City Development Plan for

Submitted to:

Urban Administration Development Department

Coordinated by

City Managers Association, Madhya Pradesh

Submitted by

SENES Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

July 2013

i City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Executive Summary

To benefit ULBs of state by various government schemes, GoMP introduced CDP preparation for 5 Municipal Councils, 245 Nagar Parishads and 30 other urban centers. City Development Plan (CDP) highlighting the vision statement of the ULB is the basic document required for accessing the funds from various government schemes. Urban Administration and Development Department (UADD) of GoMP, with support from the City Managers Association Madhya Pradesh (CMAMP) have been instrumental in project formulation.

UADD, GoMP have appointed SENES Consultants India Pvt. Ltd. (SENES) for preparing the CDPs for seven small ULBs in the state, which includes Gotegaon, Kareli and Tendukheda in ; and Babai in District; and and Khirkiya in district.

Khirkiya CDP has prepared a perspective and a vision for the future development under certain objectives and goals to identify thrust areas in various sectors which need to be addressed on a priority basis in order to achieve the objectives and the vision. It also provided the overall framework within which projects are identified and put forward in an investment plan. The CDP is prepared in following phases: i. Existing situation analysis; ii. Development of city vision; iii. Strategies and prioritization; and iv. City investment plan and financial operating plan 3 Stakeholder consultation meeting has been conducted at various stages of project

 Kick off and Inception (I Workshop -15th November 2011)  Sector Analysis and City Profile (II Workshop – 15th February 2012)  City Vision and Sector Goals (III workshop -02nd July 2012)

INTRODUCTION: Khirkiya is a Class 3 town in west of , Madhya Pradesh. Town is located on junction of SH 15 which connect Harda and Khadwa city to town. Town has developed in two parts, one known as Chippawad and another as Khirkiya. The town has 3 drains and 1 water body named as Chippawad talab in south of Chippawad. Urbanized area of town is spreaded along main Khirkiya road and SH 15. Town has the Grain mandi, CHC and it also has Historic, economic, commercial and institutional importance in region.

The population of town has reached to 22747 by 2011 (as per 2011 census) with decreasing decadal growth rate. In Administrative boundary of 9.17 sqkm area the town has 15 wards with only 2.86 sqkm is urbanized. In Socio status the literacy rate of town is 75.06%, gender ratio is 936 and 31.24% of population is under BPL category. It has been estimated by arithmetic method that the population of town for design year 2017, 2027 and 2037 will reach to 25297, 29548 and 33798, respectively and the CDP will suggest all measures for infrastructure and developments for projected population.

LANDUSE PATTERN: As per Landuse map generated through field surveys by consultant, the urbanized area has 50.53% of residential area, followed by open land, commercial, public and semi public and transportation with 22.97%, 7.89% and 6.89% and 5.45 %, respectively. In 9.17 sqkm of total administrative area only 30.48 % is urbanized, rest is under agriculture.

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SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE: Water supply: In water supply sector the town pumps out 9.30 Lakh liter per day, this concludes the supply of 40 LPCD, which is far below the standard of 135 LPCD. Nagar Parishad is supplying water from underground sources through 14 tube wells, 61 hand pumps, 05 water tankers of total 26000 liter capacity and 06 OHT of combined capacity of 8.35 lakh liter. Distribution network in town is of 14.28 meters covering 64% of total population. As per UDPFI norms of 60 LPCD, the town needs to augment water supply to 4.56 MLD by 2037 along with installation of 5746 household meters. Sectoral issues:  Dependency on ground water sources for supply by municipality;  Inadequate water supply to meet present and future demands;  Absence of metered water connections;  Wastage and un-accountancy for water is high by 30 to 40%.  Deteriorated state of existing network and infrastructure Projects proposed:  Water supply augmentation from Surface water source like Machak River to 4.56 MLD  Development of water treatment facility of 4.56 MLD capacity  Construction of distribution network of 28.73 km  Installation of 5746 meters at household level.  Refurbishment of old water pipelines (5.71 km)

Sewerage: Khirkiya doesn‟t have Sewerage system to dispose of sewerage generated in town. People and Nagar Parishad is depending on soak pit based toilets. It‟s a very expensive system and therefore every one can‟t afford it which result in 40% population defecates in open. Soak pit toilets also possess threat of contemning ground water sources. The town requires 30.42 km of underground sewerage system (as per UDPFI norms of 90% coverage of road length) along with 3.65 MLD capacity of sewage treatment plant. Sectoral issues:  Lack of comprehensive sewerage system  Mixing of sewage and storm water.  Open defecation is creating pollution  Threat of contamination of underground water sources from soak pit based toilets.

Projects proposed:  Laying of sewerage network of a total length of 30.42 km by 2037  Construction of STP with a total capacity of 3.65 MLD by 2037.  Construction of DEWATS System for 0.63 MLD of black water in already developed areas.

Sanitation system: In absence of sewerage system individuals are installing soak pit toilets and Nagar Parishad has constructed 02 pay and use toilets with 10 seats each for tourist and visitors. As per UDPFI norm of 60 person/seat, Khirkiya requires 94 free seats in total by 2037.

Sectoral issues:

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 Need for greater coverage and better maintenance of public conveniences - Given the significant proportion of slum population, there is a need for providing additional public conveniences and on their upkeep and maintenance. Projects Proposed  Addition of 94 public toilet seats by the year 2037

Solid waste management: Khirkiya generates about 5.79 ton of solid waste every day (estimate of 250 gm of waste /person/day). To manage this waste Nagar Parishad has 24 dustbins, 3 tractors, 3 trolleys, 20 pushcarts, 10 tricycles and 01 container placer. The present dumping site is located in ward 01 and 05. In solid waste managing staff town has 1, sanitary inspector, 55 Sanitary workers out of which 11 are permanent and rest are temporary. Waste collection efficiency of Nagar Parishad is about 60%. Door to door collection has been started in only market area along main road. It is estimated that by 2037 the town will generate about 8.45 Ton of waste per day which will require 17 handcarts, 25 tricycles and 2 dumper placers. A Vermi-composting plant of capacity 5.66 ton/day along with landfill site with capacity 2.79 ton/day has been proposed for 2037. Sectoral issues:  Unavailability of Door to door collection system in all wards  Waste collection and disposal efficiency is 60 % only.  Unavailability of scientific disposal site.  Land, water and air pollution along with health risk around open dumping areas at ward 01 and 05. Project Proposed:  Construction of Vermi composting plant of capacity 5.66 ton/day  Construction of Landfill site of capacity 2.79 ton/day  Revamping of present SWM infrastructure by adding staff, machineries and tools.

Drainage system: Town has surface drainage system constructed along both or one side of roads and ultimately connected to Chowkdi road drain, Sindwala baba drain and Ward 10 drain. Total length of tertiary drains constructed in town is about 24.0 km out of which 20.0 km is pucca and rest is earthen. 37.87% of total population is connected with drainage system and 71.2% of which is facilitated with open drains. Areas along major drains are prone to Floods while monsoons. By 2037 town will require 43.94 km of drainage system which need to be constituted with 29.44 km of pucca closed and 14.50 km of pucca open drains. Drains cleaning system i.e. Root zone treatment system is also proposed to reduce down water pollution in drains. Sectoral issues:  Present drainage network has only 37.87% coverage.  Open drains are chocked and overflowing.  Direct waste water discharge in major drains resulting in water pollution.  Polluted Waste Water may sip to ground water.

Project Proposed:  Root zone treatment plant of capacity 1.88 MLD on major drains.  Construction of 43.94 km of drainage network by 2037, including 29.44 km of Pucca closed drainage network.

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Road network: Khirkiya lies in west of Harda. SH 15 passes between Khirkiya and Chippawad with 02 km length in administrative boundary. Municipal road length is about 21.76 km out of which 12.16 km is concrete road, 3.35 km WBM, 2.3 km Black top and 3.5 km is un-surfaced. Existing condition of roads are satisfactory but overall road length is not adequate. Public transport is through private vehicles only with travel characteristics more towards Harda. Unavailability of parking space on SH 15 and main road is causing congestion in peak hours. As per UDPFI norm of 1m/person road, Khirkiya will require 33.80 km of road by 2037. Bypass is also proposed from north of Khirkiya to decongest SH 15 and to regulate development in north. Widening of present roads and construction of new road network with hierarchy is also proposed as per development trend. Sectoral Issues:  Major junction and roads are suffering congestion  SH 15 and main road are not wide enough to accommodate present traffic volume  Encroachment by commercial and residence is also causing nuisance.  Widths of internal streets are not wide enough. Project Proposed:  Bypassing the SH15 from north of Khirkiya.  Construction of total 33.80km of road network based on width hierarchy for whole town.  Acquisition of 31.69 hac land for widening of existing network  Development of 1.58 hac area for parking.  Development of footpaths along roads with divider.

Fire Fighting: Khirkiya has adequate infrastructure required for fire fighting. It has 01 fire tender of 3000 liter capacity and 04 water tankers. The available infrastructure is enough for next 25 year, but betterment is required in recruiting staff and construction of water storage tank of 473 KL every day capacity. Sectoral Issues:  Fire fighting staff is not sufficient  Alternate water source other than ground water is not available.  Narrow streets are obstructing fire tenders and water tankers to reach at incident location.

Street lighting: In Khirkiya streets light are not sufficient and all fixtures are high energy consuming. Town has about 410 total lighting poles which are spread on 21.73 km of road resulted in 50 meters of average distance and 56.60% coverage. 64.4% of total poles are installed with mercury lamps, 29.2% with sodium vapor lamps and 6.4% with 60w bulbs.

Sectoral issues:  Slum areas are not well lit.  Street lighting requires huge amount of power  Repair of poles and equipments is required in some areas.  Areas at the periphery of town need special attention Project proposed:  LED based Solar lighting system are proposed over conventional lighting poles  Installation of 1127 lighting poles by 2037

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Education and health facilities: Khirkiya has 29 educational institutes including 02 government high secondary, and 05 Govt. primary schools. In health sector town has 1 CHC in wards 6 with 4 doctors including 01 lady doctor, and 07 private clinics. Sectoral issues:  Health institutions are not sufficient.  High end facilities in CHC are not available.  Uneven distribution of health & educational centers at ward level.  Most of the government schools are not facilitated with library, sport and other facilities.  Town’s educational institutions are running at over-capacity Proposed Projects  One hospital and augmentation of 04 beds  14 primary schools and 05 secondary school  Construction of one school for handicaps.  Community Halls  Development of mela ground  Develop stadium with shopping arcade.  Community centers

Urban poor and slum: 31.24% of total population of Khirkiya is in BPL category, around 1383 BPL families constitute population of 6915 (estimate 2011). Rajiv Gandhi ward has the highest BPL population of 1045 and Bajrang Bali ward has the lowest BPL population of 105. Nagar Parishad has notified slums in ward 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 15 with slum population 1458. Most of the slums are equipped with road, drain, public stand post and acceptable houses. Sectoral Issues  Unavailability of data for slum areas  Lack of public awareness towards development programmes Proposed Projects  Development and rehabilitation of slum housing at new location  Up-gradation and maintenance of civic & social infrastructure in the slums Existing institutional Framework for Development: Development of town is not sole responsibility of ULBs. Depending on the kind of development and management requires in specific sector of town there are several departments, authorities, bodies, corporations and boards controlling the affairs of urban development. The ULB is required to closely work with and share the responsibility of urban management with them. The agencies involved in urban management and development at Madhya Pradesh and at Khirkiya are: 1. Urban Administration and Development Department; 2. Town and Country Planning Department; 3. Madhya Pradesh Housing Board; 4. Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board; and 5. Nagar Palika Parishad (of Khirkiya).

Sectoral Issues  Mandatory reforms for ULBs have not been implemented till now.

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 ULB lack in basic infrastructure to initiate implementation process.  Lack of skilled people to use the e-technology.  Lack of funds with ULB. Proposed Projects  Phase wise strategic implementation of mandatory reforms for ULB.  Remove deficit between municipal income and expenditure.  Promote use of e-governance system in ULB.  Regular training of staff to improve efficiency level.  Conduct survey to identify slum area and BPL population to apportion funding for their improvement.

Environment: Khirkiya is facing problem of air pollution along SH 15 and main road, land pollution due to open dumping at ward 1 and 5 and on banks of drains and Water pollution in secondary drains. Ground water quality is acceptable at present, but town is lacking open green spaces like parks. Sectoral issues:  Open waste dumping  Direct discharge of waste water in major drains  Lacking of big green spaces between old residential areas.  Choked drains due to waste dumping.  Absence of tree plantation and depleting existing tree cover.  Encroachment along the river and major drains causing environmental issues Proposed project:  Development of river water front  Air quality monitoring  Regular water pollution checking  Water bodies conservation  Development of a regional park  Promotion of tree plantation.

Municipal Finance: Financial statement of town of last 4 years i.e. 2008-09 to 2011-12 are evaluated. The overall status is deficit in all evaluated statements. The revenue income with CAGR 16.2 % has increased from Rs. 198.5 lakhs in FY 2008-09 to Rs. 361.3 lakhs in FY 2011-12. The revenue expenditure with CAGR 11.9% has increased from Rs 289.9 Lakh in FY 2008-09 to 472.8 Lakh in FY 2011-12. In capital accounts the income has grown to a level of Rs. 520 lakhs in FY 2011-12 from Rs. 382.0 lakhs in FY 2008-09. The expenditure has also increased to Rs 473.4 lakhs from Rs. 319.9 lakhs in same time.. Sectoral Issues:  The operation ratio of TNP was 1.43 for last 4 years indicating expenditure is more than income  The Capital Utilization Ratio of town is 0.88 indicating that capital income is not fully utilized.  Tax revenue accounts only 29% of the revenue income, which is low.

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Investment Framework: The investment estimation of projects identified from strategies and the prioritization evolved through surveys and stakeholder‟s discussions are proposed for the town in short, medium and long term. Costs of projects are based on unit cost method and the extent of project requirement. Road and urban transport sector requires maximum investment of Rs 5070 Lakhs by 2037, followed by water supply at Rs 1391 Lakhs, Storm water draiange at Rs. 280 Lakhs and Sewerage & sanitation at Rs. 813 Lakhs. Social culutural facilities require Rs. 753.75 Lakhs and Urban Poor and Slum Up gradation, Education & health Infrastructure will be financed under separate scheme. Sector wise investment required till the year 2037 is given in table below: Investment Need till Distribution Implementing Sl. No. Sectors 2037 (Rs. Lakhs) (%) Agency Base Cost 1 Water Supply 1,391.84 11.26% KNP 2 Sewerage & Sanitation 813.56 6.58% KNP 3 Roads & Urban Transport 4,922.06 39.80% KNP 4 Storm Water Drains 280.98 2.27% KNP 5 Street lighting 147.52 1.19% KNP 6 Solid Waste Management 134.02 1.08% KNP 7 Urban Poor and Slum Upgradation 580.00 4.69% IHSDP State 8 Education Infrastructure 902.00 7.29% Government State 9 Health Infrastructure 1,275.00 10.31% Government 10 Socio-Cultural Facilities 753.75 6.10% KNP 11 Economy 695.00 5.62% KNP 12 Urban Environment 100.00 0.81% KNP 13 Urban Governance 70.00 0.57% KNP 14 Other Projects 55.00 0.44% KNP 15 Heritage and tourism 245.00 1.98% KNP Total Investment 12,365.68 100.00%

Sustainable Financial and Operating Plan: The Financial operating plan for Khirkiya is prepared for short term i.e. 2012-13 to 2016-17. FOP is prepared considering existing Municipal finance, all outstanding dues, including debt and non-debt liabilities if any. It also checks the capability of ULB to sustain the finance for proposed project with 4 set of reforms:  Case 1: Base Investment Capacity: Sustainability 0.00%  Case 2: With reforms in Property Tax, Water Charges and Sewerage charges: Sustainability 0.00%  Case 3: Reforms and grants similar to UIDSSMT: Sustainability 0.00%  Case 4: Reforms and grants similar to UIDSSMT along with debt Funding: Sustainability 25.00% Financial condition of Khirkiya municipal authority is severely bad and it is not able to provide any support for implementation of project by its own. 25% financial sustenance is observed in 4th case only Above shown cases clears that ULB alone, even with implementation of Reforms under UIDSSMT scheme is not able to finance all projects proposed in City Development plan, but ULB can substantially increase its sustainable capacity with these reforms. ULB can also introduce project under PPP model along with support from UADD, GoMP.

