DOCSLIB.ORG

Counterterrorism Policy Towards Boko Haram in Nigeria During 2009-2015

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Counterterrorism Policy Towards Boko Haram in Nigeria During 2009-2015 Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2018 Counterterrorism Policy Towards Boko Haram in Nigeria During 2009-2015 Steve Olufemi Ojelade Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Steve Olufemi Ojelade has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Gerald Regier, Committee Chairperson, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Joseph Pascarella, Committee Member, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Michael Brewer, University Reviewer, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2018 Abstract Counterterrorism Policy Towards Boko Haram in Nigeria During 2009-2015 by Steve Olufemi Ojelade MA, University of Ibadan, 2007 MIR, ObafemiAwolowo University, Ile-Ife, 2004 BA, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 2001 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Public Administration Walden University November 2018 Abstract The Nigerian government has emplaced counterterrorism policy measures to combat Boko Haram terrorism since the group became violent in 2010. However, there is a gap in the understanding of how these policies were developed and implemented. Such knowledge may offer suggestions as to how these policies can be improved. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore and describe the development and implementation of counterterrorism policy towards Boko Haram in Nigeria during 2009- 2015. Scott’s institutional theory and Baumgartner’s punctuated equilibrium theory constituted the study’s theoretical foundation. Interview data were collected from individuals selected using a purposive and criterion sampling strategy who played prominent roles in the development and implementation of the policy as well as those who were its beneficiaries. Data were analyzed using content analysis and coding. Key findings from this study provide an understanding of how the policy was developed and how it is being implemented and might be improved. Recommendations include the development of a holistic strategy involving both soft and hard approaches. Collaboration between stakeholders in the security sector and key community leaders in northeast Nigeria is crucial to active counterterrorism effort. The insights from the study on Nigeria’s past counterterrorism policy development and implementation may assist policy makers in making improvements in their mechanisms and strategies for actively fighting Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria. Policy makers in other African countries may also find the outcomes of this study useful as they provide a potential blueprint for counterterrorism policy development and implementation. Counterterrorism Policy Towards Boko Haram in Nigeria During 2009-2015 by Steve Olufemi Ojelade MA, University of Ibadan, 2007 MIR, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 2004 BA, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 2000 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Public Administration Walden University November 2018 Dedication I dedicate this doctoral study to God the Almighty who enabled me to achieve this height. My dedication also goes to my wife, Mary, and my lovely children, Emmanuel, Grace, and Joshua, for their prayers, care, support, and encouragement to make my doctoral dream a reality against all the odds; I appreciate each of you. I also dedicate this study to my father and mother, the late Mr. Gabriel Adekola Ojelade and Mrs. Dorcas Owoola Ojelade. You made me make a promise that I would not stop until I achieved my doctoral goal. Thank you for instilling values and character in me. My father, how I wish you were here to share my joy because I know you would be proud of this achievement. Acknowledgments I want to express my deep heart appreciation to the chair of my committee, Dr. Gerald (Jerry) Paul Regier, for all the guidance, encouragement, and mentorship throughout my dissertation journey. Your timely intervention that gave me a giant leap is acknowledged. Indeed, you are a gift from God. Thanks to my committee members, Dr. Joseph Pascarella and Dr. Mihael Brewer, for your valuable feedback and suggestions that ensured that this study confirmed with the standard prescribed by Walden University. Thank you. Finally, to all my colleagues at the Institute for Security Study, Lower Usman Dam, Bwari, Abuja, I appreciate you and express my thanks to you all for all your valuable contributions. Table of Contents List of Tables .......................................................................................................................v Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study…………………………………………………… 1 Background of the Study ...............................................................................................4 Problem Statement.........................................................................................................5 Purpose of the Study……………………………………………………………..........8 Research Questions………………………………..……………………………..........9 Conceptual Framework…………………………………………………………........10 Nature of the Study……………..………………………………................................12 Design of the Study……………………………………………………………..........13 Methodology……………..……….