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Fasciola Gigantica and F Hepatica Fasciola gigantica and F hepatica: a comparative study of some characteristics of Fasciola infection in Lymnaea truncatula infected by either of the two trematodes Gilles Dreyfuss, Daniel Rondelaud To cite this version: Gilles Dreyfuss, Daniel Rondelaud. Fasciola gigantica and F hepatica: a comparative study of some characteristics of Fasciola infection in Lymnaea truncatula infected by either of the two trematodes. Veterinary Research, BioMed Central, 1997, 28 (2), pp.123-130. hal-00902465 HAL Id: hal-00902465 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00902465 Submitted on 1 Jan 1997 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Original article Fasciola gigantica and F hepatica: a comparative study of some characteristics of Fasciola infection in Lymnaea truncatula infected by either of the two trematodes G Dreyfuss D Rondelaud2 1 Laborntnirc de parasitologie. Faculté de p/wmlllcie, 2 1.fiborafoir« d’histo/lillhologie parasitaire, Faculté de iiié(le(.ine, 2, rue du /!fx’/fM;’-/<!Y)))f;;!f/-MHrf/<;);(/. 87025 Lillloges cedex, Hrancnf (Reccivcd 3 June 1996; acccpted 10 Septcmber 1996) Summary &horbar; Experimental infections were carried out using three Lymnueu truncatulo pop- ulations and two Fascio/a species in order to determine the trematode influence on six param- eters of snail infection by either of the two trematodes. All experiments were performed using snails 4 mm long, two miracidia for each L trtili(-(ittilti, and a constant temperature of 20 °C. No significant influence of trematode species was detected in the following parameters: snail sur- vival at day 30, the life span of infected snails (from miracidial exposure to snail death), the increase in shell length throughout the experiment, the duration of the patent period and the num- ber of cercariae shed by infected snails. The frequency of cercaria-shedding snails was closely correlated with the particular L truncotuln population and trematode species. A similar finding in two populations was also noted for the frequencies found in the infected snails who died with- out emission. The prepatent period had a longer duration in the Fasciola gigantica-infected groups. The percentages of floating cysts were greater in the Fa.s’c’w/« gig(ii7ti(-(i groups than in the Fasciola hepatica groups. cercaria / metacercaria / Fasciola sp / Lymnaea truncatula Résumé &horbar; Fasciola gigantica et F hepatica : étude comparative de plusieurs caractéris- tiques de l’infestation fasciolienne chez trois populations de Lymnaea truncatula infes- tées par l’un ou l’autre des trématodes. Des infestations expérimentales ont été réalisées !:! Correspondence and reprints Tel: (33) 05 55 43 58 63; fax: (33) 05 55 43 58 OIII1 chez trois populations de Lymnaea truncatula afin de déterminer l’influence du trématode sur les caractéristiques de l’infestation lorsque la même souche est parasitée par Fasciola gigantica ou par F hepatica. Toutes les expériences ont été effectuées en utilisant des mollusques de 4 mm de longueur, deux miracidiums pour chaque L truncatula et une température constante de 20 °C pour l’élevage des limnées. L’espèce du trématode n’a pas eu d’effet sur la survie des limnées au 30e jour, la durée de vie des mollusques infestés (depuis l’exposition aux miracidiums jusqu’à la mort des mollusques), l’accroissement de la longueur de la coquille au cours de l’expérience, la durée de la période patente et le nombre total de cercaires produites par les limnées infestées. Les fréquences des mollusques avec des émissions cercariennes ont été étroitement corrélées à la souche de L truncatula et à l’espèce du trématode utilisées pour ces expériences. Il en a été de même pour les pourcentages relevés dans deux populations chez les mollusques infestés qui sont morts sans émission. Des durées plus longues ont été observées dans les trois séries infestées par F gigantica pour la période prépatente. Les pourcentages des kystes flottants étaient plus importants dans le cas de F gigantica que dans le cas de F hepatica. cercaire / métacercaire / Fasciola sp / Lymnaea truncatula INTRODUCTION hepatica (Boray, 1978) and a potential inter- mediate host of F gigantica under laboratory Species of the !v/wM<?K/ac family are known conditions (Rakotondravao and Rondelaud, for their role as intermediate hosts in the life 1991). Snails originating from three popula- cycle of Fasciola gigantica or Fasciola hep- tions of L truncntuln were exposed to atica. Work by Boray ( 1978) reviewed their miracidia of F gigantica or F hepatica, and aptitude for the development of these trema- six parameters of snail infection were stud- tode’s larval forms. Most reports, however, ied. used a single snail-parasite system (Euzeby, 1971 ). Studies on the same population of lym- naeid snails infected by either of two trema- MATERIALS AND METHODS todes are rare. Dreyfuss and Rondelaud ( 1995) demonstrated that parasite productivity was Experimental protocol clearly higher in Lymnuea tonientosti infected by F gigantica than in the same snail popula- Three French populations of L triin(-atut(i liv- tion infected by F hepatica, while the number ing either in the department of Indre (Les of miracidia per snail and the experimental Doucets, commune of Saint-Marcel for popu- conditions remained identical. It is therefore lation A), and in the department of Haute-Vienne possible to suggest that the greater produc- (Les Chataiizniers, commune of Peyrat-de-Bel- tivity of F gigantica rediae noted in L tomen- lac for colony B; Le Treuil, commune of Limo- tosa ought to have an impact on the princi- ges-Landouge for population C) were used in pal characteristics of snail infection such as the experiment. Colony A originated from a road survival rate or life span of infected snails. A ditch on calcareous soil, whereas populations B logical question to pose is whether the param- and C lived in swampy meadows situated on eters of snail infection are the same when the siliceous soil. These three populations were same population of Lymnaea is infected by known to be devoid of natural trematode infec- either of the two Fasciola. To answer this tion because regular sampling of snails had question, we performed experimental infec- occurred these sites over 2 years and no trema- tions using Lymnaea truncatula which was tode larval form was found in dissected snails. known to be a natural intermediate host of F The snails were transported to the laboratory under isothermal conditions and placed in stan- the water in the dish was changed. Non-cercar- dard breeding aquaria for an acclimatization ial shedding snails were dissected just after their period of at least 48 h at 20 °C. All experiments death to detect the presence of F hepatica larval were performed using snail 4 mm long; this forms and to recognize uninfected snails from length corresponds to the preadult size for L trun- infected snails that died without shedding. catula. The F gigantica eggs were collected at the slaughterhouse of Tananarive (Madagascar), whereas those of F hepatica came from the Parameters utilized slaughterhouse of Limoges (France). They were collected from the gallbladders of cattle with Survival rate on day 30 was calculated using the chronic Fasciola infections and were incubated ratio between the number of survivors counted on for 20 days at 20 °C in complete darkness this day and the number of snails at the onset of (Ollerenshaw, 1971; Rakotondravao, 1984). experiment. The frequency of snails with cer- Table I gives the characteristics of the six carial shedding (first category) was calculated in relation to the number of snails on experimental groups. They were raised under surviving 30. A similar was used for the fre- constant conditions at 20 °C, with artificial light- day protocol of infected snails that died without emis- ing for 12 h (0700 to 1900 hours) at an inten- quency sion The differences between sity of 3 000 lux at the aquaria surface. Each (second category). the were a L truncatula was exposed to two miracidia for percentages analyzed using compari- son test of 4 h. The choice of two miracidia per snail was experimental frequencies (Stat-Itcf, 1988). preferred to that of one, three or more miracidia/snail because the infection rate was The life span of the control and infected snails optimal without large mortality. The snails were corresponded to the time interval between the subsequently raised until day 30 in closed-circuit onset of experiment or miracidial exposure, and aquaria in an air-conditioned room at 20 °C (five the snail’s death. The increase in the shell length snails per litre of water). Control groups of unin- throughout experiment corresponded to the dif- fected snails were also formed (25 animals for ference between the value measured at miracidial each population). At day 30, the surviving snails exposure and that determined at snail’s death. from the control and experimental groups were The duration of the prepatent period extended isolated in 35 mm diameter petri dishes with 2 or from miracidial exposure to the first day of cer- 3 mL of water and a piece of lettuce. The recip- carial shedding, whereas the patent period con- ients were placed in the same air-conditioned cerned the whole shedding period until the room at 20 °C. Every 2 days until the snail’s snail’s death. The total number of metacercariae death, a metacercarial count was performed and included all types (floating cysts, fixed cysts and free cysts).
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