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City Vision and sector Goal: City vision of Khirkiya was generated through stakeholders consultative process, took place after rapid assessment of the town‟s infrastructure, physical and environmental aspects and institutional and financial status. “Eco A well developed, organized, prosperous, progressive city with all basic and advance infrastructure”

Along with City vision several major themes were also identified on which the development and planning process should take place:  The town should attain a key position in agro-based industries;  Support industrialization in its hinterland; and  Promote education, health institutions, tourism and a safe environment for the citizens.

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Table of Contents I 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND...... 1 1.2 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN ...... 1 1.3 OBJECTIVE OF ASSIGNMENT ...... 2 1.4 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN ...... 2 2.0 CITY PROFILE ...... 7 2.1 DISTRICT PROFILE, HARDA ...... 7 2.1.1 Introduction ...... 7 2.1.2 Location and Regional Linkages ...... 7 2.1.3 Administrative Divisions ...... 7 2.1.4 Natural Drainage ...... 7 2.2 TOWN PROFILE (KHIRKIYA) ...... 8 2.2.1 Location and Connectivity ...... 8 2.2.2 History and Growth of Town ...... 9 2.2.3 Physiographic and Landform ...... 11 3.0 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ...... 14 Demography and Socio-Economic Base- Harda District ...... 14 3.1 POPULATION GROWTH TREND AND DENSITY OF TOWN (KHIRKIYA) ...... 15 3.2 WARD-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION ...... 16 3.3 POPULATION PROJECTION ...... 18 3.4 ISSUES ...... 19 3.5 SOCIO – ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE TOWN ...... 19 3.5.1 Literacy Rate & Gender Ratio ...... 19 3.5.2 Work participation Details ...... 21 3.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASE ...... 23 3.6.1 Commercial Activity ...... 23 3.6.2 Industrial Activity ...... 23 3.6.3 Tourism Potential ...... 24 3.7 ISSUES ...... 24 4.0 PHYSICAL PLANNING AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT ...... 26 4.1 SPATIAL GROWTH TRENDS ...... 26 4.2 FUTURE GROWTH PATTERN ...... 26 4.3 LAND-USE ANALYSIS ...... 28 4.3.1 Residential ...... 30 4.3.2 Commercial ...... 30 4.3.3 Industrial ...... 30 4.3.4 Public and semi-public ...... 30 4.3.5 Utilities ...... 31 4.3.6 Recreational (open space) ...... 31 4.3.7 Transportation ...... 31 4.3.8 Water bodies ...... 32 4.3.9 Agriculture ...... 32 5.0 CITY INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 34 5.1 WATER SUPPLY ...... 34 5.1.1 Existing Status ...... 34 5.1.2 Present and Future Demand Supply Gaps ...... 36 5.1.3 Issues ...... 39 5.1.4 SWOT Analysis ...... 39 5.2 SEWERAGE SYSTEM ...... 39 5.2.1 Existing Status ...... 39 5.2.2 Present and Future Demand and Supply Gaps ...... 40 5.2.3 Issues ...... 40 5.3 SANITATION SYSTEM ...... 41

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5.3.1 Existing Status ...... 41 5.3.2 Present and Future Demand and Supply Gaps ...... 41 5.3.3 Issues ...... 42 5.3.4 SWOT Analysis ...... 42 5.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ...... 42 5.4.1 Existing Status ...... 42 5.4.2 Present and Future Demand and Supply Gaps ...... 43 5.4.3 Issues ...... 44 5.4.4 SWOT Analysis ...... 45 5.5 DRAINAGE ...... 47 5.5.1 Existing Status ...... 47 5.5.2 Present and Future Demand and Supply Gaps ...... 49 5.5.3 Issues ...... 49 5.5.4 SWOT Analysis ...... 49 5.6 ROAD NETWORK ...... 50 5.6.1 Existing Road Network ...... 50 5.6.2 Present and Future Demand and Supply Gaps ...... 51 5.6.3 Traffic and transportation ...... 55 5.6.4 Issues ...... 55 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis ...... 55 5.7 STREET LIGHTING ...... 57 5.7.1 Existing Situation of Street Lights...... 57 5.7.2 Present and Future Demand and Supply Gap ...... 57 5.7.3 Issues ...... 58 5.8 FIRE FIGHTING ...... 58 5.8.1 Existing Scenario Present and Future Demand and Supply Gaps ...... 58 5.9 URBAN POOR AND THEIR ACCESSIBILITY TO BASIC SERVICES...... 59 5.9.1 Poverty in the Town ...... 59 5.9.2 Slums in the Town ...... 60 5.9.3 Issues ...... 64 5.10 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 64 5.10.1 Health Infrastructure ...... 64 5.10.2 Present and Future Demand and Supply Gaps ...... 64 5.10.3 Education ...... 65 5.10.4 Present and Future Demand and Supply Gaps ...... 65 5.10.5 Issues ...... 66 5.10.6 SWOT Analysis ...... 66 5.11 OTHER SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 66 5.11.1 Existing status...... 67 5.12 HOUSING SCENARIO ...... 67 5.12.1 Existing status...... 67 5.12.2 Issues: ...... 68 5.13 ENVIRONMENT: ...... 68 6.0 EXISTING INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPMENT ...... 70 6.1 URBAN ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT ...... 70 6.2 TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING DEPARTMENT ...... 71 6.3 MADHYA PRADESH HOUSING BOARD ...... 71 6.4 MADHYA PRADESH POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD ...... 71 6.5 KHIRKIYA NAGAR PARISHAD ...... 72 6.5.1 Structure of Khirkiya Parishad ...... 73 7.0 ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING MUNICIPAL FINANCE ...... 75 7.1 FINANCIAL STATUS AT A GLANCE - KHIRKIYA ...... 75 7.2 REVENUE ACCOUNT ...... 76 7.2.1 Revenue Income ...... 76 7.2.2 Own Sources ...... 77 7.2.3 Assigned Revenue and Compensation ...... 77 7.2.4 Grants/ Contributions ...... 78 7.3 REVENUE EXPENDITURE ...... 78 7.4 CAPITAL ACCOUNT ...... 79

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7.5 OBSERVATIONS ...... 80 8.0 VISION AND SECTOR GOALS ...... 81 8.1 FORMULATION OF THE CITY VISION ...... 81 8.1.1 Vision for Khirkiya ...... 81 8.2 MISSION STATEMENTS FOR KHIRKIYA ...... 82 8.3 SECTOR GOALS ...... 83 8.4 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 83 8.4.1 Water supply and distribution ...... 83 8.4.2 Sewerage & Sanitation ...... 84 8.4.3 Roads & Transportation ...... 84 8.4.4 Storm water drainage ...... 85 8.4.5 Solid waste management ...... 85 8.4.6 Street Lighting ...... 86 8.5 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 86 8.5.1 Health ...... 86 8.5.2 Education ...... 87 8.6 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ...... 87 8.7 URBAN POOR ...... 87 8.8 URBAN GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ...... 88 9.0 PROPOSED PROJECTS FOR STRATEGIC GROWTH AND BRIDGING THE DEMAND GAPS 89 9.1 PLANNING CONCEPT ...... 89 9.1.1 Concept...... 89 9.2 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR CIVIC INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 91 9.2.1 WATER SUPPLY ...... 91 9.2.2 SEWERAGE SYSTEM ...... 101 9.2.3 SANITATION ...... 108 9.2.4 ROADS, TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT AND STREET LIGHTING ...... 108 9.2.5 STREET LIGHTING: ...... 112 9.2.6 STORM WATER DRAINAGE ...... 113 9.2.7 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ...... 122 9.2.8 SLUMS AND BASIC SERVICES FOR THE URBAN POOR ...... 128 9.3 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 131 9.3.1 Health ...... 131 9.3.2 Education ...... 131 9.3.3 Other Social Infrastructure ...... 132 9.4 STRATEGY FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ...... 134 9.4.1 Other Economic strategies ...... 134 9.5 HERITAGE AND TOURISM ...... 143 9.6 PROPOSED URBAN ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM FOR ULB ...... 144 10.0 INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN ...... 146 10.1 INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK ...... 146 10.2 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN ...... 149 10.3 SECTOR WISE CIP DETAILS – CAPITAL NEEDS/ INVESTMENTS ...... 150 10.3.1 Water Supply ...... 150 10.3.2 Sewerage & Sanitation ...... 151 10.3.3 Roads, Street Lighting and Traffic Management ...... 151 10.3.4 Storm Water Drainage ...... 152 10.3.5 Street Lighting ...... 153 10.3.6 Solid Waste Management ...... 153 10.3.7 Slums and Basic Services for Urban Poor ...... 154 10.3.8 E- Governance ...... 155 10.3.9 Social Infrastructure ...... 155 10.4 SUMMARY OF THE CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN ...... 156 10.4.1 Projects under UDISSMT...... 157 10.4.2 Projects under IHSDP ...... 157 11.0 SUSTAINABLE FINANCIAL AND OPERATING PLAN ...... 159

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11.1 CATEGORIES OF FOP PROJECTIONS ...... 159 11.2 FINANCING STRATEGIES FOR THE CIP ...... 159 11.3 FINANCE PROJECTIONS ...... 160 11.3.1 Municipal Account – Growth Projections and Assumptions ...... 160 11.4 INVESTMENT CAPACITY/ SUSTENANCE ...... 161 11.4.1 Impact of Reforms on Investment Capacity of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad ...... 162 11.4.2 Fund Requirement ...... 162 11.5 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN ...... 163 11.6 PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROJECTS FOR ULB ...... 165

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List of Tables Table No Page no. Table 3-1: Harda Population Profile ...... 14 Table 3-2: Harda Literacy Profile ...... 14 Table 3-3: Administrative Division of Harda and Population Scenario (2001 Census) ...... 14 Table 3-4: Workforce Participation Distribution of Harda (Census 2001) ...... 15 Table 3-5: Population growth trend of Khirkiya ...... 15 Table 3-6: Population Density ...... 16 Table 3-7: Ward Wise Population and Household Details ...... 16 Table 3-8: Population Projections ...... 18 Table 3-9: Population Projection ...... 18 Table 3-10: Population projection for the design years ...... 19 Table 3-11 Socio- Profile Summary ...... 19 Table 3-12: Literacy rate and Sex ratio...... 20 Table 3-13: Ward Wise Demographic Details ...... 20 Table 3-14: Workforce Details for Khirkiya ...... 22 Table 4-1: Land use Details Khirkiya Parishad Area ...... 28 Table 4-2 Broad Landuse of Khirkiya ...... 32 Table 5-1: Water Supply - Service Level Indicators ...... 35 Table 5-2: Water Supply: Demand-Supply Gap Analysis ...... 36 Table 5-3: Sewerage: Demand-Supply Gap Analysis ...... 40 TABLE 5-4 DETAIL ABOUT LATRINES AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, KHIRKIYA ...... 41 Table 5-5: Sanitation: Demand-Supply Gap Analysis ...... 41 Table 5-6: Solid Waste Management - Service Level Indicators ...... 43 Table 5-7: Solid waste Management - Demand - Supply Gap Analysis ...... 43 TABLE 5-8 DRAINAGE CONNECTIVITY IN KHIRKIYA ...... 47 Table 5-9: Drainage: Demand - Supply Gap Analysis ...... 49 Table 5-10: Details of Road Network ...... 50 Table 5-11: Traffic & Transportation: Demand - Supply Gap Analysis ...... 51 Table 5-12: Street Lighting ...... 57 Table 5-13: Street Lighting: Demand - Supply Gap Analysis ...... 57 Table 5-14: Poverty Indicators- families under BPL ...... 59 Table 5-15: Details of Slums and Slum Population ...... 60 Table 5-16: Social Security Plans ...... 61 Table 5-17: Health Infrastructure...... 64 Table 5-18: Health: Demand - Supply Gap Analysis ...... 64 Table 5-19: Educational institutions at Khirkiya ...... 65 Table 5-20: Education: Demand - Supply Gap Analysis ...... 65 TABLE 5-21 HOUSING CONDITION IN KHIRKIYA ...... 68 Table 7-1: Financial Status at a Glance ...... 76 Table 7-2: Source-wise Revenue Income ...... 76 Table 7-3: Tax Revenue ...... 77 Table 7-4: Assigned Revenue ...... 77 Table 7-5: Revenue from Grants/ Contributions ...... 78

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Table 7-6: Application of funds by head of Account ...... 78 Table 7-7: Details of Capital Account ...... 79 Table 7-8 Details of Capital Expenditure ...... 79 Table 8-1: Water Supply ...... 83 Table 8-2: Sewerage and Sanitation ...... 84 Table 8-3: Roads and Traffic Management ...... 85 Table 8-4: Drainage ...... 85 Table 8-5: Solid Waste Management ...... 86 Table 8-6: Street Lighting ...... 86 Table 8-7: Health Infrastructure ...... 87 Table 8-8: Education Infrastructure ...... 87 Table 8-9: Service level for Urban Poor ...... 88 Table 8-10: Urban Governance and Institutional Development ...... 88 Table 9-1 Sectoral priority ...... 91 Table 9-2 Projects Identified by ULB and Consultant for Water Sector ...... 92 Table 9-3: Projects identified by for Sewerage Sector ...... 101 Table 9-4 Projects identified for Roads &Transport Sector ...... 109 Table 9-5 Projects identified for Storm Water Drainage ...... 114 Table 9-6 Projects identified by ULB and Consultant for Solid Waste Management ...... 122 Table 9-7 Projects Identified For Slums & Basic Services for Urban Poor ...... 128 Table 10-1 Sector Wise Distribution of Investment ...... 146 Table 10-2 Proposed Capital Investment for Different Sectors ...... 147 Table 10-3 Year-Wise Phasing of Investment For Water Supply ...... 150 Table 10-4 Year-wise phasing of investment for Sewerage and Sanitation ...... 151 Table 10-5 Year-Wise Phasing of Investment for roads, street lighting and traffic ...... 151 Table 10-6 Year-wise phasing of investment for Storm water drainage ...... 152 Table 10-7 Year-Wise Phasing of Investment for Solid Waste Management ...... 153 Table 10-8 Year-Wise Phasing of Investment for Solid waste management ...... 153 Table 10-9 Year-Wise Phasing of Investment for Urban poor and slum ...... 154 Table 10-10 Year-wise phasing of investment for E-Governance ...... 155 Table 10-11 Other Investment Requirement- By 2015...... 156 Table 10-12 Investment For Projects Under IHSDP ...... 158 Table 11-1: Important assumptions made in the projections ...... 160 Table 11-2: CIP Funding Pattern ...... 163 Table 11-3 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN ...... 164 Table 11-4: Probable Public Private Partnership project for Khirkiya ...... 165

List of Figures Figure No. Page No.

