poindexter. Meredith P. Gentry's wonderful voice and remarkable conver- ^ sational and oratorical powers were the gifts of his mother to her "little Benjamin," he being born when she was forty-eight years of . age. - I Meredith P. Gentry was born Sept. 25, 1809, at the Gentry homestead. Watson Gentry moved to Tennessee when his tenth child was two years old. Tabitha and Meredith vjere born in this county and state. Meredith's father was a man of industry, energy, and by look ing well to his ways had accumulated an estate far above his - neighbors with men and maid servants galore. He was much given to I hospitality, and, being a man above the average in culture, you would at his house find the best the county afforded in brains and cheer. He was inclined to be kind and lenient to his children and grandchildren. ( Meredith would not go to school when small,' and being the idol of his parents' heart, they did not force him to do so. Then ^ there were but meagre opportunities for. getting an education here, and so he concluded he would just quit,, at the age of lU! Still he was no ignoramus, for a book was the'.delight of his soul. With his hands he would not work, but a paper -or book you would always find 70 V in them, whether in the house or lying under a shade tree. So far as an education lay in textbooks and the dead classics he was not educated^ but of that education that comes of general informa tion and a knowledge of people and- the questions of the day, he was highly .educated. - ' One who knew him well wrote: "With an aptitude of comprehen sion and richness of imagination, he was superior to all his'fellow members of Congress; with every grace that careful reading, of classic English authors could- give to diction, he stood with no. compeer as a parliamentary debater." His political career commenced when he, was in-his,.,.26th year. He had been made a Captain of a ,company of militia and was can vassing for the Colonelcy when he made his first speech. This was before he was twenty-one, and it was such a magnificent ^effort.that all were surprised who heard it. He was immediately besought, to run for the Legislature, but did not do so until in his, 26th year., - He was then the youngest man in the House, las no man could take his seat under 25, such was the law. This was in 1835. After serving in the Legislature, he was in Congress for ten years, and refused three nominations. He was also a member of. the Confederate Congress in '62 and '63. He was elected a Con gressman at 30, and died of a broken heart at 66. Andrev; Johnson's victory over him has always been thought by the family to have hastened his de.ath. Although Johnson proyed himself a great man, he was untried at that time, and Gentry felt if he had to receive ■ defeat at the hands of such a man as he. regarded Johnson, he would just lie. down and die. As is well known he was married twice.,- The first wife was Miss Emily Saunder.s, by, whom he. had two daughters, Mary and Emily. , The second wife was Miss,, Caledonia Brown, by whom ,he had two sobs, Albert and Charles. . . Meredith Gentry's voice was an outstanding one. .One,, person, ■ said: ''Hq had a, voice perfect in i.tself There was a magic ,and power in .his voice that I nevep heard: in,any other.^man.'s., , Speak- , ing loud,.the man fifty, yards, away would hear distinctly,.while the man under the. stand , would , think he was ■ .speaking low.. Then he would drop to a whisper,.and the man near would think .no . one else .heard, .while the fellow.,put yonder on the fence heard as 71 plainly as he did the loud tones. His voice was simply perfect, and modulated to every key. He was a born actor, and on the stage would have excelled Garrick or Forrest." While at "Hillside" this occurred: My father was visiting his uncle Meredith and they were sitting on the front porch when the mail-boy rode off for the mail to the neighboring village, several miles distant. After talking a while Colonel Gentry said, "By George I I've forgotten those letters! But I will call Tom back for them." My father replied, "Why Uncle, you know Tom can't hear from here." "Yes, he will," replied Gentry, and mounting the steps he shouted, "Tom, oh, Tom," then took his seat and resumed the conversation. After some little time had elapsed Tom came riding back, saying, "What is it, Mars?" Gentry asked him where he was when he heard him, and the place he designated was two miles from Hillside. When the secession movement came Gentry entered with his whole soul into the cause of his loved South and mother State, Tenn essee. He sold his fine plantation for $100,000 dollars specie and put every cent into Confederate bonds to aid the cause. The war closed and he was a pauper, but a proud and faithful one. He died soon after, a broken-hearted man, in the palatial residence of his sister-in-law, Mrs. Hoggett, in Davidson County. 73 MIDDLE TENNESSEE TRILOBITE By: John 0, Gaultney* ^ Most of the historical talks we hear, about Tennessee and the articles we read are about people, places and things that lived, existed or took place one hundred, two hundred, one thousand, two thousand, ten thousand or so years ago» Geology, a study of the physical history of our Earth and its occupants is defined in Britannica as ^"Geology, in -the broadest sense, has for its object the elucidation of the- history of the earth and its living inhabitants.'', — ''It may perhaps be . said that the province of geology begins at the period when, the' earth acquired a permanent solid crust; from that time onward it studies the development of the physical features of the earth, the composition and structures of the rocks composing it, and the evolution of animals and plants from their unknown beginnings." — for most purposes it can be divided more or less clearly into four distinct branches, or five if, as is usual, the Cosmogonic aspect is included." ' ,/ $ "1. - Cosmogony deals with the - relation of the earth to the solar system and to the universe, its origin and early ' stages. 2'. Physical Geplogy is the study of the f^rms of the earth's surface, their structure, their manner of origin, and the nature of the processes that have moulded and are still modifying it. 3. Petrology describes the composition of the rocks that now form the accessible portion of the crust, and their - mode of origin. , 4. Palaeontology may be defined as' the biology of fossils, the remains of former animals and plants now buried in the rocks. 5,. Stratigraphical Geology works out the history of the earth and its geography in past ages- through the study, of the rocks and the fossils that they contain." *The author would like to express appreciation to those members of the Wil liamson County Historical Society who encouraged him to prepare this paper and to the Tennessee Department of Conservation, -Division of Geology, Special" thanks to Mr, James Moore, geologist, for his personal assistance, I have: ■ quoted freely from the Department's excellent materials and am grateful' for its use. Copies of a few of their publications have be^en secured for the' Williamson County and Giles County Libraries, 74 Having been extremely interested throughout my life in historial events, political', social, physical, religious, etc., I have at the same, time been curious and fascinated about the geologi cal paleontology, of this earth which God created - and which we enjoy day after day - especially this beautiful portion we know as . Tennessee. My research and study on this subject can^ only .be described as scanty - when one considers what is easily available, however no subject has been more exciting. As a boy, in Giles County I was constantly on the search for shells rock formations, crystals., ■ "iron" nuggets, Indian .flints and,arrowheads. My collection has bynecessity been thinpe.d out from tim.e to. time but some of, my better finds are still among my. most prized possessions after .50 to 60 years. . , It is t.he feeling of many, that too. little has been' taught and explained, for our children in this and pre.ceeding generation&.:,ar.. bout the physical formation, background and changes in our: earth.'and . its occupants during the. millions of years that Mother Earth has been in existence. Middle Tennessee is rich in rocks, shells .and ..■ fossils j.ust waiting- to be■ discovered when the.crust of the earth is disturbed by erosion or. ty other causes - such as man digging a trench or, a huge highway cut, 1 was fortunate to have been born to parents who loved God's great-out-of-doors and remember how my father, a teacher and county school superintendant by-prof ession, deplored with emotion the de facing of the beautiful Tennessee valleys and hills which wasof course necessary in building the'great interstate-highway system. I wonder what his exclamation would have been r had- .he known that a fossil some S'OO million years old was'buried in brie of those hills - later graded away for Interstate 65 .- on the very.farm where he was born .and reared., . My late mother .wrote in one of her 'last, papers to her-children: ' " ' ■ — :v- . ''I...BELIEVE'' ."That .. God. speaks to .us of his- greatness -in .'all of nature. , .That the,..ab..llity to, detect and enjoy tria conflrimatipn ' and, coloring in God's Creation is-, a .great, .gift. .-Thjat the in stinct to look for'the good and the, beautiful ...colors. , life..." etc. etc. ' ^ 2 "All forms of life have evolved from early beginnings, some three billion years ago. From relatively few primitive forms, the major groups of plants and animals developed'. Living things became m THE GILES e COUNTY TRILOBITE %; 1 Picture taken by Donald H. P# McClure, M. D, m WaaSt-i^- « MSsM- ^1* ^IN^jL V— H?.. * ^•. "Vw ^ # X st m i. P m r-^ % 75 more complicated and adapted to many different ways of living. The number of different species gradually increased until they % reached the tremendous diversity,of today. .The study of fossils (Paleontology) traces the various paths by which animals and plants evolved to their present forms. Some, like elephants and horses, have changed greatly through the ages. Others, like the ■horseshoe crab and cockroach, have not changed in hundreds of, millions of years. Still other fossils show lines of development that .'Came to a dead end," The "Trilobite" is one such salt v/ater animal, I was encouraged to write this article following a most ex citing trilobite fossil discovery in February 1982 down near our farm in-Giles County, When I arrived home in Brentwood that day from the farm with the fossil and told ray wife that I was going , straight down to the Vanderbilt Geology Department with my "Pre-historic" fossil - she said "don't get too excited, maybe it isn't that old after all," But - I felt it must be "Pre-historic" because it came out of a portion of the rock cliff vjhich had fallen beside the highway - a section of "blue muck" formation some 30 to 40 feet below, the surface of the top of the cliff - ■under layers o.f shale, limestone, more shale, and more limestone, .Anyway I proceeded immediately to Vanderbilt, also to Cumberland Museum and to the Tennessee State Department of Geology with my clear and clean-specimen - a trilobite,; "Isotelus" variety 3h inches long by 2h inches wide, I was told it lived and moved in shallow salt water over much of this Central Tennessee area some 600 million to 250 million years ago! Trilobite fos sils have been located in many sections of Tennessee and rare specimens are on exhibit at Vanderbilt, Cumberland Museum and the Tennessee Department of Conservation, ^"Trilobita, a group of extinct Arthropoda of which the fossil remains are found in rocks of the Paleozoic Era," -- "A typical trilobite has a segmented body roughly resembling that,of a wood louse, with the dorsal surface marked by two longitudinal- furrows which divide it into'three lobes alluded to in the name of the grou-p," (For a more' Complete-ahd accurate description of its various- f-orms see your Encyclopedia,) ^"The" trilob-ites were all Marine and lived, some on sandy 76 or muddy bottoms^ some on coral reefs, .and some, perhaps, in the deep sea," -- "They;were distributed all over the world." -- "Their # rangeiin size is from a quarter of an inch to 20 inches in length, but most species, are between one and three inches long." My trilobi.te fossil as mentioned earlier, came from the Inter state 65 cut made through the- Gaultney farms, about 3 miles south of Interstate 65's j-unction-. with U. S. 6I4 at Erankewing, Tennessee. I had visited these and other highway cuts with our children" and grandchildren each year since the interstate was constructed in the 1960's, picking up interesting fragments of rock, shells, pyrite (fools gold) and,ancient Brachiopods (lamp shells). These highway cuts erode and crumble off continually. "You need not dig ,or pry any rocks - simply examine the loose, crumbled dirt, rocks 3 shale, etc., that has fallen from the cliff of rocks above, NOTES The Tennessee Department of Conservation, Division of Geology has a new publication, Bulletin number 39 - some 79 pages - entitled "Guide to the Geology along the Interstate Highviays in Tennessee" by Robert L. Wilson ■.(1981) . The pictures and 'descriptions are excellent. All interstates in and out of Nashville are covered in some detail. One section,- Part H, covers formations along Interstate 65 going .nor-^h from Alabama to Ken- n tucky. First',, you enter Giles County and' find "Cherts of the. Fort Payne Formation form the upland and cap small hills at the'Alabama state line. The highway descends to the Leipers-Catheys Limestone that is overlaid by the Chattanooga Shale and the Fort Payne Formation." Fifty-three miles north we go "Northward from the Williamson County line, the major part of ■ the route lies in the Hermitage Formation, with the Carters (Formation) along the major drainage areas," This publication contains an ex cellent glossary of definitions and a full page of references for those interested in more complete facts and information. As a child, brachiopods of-many sizes and shapes were fairly easy to discover in and between the ■.ro.ck'formations on' the old "home" place but this trilobite discpve.ry was by far the most interesting and exciting. I have clear memo.ries of the- er'oding rock formations on the south side of the..hill on. which Tennessee .Gov'ern'o-r John C. Brown was born on January 6 ,- 1827.. „.,I wonder if yoUng John C. ' was a fossil hunter .too?. (The,.,.log cabin is still standing, in poor' condi tion,. ,in which Jpl:in C, ..was born.) The.-south slope'of''that'hill faces the Bethany .Presbyterian■ Cemetery.^ one' mile' ndr'thwe'st' 'of the Bryson Community, . . (Mr. Duncan Brown,- ; father of" Governor " John C. Brown, owner of the farm at that ..time gave- the land for' the'cemetery ® to the church, he and.,.other members of.