…………………………………………….........14 Definitions……………………………………………………………........................15 Assumptions…………………………………………………………….....................18 Scope and Delimitations………………………………………………………...........19 Limitations……………………………….…………………………….......................20 Significance of the Study……………………………………………………….........21 Summary and Transition………………………………………………………….......22 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................24 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..24 Literature Establishing the Relevance of the Problem…………………………………....24 Preview of the Chapter..……………………………………………………………...26 Theoretical Foundation………………………………………………………………27 i Institutional Theory……………………………………………………………….28 Punctuated Equilibrium Theory…………………………………………………...32 Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………………….38 The Concept ……………………………………………………………………...38 Synthesis of Literature Related to the Concept…………………………………...40 Definitions of Key Concepts and Benefits of the Framework…………………….47 Terrorism………………………..………………………………….…………47 Terrorism in Nigeria………..………………………………….……….…......55 Boko Haram…………………………………………………….….…………60 Boko Haram Ideological Factor.................................................................,.64 Global Perspective of Counterterrorism………………………………….........69 Counterterrorism Policy Towards Boko Haram Terrorism in Nigeria...............78 Counterterrorism Policy Process in Nigeria……………………………….......85 Literature Review Related to Key Concepts…………………………………………..89 Description of Related Studies…………………………………….………….89 Description of Previous Approaches to the Problem………........…..…….......91 Justification From Literature for Selection of Concept………………….……94 Review and Synthesis of Related Studies of Concept…………………..…….99 Review and Synthesis of Related Studies to Research Question……………103 Gaps Identified in Previous Research…………………………………………….......106 Summary and Conclusions……………………………………………………………108 Major Themes in the Literature Summarized...................................................108 ii What is Known and Not known in the Discipline Connected to the Topic of Study............................................................................................................108 Chapter 3: Research Method………………………………………....…….…………….110 Introduction..................................................................................................................112 Research Design and Rationale………………………………………………...……..112 Central Concepts………………………………………………………………………113 Research Tradition and Approach………………………………………………..…...114 Role of the Researcher……………………………………………………………...……..115 Personal and Professional Relationships…………………………………………...... 115 Researcher Bias……………………………………………………………………….116 Ethical Issues………………………………………………………………………….117 Methodology………………………………………………………………………….117 Participant Selection Logic…………………………………………….................117 Instrumentation………………………………………………………………..….118 Collection of Data Procedures…………………………………………………….118 Data Analysis ……………………………………………………………..............119 Issues of Trustworthiness………………………………………………………….......120 Credibility…………………………………………………………………….…...121 Transferability……………………………………………………………………..122 Dependability…………………………………………………………………......123 Confirmability …………………………………………………………………….123 Ethical Procedures……………………………………………………………… 124 iii Treatment of Participants…………………………………………………………….......125 Treatment of Data………………………………………………………………………...125 Summary...... ....................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Audience Perception of Media Coverage and Management of the 2011 Post Election Violence in Kaduna State
    AUDIENCE PERCEPTION OF MEDIA COVERAGE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE 2011 POST ELECTION VIOLENCE IN KADUNA STATE BY AL-KASIM YAHAYA KAJURU M.A/ARTS/7197/2009-2010 BEING A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF ARTS (M.A) DEGREE IN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT OF THEATRE AND PERFORMING ARTS FACULTY OF ARTS, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA. JANUARY, 2015 1 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis entitled: Audience Perception of Media Coverage and Management of the 2011 Post Election Violence in Kaduna State was written by me in the Department of Theatre and Performing Arts, under the Supervision of Prof. Oga Steve Abah and Prof. Emmy Idegu. The information derived from the literature were adequately and dully acknowledged in the text and the list of references provided. No part of this work has been presented for another Degree or Diploma in this or any institution. __________________________ _______________________________ Al-Kasim Yahaya Kajuru Date 2 CERTIFCATION This thesis titled: AUDIENCE PERCEPTION OF THE MEDIA COVERAGE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE 2011 POST ELECTIONS VIOLENCE IN KADUNA STATE by the researcher Al-kasim Yahaya Kajuru meets the regulation governing the award of the Degree of Masters of Art (M.A) in Development Communication of the Ahmadu Bello University Zaria and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. ________________________________ ________________________________ Prof. Oga Steve Abah Date Chairman, Supervisory Committee ________________________________ ________________________________ Prof. Emmy I.U. Idegu Date Member, Supervisory Committee ________________________________ ________________________________ Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Gericht Entscheidungsdatum Geschäftszahl Spruch Text