Figure 1-1 CDP development process for Khirkiya ...... 3 FIGURE 1-2: PROPOSED WORK PLAN ...... 6 Figure 2-1 Linkages and connectivity, Harda District ...... 8 Figure 2-2 Location of Khirkiya ...... 9

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Figure 2-3 Base map, Khirkiya ...... 10 Figure 2-4 Ward Map of Khirkiya ...... 13 Figure 3-1 Ward-wise population density map, Khirkiya ...... 17 Figure 3-2: Population projection for Khirkiya ...... 18 FIGURE 4-1 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PATTERN, KHIRKIYA ...... 27 FIGURE 4-2 LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION (URBANIZED AREA) ...... 30 FIGURE 4-3 BROAD LANDUSE OF MUNICIPAL AREA, KHIRKIYA ...... 32 Figure 4-4 Existing Land use map Khirkiya Nagar Parishad ...... 33 Figure 5-1 Existing water supply Map for Khirkiya ...... 37 Figure 5-2 Source based water supply coverage...... 38 Figure 5-3 Existing solid waste disposal Points ...... 46 Figure 5-4 Existing drainage pattern at Khirkiya ...... 48 Figure 5-5 Existing Roads at Khirkiya ...... 53 Figure 5-6 Map showing Congested roads and junctions ...... 54 Figure 5-7 Location of notified slums in Khirkiya ...... 63 Figure 5-8 Cremation ground near BSNL office ...... 67 Figure 6-1: Institutional Structure of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad...... 74 FIGURE 9-1 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PATTERN, KHIRKIYA ...... 90 Figure 9-2 Special Water Tap ...... 94 Figure 9-3 proposed water supply scheme for Khirkiya ...... 95 Figure 9-4 Proposed water supply network, Khirkiya ...... 99 Figure 9-5 Map Showing water supply scheme, Khirkiya ...... 100 Figure 9-6 Septage management ...... 105 Figure 9-7 Proposed sewerage network and Community septic tanks, Khirkiya ...... 106 Figure 9-8 Map showing Location of STP, Khirkiya ...... 107 Figure 9-9 Proposed Road network, Khirkiya ...... 111 Figure 9-10 Proposed drainage network, Khirkiya ...... 120 Figure 9-11 Disilting of drain, Khirkiya ...... 121 Figure 9-12 proposed landfill site for Khirkiya, Timarni and Harda ...... 125 Figure 9-13 Proposed location for Solid waste collection bins, Khirkiya ...... 126 Figure 9-14 Location of Transfer station, Khirkiya ...... 127 Figure 9-15 Illegal slums /colonies, Khirkiya...... 129 Figure 9-16 Slum Rehabilitation site, khirkiya ...... 130 Figure 9-17 Proposed socio- cultural activities, Khirkiya ...... 133 FIGURE 9-18 TOURIST CIRCUIT, KHIRKIYA ...... 144 Figure 10-1 Distribution of Investment by sectors ...... 147 Figure 10-2 Investment shared by administrative bodies ...... 157 Figure 11-1 Finance sustainability check ...... 162

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1 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Rapid urbanisation along with growing population has been a challenge for most of the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in Madhya Pradesh. The technical and financial resource crunch has inhibited the ULBs to meet the need and expectations leading to the delay in formulation of project plans and implementation resulting in poor level of urban services. The smaller ULBs in the state have not been able to get benefit from the various urban development schemes proposed by Government of India (GoI) and Government of Madhya Pradesh (GoMP). The major schemes proposed by GoI in this context are Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) and Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP). GoMP has initiated DFID funded Madhya Pradesh Urban Services for Poor (MPUSP) project which is a reform linked investment project for developing infrastructure to provide greater access to necessary municipal services for the poor.

To increase the capacity of ULBs in the state for availing the benefits of various government schemes, GoMP felt the need for proper planning and developing the strategic framework for converging and coordinating development inputs. City Development Plan (CDP) highlighting the vision statement of the ULB is the basic document required for accessing the funds from various government schemes.

The efforts undertaken by the GoMP for developing the CDPs for various ULBs of Madhya Pradesh is a major mile stone initiative in this direction. During the first phase of the project, CDPs for 96 ULBs of Madhya Pradesh were successfully prepared and during the second phase, CDPs for 5 Municipal Councils, 245 Nagar Parishads and 30 other urban centres of the state are being prepared. Urban Administration and Development Department (UADD) GoMP, with support from City Managers Association Madhya Pradesh (CMAMP) have been instrumental in project formulation during both the phases.

SENES Consultants India Pvt. Ltd. (SENES) has been appointed by UADD for preparing the CDPs for seven small ULBs in the state, which includes Gotegaon, Kareli and Tendukheda in Narsinghpur district, Sohagpur and Babai in and Timarni and Khirkiya in Harda district. This document is the City Vision Report for the town of Khirkiya.

1.2 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

A city development plan provides a perspective and a vision for the future development of the town. It lays down a set of objectives and goals which the town aims to achieve and identifies thrust areas in various sectors which are required to be addressed on a priority basis in order to achieve the objectives and the vision of the town. It provides the overall framework within which projects will be identified and put forward in the form of an investment plan.

It presents the current stage of development of the town and sets out the directions of change. It identifies the thrust areas and also suggests alternative routes, strategies and interventions for bringing about the changes. It provides a framework and vision within which projects need to be identified and implemented. It establishes a logical and consistent framework for evaluation of investment decisions.

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2 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

A CDP is based on the UIDSSMT goal of creating economically productive, efficient, equitable and responsive towns. As a step to achieving this goal, the CDP focuses on the development of economic and social infrastructure, strategies that deals specifically with issues affecting the urban poor, strengthening of municipal governments and their financial accounting and budgeting systems and procedures, creation of structures for bringing in accountability and transparency and elimination of legal and other bottlenecks that have stiffened the land and housing markets. It provides a basis for the town to undertake urban sector reforms that help direct investment into city-based infrastructure. Thus it endeavours to achieve the goal of creating economically productive, efficient, equitable and responsive town.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF ASSIGNMENT

The objective of preparing the CDP is as under:  The city development plan will scale up the existing urban development and poverty alleviation schemes with a comprehensive and coherent strategic planning framework in order to ensure optimal benefits from available resources for the citizen of ULBs.  The CDP aims to catalyse new thinking and provoke debate through consultative stakeholder driven process. The vision and strategic thrust of the CDP will be built around the lessons and findings of a comprehensive and rigorous stakeholder consultation and documentation process.  CDP will serve as a requirement of the UIDSSMT and IHSDP programmes as well as Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewable Mission (JnNURM) and other development schemes.  The CDP will generate specific priorities and projects that will form the basis for mobilising funds from diverse resources.

1.4 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

The overall approach and methodology for development of the CDP for Khirkiya is based on the guidelines provided in the revised CDP toolkit prepared by GoI under JnNURM and UADD/ CMAMP guidelines. The project is divided into following four stages. i) Existing situation analysis; ii) Development of city vision; iii) Strategies and prioritisation; and iv) City investment plan and financial operating plan

Figure 1.1 presents the CDP development process for Khirkiya.

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3 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 1-1 CDP DEVELOPMENT PROCESS FOR KHIRKIYA

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4 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Stage I: Existing Situation Analysis The first stage of the process involves in-depth analysis of the existing situation covering the demographic, economic, financial, infrastructure, physical, environmental and institutional aspects. This is particularly significant to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the town‟s development and to provide an understanding of what impedes service delivery and management within the existing setup and what contributes to better service provision.

This stage also involved identification of the key stakeholders, analyzing the importance of each of them in the CDP process and their potential in influencing the process. SENES with support from Khirkiya Nagar Parishad organized a town level consultation meeting on November 15, 2011 to obtain the inputs of the key stakeholders. The objective of the consultation meeting was to brief the stakeholders about the CDP initiative, obtain their inputs for the same and inform the progress of activities. The consultations focused on the following:  Inputs on identification of critical focus areas of town development;  Discussions on key issues, concerns and challenges of the town; and  General suggestions and recommendations. The list of key stakeholders, who were involved in the consultation process included:  Nagar Parishad officials – Chairman Nagar Parishad , Vice Chairman Nagar Parishad , Assistant Engineer ( AE) and Accounts officer (AO);  Representative from various government departments such as revenue department and Public Works Department (PWD) ;  Representatives of the town such as elected council member (current and previous), citizens (male & female) and press representative

The data collected from secondary sources and through interactive sessions/ interviews/ stakeholders consultations is analyzed to make a realistic assessment of where the town is and the direction in which it has been moving and its strengths and weaknesses. A critical assessment as well as projections of population growth, infrastructure needs and resource requirements in the short-term and long-term perspective is also carried out.

Stage II: Development of City Vision Using the results of the existing situation analysis combined with consultations with key stakeholders and civil society, a vision for the future development of the town is formulated.

The city vision is a collective vision of the future direction expressed in terms of expectations and often even goals for the town, derived from stakeholder consultations. SENES assisted stakeholders in identifying one central or core theme on the basis of defined criteria for economic development of each town, driving the future planning and economic initiatives. The core theme supported by other themes built around it as sub-themes for growth/ development (sector goals) is formulated.

City vision Workshop for the town was conducted on 15th of February 2012 (Minutes of Meeting of IInd Stakeholder Workshop provided as Appendix II. The objective of the city vision workshop was to present to the stakeholders city profile and discuss the city perspective and city priorities as perceived by the stakeholders. Collective and shared vision for the city was developed based on the

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 5 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh discussion with the stakeholders. In addition to the vision statement, sectoral priorities and sectoral goals were discussed and finalized with the stakeholders. The workshop also discussed the short term and long term goals for the town which included the goals to be achieved in next five years.

Stage III: Strategies and Prioritisation The third stage of the project will involve formulating a strategy for bridging the gap between where the town is and where it wishes to go. Strategies and interventions are identified for attaining the vision and future development perspectives. The chosen strategies will be translated into programmes and projects in this stage.

This phase will involve identification of specific program and projects in each development area and a brief description of them covering an overview of the proposed program/ project including the program/ project goal, objectives, broad financial implications and contribution to the vision actualization.

Draft report Workshop for the town was conducted on 02th of July 2012 (Minutes of Meeting of IIIrd Stakeholder Workshop provided as Appendix I. MOMs of 2nd and 1st workshop are provided as Appendix 2 and 3 respectively and copy of Presentation given to stakeholders is provided as Appendix V). The objective of the Draft Report workshop was to present to the stakeholders city profile and discuss the city specific projects proposed by consultants with the stakeholders. The workshop also discussed the benefits and relevancy of proposed projects which included the economic betterment of people, ground water restoration, solid waste disposal methods, multiple methods for sewerage treatment, environmental, health and education.

Stage IV: City Investment Plan and Financial Operating Plan Finally, an aggregate investment plan indicating the investment required for various projects identified over a period of time will be prepared. Plan for alternative sources of financing the vision and the accompanying strategy and programmes will be developed. This step will involve preparation of an implementation plan with clear milestones for the identified projects to ensure timely implementation and sustainable stakeholder participation.

The detail work plan based on the above approach and methodology is shown in FIGURE 1-2.

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FIGURE 1-2: PROPOSED WORK PLAN WEEKS Proposed Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Reconnaissance survey Kick off meeting and Ist workshop Preliminary city level analysis and strength and weekness Inception Report Existing situation analysis Identification of Opportunites strength , weekness and limitation Status of infrastructure / Economy/ Finance/ Governance Demand and gap analysis City vision Sectoral goal and strategies Evaluation of strategies and priority action City Vision & Goals workshop and report Governance framework and reform action plan Strategy for project implementation City investment plan and financial strategy Preparation of Draft CDP Report Draft CDP & City Level Workshop Obtaining comments and review of draft as per comments Preparation of final report Submission of Final CDP

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2.0 CITY PROFILE

2.1 DISTRICT PROFILE, HARDA 2.1.1 Introduction Spread over an area of 998.41 sqkm Harda district is part of the Narmadapuram Division. It is located between 210 53‟ & 220 36‟ Longitude and between 760 47‟& 770 20‟ Latitude. It has an average elevation of 302 m above mean sea level. It is predominantly a tribal area where the Korku and the Gond tribal groups form two-thirds of the total population

2.1.2 Location and Regional Linkages Harda District is bounded by the districts of to the north, Hoshangabad to the northeast, Betul to the southeast, Khandwa to the south & west, and Dewas to the northwest. Harda lies in the valley, and the Narmada forms the district's northern boundary. makes the southern boundary of the district.

Harda is well connected by road and rail from the state capital, and it is about 168 kms away from it. It is connected by rail with all major cities of the state. All Three Blocks Headquarters namely Harda, Khirkiya and Timarni are well connected by road and rail.

2.1.3 Administrative Divisions Harda is a newly formed district carved out from Hoshangabad District in the year 1998. It is divided into three tehsils namely Harda, Khirkiya and Timarni with three urban centres.

2.1.4 Natural Drainage Harda district is drained by three main rivers namely Narmada, Gunjal & the Machak.

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FIGURE 2-1 LINKAGES AND CONNECTIVITY, HARDA DISTRICT

2.2 TOWN PROFILE (KHIRKIYA)

2.2.1 Location and Connectivity Khirkiya is a class 3 town and is located on the south western part of Madhya Pradesh is Harda district and lies between 22°9‟53‟‟ N latitude and 76°51‟57‟‟ E longitude. Khirkiya is an old town, developed around the Khirkiya Railway station. Khirkiya is located on the Western Central railway‟s broad gauge line connecting – Khandwa - Bhusaval and on along the state highway (SH-15) connecting Harda and Khandwa. Chippawad Nagar Panchayat which is part of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad is developing around the junction of state highway (SH-15) and another Major District Road (MDR). Khirkiya is connected to the district head quarter Harda located in the north east by SH-15. The total area of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad is approximately 9.17 sq. Km and urbanized area is about 2.86 sqkm. The town is currently divided into 15 wards. The base map of Khirkiya showing ward wise details is provided as Figure 2.3

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FIGURE 2-2 LOCATION OF KHIRKIYA

2.2.2 History and Growth of Town Khirkiya came into existence after lying of railway line in late 1850 century. The major reason for people to migrate to Khirkiya was the epidemic in nearby village Golpura and construction of Indira Sagar dam which causes people from effected villages to migrate to different settlements including Khirkiya. Khirkiya Nagar Panchayat was created in the year 1982 and was converted to Nagar Parishad in the year 2010-2011. At present Khirkiya town has 15 wards. Cotton pressing and ginning were the main occupation earlier but not at present as soya bean have replaced cotton as the main cultivated crop in the area. The town has the Gupteshwar temple located at a distance of 10 km from Khirkiya.

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FIGURE 2-3 BASE MAP, KHIRKIYA

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2.2.3 Physiographic and Landform

Topography and Drainage Khirkiya town is located in the south west of Harda District. The general town topography is flat with fertile soil. The whole town is majorly divided into two major settlements, one is along the Khirkiya Railway station and another is known as Chippawad which is along the State Highway 15. The north- eastern and south-western peripheral areas of the town consist of the agricultural lands and flat areas in comparison to the rest of the topography of the town. There are three open storm water drains in the town which are the Chowkdi road drain, Sindwala baba drain and Ward 10 drain. Topography of the town

Open storm water drain Kutcha drain

The town lacks forest areas with the major vegetation mostly along the settlement areas. The Satpura forest range lies toward the Aulia at a distance of 40km from the town. The major vegetation of the town includes species such as mango, neem, peepal and tendu trees.