-his family are -buried there.) APPENDIX A GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE TIME PERIOD SCALE ERA THE FOSSIL RECORD ASSOCIATED DEVELOPMENTS PRESENT y. Rise of man The great ice sheets o Quatemaiv 3 Rapid rise of Advance and retreat of the Tertiary Tertiary seas mammals BO First primates Rrst flowering plants Sea floor spreading advance and retreat of the 100 Cretaceous Cretaceous seas modem geosynciinai deposition Extensive fiooding, some y continents subdivided i into islands ISO V) North America and Africa Jurassic Age of Dinosaurs drifting apart Opening pf the modem 0 Atlantic Ocean basin,sea (9 floor spreading 200 s Triassic t Rrst mammais & Rnal closure of the Proto- Atlantic Ocean basin, collision of North America 1 250 Permian •sj with Africa and Europe Valley and Ridge-Appalachian I Mountain orogeny Late Cartxiniferous 300 Great fern forests, (PennsyivanianI Continental environment formation of wide with extensive spread coal deposits / erosion—deposition u Early Carboniferous s Earliest reptiies p (Mississippian)/ 350 Amphibians •./ verttura onto Marine environment iand Deposition in Appalachian Devonian geosyncline '' Age of fishes Acadian continental collision / 400 Siiurian First vertebrates Marine deposKion Appalachian geosyncline 450 Ordovician Opening of the Proto-Allantic CAMBRIAN Beginning of sea floor 570 million SHELL FISH spreading years ago TRILOBITES Marine deposition in Appalachian geosyncline PRECAMBRIAN 570 miiiion to CoTTtinents driftirtg apart over 4 blliipn years ago PRIMITIVE LIFE 77 Rock formations, cliffs, cuts, etc., in the hills of Williamson, Giles, Marshall, Maury, Rutherford, and other counties in Central Tennessee offer a similar and common geologic history. To read about the known formation, development and changes in this area of Central Tennessee is exciting - even if you never are lucky enough to locate a real fossil. Go to your library or to the Tennessee Department of Conservation, Division of Geology offices in the beautifully renovated old Custom.s House Building for books, articles and maps on the subject, "The Geologic History of Tennessee" by Robert A. Miller, Bulletin #74 of the Tennessee Department of Conservation, Division of Geology (1974), is most interestingly written for amateurs and illustrated with numerous pictures, maps and drawings. Copies are available at small cost along with a "Generalized Geologic Map of Tennessee." L|. Miller makes reference to ''^suggested additional readings".at the close of each section in his book and begins with a section about the topography of Tennessee. He says "Tennessee's topo graphy is among the most varied in the United States, ranging from mountains in the east, to wide, swampy river bottoms in the west, and with rolling hill country, deep gorges, and other features between. On the basis of the'distinct differences in.topography, the state is divided into eight regions". 4 We live in what is described - "The 'Central Basin' -- a nearly elliptical area enclosed by the Highland Rim. It is characterized by gently rolling to hilly terrain, with some near by level areas, and by meandering, low gradient streams. It was formed by the erosion''of the Nashville Dome,, the structural center of which coincides with the geographic center of the basin (the city of Murfreesboro is near the center)," The Central Basin of Tennessee includes the 13 or 14 ^ounty area from near the'Alabama line almost to Kentucky and has count less rock formations with present' outbreaks and out-croppings that have been in the process' of being formed since the Ordo- yician Period of the Paleozoic Era, some 400 to 500 million years % ago. Trilobites existed on this earth only during the Paleozoic Era, from approximately 550' down to about 250 million years ago. Trilobites'have.not lived oh the earth more recently than about 78 200^ million years ago!!' Tennessee has some of, the oldest roclc formations that exist on the North.American Continent or even in the world. "Pre- * -Cambrian rocks in Tennessee are exposed only in the mountains ^ along the North Carolina, state li.ne." "Although fossils have been identified in some Precambrian rocks elsewhere in North America, . ^ none have been found in Tennessee,.", . . . Cambrian ro.ck formations are found in many areas in Central ' Tennessee."^"The Cambrian period began about 600 million years ago and existed some 100 million years to be followed by the Ordovician period which lasted another 75. million years." -- "The Cambrian has been called,-the 'Age of Trilobites' because of their widespread '■ occurance in rocks of this age." Trilobites lived throughout the Ordovician Period and for some 2 00 million years to the end of .the Paleozoic Era. Nothing which lived prior to the Ordovician Period had a backbon'e or internal bony structure. The trilobite was.one of those boneless animals. It's body was held together by a thin ^ shell similar to the crab or crayfish. A material or tissue . similar to your own fingernails. NOTEs 3"Trilobites, , made up about 60 percent of the Cambrian fauna. Another 30 perpent was made up by the brachiopods. The braahiopods are shells'.' fish which/, to the average person, might look very much like clams or oysters. But because of certain differences in shell arrangement and hinging, they are not grouped with either .clams or oysters. We still have brachiopods with us today; there are about 200 species of'them still living," "As a rule, the Cambrian brachiopods were small, from half an inch to two inches across," — ."Other animals which lived during the Cambrian period included sponges, jellyfish, several kinds of worms and snail's-." ' Such animals are often ■ found in fossil beds. "Obviously, special cqnditions must have e-,:lsted to account for such a fossil bed. Geologists, attempting to recreate the situation, are inclined to believe' that- the .'bed represents a particular section of' sea bottom, which lay at a. considerable depth below the normal sea floor. Over the years an ertremely fine-grained mud accumulated there, ■ ■ '-Many of the little anim.als '- which -lived in the water above the de- ■ . .pression died and^ sank into tlie depression!,", r- ."Another thing to con-. sider is that the v/ater within 'the depression would have become stagnant," — "A.s'-'a result, it would'have lain as a body of trapped , water" —- "it would have become deficient..i-n. free oxygen." —- "Be cause of the lack of oxygen, the depression was a death trap," 2"The • Ordovician Period (425 to 500,million years ago) .was named for the Ordovices, an ancient .Celtic tribe. The Ordovician Period saw the rise of new animal groups ,of great importance." 79 "In parts of North America and Europe, Ordovician seas covered areas that had been land during Cambrian times." -- "Volcagioes belched lava" -- "Uplift and mountain building occurred in eastern North America." -- "Most common were shallow-water lime and. mud deposits noted for their well-preserved fossils."' Some 15 formations of shale and limestone were deposited during the Ordovician Period. It was in one of these' form.ations labeled Leipers Formation formed about 450 million years ago that the Giles County Trilobite was buried in the mud and muck - to be seen by human eyes for the first time in-February A.D. 1982. For excellent pictures of Middle Tennessee fossils, includ ing trilobites and brachiopods of/the Leipers, Catheys,. and other J formations, see Department .of Conservation, Division of Geology, Bulletin #56 "Pre-Chaittanooga Stratigraphy in Central Tennessee" by Charles W. Wilson-, Jr. (1949 ). It is a pleasure to advise that arrangements are being made currently to display permanently this trilobite, together with brachiopods, pyrite and other items, from my collection in the Giles County Museum in Pulaski. This new, very excellent museum Was invisioned,"built and now being maintained by the Giles County Historical Society as a worthy adjunct to the Cornielus A. C'raig Memorial County Library. 80 REFERENCES 1, Britannica Encyclopedia 2, "FOSSILS" by Western Publishing Co'. , Inc. (1962 )''- 3, "TRILOBITES, DINOSAURS and MAN" by C. D. Simak (1965) ■ 4, "The Geologic History of Tennessee" Tenne ssee Department of Conservation 5 Division of Geology, Bullet in No. 74 by R. A. Miller, 1974. ."Guide to the Geology Along the Interstate Highways in Tennessee" Tennessee Department of Conservation, Division of Geology, Bulletin No. 39 by R; L.- VJilson, 1981. . -6. "Pre-Chattanooga.Stratigraphy in Central Tennessee", Tennessee Department of Conservation, Division of Geology, Bulletin No. 56 by Charles W. Wilson, Jr. , 1949 . 7. Tennessee Division o,f Geology Report No 39, page 73 8. Tennessee Division of Geology Bulletin No 74 page 9 ■9. Tennessee Division of Geology Bulletin Mo 74; page 2. 10 = Tennessee Division of Geology Bulletin No 74, page 59. ' 11. Tennessee Division of Geology Bulletin No 56, pages 368■ '359 12. Tennessee Division of Geology Bulletin Mo 56 , pages 375-377. '^Quoted from FOSSILS by Frank H. T. Rhodes, Herbert S.■ Zim and Paul R. Shaffer, (C) 1962 by Western Publishing Company, Inc. Used by permission. 81 IF THE BOOT FITS - IT'S A DURANGO By; Patsy S = Meek■ Just as our country has- progressed, so has Georgia Boot/ Durango from a small beginning in Atlanta, Georgia, to- the present operation of five plants and a headquarters/distribution center. Let us just take a look at how it'all began. In 191+23 Garrett W. Bailey and Harry Swartz became partners and began Georgia Shoe Company on Pryor Street in Atlanta, Georgia. Sam Perling sold the shoes produced" to a jobber and became Bailey's partner when Swartz left in 1943. Bailey was the manu facturer and Perling the salesman. . . . By 1946, the company had grown to the degree more space■was needed. So the move was made to Flowery Branch, Georgia. In 1948 , an additional plant was built .in Sugar Hill, Georgia. . . Hard luck began to strike the Sugar Hill plant in March., 1950, when a fire broke out, destroying all the contents. " By February, 1951, the Sugar Hill plant v^as back in operation, but in 1955 another fire destroyed the warehouse at Sugar Hilli " .A- gain, as before, determination to keep the company in operation pre vailed. The Sugar Hill plant remained in operation until. 1958 . At that time it was consolidated with Flowery Branch, which had relocated in a new building built by Bailey and Perling. This building is in use today. The previous building known as the old Carlisle building, which is yellow and green,■ trimmed with brown, still houses bags of old shoe forms, sewing machines and other shoe making paraphernalia. In 1956, Georgia Boot ventured into children's footwear with the purchase of Starfit Shoes of Cookeville, Tennessee. Even though Starf-it v/as subsequently liquidated, 'this venture led Georgia Boot into a new mariufacturing process. In March, 1958, ^ the Starfit plant equipment was moved to Baxter,-Tennessee, where "Process 82" (later changed "to Hi Tec, now called Carbo Tec) be gan . - " In 1962, the Baxter, Tennessee plant began the move to the current location in Blairsville, Georgia. This costly and dis- rupti.ve move was completed in 1964 , and was a big step" forward in efficiency. 82 In expansion continued with the acquisition of, the Cum berland Shoe Corporation with plants in Franklin and Chapel Hill, Tennessee. At that time, Cumberland produced dress and work shoes for men at Franklin only since Chapel Hill was not in operation. The dress shoe line was later discontinued while the work shoe pro duction was integrated. Chapel Hill plant was reopened in 1965. This made the total number of operating Georgia Boot plants rise to four. In 1966s Georgia Boot diversified into Western Boots which were produced at the- Franklin plant and introduced into the market under the Durango label. For years there was- much speculation as to where the name "Durango" originated. According to Mr. Sam Perling the name ''Durango" was taken from a story he was reading. He thought it was a good name for a boot and as an added attraction there really is a small town out west called "Durango," Another version of the name origin came from Mr. Leo Leroy, Mr,"Leroy3 who was then Sales Manager of Georgia Boot was urging Sam Perling5 owner, to start developing cowboy boots. To get started, about 12 unbranded samples were made-up and taken to a New York Shoe Show at the Hotel New Yorker, During the five day shoe show, Mr. Leroy briefed sales representatives on the leather, lasts, heels, patterns, etc.., used to make these 12 unbranded samples. One of the leathers used was called Durango. Mr. Leroy mentioned he was looking for a name for the boots and Mr. Glickman mentioned he thought Durango was dynam.ic and interesting. Some time later, Mr, Leroy stated at Durango's 10th an niversary meeting that he had. visited the,city Durango, Colorado, and 'decided to name the boots after that city. In 1967, U, S. Industries, acquired Georgia Boot Company and since that time, has continued to invest for growth. In 1973, management decided to reflect the increased import ance of Durango by restructuring internally and splitting the sales organization and distribution centers with Durango operating out of Franklin, Tennessee, and Georgia Boot remaining in Flowery Branch," Georgia,. In 1976, however, the new Geqrgia Boot/Durango headquarters was constructed' in Franklin, Tennessee, thereby consolidating sales 83 offices, administrative offices and distribution facilities. ^ Separate sales organizations for Georgia Boot and Durango were then maintained under the one new roof. 8 5 THE O'MORE COLLEGE OF DESIGN, A HISTORY " By: Peter Jordan On February 2.1 , 1970, nine potential students of the O'More, School of Interior Architecture and Design met with Eloise P.itts O'More in the living room of her elegant Victorian home on West Main Street, Franklin, to test Eloise's vision of an eventual full fledged O'More College of Design. These nine potential students were the first class of the O'More School of Interior Architecture and Des-igh", a professional college which since that February day has grown■from those nine people to some 120 students per semester and has.' graduated 110 alumni since the first graduation in 1973. But more important than numbers of students and graduates is the growth of prog-fams, quality, and the recognition that.comes with them. In the' brief span of 13 years, O'More has established., centificate and degree programs in interior design, .fashion: merchandising and historic preservation; has moved to more spacious quarters on South'Mafgin Street; has built a new lecture hall; and has earned