    01.02.2018 Gericht BVwG Entscheidungsdatum 01.02.2018 Geschäftszahl I404 2177694-1 Spruch I404 2177694-1/5E IM NAMEN DER REPUBLIK! Das Bundesverwaltungsgericht hat durch die Richterin MMag. Alexandra JUNKER als Einzelrichterin über die Beschwerde von XXXX StA. NIGERIA, vertreten durch: RA Edward W. DAIGNEAULT gegen den Bescheid des BFA, Regionaldirektion Steiermark (BAG), vom 19.08.2017, Zl. 1085882908-151266702, nach Durchführung einer mündlichen Verhandlung am 23.01.2018 zu Recht erkannt: A) Die Beschwerde wird als unbegründet abgewiesen. B) Die Revision ist gemäß Art. 133 Abs. 4 B-VG nicht zulässig. Text ENTSCHEIDUNGSGRÜNDE: I. Verfahrensgang: 1. Der Beschwerdeführer stellte am 04.09.2015 einen Antrag auf Internationalen Schutz. Im Rahmen seiner Erstbefragung durch Organe des öffentlichen Sicherheitsdienstes am 05.09.2015 gab er als Fluchtgrund an, dass er homosexuell sei und man in Nigeria deshalb verfolgt und umgebracht werde. 2. Am 09.08.2017 wurde der Beschwerdeführer vor dem Bundesamt für Fremdenwesen und Asyl, Regionaldirektion Oberösterreich (in der Folge: belangte Behörde), niederschriftlich einvernommen. Im Rahmen seiner Befragung gab er an, dass er in Enugu aufgewachsen und zur Schule gegangen sei. Er habe die Schule 1997 oder 1998 beendet und dann noch für einige Zeit seinen Eltern auf der Farm geholfen. Dann sei er irgendwann zu seiner Schwester und deren Mann nach Lagos gegangen, das sei auch schon vor langer Zeit gewesen, er könne sich nicht mehr erinnern, wann er nach Lagos gegangen sei. Seine Ausreise habe er von Enugu aus angetreten, er sei zuerst nach Lagos und dann weiter in den Norden des Landes gegangen. Es sei vor langer Zeit gewesen.
    [Show full text]
  • Twitter and Millennial Participation in Voting During Nigeria's 2015 Presidential Elections
    Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2021 Twitter and Millennial Participation in Voting During Nigeria's 2015 Presidential Elections Deborah Zoaka Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Public Administration Commons, and the Public Policy Commons Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Deborah Zoaka has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Lisa Saye, Committee Chairperson, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Raj Singh, Committee Member, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Christopher Jones, University Reviewer, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Chief Academic Officer and Provost Sue Subocz, Ph.D. Walden University 2021 Abstract Twitter and Millennial Participation in Voting during Nigeria’s 2015 Presidential Elections by Deborah Zoaka MPA Walden University, 2013 B.Sc. Maiduguri University, 1989 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University May, 2021 Abstract This qualitative phenomenological research explored the significance of Twitter in Nigeria’s media ecology within the context of its capabilities to influence the millennial generation to participate in voting during the 2015 presidential election. Millennial participation in voting has been abysmally low since 1999, when democratic governance was restored in Nigeria after 26 years of military rule, constituting a grave threat to democratic consolidation and electoral legitimacy. The study was sited within the theoretical framework of Democratic participant theory and the uses and gratifications theory.
    [Show full text]
  • Young Achievers 2015
    COMMONWEALTH YOUNG ACHIEVERS 2015 COMMONWEALTH YOUNG ACHIEVERS 2015 S R CHIEVE A G N OU 2015 Y TH L COMMONWEA TEAM OF THE COMMONWEALTH YOUNGCOMMONWEA LTH ACHIEVERS BOOKYOUNG ACHIEVERS 2015 Editorial Team Ahmed Adamu (Nigeria) Tilan M Wijesooriya (Sri Lanka) Ziggy Adam (Seychelles) Jerome Cowans (Jamaica) Melissa Bryant (St. Kitts and Nevis) Layout & Design Abdul Basith (Sri Lanka) © Commonwealth Youth Council, United Kingdom, 2015 Published by: Commonwealth Youth Council, United Kingdom Cover design: Abdul Basith (Sri Lanka) & Akiel Surajdeen (Sri Lanka) Permission is required to reproduce any part of this book CONTENTS Chapter 01 Introduction Page 1 • Preamble • Acknowledgement • Foreword Message from the Chairperson – Commonwealth Youth Council (CYC) • About the CYC • Synopses of CYC Executives Chapter 02 Commonwealth Young Achievers Page 21 • Africa • Asia • Caribbean and Americas • Europe • Pacific TH L COMMONWEA Chapter 03 Youth Development Perspectives Page 279 • Generating Positive Change through Youth 2015 S R CHIEVE A G N OU Y Volunteerism • When people talk, great things happen: The Role of Youth in Peace-building and Social Cohesion • Why Africa’s Youths Are So Passionate about Change • Stop washing your hands of young people…Time for action: Youth and Politics • Youth Entrepreneurship and Overcoming Youth Unemployment • Trialling Youth Ideas on Civic Participation • Youth participation in environment protection Chapter 04 Conclusion and Way Forward Page 323 2015 S TH L R CHIEVE COMMONWEA A G N OU Y OUNG ACHIEVERS Y 2015 COMMONWEALTH COMMONWEALTH YOUNG ACHIEVERS 2015 Y OU N G A COMMONWEA CHIEVE R L TH S 2015 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION COMMONWEALTH 2015 YOUNG ACHIEVERS 2015 Years of Vigour and Freshness Ocean of Potentials Unending Efforts and Enthusiasm Tears of Hardships Hope for a Better World PREAMBLE Years of vigour and freshness, Ocean of potentials, Unending efforts and enthusiasm, Tears of hardships, Hope for a better world (YOUTH).