Climate and Rainfall The climate of Khirkiya is warm. It falls in the drier part of India. The climate can be divided into three distinct seasons, viz. i) Monsoon lasting from mid-June to September. ii) Winter from November to February; and iii) Summer from March to mid-June. The annual mean rainfall is 1124 mm. The monsoon season starts by the middle of June every year and extends up to early October. The days are quite humid. The maximum temperature (42 OC) is recorded in the month of May and minimum temperature (10 OC) is recorded in the month of December.

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Municipal Area and Planning Area Khirkiya became Nagar Panchayat in 02-09-1982 and upgraded to Nagar Parishad in 2011. The total municipal area of Khirkiya Nagar is 9.17 sq. km and is divided into 15 wards. About 68.81% of the area is falling under agricultural land. Total urbanized area of Khirkiya is about 2.86sqkm. The Nagar area includes two major settlements Khirkiya and Chippawad. The municipal map of Khirkiya indicating the ward boundary is shown in Figure 2-4. Currently there is no development plan to indicate the future growth pattern of the town.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 13 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 2-4 WARD MAP OF KHIRKIYA

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3.0 Demographic Profile

Demography and Socio-Economic Base- Harda District As per provision census data for 2011, total population of Harda district is 12, 40,975 with density of 229 person per sqkm. Sex ratio of district has increased in the last decade from 896 to 912. Demographic profile of the district is summarized in Table 3-1

TABLE 3-1: HARDA POPULATION PROFILE Year Population Male Female Sex Ratio Density per sqkm 2001 474,416 247,226 227,190 919 475 2011 570,302 295,208 275,094 932 571 Source: Census 2001 and Census 2011

Literacy rate (Table 3-2) of Harda has decently increased in the last decade from 67.92% to 74% in 2011 however the rate is still low if compared with state literacy rate of 70%. Female literacy rate has increased more than male literacy rate due to (male) migration of skilled labour from the district happening at a fast pace.

TABLE 3-2: HARDA LITERACY PROFILE Literate Male Female Literacy Male Literacy Female Literacy Year Population Literate Literate Rate Rate Rate 2001 257,682 157,472 100,210 54.32% 63.70% 44.11% 2011 361,381 209,819 151,562 63.37% 71.07% 55.09% Source: Census 2001 and Census 2011

Table 3-3 shows the status of number urban population and town wise distribution in Harda district. There are total nine urban centers in the district located in seven different tehsils. Harda (97,424) has the maximum population in district whereas Meharagoan has the least population (4,301).

TABLE 3-3: ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION OF HARDA AND POPULATION SCENARIO (2001 CENSUS) Tehsil Town Class of District Tehsil Town Share of urban Population Population Population Town1 Harda 190,398 Harda 64,497 33.87% II Harda Khirkiya 138,538 Khirkiya 17,487 IV 26.47% Timarni 145,480 Timarni 19,183 IV Total 474,416 101,167 21.32%

Source: Census 2001

1 Class I – Population greater than 100,000 Class II – Population between 50,000 – 99,999 Class III – Population between 20,000 – 49,999 Class IV - Population between 10,000 to 19,999 Class V - Population between 5,000 to 9,999 Class VI - Population less than 5,000

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As per census 2001 population data workforce participation ration of the district is presented in Table 3-4

TABLE 3-4: WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION DISTRIBUTION OF HARDA (CENSUS 2001)

Categories No. of persons % Share Main Working

Cultivators 65770 16.99% Agriculture 48759 12.60% HH Industries 3049 0.79% Other Workers 34501 8.91%

Sub Total Main Workers 152,079 32.06%

Marginal working 61147 12.89% Non working 261190 55.06% Workforce participation distribution in Harda

HH Industries 1% Agriculture 10% Non working 55% Main workers Other 32% Cultivators Workers 14% 7%

Marginal working 13%

The demographic characteristics have been analysed in terms of decadal growth and spatial distribution of population density in the town.

3.1 POPULATION GROWTH TREND AND DENSITY OF TOWN (KHIRKIYA)

The population of Khirkiya has not grown uniformly in the past four decades. As it is evident from Table 3-5, Khirkiya had very high population growth rate in the decade 1981-91which was mainly due the expansion of boundary area in 1982 with the inclusion of neighbouring Chippawad Gram Panchayat and Golpura village.

Population growth rate of Khirkiya has been continuously decreasing in last 3 decades i.e. however the same trend was very much visible with most of the towns in India during this particular period. Due to mergence of different boundaries, population migration, high fertility rate the population growth rate has been on higher side. As per the current conditions growth rates have been stabilize.

TABLE 3-5: POPULATION GROWTH TREND OF KHIRKIYA

Census Population Decadal Decadal

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Year (Total) Change Growth rate 1971 5745 1981 7523 1178 30.9 1991 14946 7423 98.7 2001 17487 2541 17.0 2011 22747 5253 30.0 Source: Nagar Khirkiya, Provisional population 2011

Table 3-6 presents an overview of population density of Khirkiya in the past four decades. Population density (PD) is calculated as population of the city divided by the municipal area of the town and is generally represented in terms of number of person per square km (No/sq. km).

TABLE 3-6: POPULATION DENSITY

Census Population Area (sq.km) PD (Khirkiya) 1971 5745 2.04 2816 1981 7523 2.04 3688 1991 14946 9.38 1593 2001 17487 9.38 1864 2011 22747 9.38 2425 Source: Nagar Khirkiya, Provisional population 2011

3.2 WARD-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

Table 3-7 provides ward wise population distribution along with number of families and household size of Khirkiya.

TABLE 3-7: WARD WISE POPULATION AND HOUSEHOLD DETAILS Population No of Families Ward No. Ward Name Avg. Household size 2001 2011 Current 1 Gomukh 1303 1642 333 4.9 2 Kheripura 1090 1150 209 5.5 3 Gurunanak 1259 1888 363 5.2 4 Mahatma Gandhi 937 849 162 5.2 5 Sanjay Gandhi 1267 1337 255 5.2 6 Subash 1238 1867 395 4.7 7 Nehru 1159 1071 198 5.4 8 Shivaji 1259 1743 384 4.5 9 Dana Baba 1255 1244 251 5.0 10 Rajiv Gandhi 1538 2204 431 5.1 11 Indira Gandhi 975 1482 277 5.3 12 Shastri 1252 2164 409 5.3 13 Bajrang Bali 817 1161 196 5.9 14 Bharti baba 965 1489 271 5.5 15 Dr. Ambedkar 1173 1456 293 5.0 Total 17487 22747 4427 5.1 Source: Analysis of the data provided by Khirkiya Nagar Parishad

Above table indicates that the average households size is 5.1, which is close to the national average of 5.3 and state average of 5.0 (2001 census).

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FIGURE 3-1 WARD-WISE POPULATION DENSITY MAP, KHIRKIYA

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3.3 POPULATION PROJECTION

For the last four decades, the decadal growth rate of population has not been uniform increasing from 30% (1971-81) to 98% (1981-91) then decreasing to 17% (1991-2001) and again increasing to 30% (2001-11). Based on the population growth trend of Khirkiya, an analysis has been carried out to project future population of Khirkiya using various methods which includes arithmetic increase method, incremental increase method and geometric progression method. Result of this analysis is presented in Table 3-8.

TABLE 3-8: POPULATION PROJECTIONS

Population projections Method 2011 2017 2027 2037 Arithmetic increase method 25297 29548 33798 Geometrical progression method 22747 27277 36920 49971 Incremental increase method 24416 28107 32959 Source: SENES Analysis

Population projection numbers from different methods were compared with the actual population number (provisional) of census 2011. It revealed that the estimation by arithmetic increase method is nearest to the actual population. Hence, for all purposes in this report, arithmetic increase method has been considered for the estimation of future population‟s projection. The population projections for the design years (2017, 2027 and 2037) based on the arithmetic increase method are provided in Table 3-9 and graphically represented in Figure 3-2.

FIGURE 3-2: POPULATION PROJECTION FOR KHIRKIYA

33798, 2037 29548, 2027

25297, 2017

Source: SENES Analysis

TABLE 3-9: POPULATION PROJECTION

Year Arithmetic Geometrical Incremental 1971 5745 5745 5745

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1981 7523 7523 7523 1991 14946 14946 14946 2001 17487 17487 17487 2011 22747 22747 22747 2012 23172 23446 23006 2017 25297 27277 24416 2027 29548 36920 28107 2037 33798 49971 32959 Source: SENES Analysis

TABLE 3-10: POPULATION PROJECTION FOR THE DESIGN YEARS

Design Year 2012 2017 2027 2037 Population 23172 25297 29548 33798 Source: SENES Analysis

3.4 ISSUES

 Khirkiya town has witnessed a sudden growth during the period of 1981 to 1991. The population has increased thrice during 1981-91 and in the next decade (1991-2001) it decreased to 17% and stabilised to 30% in the decade 2001-11. The main reason for increase in population in the decade 1981-91 was due to the inclusion of Chippawad Gram Panchayat region with Khirkiya Gram Panchayat to form Khirkiya Nagar Panchayat.  The rate of growth in town is also affected by the migration of educated and skilled workforce of the town primarily consisting of younger population to cities for better employment opportunities.  Lack in rate of development in various sectors in the area is also observed.

3.5 SOCIO – ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE TOWN

TABLE 3-11 SOCIO- PROFILE SUMMARY SOCIO PROFILE INDICATORS 2001 2011 MP State 2011 Sex ratio 899 936 938 Literacy rate 67.1 75.06 70.6 Average household size 5.53 5.02 5.0 (2007) BPL population 7094 (31.2%) Source: 2001, 2011 Census of India

3.5.1 Literacy Rate & Gender Ratio

Table 3-12 indicates that literacy rate in Khirkiya is approximately 75.6%, which is lower than the urban literacy rate of Madhya Pradesh (80%) and national average urban literacy rate of 80.3%. Literate population in the town consists of 81.5% male and 68.6% female. This is in line with the

July 2013 SENES Consultants India City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh 20 general female literacy trend of the state and nation, where low importance is attributed to female education.

100% literate population at all administrative levels will help in improving the living standards of people, making them aware about their rights, increase in employment opportunities in all sectors and also improve the health of society. Sex ratio for Khirkiya in 2001 was only 899, which improved significantly to 936 by 2011. this is lower than the national average (940) and state gender ratio of Madhya Pradesh state average 938 females over 1000 males

This shows that programs like “Beti Bachao Abhiyaan” have significantly caused awareness among society. The state gender ratio has increased to 938 females over 1000 males. There is a great need to balance gender ratio at national as well state and district level to 1000 female over 1000 males. The lower gender ratio is nation‟s loss which results unavailability of females for marriage, increase in crime rate against females, lower workforce in future and ultimately loss to nation‟s progress.

TABLE 3-12: LITERACY RATE AND SEX RATIO

Name Total Male Female Population 22747 11760 10987 Literacy Literates 17127 11760 10987 Literacy rate 75.6% 79.30% 67.00% Literacy rate MP 70.6 80.5% 60.0 National literacy rate 80.30 86.70 73.20 Gender Ratio Sex-ratio Khirkiya 936 Sex-ratio MP State 938 National sex ratio 940 Source: Census of India, 2001, Provisional Population 2011

Table 3-13 provides ward wise detail of literacy rate and sex ratio of Khirkiya

TABLE 3-13: WARD WISE DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS

Ward Total Number of Population Literacy Rate Sex Ratio Number Households 2011 Ward 1 333 1642 66.4 918 Ward 2 209 1150 75.2 904 Ward 3 363 1888 74.5 944 Ward 4 162 849 84.8 1036 Ward 5 255 1337 69.6 862 Ward 6 395 1867 82.5 963 Ward 7 198 1071 79.7 902 Ward 8 384 1743 83.7 981 Ward 9 251 1244 87.1 968 Ward 10 431 2204 73.4 874 Ward 11 277 1482 71.3 973 Ward 12 409 2164 78.7 982 Ward 13 196 1161 79.9 897 Ward 14 271 1489 63.5 996 Ward 15 293 1456 64.2 841

July 2013 SENES Consultants India City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh 21

Ward Total Number of Population Literacy Rate Sex Ratio Number Households 2011 Total 4427 22747 75.6% (Average) 936 (Average) Source: Provisional Population 2011

Above table indicates that the literacy rates of wards 1, 3, 5, 10, 11, 14, 15 are below the average literacy rate of the town. Three wards 1, 14 and 15 have very low literacy rate of 66.4, 63.5 and 64.2 along with wards 3, 5, 10, 11 with relatively more of 74.5%, 69.6%, 73.4%, and 71.3%.

3.5.2 Work participation Details Work participation rate is defined as the percentage of total workers (main and marginal) to total population. Work participation rate for Khirkiya is 31.4% which is less than the average work participation rate of the state (42.7%) and almost same as the national average of 31.6%.

The non-worker population of the town is approximately 68.6% indicating that a significant proportion of population remains unemployed for a substantial part of the year. The distribution of workers of the town in primary, secondary and tertiary sectors is shown in Table 3-14. .

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 22 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

TABLE 3-14: WORKFORCE DETAILS FOR KHIRKIYA Total Workers Cultivation Agriculture Labourers H/H industries Tertiary Sector/ others Wards Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Ward 1 415 323 92 36 36 0 47 46 1 3 3 0 196 183 13 Ward 2 346 292 54 37 37 0 33 29 4 9 8 1 192 184 8 Ward 3 354 291 63 25 23 2 11 10 1 3 3 0 253 227 26 Ward 4 264 236 28 31 30 1 1 0 1 5 5 0 204 187 17 Ward 5 414 321 93 20 20 0 31 13 18 19 13 6 257 247 10 Ward 6 296 265 31 39 37 2 41 36 5 2 1 1 204 186 18 Ward 7 311 268 43 14 13 1 12 11 1 7 7 0 252 227 25 Ward 8 341 278 63 10 10 0 5 5 0 5 4 1 273 240 33 Ward 9 353 312 41 36 28 8 7 5 2 2 2 0 259 241 18 Ward 10 439 380 59 12 12 0 15 14 1 16 10 6 291 281 10 Ward 11 405 242 163 108 66 42 153 78 75 48 30 18 66 61 5 Ward 12 385 283 102 163 106 57 47 28 19 8 5 3 149 132 17 Ward 13 325 217 108 58 56 2 164 67 97 0 0 0 103 94 9 Ward 14 403 274 129 256 153 103 38 27 11 0 0 0 85 80 5 Ward 15 445 314 131 50 33 17 115 66 49 2 1 1 131 122 9 Total 5496 4296 1200 895 660 235 720 435 285 129 92 37 2915 2692 223 Source: Census 2001

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 23 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Above table indicates that 15.44% of the workforce is engaged in secondary sector comprising of agricultural and household labours and 16.28% of the workforce is engaged in primary sector or cultivation. A large percentage of workforces (53.03%) part of the town is involved in tertiary sector and self-employed including casual workers, government servants, private sector employees, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, trade, commerce, business, and transportation.

3.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASE

The key economic driver of the town is agriculture. The town has considerable area under agriculture and many small agro based industries are also flourishing in the region. There are few places with tourism potential in the town. Following section discusses about the commercial activity, industrial activity and tourism potential of the town.