in 'record time full accreditation for its three year professional ante'fior design' program-from the Foundation for Interior Design Education Research, not to mention approval for O'More degrees f.rom fhe Tennessee Higher Education Commission, the State's official ; authorization agency for college and university:dqgrees. Just recently, the school pas.sed another important milestone-, when the Board of Trustees officially changed its name. The .in- ■ stitution which began life as the O'More School of Interior ... . Architecture and Design, then spent several years as the O'More - School of Design, has adopted a new nam.e more fitting of itS; . current role. Franklin and Williamson County now.officially■have their first college of design: The O'More College of De.sign.,, , ■ "For years, we have been granting associate degrees, but now that we offer a .full four year program and award a Baccalaureate Degree, we felt we ought to go ahead and call, ourselves a college," explained Mrs. O'More. To visit Abbey Leix, the college's South.Margin Street head quarters on the edge of Franklin's historic district, is to 86 immediately confirm just how far the institution has come in a mere 13 years. Entering through the brick gateway, a visitor 0 looks up through a wooded slope to the graceful Italianate portico of Abbey Leix, which was one of the first major residences built in the State in the years immediately following the :Civil War. Inside the building are period antiques and paintings the interiors a reflection of the fact that Mrs. O'More practices what she preaches about the importance of beauty to the human environment. Upstairs in Abbey Leix are three classrooms and a specialized library of fabric and carpet samples and other interior design materials. Downstairs are office spaces for administrators, a library,'and a student lounge area. And attached to Abbey Leix is Hieronymus Hall, an addition built in 1980 to provide modern lecture and studio facilities. But the college is of course much more than its imposing physical' plant. The real indication that the O'More College of Design has arrived as ah established and exciting institution of higher' learning is the buzz of education taking place.throughout Abbey'Leix and Hieronymus Hall. ■Upstairs in Hieronymus Hall, a graphics'class' might be at the drafting tables learning to draw perspectives, while downstairs. Professor John Kiser is presenting a slide lecture on Renaissance painting. As the visitor walks from Hieronymus Hall to Abbey Leix, he passes through the student lounge area and community kitchen, where students gather at almost any hour of the day,' drinking coffee or soft drinks, chatting, at a large round table, or getting extra help from their instructors. Adjacent to the lounge area is the office of. Virginia Galloway, the school's Registrar and the person who, next to Mrs. O'More herself, is most important in keeping the school's administrative machinery in operation. Mrs. CalloWa'y might -be interviewing a prospective' new student , Updating "transcripts, .or .responding to a catalogue request. ' ' ' One of the front rooms of Abbey Leix is a formal but comfortable parlor, and you might find Mrs. O'More here enter taining visitors to the school, or'she might be in the next room, a sun porch converted into a faculty and staff lounge, or 9 O ' MORE COLLEGE OF DESIGN m W fK- '■- --4:7 »4\ ! f- ■v- ,- •nils ?!■ <:- •1.. ,V'»'.- r SM .V ? -. ■ -V.:^ -. 1- . - -w A B3SS »fiR a tifff X \ ' 87 back in her apartment she lives in a small apartment attached- ■to the school. The other downstairs front room is both an office for Professor, Kiser -- O'More Associate Director --and a living room among whose furnishings is a grand piano (lucky visitors • might catch a student practicing). Upstairs in Abbey Leixj a fashion merchandising, .instructor might be holding forth on- the importance of careful advertising to' the success of a fashion- business, while Susan -Harvey is teaching a textiles class, and Debbie Griffin lecturing on professional practices of an interior designer. \ The 0'More-College of Design has indeed come a long way from Mrs. O'More's living 'room: it is a dream fulfilled. The late 1960s were the waning years of the baby boom generation, a period of history when many colleges, -faced with a declining population of traditional college age■students, were steeling themselves for a future of cutbacks and retrenchments. Given this environment and her complete lack of experience with educational administration, Mrs. O'More's ideas for a new school must have seemed visionary at best. And though she doesn't like to mention specifics on the subject of her age, it's no secret that she was at an age most people would be thinking about retirement plans rather than the enormous effort of creating a whole new institution. But Mrs. O'More had the credentials. In formal training, she had, the background of education' at Ward Belmont College, the Ward Connelly School of Art, Searcy'Studio, Le College Faminin in Paris, Ecole d'art Decoratif in Paris, Parsons School, and special work later in Zurich, London, and Luxemburg. In training and real world experience, she had worked as an interior designer with Stoddard :Office Equipment Company in Nashville, with'whom she was associated for several years as a designer of executive offices, and then as partner .of Mitchell, O'More and Associates, commercial designers. She also had achieved quite a reputation for her com missioned , art work, which included several major murals in various locations in Nashville and Middle Tennessee, including the City Club in Nashville and United Southern Bank of Nashville, and in Franklin, she has one mural of early Franklin in the Conference >Room of the Metropolitan Federal Savings and Loan Association, 88 and another.^ a view of the Town of' Franklin prior to the Civil War, in the Conference Room of the First Tennessee Bank, And her international background as. an Army wife gave her a breadth' of , # experience which enabled her;to see design education from a broad « perspective, ■ But in.addition to her varied educational, creative, and professional qualifications',, Mrs ,■ 0'More had another essential in gredient for the future success of what would become the O'More College of Design; an incredible determination. Anyone who knows Eloise Pitts O'More knows just how strong ' is the will of this tiny woman with big ideas, "The little lady full of grit" that's what Chris Bradford, the school's first graduate, calls Mrs. O'More, Ever since she attended Le College Feminin in Paris, in 1935, w'hiclv offered a special, summer semester in a chateau, Eloi® O'More had a vision of somehow re creating the ambience of-the French design school in America. ; .That vision was of a school which. stressed the importance of- beauty to the human environment, a school built on the assumption that the.aesthetic surroundings of people in thein. homes, offices, and public places can .have profound effects on their spirit.' An- * important part of the vision was the belief that the environment ^ of the school, like the environment at the French chateau of Le College Feminin, should reflect the beliefs on which the school is founded:, one way students learn about beauty is' by studying in an environment which reflects it. The third essential ingredient of the 'vision was that the students should learn the practical skills necessary to bring their creative and aesthetic principles into reality. It's one thing fto' have an image of how the interior of a room or entire building might look; it's quite something else to actually put down on paper the precise facts and.figures,. from lighting re quirements to shades of paint to specific- furniture selections, that would make that image- a physical .f act Mrs. O'More led a full professional,' social, and personal life in the years since she. first had that vision back in 1935', ^ but the dream continued to haunt her, and in the 1960s, after- she had moved back to her- native Middle Tennessee, -the vision in- * creasingly dominated her conversation■with friends and colleagues. 89 / Finally, one day, Clara Hieronymus, Arts and Home' Furnishings editor for the Nashville Tennessean, said,; "Eloise, you can do it." She hasn't looked back since. In February 1970, the O'More School of Interior Architecture and Design was chartered under the laws of the State of Tennessee as a. permanent non-profit institution governed by a board of trustees, first chairman of which was Joseph Pinkerton Chairman of the Williamson- County Bank an institution which has provided the , financial guidance for the school and college ever since. An early catalogue description indicates how close is the reality? of the O'More College of Design to Mrs. O'More's vision: "The School was organized to meet the growing need for high standards of education in the Interior Design field." , ■ ' ■ • "The prime objective of the school^ is to offer the student a significant cultural and aesthetic ex- ■ perience, at the same time providing sufficient technical training to enable him to express his ■ creative ideas with skill and ease. Interior ' Design, a complex, profession, located somewhere between that of the artist, the architect and the ■ iSusinessman, demands a wide range of both' artistic and technical knowledge in order to function..: effectively within its own field." "The curriculum is'planned to co-ordinate and in tegrate the influences of Architecture, Interior Design'i, • Landscape Architecture, ""Sculpture , and Painting toward providing a better understanding of total environment. All phases of study not only emphasize the practical and the beautiful in surroundings, but in a dapper sense encourage the student to think more seriously about the quality of contribution he wishes to make to man's contentment." When.,the school opened, the faculty numbered three people; Joseph Percy Jennette, Associate Director, a design associate and architect with Taylor and Crabtree of Nashville; Don Mitchell, Mrs.. O'More's business partner; and, of course, Mrs. O'More. In addition to the regular faculty.members, Mrs. O'More from ..the. beginning emphasized adjunct professors -- lecturers, she called them, then -~ people whose primary careers were in pro fessional , f ields. related to interior design or to the other subjects -taught ;at the. school but who vjere willing to bring the 90 benefit of their professional ■■expertise' to the students whb' were beginning to gather around Mrs. O'More and her new institution. Earl Swensson, Nashville architect, head of Earl Swensson Associates, and a regular adjunct professor at O'More, said the different guest lecturers enable O'More students "'to develop'a broader sense of the 'total design' picture." Sweh'sson", who has hired several O'More alumni, said graduates of the Franklin de sign college are "not only well prepared and skilled ■because of the thorough curriculum', but also have a well-developed appreciation for the art of design and the subtle influence it can have on i man's environment. This type of appreciation has to be developed." Swensson pointed out, "and O'More is d-oing an ex cellent job in accomplishing this." Another regular adjunct professor at O'More has been t^uncan Callicott, director of Cheekwood untiluhis resignation this yeah. Callicbtt has taught landscape architecture at O'More almost since the beginning. John Kiser also came.,to the. school first in'an adjunct capacity. A popular lecturer, art teacher, and water colonist at the University of ■ .Tennessee at Nashville, Kiser taught art courses for m'any years at the'O'More School on a part- time basis, then joined the school fulltime in 1979 as its Asso'ciate director, con-tinuirtg to prac'"t'ide as a consultant in historic preservation while helping guide'.O'MorO'and while teach ing his O'More classes'. ' ' ' Among his preservation' activities are t.he restoration of Maury County's magnificent Rattle and Snap' and'his own home in Antioch. Built in 1797 , Kiser' s'Vhome . is 'the oldest brick home in Davidson County and has been featured 'in The- Magazine Antiques. Other regulars' as adjunct p'rofessors oh the O'More faculty include' Neil ■'Bas's, a Nashville architect, who teaches-graphics ' courses with an architectural orientation. ' It was a class project by Neil Bass' 'students- that brought internationally renowned' designer' Bill Bla'ss- to the- O'More School in the' fall of 1982. Bass had a graphics class design a'hypothetical headquarters- for Bill' Blass - as a penthouse office/apartment on the- roof of a- ■ w downtown Nashville office-building. Mrs. Jack Massey, -an - hdnorary''Board --Member of -the -'sGhdol, heard about the' pro je'ct ' -Sent clippings of a Clara Hieronymus article to Blass, and 91 invited the celebrated designer to visit O'More. Blass spent a g long morning with students and then with the,press during an in formal give and take exchange that brought opinions on everything ' from the best dressed women in America (they're in Kansas City,, Blass says) to the tastes of Blass clients like Nancy Reagan„ Less splashy but more significant events in the history of the O'More College of Design include enrollment milestones (40 students by 1973, 100- students by 1981), the first graduation (June of 1973), the moving of the school from West Main Street to Abbey Leix .(1979), construction of Hieronymus Hall (1980), the first O'More in Europe May session (1982), and the establishment of the fashion merchandising program (1981). The first graduation took place on June 23, 1973, at Cheekwood, with Duncan Callicott, then director of the Tennessee Botanical Gardens,' welcoming the graduates, Clara Hieronymus welcoming the speaker, and Warren G. Arnett, Chairman of the Board of the National Society of Interior Designers, speaking to the ■® graduates. Ten students were in that first class: Christine Bradford, Virginia Calloway, Alice Dorrier, Susan Harvey, Phyllis Hollifield, Nan Hurley, Marilyn Kent, Lowell Mosley, David Wade, -and Nancy VJatson. Several members of that class of '73 have re mained close to the school and Mrs. O'More. Virginia Calloway went into private practice as a designer, then returned to the school in 1977 to begin working full time with the growing ad ministrative chores, and she has served ever since as Registrar, handling the complexities of scholarship paperwork, transcripts, student and faculty schedules, admissions applications, and the countless other details which weigh down a modern college with forms and paper of all kinds. Susan Harvey joined two other members of the Class of '73 -- Phyllis Hollifield and Alice Dorrier -- to form Surround, Interiors, then returned to O'More in 1976 to start teaching ..furniture history and space planning. She has been a regular member of the faculty since-then, specializing in space planning, . and also .holds the title of Curriculum Co-ordinator. Mrs. .Harvey, because of her experience as one of the first . O'More students and because of-., her years since, then as a member of the 0'More.