    [Show full text]
  • Statistical Report on Women and Men in Nigeria
    2018 STATISTICAL REPORT ON WOMEN AND MEN IN NIGERIA NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS MAY 2019 i TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ ii PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ ix LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... xv LIST OF ACRONYMS................................................................................................................ xvi CHAPTER 1: POPULATION ....................................................................................................... 1 Key Findings ................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 A. General Population Patterns ................................................................................................ 1 1. Population and Growth Rate ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • BOKO HARAM NOTE N° 246 - Fondation Jean-Jaurès - 10 Février 2015 REGIONAL ISSUES AROUND the UPRISING Marc-Antoine Pérouse De Montclos*
    BOKO HARAM NOTE n° 246 - Fondation Jean-Jaurès - 10 février 2015 REGIONAL ISSUES AROUND THE UPRISING Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos* *Associate Fellow, Africa hile the African Union plans to mobilise more than 8,000 men from Nigeria, Programme, Chatham Chad, Cameroon and Benin to fight Boko Haram, the following analysis House, London W focuses on the regional issues surrounding the crisis. The aim is not to concentrate on the origins or the social dimension of the sect; these have already been dealt with in field studies and secondary sources1. In a first part, the analysis shows that Boko Haram has been present in Niger, Chad and Cameroon ever since its birth in Maiduguri, in the Borno region, around 2002. Regarding territory, it also shows that we are not looking at an expansion of its area of control, but of its field of military actions since the armies of countries neighbouring Nigeria got involved in operations to erase the sect. In fact, the growing involvement of Niger, Chad and Cameroon in the fight against Jihadist terrorism has broken the mutual non-aggression pact that was in place. In an audio report dated the 6th of June 2014, Boko Haram threatened President Idriss Déby with reprisals if he was to join forces with Nigeria in their attacks on the sect. In addition to this, in an interview filmed and broadcast on the 28th of January 2015, a spokesman for the rebels stated that the group would stop attacking Niger and Chad if they stopped their offensive against the group. It appears that the international reaction to the threat of terrorism from Boko Haram could be a contributing factor in the future international expansion of a sect whose ire, until now, had been contained to Nigeria: they had not established links with a wider diaspora or coordinated efforts with other jihadist groups in the Sahel.
    [Show full text]
  • Smart Card Reader and the 2015 General Elections in Nigeria
    Smart Card Reader and the 2015 General Elections in Nigeria Emmanuel Adeniran Alebiosu Department of Political Science Federal University Wukari, Nigeria [email protected] 08038436474 Abstract The real issue in the 2015 general elections in Nigeria was the use of the smart card reader. The smart card reader was a critical component in the elections. It was used for the first time in the electoral process of Nigeria and it remains one of the greatest technological innovations of the 2015 general elections. The smart card reader is a technological device setup to authenticate and verify on Election Day a Permanent Voter Card (PVC) issued by Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). The fundamental basis for the deployment of the technologically-based device by INEC was to ensure a credible, transparent, free and fair election in order to deepen Nigeria’s democracy. However, the use of the card reader generated debate among the election stakeholders before, during and after the 2015 general elections. One of such debates was the legality for the use of the device. This paper therefore examines the debate and the role of the card reader in the 2015 general elections. The paper also looks at the challenges and impact of the card reader on the election. The paper argued that considering the massive electoral fraud witnessed in general elections since Nigeria’s independence, the card reader should be used for future elections. Consequently, subsequent general elections in Nigeria should gradually continue to be technologically driven. Keywords: democracy, election, electoral democracy, electoral fraud, smart card reader, permanent voter card, technology 1 Introduction Election is the process of choosing a candidate for public office.