3.6.1 Commercial Activity There is a small market in Khirkiya Nagar Parishad area for purchase of daily needs. In addition to the regular market, a weekly market or haat is organised every week. The weekly haat for Khirkiya is on Tuesday and traders from villages such as Chawara, Mandala, Chowkri, Budhawa and other surrounding area come to the town to sell their goods. The farmers from the surrounding area also come to the weekly haat to sell their produce.

Weekly haat at Khirkiya For selling agricultural produce in the town there is provision for large agriculture produce mandi. Distributors and producers directly can trade at this mandi which is located in Ward no. 10 of the town.

3.6.2 Industrial Activity Agro based industries are major industry in Khirkiya. There are two cotton mills in the town located in ward No.1 and No.2. The mills provide employment to around 40 to 45 Agricultural Mandi people.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 24 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

The region has considerable industrial potential for agro based small scale industries such as sugar and cloth mill.

3.6.3 Tourism Potential The town within its municipal boundary does not have any significant tourism potential. Most of the tourist centres around the town are religious places have only local tourist.

There are two sites, both are about 13 kms Cotton mill in town from Khirkiya town which has great potential to develop as tourist destination, one in west and another in north of Khirkiya. Both sites are along the Indira Sagar dam and can be developed as water tourism spot. Another location named got submerged due to construction of Indira Sagar dam can also be promoted as tourist destination. Presence of Indira Sagar reservoir close by provides the opportunity to develop fishing activities. It also has a potential to be developed as a tourist destination which can generate economic gains for the regions around including benefits for Khirkiya Nagar Parishad

The part submerged lake in Harsud Potent tourist and fishing site

The other potential place for tourism is the Gupteshwar temple, which is situated 10 km from the town. Tourism infrastructure like hotels, resorts, etc can be developed around Khirkiya as for teh above mentioned site Khirkiya is the only town available in vicinity.

3.7 ISSUES

 Literacy rate in Khirkiya is lower than MP state as a whole and female illiterates need more efforts to eradicate illiteracy. Failure in addressing this issue can prove all attempts towards harnessing the full potential of Khirkiya futile.  A high percentage of the population of Khirkiya are non-workers and this can be more productively utilized towards the growth of the town by creating job opportunities.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 25 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

 About 60% of the total employment in Khirkiya is in the tertiary sector. To achieve a sustainable growth rate, a more diversified economic base is of utmost importance and new agro based industries can be developed in the region.  The region has considerable industrial potential for agro based small scale industries such as silk, cotton textile and sugar industry  The town has limited tourism potential and cannot be identified as major contributor to the economy of the town.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 26 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

4.0 Physical Planning and Growth Management

4.1 SPATIAL GROWTH TRENDS

Khirkiya town has grown spatially with the formation of Khirkiya Nagar Panchayat with the inclusion of Chippawad Gram Panchayat in the year 1982. The Gram Panchayat Khirkiya remained an independent entity till year 1981. Area of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad was increased from 2.04 sq. km to 9.38 sq. km in 1982. Finally Khirkiya Nagar Panchayat was made Nagar Parishad in the year 2010- 2011.

Khirkiya has developed in several phases; initially it emerged as railway station in 1850.people from nearby villages started migrated towards Khirkiya and get settled around railway station. A small settlement named Chippawad was already settled long before on the SH 15. Major migration towards these settlements has happened because of two main events. 1. Epidemic in Golpura village 2. Construction of Indira sagar dam in 1992 to 2005.

Chippawad which is just 2 km from Khirkiya railway station and located on SH 15 also kept on developing along Khirkiya. In 1982 when Khirkiya became Nagar Panchayat from gram Panchayat, Chippawad was included n its jurisdiction.

4.2 FUTURE GROWTH PATTERN

As per present condition of infrastructure and development trend, there us great possibility that the town will grow along the SH 15 and mostly toward east of SH 15 as that leads to district headquarter Harda. Another area which will definitely develop in future is the area between Chippawad and Khirkiya i.e. in ward 10, 11 and part of ward 12. Railway line in Khirkiya will hinder the growth of town in north of railway line as there is only one railway crossing and frequency of train is also high which led to heavy traffic congestion and jam.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 27 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 4-1 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PATTERN, KHIRKIYA

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 28 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

4.3 LAND-USE ANALYSIS2

Land use assessment of the town has been done based on primary field survey along with the interpretation of data obtained from Google satellite image, since no ready data was available for Khirkiya indicating the land use distribution. The land use analysis have been carried out for all the major land use categories i.e. residential, commercial, industrial, recreational, public-semipublic, agricultural field, forest and water bodies. Table 4-1 section provides the landuse allocation details for Khirkiya.

TABLE 4-1: LAND USE DETAILS KHIRKIYA PARISHAD AREA

Landuse Categories Area in Sqkm % Residential 1.45 50.53% Commercial 0.23 7.89% Industrial 0.07 2.61% Public and Semi public Education and health institution 0.10 3.35% State and Administrative institutions 0.10 3.54% Social and religious institution 0.00 0.10% Recreational 0.66 22.97% Transportation 0.16 5.45% Utilities 0.05 1.77% Water bodies 0.05 1.79% Total urbanized area 2.86 1.00 Source: SENES Analysis

2 Land use map for Khirkiya has been prepared with the help of revenue maps overlaid on Google imagery. However each of the streets, roads, large buildings and institutions have been verified on actual ground by the consultant with the help of nagar parishad staff members and ward representatives. No land use or similar map/drawing was available with Khirkiya Nagar Parishad.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India PROCESS OF LAND USE MAP PREPARATION: 29 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh Overlaying of Verification of Land use Revenue Map Revenue Map Revenue Map on Maps through demarcations on Collection Joining

Google Imagery Visual Survey the map

Google Imagery Google

Joined Revenue Maps Revenue Joined

Overlaid Revenue Map on Revenue Map Overlaid Fragmented Revenue Maps Revenue Fragmented

Map UseLand Final

Survey with ULB Officials ULB with Survey July 2013 SENES Consultants India Verification of Maps through Visual Visual through Mapsof Verification 30 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 4-2 LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION (URBANIZED AREA)

Total municipal area of Khirkiya is 9.17 Sqkm which includes both Chippawad and Khirkiya. As per landuse details, total urbanized area of Khirkiya is about 2.86 sqkm. The detail Landuse pattern for each town is discussed in the following section

4.3.1 Residential The total area under residential use in Khirkiya is 1.45 sq km which is about 50.53 % of total urbanized area of town. Ward no 4, 5 and 13 has maximum residential density, as these wards are located in the core of settlements. Other wards have mixed Landuse along with residential and includes activities like government, education, health, etc.

4.3.2 Commercial Major commercial areas of Khirkiya are along the main roads joining SH 15 to Khirkiya railway station. Areas of commercial significance like Grain market is located in ward no 10; Total commercial area of town is 0.23sq km, which 7.89% of total municipal area.

4.3.3 Industrial There are two cotton industries in the north of town. One is located in ward 1 and another is in ward 2. The total area under the industrial use is only 0.07sqkm, contributing 2.61% to urbanized area.

4.3.4 Public and semi-public This category has been further divided in three sub categories:

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 31 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Educational and health institutions Khirkiya has several schools in its precinct. Girl‟s secondary school and Excellence secondary school is located in ward 11 near Grain market. Vishnu Rajoria Kala Vanijya College is located near the panchayat office in ward 6

The town has one community health center and one veterinary dispensary in ward 6. Total area under educartional and health institutions are about 0.10 sqkm, which is 3.35 % of urbanized area.

State administrative institution khirkiya town is a Tehsil headquarter, which has lead to set up of several government institutions in the town. Main state level administrative institutions within the town include:

. Tehsil office is located in ward no 1. . Khirkiya Nagar Parishad is located in ward no 6 on north of railway line. . Police station is located in Chippawad. . Forest depot and office is located in the periphery of town in ward 6. State and local administrative institution have covered 0.10 sqkm

Social and cultural institutions Khirkiya town has lots of buildings of religious significance. Major religious institutions are located in north part of town i.e. ward no 5 and 2. The total area of these institutions is insignificant in comparison to the municipal area.

4.3.5 Utilities In this category, Khirkiya have electricity substation, cremation and burial ground, water supply department and solid waste dumping site. Electricity substation is located in ward no 10 near old godown; cremation ground in Khirkiya is located in north-east of town near BSNL office; whereas burial ground is located in west, near girl‟s secondary school. Solid waste dumping site is also located opposite near the BSNL office. The total area covered under utilities is approximately 0.05 sqkm.

4.3.6 Recreational (open space) Khirkiya has 0.66 sqkm of open space around settlement areas which can be developed as recreational spaces. These spaces collectively constituted about 22.97% of total urbanized area.

4.3.7 Transportation Old bus stand in Khirkiya is located in ward no 6 near CHC. The total length of road in Khirkiya is approximately 20.4 km. Khirkiya railway station is located in north of Khirkiya Total area under transportation in Khirkiya is 0.16 sqkm which is 5.45% of the total area.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 32 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

4.3.8 Water bodies There is only one water bodies in and around Khirkiya town. Chippawad Talab is the prominent water bodies. Total area under water bodies is 0.05 sqkm which is 1.79% of the total municipal area.

4.3.9 Agriculture Khirkiya is surrounded by agricultural field having an area of 6.31 sq km, which is 68.82% of the total municipal area.

TABLE 4-2 BROAD LANDUSE OF KHIRKIYA Landuse category Area in Sqkm % Urbanized area 2.86 30.48% Agricultural land 6.31 68.81% Total Municipal area 9.17

FIGURE 4-3 BROAD LANDUSE OF MUNICIPAL AREA, KHIRKIYA

The landuse map for Khirkiya town prepared by SENES based on the field survey and analysis of satellite imagery is shown in Figure 4-2.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh 33

FIGURE 4-4 EXISTING LAND USE MAP KHIRKIYA NAGAR PARISHAD

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 34 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

5.0 CITY INFRASTRUCTURE

This chapter provides current status of various municipal infrastructures of the town and services provided by the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad. Sectors/ services identified for the analysis include: water supply, sewerage & sanitation, solid waste management, drainage, traffic & transportation, street lighting & fire fighting, urban poor and their accessibility to basic services, social infrastructure, environment, heritage & conservation and existing institutional framework for development. Sector- wise analysis is presented in subsequent sub-sections. Demand-supply gap analysis for various sectors has been done for short, medium and long term period, i.e. for the year 2017, 2027 and 2037. Population projections for these timelines are 25,297 (year 2017), 29,548 (year 2027) and 33,798 (year 2037).

5.1 WATER SUPPLY

Water supply facility at Khirkiya is provided by the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad which undertakes sourcing, establishing networks, maintenance and collection of user charges.

5.1.1 Existing Status

Source and Supply Levels Khirkiya Nagar Parishad is responsible for supply of water within the town and the main source of water is groundwater extracted by tube wells. Currently there are total 16 tube wells and 2 sump wells within the municipal area. There is no perennial surface water source in the immediate vicinity of the town. There is a proposal for sourcing raw water from Machak River the tributary of Narmada River. The river flows from the east of town and about 10 km from Khirkiya. There is only one pond in Khirkiya, which is known as Chippawad talab located in south east of Chippawad. On an average 50 lpcd of water is supplied by Khirkiya municipal Parishad but considering 20% T& D losses, the final output is near 40 lpcd, which is very less when compared with desired level of 135 lpcd.

Overhead tank for water supply Dug well for storage of water

There is no water treatment plant in Khirkiya as ground water quality is good for drinking purpose. In Khirkiya power cut has major impact over water supply. Water is generally supplied in morning hours from 6:30 am to 9:30 am. The regular power cut from 8:00 am onwards effects the water supply at greater extent.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 35 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Transmission and Distribution The major source of water in Khirkiya is groundwater extracted through hand pumps and bore wells as discussed below. Water is supplied daily for half an hour. Around 3,179 households in Khirkiya have access to water within 200 m from their dwelling.  Total hand pumps - 61  Total bore wells - 12  Sump well pump - 2 The town has six overhead water tanks with combined capacity of 8.35 lakh litres and five water tankers having a total capacity of 26,000 litres. Location and capacity of the overhead tanks is provided below. All wards in town have water supply through OHTs, but peripheral areas of wards 2, 3, 5, 10 and 14 have direct supply from tube wells. 1. Mangalwara bazaar - 2.25 lakh litre 2. Rest house - 2.80 lakh litre 3. Thana ground - 1.23 lakh litre 4. Jhanda chowk - 0.45 lakh litre 5. Charuva road - 0.12 lakh litre 6. Chippawad kheda - 1.50 lakh litre Water Tankers 1. Truck Tanker - 12000 litre 2. 2 Tankers - 3000 litre 3. 2 Tankers - 4000 litre

The total distribution network in Khirkiya Nagar is about 14.28 km (based on Computer aided design (CAD) drawing, guided by Khirkiya Nagar Parishad) in length and constituted of 6” cast iron pipe, 4 and 6” ACP pipes and 6, 4 and 3” PVC pipe lines. The existing infrastructure for water supply is shown in Figure 5-1

Customer Connections The total number of unmetered domestic water connections is 1,935 and there are no commercial connections. Apart from these there are 140 free public stand post and 62 hand pumps.

Currently the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad charges Rs. 30 per month from the individual household connections. At the time of providing connections, every applicant is required to pay a onetime fee of Rs. 2100 as connection charges.

Table 5-1 provides a summary of service level indicators of existing “Water Supply” service provided by the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad.

TABLE 5-1: WATER SUPPLY - SERVICE LEVEL INDICATORS

Water Supply Indicators Value Unit a Gross Daily Per Capita Supply-Year 2011 40 (T & D losses) lpcd b % Roads Covered with Distribution Network 64.11 % Source: SENES Analysis

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 36 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

To meet the demand of drinking water in future, a water scheme has been prepared in which the required water will be taken from Machak River, flowing in east of town at about 10km distance. The scheme was sanctioned on 15.06.2006 by Chief engineer, UADD. The total expected for this project is about 454 lakhs.

For water augmentation, another scheme under UIDSSMT has been sent to project director, Madhya Pradesh development authority. The total cost of this project is estimated to 792 lakh.

5.1.2 Present and Future Demand Supply Gaps Table 5-2 summarizes the current status and demand-supply gap analysis for water supply service provided by the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad. The table also provides a snapshot of comparative analysis of existing level of service with the desired level of service as per the Urban Development Plans Formulation & Implementation (UDPFI) guidelines.

TABLE 5-2: WATER SUPPLY: DEMAND-SUPPLY GAP ANALYSIS

Existing and Desired Service Gap by Year Service Gap by Year Level 2017 2037 Water Supply Indicator Unit Existing Desired Existing Demand Estimate Demand Unit Gap 2017 Gap 2037 Level Level 2012 2017 2037 2037 Daily per Source 1 capita 40 Litres 135 0.93 3.42 2.49 3.99 4.56 0.57 MLD Augmentation Supply % Treatment 2 treatment 0 % 100 - 3.42 3.42 3.99 4.56 0.57 ML capacity capacity I.D as % Distribution 3 of road 65.63 % 85 14.28 21.50 7.22 25.12 28.73 3.61 Km. Network length Elevated 4 90.09 % 33 0.84 1.13 0.29 1.13 1.50 0.38 ML storage 5 Metering - 3,946 3,946 4,787 5,746 959 No.