-faculty, has an intimate perspective on the 92 changes in, the school•sihce 1970: "We're more' pract ical. than ever, though we've ■ • always been practical," Mrs. Harvey said. "Professionalism has always been an emphasis, but it's even more so these days." ■ "There's more emphasis now on architecture than there ' was at the beginning," adds Mrs. 'Galloway. ■ "One thing Mrs. O'More stressed those first few years was 'the beauty of renderings" (renderings are de pictions of .how an interior would-look when the ' designer finished with it). "One of my most vivid memories of that first year was Eloise O'More .with an eraser in her hand .attacking one of the first things I tried to draw -- a Queen Anne chair. - Soon, where there had been a wobbly Queen Anne chair there was nothing. With Mrs-'. O'More, you had to do it until you got it right. We did not engage in quick sketching." "We're constantly updating our curriculum to bring it into line with accrediting requirements and student needs in terms of jobs available," Mrs.' Harvey said, "We teach a good bit- more, commercial design than Mrs, O'More started out'teaching, and we emphasize space planning more than we did at the start. On the academic side, we're, tougher and more demanding, though the school was never an easy place to earn a degree." The success of the O'More curriculum is indicated by the ex cellent employment rate of the graduates. When-the college con ducted an alumni survey in 1980 as part of the process of ' establishing eligibil.'.ty for Veterans Administration educational benefits, 95 percent of the graduates had found professional em ployment in the design field. As the schoo.l's reputation has spread, it has drawn students from all over- the Southeast and alumni have left middle Tennessee to work in cities as far flung as Dallas, Portland (Oregon), Savannah, Chicago, and Miami. Wendell Garrett, editor . and publisher of - The Magazine Antiques, says'he has been "tremendously impressed" by- the "emphasis on quality of teaching and a stress on balance in curriculum: clearly, there is a-dynamic and fruitful dialogue between teachers and students."' Garrett, ;- who has- lectured ,at. O'More-.on several occasions, said that ■ the..last time-he visited Franklin '-'it -was-obvious to me that .the school, its faculty., and ■ its .students were consistently-making a .contribu tion to .the.jcultural-and.;intellectual life of the town:.".. 93 _ Chris Bradford, who by virtue of alphabetical order■was- the school's very first graduate at - that 1973■Cheekwood graduation, and who became and remains a close friend of Mrs. O'More, says -the school has become somewhat less intimate'than it was when those nine students started out in Mrs. O'More's living room in 197-0. "I .hated to graduate because it was like leaving a family," Mrs. Bradford says. "The school is more business-like now." She concedes, however, that .some of the intimacy still re- mains even though the school now enrolls well over 100 students per semester 3 and today's students, agree, VJhen asked what they like best about their O'More education, they almost universally mention "the friendly atmosphere" or "the opportunity to work closely V7ith .instructors on a one on one basis" among the most im portant factors. O'More faculty frequently involve their studentg in chal lenging class projects that get them out of the classroom into situations that help them see how to put theory into practice. In 1981,. John Kiser had his historic preservation class do the sur vey work necessary to create Franklin's second National Register' historic district, the Hincheyville district of West Main and Fair -Streets. And Debbie Griffin is always thinking up challeng ing community, service projects for her Design IV and Design V classes, such as interiors-for the Tennessee School for the Blind, Duncanwood Day Care Center, and the Tennessee Preparatory School. After Ms. Criffin's^students designed graphics for Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Sharon Cox, associated director of nursing at. the Children's■Hospital, said, "we continue to get conments from patients, visitors, and staff about this graphic design-and .we are thoroughly - pleased with the efforts of your students." ' . The culminating experience of the O'More design education is the Design,Major, a semester of research and design workmen a single major project in which the student puts together all of his creative ability and professional skills in a situation as close as possible to an actual designer/client relationship. Over the years -student design majors have involved almost every sort of interior imaginable, from residences to offices■to .restuarants to health clubs. Mrs. Harvey, who usually supervises the majors. 94 tries, to .come up with design problems that fit students' individual career interests and also challenge them to exercise the full range of the professional, skills learned during the first two and # a half years of their education. At the. end of the semester, when the design majors have finished their projects and drawn up care ful renderings, floor plans, lighting plans, and material selections they present those plans to a jury of professional interior'de signers and architects whose critical scrutiny is an agonizing experience waiting at the end of the O'More education. Students almost universally pass the ordeal, however, because Mrs. Harvey won't let thern present unless they are ready with full professional plans and a carefully rehearsed presentation. ,y Students need liberal arts courses to get their associate of arts or bachelor's degree at the O'More College, but O'More doesn't offer liberal arts subjects like English, history, or mathematics. In order to help O'More students get their liberal arts credits and also to enable Belmont College' sfudents to take professional interior design courses, O'More and Belmont signed- an agreement in 1980 allowing students from either college to take courses ^at the other-. Though many O'More students transfer into the professional college with college degrees already in hand'," there is a small but steady group which takes advantage most semesters of the joint arrangement between the two Nashville area colleges. "O'More students have been capable and well qualified to successfully complete college work," said Ronald E. Underwood, Belmont's Dean of Admissions and Registrar. "We have been ex tremely pleased w.ith their performance on the' college level'." Perhaps the .most'heartening confirmation that Mrs. O'More did the right thing when she created her school is the recognition the school has received from national agencies, beginning with a trip by Chris Bradford as O'More representative to the annual con ference of the National Society for Interior Design .in 1973, held that year in Hawaii.^ . , . "I was .amazed at. - how impressed were my fellow designers from all over North America at what I told them about the school and Mrs. O'More's philosophy % and at what I showed them in my slide presentation about what the O'More School and Franklin have to offer," Mr's. Bradford said. "The designers from Canada were particularly impressed by; -the ,9 5 co.ncentration at each level on particular specialties." It was in 1978, though, when an accreditation team from the Foundation for Interior Design for Education Research (F.I.D.E.R,) gave the school's three year program first a provisional ac creditation and later, in 1981, full accreditation, that Mrs. O'More knew for sure that the school had arrived. F.I.D.E.R. is the national accrediting commission for interior design programs at colleges and universities, and O'More officials awaited anxiously for the report from a F.I.D.E.R. accreditation team, afraid that the tiny Franklin design school, for all the worth of its programs, would be too small in scale to be found worthy by the national organization. Despite the anxiety, accreditation, came, however, and it came in record time. In 1981, the O'More School became one of only seven pro fessional colleges in the nation to earn full F.I.D.E.R. ac creditation for its three year professional interior design pro,gram, and the first college anywhere to do so in such a short span of time after its founding. O'More officials are now work ing on full F.I.D.E.R. accreditation for the college's baccalaureate degree program. Meanwhile -- as anyone who knows, her would suspect -- while creating a solid and respected foundation for the interior design program, Mrs. O'More was exploring other possible avenues for the school. She decided that a program in fashion design and merchandising would compliment and supplement the interior design program, with aesthetic principles, art history, basic sketching and drawing skills, and fabrics being common subject areas to the two fields. In the fall of 1982, a dozen young men and women became the first students in the O'More fashion program. In its first two years, the fashion program has undergone a change of emphasis, so that less design and more business are stressed. School officials, led by the current fashion program co-ordinator, K. Clanton, a former advertising executive with Cain Sloan, felt that it was unrealistic to have a heavy emphasis on the kinds of fashion design skills only marketable in a few New York City outlets, and instead .they revised the curriculum to create a fashion merchandising major that would give students the skills that would enable them to find entry level 96 positions in fashion businesses, including retail outlets, all \ over the country. In addition to classes in design and sketch ing, the. fashion merchandising curriculum at O'More now includes courses in buying, inventory control, advertising, and marketing. Students do get a taste of the Big Apple every falT, however, when fashion students make their annual expedition to Seventh Avenue for their New York buying trip, gaining real world ex perience of what it means to be under the hectic pressures of a buyer for a local retail outlet. "Unless you experience it for yourself, you can't imagine how hard a buyer works on a New York trip," said. Ms, Clanton, herself a veteran of many forays to the New York market. She uses her many New York contacts to arrange visits to some of the city's most important showrooms, including Bill Blass, Frank Massandrea, and Mary McFadden, To make the O'More College of Design not only'survive but also to flcurish has meant more than just creative vision on the■part of its founder and director, Mrs, O'More has had to be a very sharp-witted businesswoman as well, A non-profit corporation, the O'More College of Design would like to see a permanent en dowment established, but thus far it has operated almost ex clusively on student tuition, a remarkable achievement in an age of very tight budgets for colleges and universities. "Mrs. O'More is a very astute businesslady," said George Bivins, chair man of the Williamson County Bank and a member of the O'More Board of Trustees, The only regular fund-raising event the school has held is the annual Merry Month of May Table Talk show founded in 1973 by Clara Hieronymus of the Tennessean, The show, which is located at a different Nashville area home each year, features different table settings arranged by area retailers to show visitors how to combine china, glassware, silverware, fabrics, and furniture into'telegant and tasteful arrangements■that compliment the hospitality of a home. Funds from the annual Table Talk'show go into a scholar ship fund for needy and deserving O'More students, a scholarship having that scholarship and that le.cture hall named for me. I be lieve in helping students," said Mrs. Hieronymus, dean of Nash ville's critics.- Her role over the years, in:addition to creating and guiding the annual Table Talk show, has been-to. "encourage Mrs. O'More and to interpret the college for the community," Mrs. Hieronymus explained. Another firm friend of the school is Ralph Brown, a Nashville insurance executive who serves as chairman of the O'More Board of Trustees. "The O'More College is certainly one of the nation's unique educational institutions," Brown says. "Eloise O'More has founded one of the most outstanding schools of interior architecture and design in the United States. The college en hances the heritage and tradition of Franklin and Williamson County." George Bivins agrees: "Mrs. O'More, herself a highly talented individual, sets the tone for the whole school with the inspiration she gives to her students. She has total dedication." The future? Mrs. O'More wants the college to stay small enough in size that the institution will not lose its personal touch with students. "The whole school is founded on nurturing creativity, and you can't do that in masses," she said. "It has to be on an individual basis." Any major growth will be in quality rather than size, she added. She does have hopes, though, of expanding the physical plant enough to make Abbey Leix into a museum house resource for students rather than classroom spaces. With new buildings on the grounds for classrooms, she could continue building the antique collection which furnishes Abbey Leix, providing students with extensive first-hand experience.with period furnishings and interiors. Mrs. O'More has never been one to rest on her laurels, and the future seems certain to include plenty of work for Franklin craftsmen Tom and T. L. Still, who have worked with Mrs. O'More over the years in creating the beautiful interior and exterior spaces of Abbey Leix. Master painter Paul Beard is sure to be making regular return visits, too, as Mrs. O'More makes changes in the colors of the interiors -- her interior designer's skills are never at res,t. 98 One thing is certain about the years to come: with Eloise Pitts O'More at the helm, the O'More College of Design will never ^ stop dead in the water: the school's first 13 years are a history of unparalleled and dynamic change and growth. 