    [Show full text]
  • About Abuja Nigeria
    Pan-African Diabetic Foot Study Group (PADFSG) Invitation to 4thPan-African Diabetic Foot Study Group 9th to 12thSeptember 2018 Abuja: Facts You Should Know Abuja, the capital city of Nigeria since 1991,is one of the few properly planned capital cities in Africa. With its beautiful modern parks, architectural designs, and monumental buildings, Abuja is indeed a worthy capital city of Nigeria. Abuja has been aptly tagged the “centre of unity” due to its physical central position in the country and lack of ethnic and religious differences. The city has an estimated population of 6 million people, making it Nigeria’s 4th largest city. Bordered to the North by Kaduna State, to the South-East by Nasarrawa State, to the South-West by Kogi State and to the West by Niger State. The city has so many great prospects but you may feel a bit unsure about what to expect of Abuja. Not to worry, we’ve curated a list of important things you need to know. A City of Many Hills Abuja’s cityscape is defined by hills and rocks. If you come to Abuja, you need to see a monolith created by water erosion. It has the size of about 400 meters. People call it Aso Rock. Some important places spanning on the southern area of the rock include Supreme Court, National Assembly, and Presidential Complex. Another rock is Zuma Rock. It is situated in the northern part of Abuja which has the size of about 729 meters. The city experiences 3 distinct seasons; the warm season, the rainy season and an extremely hot/dry season.
    [Show full text]
  • Joining Insruction 25
    NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE NIGERIA JOINING INSTRUCTIONS C O U R S E 2 5 2 0 1 6 - 2 0 1 7 S E S S I O N BACKGROUND INFORMATION THE COLLEGE ENVIRONMENT GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE 1. The National Defence College is located in Abuja, the seat of Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Abuja is centrally located and easily accessible from all parts of the country by road and air. The major international airports with connecting flights to Abuja are; the Murtala Mohammed International Airport Lagos, Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport Kano, Port Harcourt International Airport Port Harcourt and Akanu Ibiam International Airport Enugu. The Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport Abuja also operates international flights to many parts of the world. 2. The city is located in the Guinea Savannah region of central Nigeria. It has 2 seasons, namely, the dry and rainy seasons. The rainy season starts from around mid March to October, while the dry season is characterised by hot sunny and subsequently windy cold days, which starts from October to March of the following year. 3. Abuja's landscape has beautiful natural features, consisting of lowlands, rolling hills dotted with isolated highlands and massive granitic rocky hills. The hills include Bwari-Aso in the North-East, Guzape and Idon Kasa ranges in the North-West of Gwagwalada. The North-East has the highest peaks in the territory with some reaching over 760m above sea level. PLACES OF INTEREST 4. There are many recreational facilities available in Abuja, which may be of interest to participants. These include the rocky sites, dams, Abuja National Stadium, International Conference Centre, ECOWAS Secretariat, Centre for Women Development, 1 National Christian Centre, National Mosque, Nigeria Law School and University of Abuja.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Republic of Nigeria - Official Gazette
    Federal Republic of Nigeria - Official Gazette No. 47 Lagos ~ 29th September, 1977 Vol. 64 CONTENTS Page Page Movements of Officers ” ; 1444-55 “Asaba Inland Postal Agency—Opening of .. 1471 Loss of Local Purchase Orders oe .« 1471 Ministry of Defence—Nigerian Army— Commissions . 1455-61 Loss of Treasury Receipt Book ‘6 1471 Ministry of Defence—Nigerian Army— Loss of Cheque . 1471 Compulsory Retirement... 1462 Ministry of Education—Examination in Trade Dispute between Marine’ Drilling , Law, Civil Service Rules, Financial Regu- and Constructions Workers’ Union of lations, Police Orders and Instructions Nigeria and Zapata Marine Service and. Ppractical Palice Work-——December (Nigeria) Limited .e .. 1462. 1977 Series +. 1471-72 -Trade Dispute between Marine Drilling Oyo State of Nigeria Public Service and Construction Workers? Unions of Competition for Entry into the Admini- Nigeria and Transworld Drilling Com-- strative and Special Departmental Cadres pay (Nigeria) Limited . 1462-63 in 1978 , . 1472-73 Constituent Assembly—Elected Candi. Vacancies .- 1473-74 ; dates ~ -» ° 1463-69 Customs and Excise—Dieposal of Un- . Land required for the Service of the _ Claimed Goods at Koko Port o. 1474 Federal Military Government 1469-70 Termination of Oil Prospecting Licences 1470 InpEx To LecaL Notice in SupPLEMENT Royalty on Thorium and Zircon Ores . (1470 Provisional Royalty on Tantalite .. -- 1470 L.N. No. Short Title Page Provisional Royalty on Columbite 1470 53 Currency Offences Tribunal (Proce- Nkpat Enin Postal Agency--Opening of 1471 dure) (Amendment) Rules 1977... B241 1444 - OFFICIAL GAZETTE No. 47, Vol. 64 Government Notice No. 1235 NEW APPOINTMENTS AND OTHER STAFF CHANGES - The following are notified for general information _ NEW APPOINTMENTS Department ”Name ” Appointment- Date of Appointment Customs and Excise A j ~Clerical Assistant 1-2~73 ‘ ‘Adewoyin,f OfficerofCustoms and Excise 25-8-75 Akan: Cleri .