Public stand 6 40 No. 100 140.00 56 140 51 No. post Source: SENES Analysis

Above table shows that the current level of service, 40 lpcd is far less than the desired level of service required (135 lpcd) as per UDPFI guidelines and the service gap is very high. By the end of year 2037, Khirkiya town will require at least 4.56 MLD of water to cover the gaps for 2037.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh 37

FIGURE 5-1 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY MAP FOR KHIRKIYA

July 2013 SENES Consultants India City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh 38

FIGURE 5-2 SOURCE BASED WATER SUPPLY COVERAGE

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 39 39 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

5.1.3 Issues  There are no surface water sources for water supply.  Khirkiya has 15 wards and a population of 22,747 as provisional population of census year 2011. Given the municipal norms of 135 lpcd under UDPFI, as against the current supply of 40 lpcd a gap of 3.21 MLD would be created in the coming 25 years with the population projection to 33,798 by the year 2037.  Metering of water connections completely absent.  There is 5-10% loss of water during transmission due to faulty connections with water supply source or lack of proper maintenance.  From sustainability perspective, shifting to surface water sources is required.

5.1.4 SWOT Analysis A swot analysis of the water supply system for Khirkiya is presented in the following table:

Strengths Opportunities  Water sources for supply augmentation are  Metered connections could be a major available nearby. source of revenue for Khirkiya Nagar  90% of water is supplied via OHT. Parishad  Improvement in the level of service by augmenting daily supply of water and storage capacity.  Surface water source from river Machak can be a sustainable development of water source Weaknesses Threats  Lower level of supply as compared to  Huge wastage of water in terms of supply CPHEEO norms. and transmission could be economic loss to  Water yield is getting wasted on supply and the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad. transmission - non accounted for water due  Dependence on tube-wells for water supply to leaking or unmaintained pipe. threatens the city‟s water security.  Unmetered water connections  Water supply time is just 30 min twice a day

5.2 SEWERAGE SYSTEM

5.2.1 Existing Status Khirkiya town do not have a comprehensive sewerage system for a safe disposal of sewage generated in the town. For all kind of waste water disposal two type disposal systems are in use in town. Soak pit /pit based toilet for soil waste and open drain system for kitchen, bath and storm water disposal. Soak pits/pit based toilets are installed at personal level and municipal level, which are maintained by vacuum emptier vehicle. In some areas sewage generated directly flows through open drains and finally gets drained into larger natural drain.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 40 40 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

The town doesn‟t have any septage management technology, at the time of overflowing and cleaning of pit based toilet vacuum emptier is called off from nearby areas at the rate of Rs 4000 per pit. Septage management techniques have been discussed in proposals (chapter – 9)

5.2.2 Present and Future Demand and Supply Gaps

Table 5-3 summarizes the current status and demand-supply gap analysis for sewerage service provided by the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad.

TABLE 5-3: SEWERAGE: DEMAND-SUPPLY GAP ANALYSIS

Existing and Service Gap by Service Gap by Desired Level Year 2017 Year 2037 Sewerage Indicator Unit Existing Desired Existing Demand Gap Estimate Demand Gap Unit Level Level 2012 2017 2017 2037 2037 2037 1 Under Ground Exists/ Absent Drainage i Population % Population 25,29 33,79 4,25 Pers 0 % 100 - 25,297 29,548 coverage covered by UGD 7 8 0 ons ii UGD network % Sewer to road 22.7 0 % 90 - 22.77 26.59 30.42 3.83 km. length 7 ii Treatment % treatment capacity 0 % 100 - 3.19 3.65 0.46 ML i capacity Source: SENES Analysis

Above table indicates that Khirkiya town would require a sewerage system to cater to 100% of its population (as per UDPFI guidelines) by the end of year 2037. According to the norms mentioned under the UDPFI, the sewerage system would need to cover 90% of the road length till the year 2037. However, considering the high density and narrow streets areas may not accessible to the sewerage network and shall be maintained by community septic tank or Decentralized Water Treatment System (DEWATS).

Existing Septage Management System:

At present there are approx 1100-1200 septic tanks in Khrikiya town. Cleaning of these tanks is done when the tanks overflow their capacity. Mud pump is available with Khirkiya Municipal Corporation for the last four years. Charges for one time cleaning of septic tanks are Rs. 1000. Annually 100 cases are registered for septic tank cleaning.

5.2.3 Issues  Sewage and storm water flow in open kutcha drains with extensions of pucca drains in patches.  Lack of sewerage system in the town – At present there are no community septic tanks, this portrays the lack of sewerage infrastructure in the town. The desired level of sewerage system under UDPFI guidelines is 90%.  No sewerage treatment plant for safely disposal of sewage.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 41 41 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Since the town does not have any sewerage system, SWOT analysis for the sewerage has not been included in the report. The present situation at Khirkiya town offers great opportunity to develop an integrated sewerage system composed of community septic tanks, underground sewerage pipelines and sewage treatment plant.

5.3 SANITATION SYSTEM

Sanitation system/ household toilets exist in the houses in some areas of Khirkiya whereas sanitation system in other wards of town is in dismal position. Households in Khirkiya have individual toilets and pay and use toilets.

5.3.1 Existing Status There are two pay and use public conveniences in the town. Both of these are having 10 seats each. There are no free public convenience facilities catering to the BPL population of the town. At present, there is zero coverage of slum population per seat of public convenience in Khirkiya and not in conformance with CPHEEO norms which specify one seat per 60 people.

Sanitary condition of town at domestic level: In Khirkiya about 51.02%of total households have bathroom facility and about 56.18% of Public Convenience households have installed latrines at their personal level. 43.82% of total household doesn‟t have latrine facility. An integrated sewerage system with DEWATs at local level will help people to construct low cost latrines and also prevent soil contamination due to pit latrines and open defecation.

TABLE 5-4 DETAIL ABOUT LATRINES AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, KHIRKIYA

Town Total HHs % share Pit Water Other % share No % share name Households having of HHs latrine closet latrine of HHs latrine of HHs bathroom having having not facility bathroom laterine having laterine Khirkiya 3,140 1,602 51.02% 701 777 286 56.18% 1,376 43.82% Source: 2001 census data

5.3.2 Present and Future Demand and Supply Gaps Table 5-5 summarizes the current status and demand-supply gap analysis for sanitation services provided by the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad.

TABLE 5-5: SANITATION: DEMAND-SUPPLY GAP ANALYSIS

Existing and Desired Service Gap by Year Service Gap by Year Level 2017 2037 Sanitation Indicator Unit

Existing Desired Existing Demand Estimate Demand Unit Gap 2017 Gap 2037 Level Level 2012 2017 2037 2037

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 42 42 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Public BPL Popu. per 1 Convenience Seat of Pub. 0 No. 60 0 93 93 94 84 Seat Seats Convenience Source: SENES Analysis

Above table indicates that the existing level of service is non-existent in comparison to the desired level and the town needs additional 93 public toilets (seats) by the year 2017.

5.3.3 Issues  Given the proportion of slum population, there is a need for providing additional public conveniences and on their upkeep and maintenance.  At present only paid public conveniences are developed, no free public conveniences for slum BPL population.

5.3.4 SWOT Analysis A SWOT analysis for sanitation services is as follows:

Strengths Opportunities  Increased awareness among the  Provision of better services to slum and floating stakeholders for the improvement of population by improving the sanitation facilities of sanitation facilities. the town.  People can opt for pay and use toilets  PPP mode can be utilized for the improvement of sanitation facilities of the town. Weaknesses Threats  Coverage of slum population per seat  Improper usage of public conveniences would leave of public convenience is around zero these facilities unusable and would require more against the UDPFI norm of one seat maintenance. per 60 people.  Lack of maintenance and absence of timely cleaning of free public conveniences renders them unusable for significant period.

5.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

5.4.1 Existing Status Khirkiya Nagar is responsible for street sweeping, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of municipal solid wastes generated in the town. Approximately 5.79 tonnes of solid waste is collected daily with 3 tractors and trolleys, 20 pushcarts and 10 tricycles. There are 24 containers bins and one container carrier but most of them are not being emptied. The containers are also in a dilapidating state. Waste is normally dumped wherever an open land is found. The existent open dump sites are located in ward No.1 and ward No. 5 (Refer Error! Reference source not found.).

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 43 43 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Currently there door-to-door collection facility is available only in market area i.e. main Khirkiya Road. Waste from secondary collection point is collected via tractors and trolleys to local dumping site located near the BSNL office. Total man force involved in managing the solid waste includes 55 sweepers and 1 sanitary inspector. Out of 55 workers 11 are regular and rest are temporary.

Existing solid waste disposal point within the Considering the fact that quantum of waste Town generated in the town is not very high, Khirkiya Nagar Parishad can also look at the option of developing vermi-composting plant along with local landfill site. This will provide an efficient way to dispose waste and farmers can also get organic fertilizers from composting plant. Another option is to develop a transfer station within the town and becoming part of a regional landfill site along with other major local bodies in the region. To develop the regional landfill site, state intervention is required and will also take some time. Hence for cost estimation, this Bins placed by Nagar Parishad option is not considered in this report. However, we acknowledge the fact that a regional landfill site for the region will provide solution for long term sustainability of the region. Table 5-6 provides details of service level indicators of Solid Waste Management (SWM) for Khirkiya town.

TABLE 5-6: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT - SERVICE LEVEL INDICATORS

Indicators Units Value Waste generated per capita (2011) Grams 250 % Waste collected as per ULB‟s estimate % 60 % Waste collected as per available capacity % 100.0 No. of trips per vehicle/day Nos. 2 Mode of disposal Open Dumping Source: Khirkiya Nagar Parishad

5.4.2 Present and Future Demand and Supply Gaps Table 5-7 summarizes the current status and demand-supply gap analysis for solid waste management service provided by the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad.

TABLE 5-7: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT - DEMAND - SUPPLY GAP ANALYSIS

Existing and Desired Service Gap by Year Service Gap by Year 2037 Sanitation Indicator Level 2017 Unit Existing Desired Exist Demand Estimate Demand Unit Gap 2017 Gap 2037 Level Level 2012 2017 2037 2037 1 Waste Waste Generated Generated Gram 250 250 5.79 6.32 0.53 7.39 8.45 1.06 Tonne per capita s

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 44 44 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Existing and Desired Service Gap by Year Service Gap by Year 2037 Sanitation Indicator Level 2017 Unit Existing Desired Exist Demand Estimate Demand Unit Gap 2017 Gap 2037 Level Level 2012 2017 2037 2037 2 Collection 60.0 % 100 3.48 6.32 2.85 7.39 8.45 1.06

3 Primary Collection Hand Carts % of HHs (200 kg per covered % 67 40 20 13 15 17 2 Nos. day per HHs handcart) Tricycle (400 kg per day per 33 60 10 9 22 25 3 vehicle) Community Bins (DP container 1.5 24 8 10 11 1 Nos. ton capacity, 100% extra capacity) 4 Vehicle requirement No. of Trips No. of a Trips per 2.00 Nos. 3.00 2.00 Vehicle/ day b Vehivle Carrying 103. 103.6 % Tonne Capacity 6.00 8.22 - 6 9.60 10.98 1.38 130 5 Vehicle type Tractor –

Trolley No. 3 - - (existing) Dumper placer ( 3

ton No. 1 1.0 - 2 2 capacity- proposed) Transfer Tonne 6 Station 6.32 6.32 7.39 8.45 1.06 / Day Land Fill Infrastructu Tonne 7 re (as per % 4.24 4.24 4.95 5.66 0.71 / Day CPHEEO Standards) 30 Vermi Tonne 8 Compostin % 2.09 2.09 2.44 2.79 0.35 / Day g Plant 70 Source: SENES Analysis

5.4.3 Issues  Absence of segregation at source and door-to-door collection system in the town.  Waste collection and transportation system in accordance with the guidelines mentioned in Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 2000 need to be established.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 45 45 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

 Absence of waste processing and scientific disposal facility in the town.  Lack of adequate staff and advanced infrastructure for waste collection.

5.4.4 SWOT Analysis Strengths Opportunities  Basic infrastructure like bins for collection  Existing infrastructure can be utilized in exists in the town an effective manner.  Sanitary workers are available  Door to door collection has started in few wards Weaknesses Threats  Lack of primary collection  Health hazards for the people due to  Lack of necessary safety measures for the insufficient collection and open burning. workers.  Lack of safety procedures while handling  Several places in the town are not provided the waste is a potential health hazard for with collection bins leaving no options with the workers. residents to dispose domestic waste in the open.  No site for waste processing and disposal have been identified & notified by the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 46 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 5-3 EXISTING SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL POINTS

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 47 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

5.5 DRAINAGE

5.5.1 Existing Status The storm water drainage system at Khirkiya consists of natural drains and tertiary drains. The tertiary drains are the roadside drains either pucca or kutcha. The network of tertiary drains in the town covers a length of around 24 km, out of which 20 km is pucca and about 4 km is kutcha drain comprising of the natural drains. Underground drainage system is absent.

Tertiary drain coverage: (based on 2001 census data) In town, out of 3140 total households about 37.87% are connected via drainage system. Open drainage system is having maximum coverage of about 71.2% of total connected households.

TABLE 5-8 DRAINAGE CONNECTIVITY IN KHIRKIYA

Town Total Closed Open % share of HHs No % share of HHs not name households drainage drainage having drainage Drainage having drainage Khirkiya 3,140 342 847 37.87% 1,951 62.13% Source: 2001 census data

Flood prone areas: Khirkiya doesn‟t have any flood prone areas as there are no big drains around town.

Kutcha drains in municipal area Pucca drains in Khirkiya

Major Water Bodies & Drains There are three open storm water namely Chowkdi road drain, Sindwala baba drain and Ward 10 drain. The drainage pattern of the town is shown in Figure 5-3.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 48 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 5-4 EXISTING DRAINAGE PATTERN AT KHIRKIYA

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 49 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

5.5.2 Present and Future Demand and Supply Gaps Table 5-9 summarizes the current status and demand-supply gap analysis for drainage network provided within the town.

TABLE 5-9: DRAINAGE: DEMAND - SUPPLY GAP ANALYSIS

Service Gap by Year Storm Water Existing and Desired Level Service Gap by Year 2017 Indicator 2037 Unit Drains Existing Desired Existing Demand Estimate Demand Gap Unit Gap 2017 Level Level 2012 2017 2037 2037 2037 1 Road Length Covered with 110 % 130 24.00 32.89 8.89 38.41 43.94 5.53 km.

Drains 2 Distribution - - by Type Kutcha % Kutcha i Open to Total km. Drain 17 % 0 4.00 - (4.00) - - - Length Pucca Open % Pucca ii to Total 12.68 14.50 1.82 km. Drain 83 % 33 20.00 10.85 (9.15) Length Pucca % Pucca iii Closed to Total 25.73 29.44 3.71 km. Drain 0 % 67 - 22.03 22.03 Length Source: SENES Analysis

Khirkiya needs a revamping of storm water drainage system with an addition of 8.89 km of drains by the end of the year 2017 and around 5.53 km in the next two decades from 2017. New drains should be “Pucca closed” to reduce the maintenance cost and improve the hygienic conditions.

5.5.3 Issues  Currently there is no problem of drainage within the town. However, encroachments of the open drains are also major cause of concern and require immediate attention to present town from flooding in future years.  Dumping waste in the open drains leading to clogging of the drains.