99 THE COPELANDS OF WILLIAMSON COUNTY By; Virginia Copeland Jantz* James Copeland came from Ireland to Newberry District, South . Carolina, where he acquired a wife and children and on to Williamson County, Tennessee in 1815. This world traveler,was the first of the Copeland dynasty in Williamson County. James Copeland appears on the Williamson County, Tennessee, Tax Lists for 1815, 1816, and 1817, with no land listed. In 1818, he is shown with 200 acres. He bought this 200 acres from William Kidd for $1 ,700.00 on IM- January, 1818. The farm' was located on Mill Creek where James lived for about five years after locating in Williamson County. The six surviving children of James and Mary Copeland signed a deed on 8 October, 1836, disposing of this 200- acre tract after the death of both parents. Efforts have been made' to locate a Family Bible belonging to James and Mary Copeland, but none has been found. The Epmily Bible belonging to John Frost, brother-in-law of James Copeland, has the following information about the death of James: "James Copeland departed this life the 9th day of May, seven o'clock A.M. A.D., 1819, aged Forty-five years." His tombstone shows, however 3 that he was 48 at the time of his death. Mary Copeland's death 9 is also recorded in the Bible thus:- "Mary Copeland departed this life March 20th 1833 about 10 minutes after 1 o'clock A.M. She was about 5,5 years of'age." James Copeland signed his will on 6 May, 1819, and it was proven in Williamson County, Tennessee, during the July Term Court, 1819. It reads: In the name of God,. Amen, I James Copeland of Williamson County and State of Tennessee, being' weak of body but of sound mind and memory considering the uncertainty of this mortal life and being of sound mind g blessed be Almighty God for the same do make and publish this my last Will and Testament in manner and form f olP-wing ,that is,to say, first my will and desire is that my'waggon'my stock of hogs and prove necessary whatever else can be most con veniently spared by my wife be sold and the funds arising therefrom appropriated .to the discharge of all my just debts. : I, also give., and bequeath to my daughter Sally my bay mare called red bird and also a cow and calf and good side saddle exclusive and independent of her portion of the residue of my estate the whole balance of my estate both 100 real and personal I give to my beloved wife during her natural lifetime and after,her death to be equally divided between all of my children ' should they all be living or their heirs should they have any but with the exception that whereas my son-in-law Sutherlin Champ has had some portion given him my desire is that two hundred .Dollars be taken out of his proportion and that my daughter Cynthia have the addition of two hundred Dollars given her over and above her equal divi dend in the final distribution of my estate amongst my children. I do hereby nominate and appoint my beloved wife and my Brother-in-law John Frost my Executor £ Executrix of .■ ■..this my last will and testam.ent hereby revoking all former wills by me made. In witness whereof I have hereunto set ■ ■ my hand and seal the 6th day of May in the year of our Lord 1819. James Copeland (Seal) Witnesses present: John Mayfield William Riley Moses Lindsey Which will as above recited was produced in open court July Session 1819 and the execution thereof duly proven by the oaths of John Mayfield, William Riley 6 Moses Lindsey subscribing wit nesses thereto and the same was ordered to be recorded. An inventory of James Copeland's estate, made at the October Court Session, 1819, showed the following: A Schedule of the goods and chattels rights and credits 'of James Copeland dec'd to wit 1 pair of chair wheels one, waggon 3 head of horses 10 head of cattle 9 head of sheep 83 head of hogs 17 geese H feather beds S furniture 1 wheel 1 Reel 3 trunks 9 chairs 2 tables 21 books 1 looking glass 1 loom 1 Bet dog irons 2 pots 1 oven' 1' spider 1 smoothing iron 1 tea kettle *4 dishes 1 doz. plates 1/2 doz spoons 1/2 doz knives and forks 2 plates 1 churn 5 Barrels 2 jugs 4 ps stone ware 3 ploughs 2 hoes 3 axes 1 cutting knife 2 pr gears 4- Big stands 5 tin cups 1 tin kittle 1 shot gun 1 fire shovel^2 pot racks pot hooks 1 safe 1 lanthorn 1 pr . scales and weights 3 pewter Basins 1 handsaw 1 drawing knife 1 iron wedge 1 coffee pot 1 cannister £ coffee mill 1 de canter 25 ducks. . Debts due the estate Burns Horton $13:. 25 Wm. Roberts $12.8232 Charles A. Stokes $52 . 7232 John.Frost $6.65 John McCutchean $8.00 Rodan Tucker $1.25. . The' estate of James Copeland Dr. to John Hamar Jnr^. on note $13.0.00 to James Hamar 100.00 Interest. .$12 . 50 Hubert ■Owen $85.00 Moses Lindsey $314.05 Jonathan Hill $175.00 Suthoiand. Cham $3.12^ George ■ Long' $13.00 Laurence Fly $192.00 John Frost . : Mary Copeland Executors Which inventory as abov.e. recited was produced in open' court ifriitiiS ir* Home of Samuel Meredith Copeland 1700069 McCandless Road Franklin, Tennessee Tombstone of ' Samuel and wife Mary Martin located OFE in cemetery at Triune Methodist m m Church m 101 October Session 1819= The same was ordered to be recorded, ' Samuel Meredith Copeland, the sixth child of James and Mary (Frost) Copeland, was born 17 February, 1813, in Newberry District, South Carolina, He died 6 January, 1859 ,'at 8:08 P.M,, in Williamson County, Tennessee, and is buried with his wife, Mary Virginia (Martin) Copeland, in the Triune Methodist Church Ceme tery in Williamson County, On 24 December, 1835, Samuel Meredith Copeland married Mary Virginia Martin, daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Clement) Martin, in VJilliamson County. Mary Virginia Martin moved to Williamson County from Stokes County, North Carolina, with her father, a widower, and five brothers about 1828. Mary Virginia's mother had died shortly before the family moved to Tennessee. Samuel M. Copeland began acquiring land at an early age, and at one time he owned hundreds of acres of land in Williamson and Rutherford Counties, His first purchase of land was a tract bought from his cousin, James Copeland. Frost, on 15 June, 1837, for $600.00, Samuel M, Copeland built his large home during the late 1830's or early 1840's after the Nolensville Pike was built through the area which included Nolensville. In later years the Copeland home was referred to as "Crystal Valley," but it is not known whether this name was used when the Copelands lived there, or whether the subsequent owners, the McCanless family, gave that name to the house. The old Copeland house is still standing, in 1980, but it is deteriorating rapidly. It is now owned by Mr. and Mrs. James McCanless, The author had the privilege of going through the Copeland house in 1972. The house has not been lived in for a number of years and has been used- mostly for storing hay and grain, A letter dated August 14, 1918, written Jjy Mary (Copeland) I * Napier, youngest daughter of Samuel M, Copeland, to her brother, James Franklin Copeland, gives some information about the changes made in the old home,place' by 1918, She told about the trip over to the old Copeland place from a sister's home, with the family members.riding in Ford cars. She wrote the following: We took our lunch and ate it at the old spring. It does not look like it used' to and did not taste as good to me, and wasn't very cold. Everything is changed. They have moved the office for a negro house, and covered the house 102 with-tin roofing and latticed in the back porch, and all,the trees are gone from the back yard, all the cherry tree's' gone, also .the orchard, A striking feature of the old Copeland home is the curving stairway'in the front entrace hall. The stairway does not have any support underneath it, but is merely attached to the wall as it curves upward. There is a separate stairway for the rear bedrooms upstairs, whereas the curving stairway serves only the front bed rooms. The front entrance consists of double 'doors set into a frame with small panes of glass above the double doors and side lights on each side of the doors. This type of entrance was constructed as, a unit and then placed in the wall. The Copeland house now has the typical L-shape, and it appears to have had several additions made through the years. There are chimneys at both ends of the front portion of the house with fire places in both upstairs and downstairs rooms. Another chimney is located at the rear. There is a basement underneath the house which is about the size of the sitting room on the first floor. Each stone of the basement walls shows chisel marks where the blocks were carefully chiseled from stone. They were put together without a'ny type of mortar. At one time tlie house had tall, white columns across the front, but within recent years, these columns were re moved and a one-story roofed porch was placed across the front of the house. The wash house was located to the rear and the Negroes' quarters were located to the east of the house. At one time a cot ton gin was located about 250 yards to the rear of the house. In DAR papers prepared in 1955 by Mrs. Edythe Whitle'y, his torian, covering the family of Mary Virginia (Martin) Copeland, the following remarks were made by Mrs. VJhitley; The Copelands like the Martins were a proud people-, they were inclined to great social activities. Your writer's mother now 78 years old grew up knowing some of them, and tells me that they were people who loved to entertain and have 'large gatherings. My mother did not.reside in the same im mediate vicinity as did the Copelands, but she resided in Rutherford County, close neighbor to some of the relatives of the Copelands, the Alexanders, the Scales and other families who intermarried, and that she knew many of them, seeing them when they would visit the kin in Rutherford County where my grandparents resided. My mother says that as a child she attended some of these community and family gatherings. She lost sight of most of them- after she grew up 103 but does recall that they were intermarried with the Mortons, the Scales, the Morrows, the Alexanders and other families - of.Rutherford County as well as Bedford-and Williamson Counties o . In these same papers Mrs. Whitley gives a description of Samuel M. Copeland. She states: "S. M. Copeland was a big business man in his day. He was thought to be quite wealthy and lived the part; however, when he died his estate was found to be in.financial difficulties as-will be shown by the records."' Samuel M. Copeland did indeed lose most of what he had acquired, as an aftermath of the Civil'-War. It was necessary for him to sell off many tracts of land to pay his indebtedness. On 2 January, 1869, he sold off a large part of his remaining land to -Carroll. McCanless arid T. B, Coleman, just four days before his death on 6 January,. 1869, at the age of 55. The McCanless and, Puckett families have since owned the property. Mary Virginia Copeland was heard to remark that the aftermath of the Civil War killed her husband. Samuel M. Copeland spent much of his time during the latter part of his' life sitting before his fireplace, brooding over his losses. He left no will. i .The. Copeland family suffered many hardships as did the other residents of the county during the ,Civil War. Samuel M. Cope land had a faithful Negro overseer named Uncle Green, who tried to protect the family during those trying times. At one time,' Uncle Green was able to dissuade some Yankee soldiers from burn ing the' Copeland house to the ground. Two of Samuel M. Copeland's daughters, Laura and Fan'nie, being loyal to the cause of the South, often courted danger by making taunting remarks to the Yankee soldiers as the soldiers marched in front o,f the Copeland home. At one time the hillside near the Copeland home appeared to -.be a sea of dark blue from the uniforms of the Yankee soldiers who were encamped on the hill. The hearts of the Copeland girls were saddened by the forlorn appearance of the Confederate soldiers as they tried to perform their duties with insufficient clothing and badly worn boots. The girls often viewed bloody footprints along the road in front of their home because the soldiers' feet were bleeding. The Copeland family invited these.soldiers into their home and rendered whatever aid they could to alleviate their suffering. 104 After the death of Samuel Mo Copeland, his family, with the exception of the married daughters, decided to move to Texas. The family was in Waco, Texas, by 23 September, 1874, as Mary Virginia Copeland purchased a house on this date. It was a brick house and was situated on the corner of Franklin Avenue and Fourth Street. The cost .was $2 ,2,00.00.. She did not. keep this property long, but sold it to Moses Goldstein on 8 February, 18.76, for the same a~ mount that the property had.cost her. Not long after this sale,', a new post office waS' constructed, on the. site and it remained in use for many years, Mary Virginia Copeland bought and sold several pieces of property in Waco, but by 1888 she was living with one or the other of her married daughters. At the time of her death, which occurred on., 31 March, 1900, Mary Virginia Copeland was residing with her daughter, Virginia Archer, at.. 804 South Fifth Street. A grandson, Gilmore Copeland, accompanied.the body back to Tennessee where she was interred be side her husband, Samuel, in the Triune Methodist Church Cemetery. Mary Virginia Copeland was a widow for 31 years, and it was re- ; ported by a granddaughter that Mary Virginia seemed to dwell i.n the past during her later years and mourned the lo.ss of the children that had preceded' her in death. Her obituary in the WACO- TIMES-/ HERALD was recorded thus: ANOTHER DEATH An Aged Lady Passes Away After Several Months Illness Mrs, Mary V. Copeland, aged 84 years, 7 months, died last night at 7 o'clock at the residence of her daughter, Mrs. Jennie Archer, on South Fifth Street, after a lingering illness of about four months. Deceased was a most estimable lady and was beloved by all and has resided here for the last 28 years. She leaves six daughters and one son, Mrs. E. V. Napier, Mrs. Jennie Archer and Mr. J., P). Copeland of t'his city, and Mrs. I. J, Battle, Mrs,. C. C. Ellis, Mrs. Laura Alexander, and Mrs. Luke Morton, who reside near Nashville. Her remains' will be shipped to' Nashville on the eastbound Cotton Belt this morning for interment. The Times-Herald extends condolence to the bereaved family, ' . . . , • CHILDREN OF: SAMUEL, MEREDITH AND MARY VIRGINIA ■ ■■ (MARTIN) COPELAND: Sarah Jane Copeland was born 18 October, 1836. "Mary Louise Copeland was born 4 February, 1838. . .'Samuel P. Copeland was born 31 October., 1839. 