    [Show full text]
  • Boko Haram Insurgency and the Counter-Terrorism Policy in Nigeria
    ISSN 1712-8056[Print] Canadian Social Science ISSN 1923-6697[Online] Vol. 10, No. 2, 2014, pp. 151-155 www.cscanada.net DOI:10.3968/4259 www.cscanada.org Boko Haram Insurgency and the Counter-Terrorism Policy in Nigeria Felix Akpan[a],*; Okonette Ekanem[b]; Angela Olofu-Adeoye[c] [a]Ph.D.. Department of Public Administration, University of Calabar, treat them like terrorists rather than freedom fighters. Calabar, Nigeria. [b] Boko Haram; Insurgency; Freedom Department of Public Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar, Key words: Nigeria. fighters; Counter-terrorism policy [c]Centre for Conflict Management and Peace Studies, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria. * Felix Akpan, Okonette Ekanem, & Angela Olofu-Adeoye (2014). Corresponding author. Boko Haram Insurgency and the Counter-Terrorism Policy in Nigeria. Canadian Social Science, 10(2), 151-155. Available Received 12 January 2014; accepted 1 March 2014 from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/css/article/view/4259 Pulished online 15 April 2014 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/4259 Abstract The Boko Haram fundamentalist Islamic group is the first insurgent organization in Nigeria to be classified as INTRODUCTION a terrorist organization by the United States of America Apart from the challenges of poverty, sectarian, economic and its allies. Since 2009 the violence the group has and political crises, and Niger Delta Militancy, Nigeria unleashed on the Nigerian State is unprecedented in the is currently facing a deeper and profound challenge of history of insurgency in the country. Several studies have terrorism, especially in the North-Eastern region of the intellectualized the origin, motive and other activities of country.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternative Dispute Resolution – the Biu Emirate Mediation Centre
    January 2018 Newsletter - Enhancing State and Community Level Conflict Management Capability in North Eastern Nigeria This is a 4-year programme that will enhance state and community level conflict management capability in order to prevent the escalation of conflict into violence across the three North East States of Nigeria – Adamawa, Borno and Yobe. Key Activities – January 2018 Alternative Dispute Resolution in Action – Borno State Traditional Ruler Training – Wives and Scribes/Record Keeping Systems Policy Dialogue Forum Meetings – Yobe and Borno States Continued Community Peace and Safety Platform (CPSPs) Meetings Alternative Dispute Resolution – The Biu Emirate Mediation Centre “Following the recent training we received from Green Horizon Limited under the European Union funded MCN Programme on Alternative Dispute Resolution, which took place in Biu, His Royal Highness the Emir of Biu, Alh. Umar Mustapha Aliyu, was briefed by the facilitators during their visit to the palace. Immediately after the visit, the Emir of Biu on 15 January 2018 established an office known as Dakin Sulhu (Mediation Centre). Mediation commenced at the Centre on 20 January 2018. So far we have mediated and resolved seven cases related to land, community leadership and family issue. A very important one is a case of mediation that settled the difference between two community leaders, Mal Kawo and Mal Magaji. Both of them had been contesting for leadership in their community and had been in dispute for the past 9 years, not even talking to each other. But with the intervention of the Dakin Sulhu, the dispute was laid to rest, and now they live amicably with each other.” Zannan Sulhu of Biu Emirate, head of Biu Emirate Mediation Centre (Dakin Sulhu) 1 Community Leaders shaking hands shortly after a 9-year old quarrel between them was settled at the Dakin Sulhu (Biu Emirate Mediation Centre).
    [Show full text]