5.5.4 SWOT Analysis

Strengths Opportunities  Presence of a good network of natural  Development of an integrated drainage drains network to support the increasing population  Presence of a major water body to drain out of the city storm water from the town  Immediate identification of areas prone to water accumulation and channelizing the waste water to the major natural drain.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 50 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Weaknesses Threats  Encroachments of natural drains and  Improper maintenance of drains development of residential population  Lack of funds can turn all attempts in this around the drain. direction futile.  Mixing of sewage and dumping of solid waste in the drains

5.6 ROAD NETWORK

5.6.1 Existing Road Network

Khirkiya Nagar Parishad is the primary agency responsible for the construction and maintenance roads within the municipal limits. Total road network of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad is 21.76 km, concrete road of 12.16 km and rest are bituminous and kutcha roads. State highway 15 also passes through Chippawad accounts 2km length.

The condition of road joining Khirkiya and Chippawad region needs to be improved. Road in Khirkiya Table 5-10 provides the details of the existing road network within the town. The road network of the town is shown in Table 5-10.

TABLE 5-10: DETAILS OF ROAD NETWORK Surfaced Km % WBM 3.35 15.40% Black top 2.3 10.57% Cement concrete 12.16 55.88% Total 17.81 81.85% Un- Surfaced Motorable 3.45 15.85% Unmotorable 0.5 2.30% Total 3.95 18.15% Total 21.76

Roads maintained by other agencies National Highways - State Highways 2 Other Roads Total

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Total Length of Road 23.76 km Source: Khirkiya Parishad and SENES Analysis

Existing public transport: In Khirkiya public transport is comprises of private vehicles only. Private Buses and shared taxis/cabs are the only modes for commuting via roadways. Local trains from Harda, Khandwa and another nearby cities are another public transport available in town. Local trains are more preferred public transport in Khirkiya.

Travel characteristics: Khirkiya is located on SH 15 which connects town to Harda (district headquarter) city and Khandwa. Harda as big city and district headquarter is just 35 km from Khirkiya, hence have more pull than Khandwa and any other small city 80% people from total travelling population travels to Harda and 20 % people travel towards other cities.

Parking status: In Khirkiya there is no parking facility developed for commercial areas. All vehicles in commercial areas are parked along the road side of SH 15 and Main Khirkiya road, which reduces the effective width of road and finally lead to traffic congestion and jams.

5.6.2 Present and Future Demand and Supply Gaps Table 5-11 summarizes the current status and demand-supply gap analysis for traffic and transportation provided by the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad.

TABLE 5-11: TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION: DEMAND - SUPPLY GAP ANALYSIS Urban Roads, Existing and Service Gap by Year Service Gap by Year Un Transport & Desired Level 2017 2037 it Traffic Existi Gap Desired Existing Demand Estimat Demand Gap - ng Unit - Level (2012) - 2017 e (2037) - 2037 2037 Level 2017 1 Total Road Length in meter 21 core of town 0.94 s (Municipal) 1.00 2 Town Area under 5.45 % 12% 8% 12% Roads/ Circulation 3 Road Width 7.50 meter 7.50 s 4 Distribution of Road by Type Concrete % km. 55.88 i 100 12.16 25.30 13.14 29.55 33.80 4.25 ii Black Top % km.

10.57 (2.30 - - - 0 2.30 ) - iii WBM % km.

15.40 (3.35 - - - 0 3.35 ) - iv Cut Stone/ % km.

Earthen/Others 18.15 (3.95 - - - 0 3.95 ) - Total Municipal Road Length in urban area 21.76 25.30 3.54 29.55 33.80 4.25 Km Source: SENES Analysis

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 52 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Data used for the gap analysis have been collected from the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad and as per Table 5-11, the road network at Khirkiya is below the standards prescribed in the UDPFI guidelines. The existing level of total road is 0.94 meters per person and that of concrete road is 0.52 meters per person.

Congested areas in Khirkiya are: 1. Commercial areas along SH 15. 2. Commercial areas along Main Road

Congested spots in Khirkiya are: 1. Junction of SH 15 and main road 2. Junction of SH 15 and Chippawad 3. Junction at Railway crossing

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 53 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 5-5 EXISTING ROADS AT KHIRKIYA

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 54 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 5-6 MAP SHOWING CONGESTED ROADS AND JUNCTIONS

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 55 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

5.6.3 Traffic and transportation The traffic on the roads is moderate. Currently there is no problem of traffic congestion within the town except for the market area. This is primarily due to bad condition of roads. Road up gradation and widening can further ease the traffic issues for the town.

The town do not have parking area for the vehicles. The road width is one lane in majority of the areas except for the main roads and the market area. Parking areas need Bus Stand at Khirkiya to be developed around congested areas. Road and rail transportation is the main connectivity of the town with nearby and distant places.

Buses connect Khirkiya with major cities such as Harda, Hoshangabad, and Damji pura. There are approximately 15-20 buses plying every day. Khirkiya is connected by train with major cities such as , Bhopal and other nearby towns of the district. Railway line crosses right through the town providing a good connectivity for the town.

5.6.4 Issues  More than 50% of the roads in Khirkiya need widening.  Due to high frequency of trains, the railway crossing remains shut for an average 15-25 minutes in an hour. This lead to traffic jams as there is only one crossing to access other part of town.  There are no parking areas to cater to the increasing vehicles and for vehicles frequenting Khirkiya from outside. The on-going and planned transportation infrastructure improvements need to be implemented on priority.  Encroachments along the roads - Presence of informal activities along the road margins and illegal encroachments of pedestrian areas are the main reasons for traffic congestion in the market area.  There are considerable commercial activities on the main central road and proper management of traffic is needed for the smooth flow of traffic.  There is no provision for footpaths.

5.6.5 SWOT Analysis

Strengths Opportunities  General awareness towards the importance  Development of alternate routes and by- of road network for the overall development pass roads to avoid the movement of heavy of the city. vehicles in the city.  Existence of railway connectivity  Strict regulations over the polluting vehicles to mitigate the health risk faced by the

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 56 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

citizens. Weaknesses Threats  Several incidences of encroachments have  Unregulated growth of encroachments reduced the effective width of the town  Growth of significant private transport roads leading towards increased levels of air  No parking lots pollution

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 57 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

5.7 STREET LIGHTING

5.7.1 Existing Situation of Street Lights

Khirkiya has a decent coverage of the roads with street lights. Presently, the town has a total of 410 streetlights. The data shows that the town has lamp post at every 53m which is on lower side. Street lights are not sufficient in Khirkiya. Tubelights and power savings lamps are not in use. Table 5-12 provides details of the provision of street lights at Khirkiya.

TABLE 5-12: STREET LIGHTING Street lights Type of light Nos. Mercury Lamps 255 60 W Bulbs 35 Sodium vapour Lamps 120 Total 410 Indicators Values Spacing Between street lights 50m % Tube Light 0 %High power 64.4 % Other Lights 35.6 Source: Khirkiya Nagar Parishad and SENES Analysis

5.7.2 Present and Future Demand and Supply Gap Table 5-13 summarizes the current status and demand-supply gap analysis of the service provided by the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad.

TABLE 5-13: STREET LIGHTING: DEMAND - SUPPLY GAP ANALYSIS

Existing and Service Gap by Year Service Gap by Year U Street Lighting Indicator Desired Level 2017 2037 ni Existing Desired Existing Demand Estimate Unit Gap 2017 Demand 2037 Gap 2037 t Level Level 2012 2017 2037 1 Additional street Average Street N met light poles Light Spacing 53 30 142.0 os ers 410 844 434 985 1,127 0 . 2 Distribution by Type % Share to Mercury 62.2 N i Total % 75 107.0 os lamps 0 255 633 378 739 846 0 . ii % Share to N 60 w bulbs Total 8.54 % 25 os 35 211 176 247 282 35.00 . iii Sodium 29.2 N

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 58 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

vapour 7 120 - (120) 985 1,127 142.0 os lamps 0 . Source: Analysis

5.7.3 Issues  At present 62% of the street lighting system consists of high powered mercury lamps. As these lamps consume lot of electricity, replacement with CFL would save unnecessary expenses in a long term.  For the entire road length of Khirkiya there is a light post for settlements at a distance of 53 meters which should be at least at a distance of 30 meters.

Major issue: In Khirkiya CFLs and power saving lamps are not in use, which is definitely increasing the load of expense of street lighting over Khirkiya municipal council, therefore it sis suggested that use of power saving lamps will significantly reduce the electricity bill of Municipal council.

5.8 FIRE FIGHTING

Detailed analysis of fire fighting requirement for Khirkiya was done using Standing Fire Advisory Council (SFAC) guidelines and UDPFI guidelines.

5.8.1 Existing Scenario Present and Future Demand and Supply Gaps

For fire fighting services, currently there is one fire tender of capacity 3,000 Litres purchased in 2009 along with 4 Water Tankers. Fires fighting staff deployed in the town include one driver and one assistant. No other trained staffs are deployed for fire fighting in the town.

As per the UDPFI guidelines one fire station or sub fire station is required for every 2 lakh population and should Fire Tender at Khirkiya have a coverage capacity of 1-3 km. As per the SFAC guidelines, one fire station is required for every 10.24 square kilometers, one rescue van for every 10 lakhs population and one pumping units is required for every one lakh population. Fire- tenders must reach spot of emergency within five minutes of receiving a call.

Based on both the guidelines, one sub fire station is sufficient for Khirkiya till 2037 with an area requirement of approximately 1 ha. The fire station should have a fire tender and a pumping station. The fire station should have its own water source within the premises and convenient outlets at different points.

Manpower requirement for fire fighting per fire tender for Khirkiya as per SAFC guidelines includes:  1 Leading Fireman; 1 Driver-Cum-Pump Operator, and 4 Firemen;

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 59 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

 One Subordinate Officer for every shift for small Fire Brigade;

As per CPHEEO guidelines water requirement for firefighting at Khirkiya in the year 2037 will be 473 kilolitres per day. One third of the fire fighting requirement should be part of the service storage and the balance requirement shall be distributed in different static tanks at strategic points.

5.9 URBAN POOR AND THEIR ACCESSIBILITY TO BASIC SERVICES

5.9.1 Poverty in the Town The estimation of poverty and urban poor in the country is currently made by the Planning Commission both at the national and the state level. This is based on the definition of Below Poverty Line (BPL) provided by the planning commission. BPL has been defined as cost of an all India average consumption basket at which calorie norms are met. The norms are 2,400 calories per capita for rural area and 2,100 calories per capita for urban areas. The calorie norms are expressed in monetary terms for each individual year. Data on the number of BPL families at Khirkiya is presented in Table 5-14.

TABLE 5-14: POVERTY INDICATORS- FAMILIES UNDER BPL

No of No of BPL Ward Population Ward Name Families families No. 2011 2011 2011 1 Gomukh 1642 333 142 2 Kheripura 1150 209 80 3 Gurunanak 1888 363 105 4 Mahatma Gandhi 849 162 33 5 Sanjay Gandhi 1337 255 174 6 Subash 1867 395 72 7 Nehru 1071 198 81 8 Shivaji 1743 384 40 9 Dana baba 1244 251 23 10 Rajiv Gandhi 2204 431 209 11 Indira Gandhi 1482 277 110 12 Shastri 2164 409 89 13 Bajrang Bali 1161 196 21 14 Bharti baba 1489 271 45 15 Dr. Ambedkar 1456 293 159 Total 22747 4427 1383 Source: Khirkiya Parishad

Above table indicates that currently around 31.24% of the families at Khirkiya falls in BPL category.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 60 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

5.9.2 Slums in the Town3 Khirkiya Parishad has a notified slim within its limit. Out of 15 wards, wards 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15 have been notified as slum ward with a total population of 1458 (as per Pattas provided under Rajiv Gandhi Ashraya Yojna) i.e. around 8.52 % of Khirkiya‟s population. With the major population residing in ward no1, 3, 10 and 15 Table 5-15 shows the details of the ward-wise slum population and their notification status.

4 TABLE 5-15: DETAILS OF SLUMS AND SLUM POPULATION

2011 Ward Notified/ Non Pattas provided Slum Ward Population Number notified (2011) (avg) 1 Ward No. 1 107 Notified 87 2 Ward No. 3 80 Notified 36 3 Ward No. 5 223 Notified 17 4 Ward No. 10 223 Notified 80 5 Ward No. 15 825 Notified 139 Total 1458 Source: Khirkiya Nagar Parishad

As per the JnNURM guidelines, the project must meet the defined seven point charter which includes details on land tenure, housing, water supply, sanitation, health, education and social security. The existing scenario for each of the heads is discussed in the following section.

Land Tenure5 The slum dwellers in Khirkiya have legal Land ownership in the form of 30 years patta (patta'kha'). These pattas were given to the beneficiaries under 1984.Madhya Pradesh Nagariya Kshetron Ke Bhoomihin Vyakti. Through the same Act, pattas were given to the slum dwellers under Rajiv Gandhi Ashraya Yojna in the year 2003. As per the' patta act those who have patts get the Leasehold rights of 30 years and the right of land ownership, which is extendable. In the selected slum pockets of Khirkiya the following land tenure scenario exists.

3 Slum Definition adopted in Census of India: 1. All specified areas in a town or city notified as ‘Slum’ by State/Local Government and UT Administration under any Act including a ‘Slum Act’. 2. All areas recognized as ‘Slum’ by State/Local Government and UT Administration, Housing and Slum Boards, which may have not been formally notified as slum under any act; 3. A compact area of at least 300 populations or about 60-70 households of poorly built congested tenements, in unhygienic environment usually with inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and drinking water facilities.

4 In the absence of actual numbers, slum population for each ward has been calculated as per the current density of the town to the area leased to the slum dwellers under various schemes.

5 In order to give legal sanctity to the urban landless, Patta Act, 1984 (amended in 1998) confers leasehold right on landless persons with respect to sites for dwelling houses in urban areas of MP. It entitles all landless occupying less than 45 sq m of land for leasehold rights on the land occupied or another site. 30 years patta for those living in settlements those are to be improved and rehabilitated. The patta can be inherited but not transferred and only residential use is permitted. The Act supercedes all other acts and regulations, including the cities Master Plan. Pattas can be mortgaged for housing loans from banks, registered housing societies or government organizations.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 61 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Existing Slum in Khirkiya Ayodhya Basti slum site

Housing The slum housing structures in Khirkiya are kutcha mud houses. The houses have typical rural character with space for livestock along with the humans.

Water Supply All the notified and non-notified slum areas have public water supply through stand post.

Sanitation The notified slums do not have any public toilet system and most of the people defecate in open.

Health The slum population has accessibility to only a private clinic. There are only two hospitals for the town.

Education There are no schools in the vicinity of the slums.

Social Security The social security pension scheme was launched earlier in the town and details of persons getting benefited through various schemes are provided in Table 5-16.

TABLE 5-16: SOCIAL SECURITY PLANS

Social Indira Hand- Street Security Gandhi Old age Janshree cart Gharelu Vendors Entity Pension (widow pension bima puller Kamkaji Plan Plan pension) scheme Town 312 55 30 930 89 90 151 Chief Uplifment Minister Campaign Antyoday Ration Kanyadan plan Anya Yojna Card Plan

292 897 266 8

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Source: Khirkiya Nagar Parishad

Other Basic Services Other services provided in the slums are similar to that provided by the Khirkiya Nagar in other areas of the town. These include street sweeping, solid waste collection, street lighting. But provision of these services is restricted due to unregulated growth of settlements and population.