105 Ellen Rebecca-Copeland was born 4 September, 1841'. John Behson Co.peland was born 30 January, 1843. Joseph Martin Copeland was born 22 July, 1845. d Fannie Copeland was born 22 August 1847. Laura O'Neal Copeland was born 17 Septeiiiber, 1849. Virginia Trost Copeland was born 20.July, 1851. James Franklin Copeland was born 31 March, 1853. Brice Martin Copeland was born 12 January, 1855, in William son County, Tennessee, and died 6 October, 1876, in McLennan County, Texas, as the result of a gin. accident. His obituary in THE WACO DAILY EXAMINER was recorded thus: SAD DEATH It is with profound sorrow that we record the following ps.rticulars of a terrible accident, by which one of the most esteemed young men of this city came to his death. Mr. Brice Copeland, aged twenty-one years, who has long been known in Waco as one of the best and most industrious young men^of the place, died about 6 o'clock yesterday afternoon, of injuries received by becoming fast in the saws of a gin. Two or three days ago he went out to his brother's, Mr. John Copeland's farm, on Middle Bosque, twelve miles from town, and yesterday afternoon was employed in feeding a gin., when one of his arms became fast in the machinery, and before the machinery could be stopped the arm was crushed and lacerated in a horrible manner and his face and head badly cut and bruised. The young man was placed in a carriage and his brother and Mr. Wm. Battle started with him to the city. They were met on the way by Dr. Green, a young physician who lives in the neighborhood in which the accident occurred and he did everything in his power for the relief of Mr. Copeland, but partly on account of loss of blood, and partly by reason of the shock, the unfortunate young man died while they were bringing him in. ■ ^ Our sincerest sympathies are extended to his bereayed mother, sisters, and brothers, who are called upon to bear this terrible loss, and we can only point them to Him, who alone can give them comfort in their grea't loss. Brice Copeland's death occurred under a large oak tree across the road from present-day Ridgewood Country Club. After the death of their brother, the three brothers who owned the gin, John, Joseph, and James Copeland sold their gin. Brice Copeland was not married. Mary Copeland was born 1 January, 1857. All of the children of Samuel M. and Mary Virginia Copeland were born in Williamson County, Tennessee. A great deal of in formation about these twelve children has been preserved in family records. Old Margaret was the Negro mammy for the children of 106 - ■ Samuel and Mary Virginia Copeland. Mary Virginia could not stand ■ the sight of blood, anid when any .of the Copeland children were hurt, she would send 'them to Margaret. Margaret and her husband followed the Copeland .family to Waco, and they had a small place '* on the Bosque River. Whenever Old Margaret had a chance, she would go by to visi't Mary Virginia Copeland, referring to Mary Virginia as "Old Miss". . ^ *Th&! writer also has prepared a similar article for inclusion in Virginia Bowman's next book. 10 7 MAPS AND THEIR USES By;. Charlie Hailey , Maps have been my major interest every since I was old enough to recognize their importance and the mountains of information to be gleaned from a simple topographic map. Maps serve the purpose of locating specific areas and they can serve as a collection.. To obtain information of a specific, area, one likely uses topographic maps. These can be used to serve many purposes, depending upon the needs of the person using them. Topographic maps show cemeteries, small streams and rivers, roads, woods and fields, and contours. Cemeteries are sometimes accompanied by the last names of the persons buried there. Con tours show the altitude of an area. These contours can help hikers, fishermen, hunters, boaters, or almost any other out- doorsmen-, therefore, maps are used by almost everyone and are important to those who use them. Because I enjoy maps, I have found it interesting to begin a collection of almost all the maps I have seen and liked. These, for me, can serve historical purposes, including those that show dates and events. An example of a historical map is a Civil War map with the charges and retreats of certain armies placed on a detailed map of a particular area. VJhen I go on trips, I look for maps of areas to which I am journeying. • I enjoy the maps I buy on trips because then I can remember the places where I went. Some of my favorite map^s include the Frenchman's Map of Williamsburg, Virginia, a map of the Cherokee Nation of Indians, Prehistoric Map of the Middle Cumberland River Valley, and a topographic map of mid Williamson County. The map of Williamsburg, Virginia, is one of my favorite maps because it shows the buildings and roads exactly as they originally were. I like the Cherokee map because it encompasses the area in which I live and the area I understand so well. Because I am interested in history, I enjoy reading and relating to Crutchfield's map. The. topographic map of mid Williamson County identified a ridge west of Old Hillsboro Road as "Backbone Ridge". This name was perfect for this ridge had many dips and curves shaped just like a 108 backbone. As of this writing my map collection is small but my interest ^ increase the more I explore this subject.and I shall be adding to my collection,• as time and opportunity permit. ' V ny m HEN WEARtEY SOS CARffO T cuir&Ef! HCN^IRSOS, K / tEWI eSTE* H - "*^\U ( SHELBY • f -LAYETTE I HANOEI^ J,/^y'y-y-yWCHiMRV .. >/ ■ ' I - U i Sea e 100 miles CENOZOiC 'MESOZOIC PALEOZOIC precam:bri.\n A ^ A ■ QUATERNARY TERTIARY CRETACEOUS PENNSYLVANIAN MISSISSIP'PIAN DEVONIAN- ORDOVICIAN ORDOVICIAN- CAMBRIAN SEDIMENTARY AND 'IGNEOUS AND Sand, ailt, day.: Sand, aUt, day Sand, day, silt Sandstone, shale. Limestone, chert, SILURIAN, Xjmefltone. shale, " OAMBRIAN ^ Shale, dolomite METAMORPHIC ROCKS METAMORPHIC ROCKS ' gravel and loess ; and gravel andgravd conglomGrate, .shale,slltstone, . Limestone, chert, dolomite, antatone,; Dolomite, limestone, limestone, sandstone flntstone and coal. sandstone andn shale, sandstone > « sandstone and , 'shale, chert, siltstone conglomerate, ^ * .Sandstone, conglomerato, Metamorphosed lavas dolomiie , daystone and sandstone •. ,> quartzlte, arkose, - sUtstone, arkose^ graywacke, and tuffs, metagabbro, - . "te, phyllite, slate rhyoUies, diorite, granite, ' ' ' ' graywacke and siltstone and schist" granitic ghei^es, monzbmte/' . > quartz latites. andrthoslte ^ and diabase :■ GENERALIZED GEOLOGIC MAP OF TENNESSEE 109 NAN RODGERS CHAPMAN'S LEGACY ' By: Richard Warwick My real introduction into Williamson County history began in the fall of 1972. While attempting to teach local history in my Hillsboro seventh grade Tennessee history class, I was forced to do some first-hand research into the many communities in which the students lived. At that time, Hillsboro students were coming from Southall, Monkeytown, Kingfield, Garrison, Boston and Bing- ham. To help cover this'large area, students were asked to comb their community for answers to such questions as: (1) How did the area get its name? (2) Who were the first families? (3) What are the major landmarks? (4) What has the area contributed to the history of Williamson County? Surprisingly, the students were able to gather a vast amount Of information by talking to family and neighbors. Information on every community except Bingham was collected. The students living in the Bingham area were unable to dis cover their community's secrets. It remained for me then to make a Bingham connection. After inquiring in Hillsboro as to whom would be a good source, all answers were the same. Nan Rodgers Chapman. Mrs. Andrew Chapman or Miss Nan, as she was affection ately called by all, became for seven years my greatest source for information on Williamson County and a true delight in.my life. Nan Roche Rodgers was born in 1891 to Francis Carter Rodgers and Elizabeth Johnson Rodgers on the' Rodgers's family farm in Bingham. She took great pride in announcing her family's Virginia heritage and deep Williamson County ties. Her maternal grandparents, Lewis Irby Johnson and Nancy Wilkins Johnson lived on a^ large farm across the West Harpeth River overlooking Boyd's Mill. The- Johnson and Wilkins families were both numerous and influential in the Hillsboro area. Miss Nan took even greater pride in her father's family. Francis Carter Rodgers was the youngest child of Roche Michaux Carter and Andrew Rodgers. Roche Carter Rodgers was a sister to Fountain- Branch Carter, builder of the Carter House. The Carter family came from Halifax'County, Virginia and settled in Waddell Hollow. Andrew Rodgers, a veteran of the War of 18l2, first 110 married Francis North in 1820 and they had eight children. After Francis's death, he married Roche in 1840 and, with money from her dowry, they purchased the Hendley Stone farm in Bingham. Four children were born from 1841-1852. In 1866, Andrew and Roche died. Andrew was buried in the Stone cemetery located on the farm. Roche was buried with the Carter family in the Old City Cemetery in Franklin, The ..reason for separate burial sites was unknown ,to Miss Nan. Miss Nan received her elementary education in the two-room • Bingham School. After a term at the Tennessee Female School in- Franklin, she went on to Boscobel College in Nashville for. her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1911. Finding the pay for teach.i-rig school so poor, her father, then widowed, advised her .to stay home with him and help manage the farm. Taking his advice, she devel oped a successful poultry business. She became an egg supplier for Miss Carrie Waggoner's store on the Franklin square and for m.any residents of the city. Her turkey and white guinea business ex tended as far away as New York City. Through her many long sessions of telling about life■and.events in Williamson County, I developed a personal attachment for my- adopted county. Miss Nan described so vividly the strong per sonalities that inhabited our county the first half of., this century. I possess a warm affection for unmet characters like; "Uncle" Charlie Corn, Judge Eggleston, Miss Robbie Hunter, Miss, Susie Gentry5 and Dr. Moscow Carter. Of course., every small town and county has charming characters but Franklin seems to have had .more than its share of such wealth. The failure of■ Capta.in Ed Green's bank in 1925 and the many bankruptcies and farm losses that resulted had a drastic effect on the economic and social life,.in Williamson- County.. Miss Nan could relate a host of misfortunes endured by local families because.of this scandal. She always maintained that the depression aQtually came to this county before the 1930's because.of this singTe' tragedy. She noted that many families .on the top rail in 1926 found themselves on the bottom with the bank failure.. It. is .un;-- fortunate that only the .senior citizens, and a few middle-aged - . • . Williamson countians know of this event and its impact. Miss Nan was probably best known for her insatiable desire to 111 collect antiques. A psychoanalyst would probably account' this obsession to the loss of all her family's possessions in the house fire of 1903. Whatever the reason, she became almost an institution at auctions. She remained one of Colonel Fulton . Beasley's most faithful patrons at his weekly community auction. ■ Her interest in buying treasures of Williamson County families ..over a period of sixty years made her collection a repository. When her two-day estate auction was held in November of 1979, ■ many were- able to buy back family heirlooms. Besides sharing her historical memories with me, she did from timie- to time, share her treasures..- In exchange for helping salvage a truckload of furniture from a decaying smokehouse, I was given a walnut plantation desk. Miss Nan had acquired the desk, from Colonel Campbell Brown's mother at Ewell Farm in Spring Hill. The dust covered desk, which served as a chicken roost, had be longed to CSA General Richard Ewell, After conferring with Colo nel Brown-, the authenticity of the desk's origin was established. The Bingham schoolhouse b.ehind Miss Nan's house was packed wi.th furniture and bric-a-brac. I discovered another walnut plantation desk which allegedly belonged to Grandma Johnson. Since I live on part of the Johnson farm, it seemed only fitting that the desk should return home. After three years of odd jobs and friendly argument. Grandma's desk was mine. It became my prized possession and I enjoyed telling visitors its genealogy. One Sunday, while Miss Nan was having lunch with us, she con fessed that the Grandma Johnson story was only an excuse to keep from giving me the desk immiediately. She felt obliged to tell me this in light of the fact that Colonel Shy's body had.been ex humed. The truth revealed the desk had originally belonged to Colonel Shy's father. Sara Rodgers, Miss Nan's only sister, died of consumption while attending the Tennessee Female College in 1907. When the school was being dismantled in the 1920's, Frank Rodgers, in memory of his daughter, acquired the school bell and the lime stone steps. These steps were used at the back of Miss Nan's kitchen and evidence of many footsteps are worn into the limestone. The number one 1886 bell rests on a post at the corner of my kitchen. 112 While I was building my log house, Miss Nan took great in terest in my having a suitable kitchen for my wife, Elaine. Ade quate storage was a must for a proper kitchen she insisted. A pair of poplar doors, which she had acquired during the demolishing of . the Franklin Tabernacle in 1929, were offered for.Elaine's pantry. The purpose of this report is not only to publicly praise a dear friend but to illustrate and emphasize two things. First wquld be a message to the young saying our senior citizens possess a vast warehouse of untapped historical information;. - Time, gentleness, , and a gift- for patient listening is. required to extract the gems of the past. Secondly, my advice to the old would be to try and share your past experiences with- your children, grandchildren- or young friends. Make every effort to pass on your'life story in an interesting, warm and truthful way. This could be your greatest ■ legacy to the next generation. Students who have good rapport with their grandparents are most eager to study history. The relation--, ships -established between one generation and the next carry over not only into the - classroom but society. Your contribution to closing the generation gap could begin by talking with and sharing your life with others. . - . FOUR FAMILIES. RECOLLECT SOME HARPETH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH HISTORY Introduced by; Sally Rodes Lee It is hard to believe that the Harpeth Church is 171 years oldo It was organized by Gideon Blackburn back in I8II0 The first church was of logs and stood with few changes until 1836, when the brick church was built. The church was used, as a hos pital of sorts during that unfortunate affair between the north, and south. Up until 1948, there were only three full time pastors be cause the Harpeth was always on a circuit, sometimes with frequent meetings, even every Sunday, and sometimes with very rare meetings. During World War 1, the regular minister met with the church. only once.each year of( 1917-18. He was in the army. After Priestley Miller accepted the call to Harpeth in 1948, the church reorganized and began building toward the church it is today. So much for the dry written word .of recorded history. Let the people who ^have had a part in building this great church tell what they and their families remember and how, like Topsie, the church grew and grew. Mr. Buck Jones, the first speaker, lost his notes so this account is taken from the notes of another person. Mr. Buck Jones spoke of his memories collected during the 1940's and 1950's and of his family connections. The Jones family still owns- land just across the river from the church, it being a part of the original Revolutionary War grant. The church is also built on a portion of the same land grant. Mr. Jones spoke ■'of his grandfather, Madison Jones, and his participation in the church. He talked of the restoration of the church which began immediately after Priestley Miller came in 1948. It was then the poplar floors were replaced by concrete and the altar moved from the front of the church to the back, .facing the front door. A T-shape building was added to the main structure', and a bell tower to the roof. Other related buildings 114 were constructed on the site in the 1970's» The next speaker was Miss Eleanor Bright^, who said' it was an honor to speak on behalf of her late father Alex Bright, Sr» She then gave the following history from the Bright point of view: Alex Bright was born in the-Beechville community on September ISth, 1891, to the late Jane and Egbert Bright. His mother died, during his, early childhood and he was reared by his father. . According to the book, HISTORIC WILLIAMSON COUNTY., ..written by Virginia Bgwman, before 1860, the northwest portion of,this church yard served as a cemetery for white members while the southern . section was reserved for colored members. My father often told us that his mother Jane and older sister were buried in this Harpeth cemetery. Later, his father Egbert remarried an Eugenia Cliffe. Uncle Egbert, as he was called, was a well respected man in the com munity by both races. The family lived on the Ned Scruggs' farm which is now Sunny Side Estates. As a member of the family, Alex Bright, lived on the' Scruggs' farm for many years and attended the Old Rock School for a brief time. He married Bessie Smith in 1919, and had nine children, of whom seven survive. Our mother was also a native of .Williamson County and was reared nearby on the, Robinson Farm a^lthough later • her family moved to the Ring Farm on Moran Road. For many years the Alex Bright family farmed the land on the Scruggs' place, growing various Crops, and marketing the vegetables and fruit. They lived oh this'farm until the latter part of 1939. At the beginning of,1940,"the family moved on the Sneed Place, which is located on Hillsboro "and Sneed Roads. For years and years, Alex Bright- and his crew ofim.en baled hay-and straw throughout William son and Davidson Counties and also did public hauling. It' was thought many times that Alex Bright created extra' jobs with his hay baler so the men could work and feed their families. In later years,-due to mechanization and changing times, he sold his hay" baler and began working at, Harpeth Presbyterian Church during the '50''s'. Here he remained - until his'death ih'May, 1978. He-loved Harpeth Church and took great pride in his work here. He took equal pride in'polishing- the floors or trimming the hedges or mowing the lawn. He enjoyed working at the church with 115 the late Rev. Priestley Miller and later with the Rev. Doug Blair. On December 2, 19733 he was honored here at Harpeth. I'd like to read a portion of the church bulletin on that particular Sunday: "Today is a special day in the life of Harpeth Church. We are honoring Mr. Alex Bright for the many years of faithful service to this congregation. Alex began his work here in 1958 and has continued ever since. It is ■ only fitting that we take time to say 'thank you' to Alex for all that he has done. Alex and his wife, Bessie Mai 5 have four daughters and three sons and have been ■ ' ■ residents of our community for many years, • We welcome, this family to our service today as special guests of the congregation. Alex's loyalty and faithfulness are be yond question and we are glad to be able to honor him today". My father enjoyed performing tasks for his community. According to the church history of Greater Pleasant View Baptist Church located near Sunny Side, Alex Bright assisted in the moving of the old building to the present, location. When that church remodeled in 1975, Alex was instrumental in raising about $1,100 for the building fund. Bright was a member, of the Benevolent Lodge Number 151. for many years. He also served as treasurer for over 50 years. He was a loyal and faithful member, never missing a meeting. As I have previously mentioned, nine children were born to the Alex Brights and seven survive. They are Alex, Jr., a skilled mechanic; Robert Earl, a retired postal employee; Dorothy, a teacher; Edward, a postal employee; Mary Elizabeth, a Metro teacher; Sadie, a director of pre-school; and I, Eleanor, a Metro teacher. I would like to mention a tribute sent by my father's employer, E. Dan Smith, at the time of his death. It said, in part, that Alex Bright could never really be gone from this earth because he had taught people to love. Smith said he had: never seen the dark side of Alex -the entire time he had worked with hini.= He had so many fine qualities such as integrity, courage, vitality, loyalty, and dependability. He taught that to give love one must first find self respect. May more people pro fit by his.example. The next speaker was Miss Pauleen Parker. I remember when I- was young, old Harpeth almost closed her dobrs. However, there were two strong and loyal pillars who stood 116 ..adamant in keeping them open. One was Mr. Henry Ring and the other was Mrs. Sallie-Byrn Kinnie. . . i Mr. Ring was the elder, the superintendent and the Bible teacher. He drove to Harpeth on Sunday afternoons in a buckboard and sometimes he brought his little son, Andrew. Mr. Ring was an ardent Bible student and an excellent teacher. Mrs.- Sallie,'when a young lady, had taken piano and voice training and so was the neighborhood musician. She was the organist' at'-Harpeth before the turn of the century and held that position until a few years before her death. My father was a young doctor who was seeking a place to practice when someone told him that Dr. Byrn was getting old and thinking of retiring. So my father called on him and our families became close friends. , When -I was a baby-, my parents took me to call on the Byrns on Sunday afternoon. "Miss" Sallie, their daughter, was shocked that I had not been named so,she asked if she'could name me. She, then gave me her name, Sara, and another that she liked, Pauline^ So I was named Sara. Pauline Parker^ which I have never changed. From then on I think Mrs. Sallie claimed me as her little girl and felt free to call for me on Sunday afternoons to go to Sunday school with her. Sometimes I did not want to go to Sunday school because it wasn't very exciting for a young girl, but I went any way. . , ■■ ■ Mr. Kinnie and Mrs. Sallie would drive up to our gate and call, "Pauline are you ready to go to Sunday school?" Sometimes I would hide and pretend not' to hear, but when Mamma raised her.voice, "Pauline, Mrs. Sallie is' here waiting for you"', I,'would come out and get into the buggy with them and drive on to church. . ' I can still see Mrs, Sallie af''the''''organ, insisting that I stand by the organ and sing. I liked- to sing so we would sing several songs with Mr.' Kinnie joining in ■bu't. Mr. Ring didn't try. His turn came when- .he had the lesson. So -you could say the four of us and sometimes little Andrew, kept the doors of old Harpeth open for a period of time. I think it was about, this time that Mr.i Q. ,Bi Harris, a Vanderbilt student came out on Sunday afternoons and had. church; • 117 service. Before Mr. Miller came, the church doors were about t'o close again but a committee met and favored calling a young man, Mr. Miller, to take charge and try to build up the church. Several families had moved into the neighborhood and they were interest ed in restoring the old historic church — so the work began. When the little organ was moved out, I asked if I could have it since I, more than anyone else, felt a strong attachment to it. How well I recalled the days I stood by that organ and sang while Mrs. Sallie played and Mr. Ring had the lesson. During those times, the church doors were kept open because there was one small spark kept alive by the determination of two strong pillars at old Harpeth. Yes, I was given the organ which I love. Charlene Ring's (Mrs. Robert Ring) material was the last testimonial given. s Ancestors of the Ring family were living in this neighbor hood on Moran Road at the time Harpeth was founded. Of those ancestors, the Motherals were friends, neighbors and in-laws of the McCutcheons but there is no record of their active in- volvment in Harpeth until 1848. In 1848, Emma Tennessee Motheral, her sister America Motheral and Hiram Eleazer Ring, a young teacher in the neigh borhood, all joined Harpeth at the same time. Hiram's books, diaries and other papers shovj him to have been intensely re ligious and an active Presbyterian'. He soon married Emma Tennessee and ran academies in Sumner and Dover Counties until his untimely death in 1858. Emma Tennessee Ring returned to her father's home on Moran Road and, from that timie on, she and' her son Henry seem to have been very active at Harpeth, as was'her sister■America. America, in addition to being mentioned as a regular subscriber to the minister's pay, is said to have helped nurse wounded Confederates at the church and to have met her husband, a Dr. Bowman, while nursing the soldiers. In the meantime, there was born In Texas a- girl by the name of Fannie, who was later to be Mrs. Henry Ring. Fannie made a long journey by boat and train to California where she was 118 ^ orphaned and then returned to Texaso From there she was sent, along with her brothers and sisters, to her grandparents and aunts in Tennessee. They all arrived at the McClelland house on Henpeck Lane to find these relatives were already caring for other orphans in the family. The McClellands-had cousins who ran a school and had daughters near the age of Fannie and her sister Mary 5 so they were sent there to live. This was the homp of Dr. and Mrs. Byrn,. The doctor's wife, Barbara, was a descendant of Robert•McCutcheon and so she lived with her family on the McCutcheon place in what was then Beechville. Francis- or Fannie, as she was called, became very close to her cousin . Sallie Byrn, I have let ters they wrote to one another wheniFannie was away visiting other relatives and after she married Henry Ring, Of. course, she met Henry by attending Harpeth with the Byrn family and later on the Rings made their home in Williamson County. During the time Sallie and Fannie wrote each other, bits and pieces of church news would crop up in the letters. In the 1880's, one letter said a Mr. Wilson was preaching for the meeting even though he had a bad case of boils. However, in 1881 when the Tennessee Exposition was going on, Mr. Wilson had moved on and was preaching at the Hermitage. In 1886, Dr. Arbuthnot was the preacher at Harpeth although one Sunday no one came because the weather was bad. In 1907, Mr. Ham preached on Easter afternoon. He- had preached at Harpeth the previous winter and was a good preacher but, he was not interested in the children. Dr. Millard was mentioned as the pastor before 1912 and Mr. McMillan was said to be the pastor 'in'Franklin in -1911. So it can be seen that the letters written' by young ladies can give something of the history of a church. ' Fannie's sister Mary eventually married Mr. R. W. Wilson, a widower, who had preached at Harpeth and later at Bethesda. Miss Emma Mai Ring, now almost 95, was the second child of Henry and Fannie Ring, She recalls Harpeth from her earliest childhood. She remembers onej minister who would shout, to wake' up' the sleepers. She also tells how much the community Christmas tree at..church meant during her childhood when a tree in the home- was not an usual thing, Emma Mai taught s'chool for many years in this community and' 119 also taught the young people at Harpeth. My husband's older cousin remembers her having a class of twelve or fifteen during World War II„ Her brothers^ Ned and James, and their wives were active at Harpeth, too. Ned was an elder and, at one time, the only elder at the church. The Rings recall having ministers in to eat and sometimes to stay in their homes. The sons of G. B. Harris even remember the times the Rings would meet their father in a buggy at the toll gate in Ashwood and bring him to services at Harpeth. After Harpeth began its "rebirth" in 1948, the Rings wel comed the new life in their church but, even so, they didn't just sit back and take it easy. They opened their homes for services during the remodeling. Emma Mai took leadership in the W. 0. C. and continued to work with the youth. One of the pro jects she and her young people had was the decorating of a tree for the children at Christmas exactly as she remembered it from her childhood at Harpeth. Mr. Ned alv7ays brought huge red apples and oranges for Santa to give to the children. This was a custom the Rings continued up until the early 1970's. Perhaps the most impressive continuous line of service was the preparing of communion. Mrs. Robert McCutcheon is said to be the first one to prepare the bread and wine in her home and she always kept the silver decanter and two pewter cups there also. Her descendants continued this practice for many years. Incidently, the communion set used by Harpeth was a "hand-me- down" from Cottage Presbyterian Church in Nashville. When cousin Sallie Byrn Kinnie, the last of the line to live in the McCutcheon place, had to move to Franklin, she passed the communion set, and all it entailed, on to her cousin Fannie Ring. When Fannie-became an invalid, she passed it on to her daughter Emma.Mai. Miss Emma Mai prepared Harpeth's communion until 1974. This brings to an end the oral history given so well by the four families. Each one of these four people remembered a dif ferent segment of Harpeth history and it is amazing how each one would overlap to complete the whole story. Harpeth Presbyterian Church was, is and will continue to be a great church with such fine and caring members. 121 CONTRIBUTORS GAULTNEY, JOHN ORTON (JACK) was born in Pulaski, Giles County, Tennessee where he graduated from high school. He studied at Southwestern in Memphis, Little Rock College, and later at Rutgers University. He has spent M-8 years with New York Life Insurance Co. in Memphis, Little Rock, Atlanta and New York City, retiring two years ago as a Marketing Vice-President. He con tinues active today as consultant and agent for New York Life. While in New York he served as President of the Tennessee Society in New York, His wife, the former Elizabethine Mullette of Memphis, is a descendant of the Riggs, Haley and Denny families of Williamson and' Davidson Counties. HAILEY, CHARLIE born in Williamson County 13 years ago, attends Montgomery■Bell Academy in Nashville where he is in the 7th grade. His other interests include playing golf, collecting coins and stamps, drawing, and going fishing. JANTZ, MRS. VIRGINIA COPELAND was born in 1923 in Waco, Texas, and married in 1912, Elliott Michael Jantz in Salt Lake City, Utah, She is a graduate of Baylor University, Waco, Texas, having B. A. and M. S. degrees in Education from that institution. She was an elementary school teacher in Waco public schools for eight years but resigned her teaching position shortly before moving to her present home, a 120 acre farm located west of the city of Waco. They have two children, Betty Ann Jantz and Louis Mitchell Jantz. Mrs. Jantz is the great-great-granddaughter of Samuel Meredith Copeland. JORDAN, PETER. In addition to serving as Associate Professor of English at Tennessee State University, Peter Jordan does con sultant work in communicatiorts and public relations, in which capacity he serves as news director for the O'More College of Design, He has a B. A. in English from Dartmouth College and a Ph. D. degree in English-from the University of Connecticut. Jordan has worked as a reporter for two daily newspapers and has taught mass communications at Middle Tennessee State University and photography at the O'More College. LITTLE, THOMAS VANCE a Williamson County native, is a partner in the law firm of Gordon, Bottorff, Waters ^ Little in Brentwood and was formerly Senior Vice-President and Senior Trust Officer of the Commerce Union Bank in Nashville.. He holds, a Bachelor of Arts and Doctor of Jurisprudence degreies from Vanderbilt University and is also a graduate of the National Graduate Trust School of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. He has specialized in real property, trust and probate law. He holds membership in the American, Tennessee, and Nashville Bar Associations, the Nashville Estate Planning Council, the Tennessee Historical Society, and the Rutherford County Historical Society. He is past Vice-President and President of the Williamson County Historical Society, past Director and Vice-President of the Heritage Foundation, and past Vice-Chairman of the Tennessee State Museum Association, and ser.ved as Chairman of the Williamson County 122 CONTRIBUTORS (cont'd,) LITTLE, THOMAS VANCE (cent'd.)"Bicentennial Commission, He is a Director of the Williamson County Farm Bureau, the Liberty Bank of Brentwood and Franklin, and is President of the Carnton Association, In 1977, he received the prestigious Patron of the Year award from the Heritage Foundation of'Franklin and VJilliamson County, A well-known writer, and lecturer in the historical and geneal ogical field, he has taught courses in gene.alogy sponsored by the Tennessee State Museum Association and Metro Nashville and Davidson County Community Education program,, and currently teaches Banking and Law at the Nashville Technological School-. Mr, Little has been named Honorary French Consul,for Nashville and East Tennessee, He has frequently served as editor and co-editor of the Williamson County Historical Society's annual publication, MEEK, PATSY S, is presently employed by Georgia Boot/Durango, Inc., Franklin, Tennessee, as Personnel Manager/Headquarters with collateral duties as Editor of employee newsletter, FOOTPRINTS, clerical and vjarehouse wage/performance evaluation co-ordinator and assistant to the Director of Industrial Relations, Mrs. Meek graduated from Middle Tennessee State University in ■ 1976 with a B. S. in Office Management, and i-n 1980 received a Certified Professional Secretary (CPS) designation. OTEY, 'FLEM-BROVJN, III, a native of Nashville, Tennessee, grad-' uated from Pearl High- School and received a B. S, from Tennessee A S I State'University in 1957 , the MBA Graduate Program,^ University of Tennessee, the Vanderbilt School of Divinity in 1975, and a graduate of INDS L. College, Armed' Forces. He was a former Deacon, Treasurer and Assistant Minister of the Pleasant Green Baptist Church, Nashville, Tennessee, served on the Advisory Board for OIC Banks Comm.- Minority Business Development, on Phi Beta Lanbda, on the Board of the^Middle Tennessee Business Association, and received the Businessman of the Year award in 1969 f-rom 'the Middle Tennessee Business Association, He is listed, ii^ the 1980-81 "Who's Who Among Black Americans" as U. S, A,. F, Reserve Major, Secretary of Defense, Overseas,General Staff visit, NA to Military Install- , ations," Currently he is a Chaplain in the U. S. Navy stationed at Naval Amphibious Base, Norfolk, Virginia, SMITH, EARL J. earned his Ph, D. in American .History at Van^ v derbilt University in 197H. For the next five years he worked for the Correspondence of James K. Polk as a researcher and editor, rising to associate editor of that presidential paper's ■project. Since January of 1981 he has served as a researcher for the Tennessee State,Museum. Although they live in Nashville, Earl and his wife, Mary, enjoy membership in the Williamson County Historical Society and Earl has served as Vice-President and President of the Society. TRICKeV, KATHARINE (KAY) SHELBURNE (Mrs. Harold R.) went to Mary Baldwin College in Staunton, Virginia, has a B. A. degree in English and History and attended graduate school at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa., Mrs. Trickey taught school in both 123 CONTRIBUTORS (cont'd.) TRICKEY3 KATHARINE SHELBURNE (cont'd.) Virginia and Tennessee and later became A writer for the Tennessee Valley Historical Review magazine. For four years she was the editor of the Historical Review and Antique Digest magazine and is presently the editor of the Cottonwood Gazette, a newspaper for realtors. She is also a free lance writer. Mrs. Trickey is a member of Cumberland Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Colonial Dames of America, Chapter VII, Southern Dames, Carnton Association, Heritage Foundation, Cheekwood, Blue Goose, WilliamsAn County Humane Society, the Williamson County Newcomer's Club, and the Williamson County Historical Society. She is currently serving as President of the Williamson County Newcomer's Club and on the Publication Committee of the Williamson County Historical Society, WARVJICK, RICHARD is a native of Knox County and a seventh generation Tennessean. He received a Bachelor of Science and Master of Arts in history and library science from Middle Tennessee State University. He has served as librarian at Hillsboro School since I97I. He and his wife, Elaine Ladd Warwick, live in a log house in the Bingham community near Boyd's Mill. His interests include collecting and restoring VJilliamson County antiques, basketmakdng and local history'. He is a member of the Williamson County Historical Society. WATSON, GEORGE FRANKLIN a native of Nevada, holds a B. S. in Business Education and a M. S. in Library Science from George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville, Tennessee. In 1980 he retired as Director of the Library at Columbia State Community College, Columbia, Tennessee, after 14 1/2 years. Prior to that he was Director of the Library at Northeast State Junior College in Rainsville, Alabama, 1965-66, Head of Inter-Agency Relations and Stacks at the Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nash ville, Tennessee, 1962-65, and served in the U. S. Navy, Sub marine Service, 1935-1957. He held membership in the American, Tennessee, Middle Tennessee, Alabama, and Southeastern Library Associations, Carter House, APTA, and was Editor of the Tennessee PATROL REPORT, the magazine of the Tennessee Chapter of the U. S. Submarine Veterans of World VJar II, 1972-78. He is a member of the A. F. S A. M., a Mark Master Mason and Knight Templar, the Tennessee State Museum Association, Inc., and a charter member and past Vice-President and President of the Williamson County Historical Society. He has frequently served as editor and co-editor of the Society's annual publication. VJEBB, GARY ALAN a native of Nashville, Tennessee. Served four years in the United States Marine Corps and is a Vietnam veteran. Holds a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Tenn essee and a Doctor of Jurisprudence degree from the Nashville YMCA Law School. He presently practices law in Nashville and is a director of the Historic Belmont Association and of the Nashville Chapter of the University of Tennessee Alumni Association. He holds membership in the American and Nashville Bar Associations, the Tennessee Historical Society and several county historical societies. Enjoys history and genealogy and has lectured on 124 CONTRIBUTORS (cont'd,) WEBB, GARY ALAN (cont'do). international genealogical research. ^ He also,currently'teaches at Watkins Institute, 125 INDEX ABBEY LEIX -■ 85 , 8.6 , 87 , 91, 97 COPELAND - 99, 100, 101, 102, ALEXANDER - 102, 103, 104 103, 104, 105, 106 ALLEN - 62 CORN - 110 ALLISON -■69 COVINGTON - 54 ALOR - 24 COX - 93 ANDREWS - 54, 55 CRABTREE - 89 ARBUTHNOT - 118 CRAIG - 49, 79 ARCHER - 104 CRENSHAW - 6 ARNETT - 91 CRICHLOW - 55 ATKINSON - 62, 63 CROCKETT (CROCKET) - 6, 26, 27 CROOK 6, 5 5 BACHE - 52 CRUTCHFIELD - 107 BAILEY - 23, 81 CUNNINGHAM - 55 BALLOW - 6 CURRIN - 22, 53 BASS - 90 CURTIS - 28, 30 BATTLE - 104, 105 BEARD - 97 DANIELS - 9, 60 BEASLEY - 111 DAVIS - 3 , 4., 21, 25 , 33 , 34., BEECH - 6 37, 40, 64 BELL - 5 DIXON - 9 BENNETT - 32 DORRIER - 91 BIVINS - 96 , 97 DUNN - 65 BLACKBURN - 62, DURANGO - 81, 82, 83 BLAINE - 9 BLAIR - 56, 115 ECHOLS - 61 \ BLAKE - 64 EDMONDSON - 23, 49 BLASS - 90, 91, EGGLESTON - 110 BOWMAN - 9, ^ 114 ELLIS - 104 BRADFORD - 88 , ESSEX- '13 BRADLEY - 6 • EVJELL - 111 BRANTLEY - 2 EWING - 13, 14, 38 BRIGHT - 114, 115- BROWN - 55, 70, 76, 97, 111 FAIRBANKS - 51 BUCHANAN - 6 : FARRAR - 17 BURNETT - 54, 62 FLY - 100 BYRN - 23, 116, 118 FORNELY - 61 FORREST - 71 CALLICOTT - 90, 91 FRANKLIN - 52, 54 CALLOWAY - 86, 91, 92 FROST - 99, 100, 101 CARLISLE - 81 CAROTHERS - 6 GARRETT - 92 CARTER - 9, 14, 109, 110' ■ GARRICK - 71 CARTRIGHT - 6 GATLIN - 6 ■■ ■ CHAMP - 100 GAULTNEY - 76 CHAPMAN - 10 9 ' GENTRY - 69 , 70 , 71, Ho CHRISTOPHER - 62, 6 GEORGIA BOOT - 81, 82 , .83' . CLANTON - 9 5 , 9 6 -■ ' GILL - 62 CLAYBROOK (CLAYBROOKE) - B',- 7 '■ GLASGOW - 63 ' CLEMENT - 101 GLICKMAN - 82 ' ' ' CLIFFE - 114 GOLDSTEIN - 104 CODY - 56 ! . . GORDON - 9 ■ " , . COLEMAN - 6^, .TttSi' , GORRELL - 17 ...... ■ ' ' COLLINS - 6 , ^ ^ GREEN (GREENE) - 9', 12 13, CONN - 54 ■■ 14, 26, 27, 105, 110 126 GRESHAM - 6 JOHNSON 6, 9, 12, 53 , 54, GRIFFIN - 87, 93 70, 109, 111 GRIMES - 6 JONAH - 13, 14 15 GUTHRIE - 6 JONES - 11, 22 3 3, 6 3-, 113 JORDAN - 5.5 HABERSHAM - 52 HALEY - 9, 63 KENNARD (KINNARD) 31, 34 HAM - 118 KENT - 91 HAMAR - 100 KIDD - 99 HAMILTON - 51, 52, 65 KINNIE - 116, 119 HARDIMAN - 53 KISER 86, 87, 90 93 HARDIN - 61 KUSIE 37 HARDING - 14 HARLIN -1, 3, 4 LANE - 6 HARLINSDALE FARM - 1, 3, 4, LEE - 13, 14 Hi^.RMO^N - 62 ■ ■ ' ■ LEROY - 82 HARPER - 40 LESTER - 61 HARRIS - 22, 28, 31, 33 34, 3.6 , LINCOLN - 5 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 , 115, LINDSEY - 100 119 LITTLE - 6 HARRISON - 62 LOCKETT - 9, 11 HARVEY - 87, 91,' 92 ' 93, 94 LONG - 100 HATCHER - 55 LONGA.CRE - 54 MYES - 4 LOVELAND - 51 HAYWOOD - 51 LYNCH - 12 HAZARD - 52 HENDERSON - 54, 55 McALISTER - 53 HENDRIXSON - 3 McCANLESS - 101 103 HERBERT - 21, 22, 23, 25 ,' 27 McCLELLAND - 118 33, 34 , 36 , 37', 38, 39 , 40, McCONNICO - 64 41,, 42, 43,43 45, 49 McCUTCHEAN (McCUTCHEON) HIERONYMUS - 89, 90, 91,' 96, 97 100, 117, 118, 119 HIERONYMUS HALL - 86, 91 McDANIEL - 6, 53, 54 HIGHTOWER - 53 McDowell - 6 HILL - 6 26, 27, 54 55, 100 McEWEN - 6, 7 22 62 HINKLE - 47 McFADDEN - 96 HOBBS - 54 McGAVOCK - 14, 15 HOGGETT - 71 McKAY - 6 HOLLIFIELD - 91 McMillan - ii8 HOLT 32, 34 McRAE - 62 HORN - 6 HORNOR - 62 MAGAVOCK - HORTON - 100 MAN - 44 HOWARD - 9 MANEY - 6 HUDSON - 9 MARSHALL: - 5, B, ,7 HUGHES (HUGH) - 6 7, 9, 64 MARTIN - 24 102, HUNT 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 104 27 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, MASSANDREA - 96 38, 39 , 40, 41, '42, 43,. ■ MASSEY - 90 46, 49 MASTERSON - 53 HUNTER - 52, 110 MAYBERRY - 62 HURLEY 91 MAYFIELD - 100 MIDNIGHT SUN - 1 3, 4 JAMISON - 17, 18, 19, 20 MILLARD - 118 JEFFER - 40 MILLER - 77, 113, ,115 , 117 JEFFERY (JEFFREY) 24, 34 MITCHELL - 9, 87, 89 JENNETTE - 89 MOORE 6, 73 127 MORAN - 31, 54 ROBINSON - 114 MORROW - 103 ROGERS (RODGERS) - 3, 55, 109 MORTON - 55, 10.3, 104 111 MOSLEY - 91 RUCKER - 6, 7 MOSS - 56 MOTHERAL - 117 SAUNDERS - 70 MURPHY - 6 SCALES - 102, 103 MYERS - 6, 7 SCRUGGS - 114 SHY - 111 NANLIE - 64 SMITH - 114, 115 NAPIER - 101, 104 SNEED - 114 NEALE - 51 SOANE - 60 NICHOLSON - 6 SOUTHHALL (SOUTHALL) - NOLEN - 54, 55 9, 13, 14 NORMAN - 53 SPARKMAN - 55 NORTH - 110 STANLEY (STANLY) 6, 60 STEVENS - 9, 31, 32, 33, 3 7, OGILVIE - 23, 27, 45, 49 38, 39, 40 O'MORE - 135, f36, i37, f38, STILL - 97 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95 STOKES - 100 97, 9 STONE - 110 ORTON - 22 STUART - 54 OSGOOD - 52 SUTHERLAND - 100 OTEY (OTIE) (OBIE) - 9, 10, SUTTON - 6 11, 12, 13, 14 SWARTZ - 81 OWEN (OWENS) - 5, 28, 32, SWENSSON - 90 '54, 100 OZBURN - 55 TAYLOR - 13, 14, 89 THOMPSON - 60, 61, 64 PARHAM THWEATT (THWEAT) (THREAT) PARKER - 115, 116 (THWEATE) (THREET) (THRET) PARRISH - 6 (THWAITE) - 59, 60, 61, PATE - 6 62, 63, 64, 65 PATTON - 9, 12, 13 TILLETT - 6 PEACH - 6 TINDALL - 13 PENN - 51 TUCKER - 100 PERLING - 81, 82 TUPPANCE - 14, 15 PEWITT - 5 TWORNEY - 54 PICKERING - 52 PIGOTT - 6 3, UNDERWOOD - 94 PINKERTON - 5, 89 PITT - 9, 12 VAUGHT - 6 POWELL - 25 PUCKETT - 22, 33, 36, 103 WADE - 91 WADDY - 51 RAGSDALE - 55 WAGGONER - 110 RANSON - 53 WALKER - 3 REAGAN - 91 WALL - 55 REED - 6, 55 WALLER - 6 REESE - 13, 14, 61 WASHINGTON - 9, 11, 52, 54 RICHARDSON - 6, 7, 14, 15, WATKINS - 21, 22, 25, 30, 31, 55,56 33, 34, 37, 38 , RIGGS. - 54, 5 5 WATSON - 91 RILEY 100 WEBB - 53, 54 , 62 RING - 114, 116, 117, 118, WHITE - 9, 14 , 53 64 119 WHITLEY - 6, 102, ROBERTS - 64, 100 WOLDRIDGE - 9 128 WILKINS - 109 WILLIAMS - 11, -54, -55 WILSON - 53, 76, 79, 118