The notified slums at Khirkiya town are shown in Figure 5.7

July 2013 SENES Consultants India City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh 63

FIGURE 5-7 LOCATION OF NOTIFIED SLUMS IN KHIRKIYA

July 2013 SENES Consultants India City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh 64

5.9.3 Issues  Growth in slum population: There is slow economic growth in the slum area with paucity of skills development facility. There are low levels of private investment in the town. With authorized slum pockets there are un-authorized slums spread all over the city on the vacant lands and along the river bank.  Infrastructure and public services: There is inadequate supply of power. There is also inadequate government run health services and facilities.  Lack of awareness on slum development programs: There is shortage and poor quality of shelter, basic infrastructure, and public services, including civic amenities, in the selected slum areas. Land tenure issues also arise in the informal settlements. Poor environmental conditions also give rise to health problems.

5.10 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

5.10.1 Health Infrastructure Khirkiya has one CHC at railway station in ward 6, with 4 doctors including 1 lady doctor. CHC has 30 bed facilities. Veterinary dispensary is also located near the CHC. The town also has 7 private clinics supporting health facilities sin town.

Table 5-17 provides the details of medical institutions at Khirkiya Nagar Parishad area.

TABLE 5-17: HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE

No. of Other Health Centres No. No. of Beds Doctors personnel Hospitals 1 4 8 30 Maternity Centres 1 - - 20 Dispensaries 2 Others 10 Source: Khirkiya Parishad

5.10.2 Present and Future Demand and Supply Gaps Table 5-18 provides a snapshot of comparative analysis of existing level of service with level of service desired as per the UDPFI guidelines.

TABLE 5-18: HEALTH: DEMAND - SUPPLY GAP ANALYSIS

Existing and Desired U Health Service Gap by Year 2017 Service Gap by Year 2037 Indicator Level ni Infrastructure Existin Uni Desired Existing Deman Gap Estimate Deman Gap t g Level t Level 2012 d 2017 2017 2037 d 2037 2037 1 General 1 no per No. 22747 250,000 1 0 (1) 0 0 0 Hospital population s 2 Nursing 1 no per No. 5687 45,000 home population s 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 Dispensary 1 no per No. 2843 15,000 2 2 0 2 3 1 population s No. of beds 1.29/10 No. be 1/1000 30 26 (4) 30 34 4 00 s d

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Source: Analysis

In case of health infrastructure, Khirkiya seems to meet most of the standards mentioned under UDPFI. In short term, Khirkiya have currently one nursing home and would be requiring one more nursing home and dispensary till 2037.

5.10.3 Education

There are 5 Government primary schools and 2 Government higher secondary schools and 22 unaided private schools. There is a requirement of an ITI in Khirkiya as suggested during the Kick off workshop. Table 5-19 provides the details of educational institutions at Khirkiya.

H .Secondary School within Khirkiya boundary TABLE 5-19: EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AT KHIRKIYA Type Total Govt. Pvt. Primary 5 5 - Medium Schools 22 - 22 High Schools 2 2 - ITI - - -- Colleges - - - Total Institutions 29 - - Source: Khirkiya Parishad

5.10.4 Present and Future Demand and Supply Gaps Table 5-20 provides a detail of comparative analysis of existing level of service with level of service desired as per the UDPFI guidelines.

TABLE 5-20: EDUCATION: DEMAND - SUPPLY GAP ANALYSIS

Existing and Desired Service Gap by Year Service Gap by Year

Education Level 2017 2037 Indicator U Un Infrastructure Existing Desired Existin Deman Gap Estimat Deman Gap ni it Level Level g 2012 d 2017 2017 e 2037 d 2037 2037 t 1 Primary 1 no per N Per population 4634 o. 2500 5 11 6 12 14 2 faci s lity 2 Sr. Secondary 1 no per N Per population 1053 o. 7500 2 4 2 4 5 1 faci s lity 3 School for 1 no per N Per Handicapped population 0 o. 45000 0 1 1 1 1 0 faci s lity 4 Integrated 1 no per N Per 0.3 90000 2 1 -1 1 1 0 school (I- XII) population o. faci

July 2013 SENES Consultants India City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh 66

s lity

Source: Analysis

Gap analysis as shown in Table 5-20 suggests that Khirkiya town has enough basic infrastructures for the educational requirement for primary and senior secondary schools for 2037. Apart from these, Khirkiya town needs Integrated (I-XII) schools with and without hostel facilities and schools for handicapped children

This gap analysis fails to take quality of service and existing status of these facilities into consideration

5.10.5 Issues  Existing level of service in the health and education infrastructure demands a revamping as these are among the factors that would guide future development of the region.  A continuous flow of funds needs to be ensured for development of new infrastructure and upgradation of existing infrastructure.  Most of the schools at Khirkiya lack necessary infrastructure and hence initiatives should be taken in equipping existing educational institutions with necessary infrastructure.  An ITI college is required for town for industrial education for the local population.

5.10.6 SWOT Analysis

Strengths Opportunities  Commendable existing base of primary  Development of new health facilities supported by health and education facilities (in terms of an upgradation/ improvement of existing health numbers). facilities will help in an overall development of the  Substantial awareness for the improvement region. of these facilities.  Development of more health care units can provide employment opportunity for the town Weaknesses Threats  Lack of integrated schools and school for  Lack of maintenance can degrade the existing handicapped infrastructure.  Lack of intermediate hospitals and poly-  Frequent power cuts hinder a continuous supply of clinics services.  Absence of alternate power supply in the  Poor connectivity of the rural areas to the schools existing health and educational facilities

5.11 OTHER SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Other social infrastructure includes, guest house, police station, post office, community center, social gathering areas, religious centers and other public spaces. These infrastructures depict the prosperity, social behavior and culture of town and its people.

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5.11.1 Existing status In Khirkiya, social infrastructure, community halls, stadium, mela ground, etc are not available. Police station is located near the Chippawad settlement on SH 15. There are 02 Cremation grounds, one is near BSNL office and another is in ward 10 along the major drain. Muslim Cemetery is located in south-west of town on SH 15.

FIGURE 5-8 CREMATION GROUND NEAR BSNL OFFICE

5.12 HOUSING SCENARIO

This section deals with study of present housing scenario of Khirkiya town. This will include study of housing types, conditions of houses in different wards and present trend of housing

5.12.1 Existing status Khirkiya is combination of two settlements and both has different housing character. Khirkiya is a newly developed settlements, came into existence after lying of railway line. Area along and around the railway line has houses based on modern construction. Whereas houses in Chippawad has village like character and construction technology is traditional. Slums are generally located near the cotton mills. Ayodhya basti is located in east of Chippawad on SH 15. Houses here are well constructed with brick wall and tiled roof.

Houses in slum in Ayodhya basti Houses in slum in Ayodhya basti

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Traditional house in Chippawad Newly built house in Khirkiya near railway line

Housing condition: In town about 94.90% families are living in permanent houses out of which 1871 households are living in permanent houses. Only 1.53% household are living in kutcha houses.

TABLE 5-21 HOUSING CONDITION IN KHIRKIYA

Urban Total Permanent Semi- % share of Total Serviceable Non- % share of Centre HHs permanent HHs having serviceable HHs having permanent temporary house house Khirkiya 3,140 1,871 1,109 94.90% 48 10 38 1.53% Source: 2001 census

5.12.2 Issues:  Area around railway station is getting congested.  No underground sewerage system in newly developing colonies.  No setbacks are formulated for housing.  Lack of proper planning in developing new colonies.

5.13 ENVIRONMENT:

Khirkiya is surrounded with agricultural field, which maintains air environment of the region. However, due to increase in population and traffic movement, Chippawad on SH 15 is experiencing air and noise pollution.

Natural drains in Khirkiya and Chippawad are also getting polluted as solid waste is continuously dumped along the drains

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Open dumping in ward No. 2 Open dumping near BSNL office

Environmental profile:

• There is no official green space in town

• New recreational areas, local and community parks can be developed between both major settlements

• Total area under recreational space is 0.7 sqkm i.e. 7.0% of total municipal area.

Flora and Fauna

• Town has agricultural field all around the urbanized area

• Plantation is good around town

• No ecological sensitive area like sanctuary and national park

• Indira sagar Dam is located at 10 km west

Pollution levels:

 Air quality: Overall Air quality is good. Area along main road and SH 15 need little attention - air pollution due to frequent truck movements  Soil quality: Soil is very fertile, but in area of open dumping site soil is getting polluted.  Water quality: Ground water is good and fit for drinking, but Water pollution is observed Along major drains due to dumping of solid waste and non maintenance.

Environmental acts which can be regulated in Khirkiya to ensure healthy environment are: • The Electricity Act, 2003 • Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 • Air (Prevention And Control Of Pollution) Act 1981 • Water (Prevention & Control ) Act 1974 • The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 • Hazardous Wastes (Management And Handling) Amendment Rules, 2003 • Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation And Control) Rules, 2000

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6.0 EXISTING INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPMENT

Urban management in India is facing new challenges in the form of large concentrations of population in urban areas, opening of the economy and the resultant demand for quality services, growing number of urban poor, inadequate financial resources and complexities of urban situations. As a result, urban management has not remained an exclusive responsibility of the ULBs. There are other organizations that are responsible for urban management such as urban development authorities, special purpose boards and corporations, and the state government departments controlling the affairs of urban development. As a result of these agencies and the definite roles assigned to them in overall urban management, the ULB is required to closely work with and share the responsibility of urban management with them.

The agencies involved in urban management and development at Madhya Pradesh and at Khirkiya are: a) Urban Administration and Development Department; b) Town and Country Planning Department; c) Madhya Pradesh Housing Board; d) Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board; and e) Urban Administration and Development Department f) Town and Country Planning Department g) Madhya Pradesh Housing Board h) Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board i) Khirkiya Nagar Parishad

6.1 URBAN ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

The Urban Administration and Development Department (UADD) of the Government of Madhya Pradesh is an administrative department that controls the organizations related to urban development, including municipal corporations, councils and Nagar Panchayats. This department is also responsible for implementing the schemes related to urban poverty alleviation. The UADD is responsible for implementation of the following Acts in the state:  Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1956;  Madhya Pradesh Municipal Council Act, 1961;  Cruelty to Animals Act, 1971 (provisions applicable to urban areas);  Vidisha (Bhelsa) Ramlila Act, 1956;  „Simhastha Mela Act;  Slaughter of Animals Act (provisions applicable to urban areas);  Madhya Pradesh Slum Area (Development and Irradiation) Act, 1976; and  Madhya Pradesh Cycle Rickshaw (Regulation of License) Act, 1984.

The UADD is also responsible for implementation of various public welfare schemes sponsored by the central and state governments. Some such schemes include Conversion of Dry Latrine Program,

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Swarna Jayanti Urban Employment Scheme, National Slum Development Program, Social Security Group Insurance Scheme, and Janashri Insurance Scheme. These schemes are implemented through the District Urban Development Agency. Being the parent organization of ULBs, UADD monitors the functioning of all ULBs in the state.

6.2 TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING DEPARTMENT

The activities of Town and Country Planning Department (TCPD) are guided by the provisions of the Madhya Pradesh Nagar Tatha Nivesh Niyam, 1973 (the Rules). The Rules provide for the appointment of a Director to head this department. There are other officers such as Additional Director, Joint Director, Deputy Director and Assistant Director of TCPD to assist him. This department comes under the Housing and Environment Department of the Government of Madhya Pradesh.

The State Government, as per provisions of the Rules declares a region including major urban areas and its surrounding settlements as a planning area and orders the preparation of a development plan for the region. The Director of the TCPD with the assistance of the administrative setup provided to him carries out the following activities:  Survey of the entire region;  Preparation of existing landuse map; and  Preparation of a regional development plan.

6.3 MADHYA PRADESH HOUSING BOARD

Madhya Pradesh Housing Board (MPHB) falls under the administrative and functional control of the Housing and Environment Department of GoMP. The operations of the Board are governed by the provisions of the Madhya Pradesh Housing Board Act, 1972 and rules formulated therein, amended from time to time. The key functions of MPHB as per its governing Act and rules include:  To acquire land from the government, private parties and/or other departments for construction of properties;  To design, plan, construct, supervise and sell residential flats and commercial complexes;  To undertake deposit works for government departments such as Education, Welfare, and Tribal Welfare Departments for construction of schools, hostels and other infrastructure; and  To undertake repair and reconstruction work of old structures.

6.4 MADHYA PRADESH POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

Implementation, supervision and monitoring activities pertaining to Central Pollution Control Acts and Rules vests with the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Government of India, and the respective State Pollution Control Boards formed/constituted under its rules. Madhya Pradesh State Pollution Control Board (MPPCB) headquartered at the state capital, Bhopal, carries out its operations through seven regional offices, each located at the divisional headquarters.

The main function of the regional offices is to monitor the implementation of provisions of various Acts governing pollution control and prevention and the Rules framed under such Acts. The pollution prevention and control Acts include:  The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974;

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 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act 1977;  The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981;  The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; and  The Public Liability Insurance Act 1991. MPPCB is also responsible for implementation of the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 which spell out responsibilities of the state pollution control boards and the urban local bodies. MPPCB is the monitoring authority with respect to ground water, ambient air, and compost quality in urban areas. MPPCB is also required to monitor processing and disposal facilities for municipal waste, with the approval of the State Urban Development Department, Town and Country Planning Department, and Ground Water Board. According to the Rules, the ULB is responsible for implementation of the provisions and infrastructure development for collection, storage, segregation, transport and processing of solid waste in the town. The major areas of concern of MPPCB with regards to ULB functions are:  Management of solid and liquid waste disposal;  Waste water management;  Improvement of roads and plantation of trees;  Traffic management to control vehicular pollution; and  Proper planning of the city.

6.5 KHIRKIYA NAGAR PARISHAD

Khirkiya Parishad is governed by the Madhya Pradesh Municipal Council Act, 1961. The duties of the council are to undertake and make reasonable and adequate provision for the following matters within the limit of the Nagar Parishad:  lighting public streets, places and buildings;  cleansing public streets, places and sewers,  disposing of night-soil and rubbish and preparation of compost manure from night-soil and rubbish;  extinguishing fire and protecting life and property when fire occurs;  regulating or abating offensive or dangerous trades or practices;  removing obstructing and projection in public streets or places and in spaces not being private property,  acquiring, maintaining, changing and regulating places for the disposal of the dead;  taking special measures as may be required for disposal of dead bodies during epidemics and other unforeseen emergencies;  securing or removing dangerous building or places, and reclaiming unhealthy localities;  constructing, altering and maintaining public streets, culverts, municipal boundary marks, markets, hats, slaughter - houses, latrines, privies, urinals, drains, sewers, drainage works, sewerage works, baths, washing places, drinking fountains, tanks, wells, dams and the like;  establishing and managing cattle pounds,

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 obtaining a supply or an additional supply of water, proper and sufficient, for preventing danger to the health of the inhabitants and domestic cattle  naming streets and parks and numbering houses;  registering births, marriages and deaths;  public vaccination;  providing suitable accommodation for any calves, cows and buffaloes required within the municipal limits for the supply of animal lymph;  registration of cattle and carrying out the census of agricultural cattle at such intervals as may be prescribed;  taking such measures as may be required to prevent the out-break or spread or recurrence of infectious disease;  preparing such annual reports on the municipal administration as the state government may, by general or special orders, require the Council to submit;  erecting substantial boundary marks of such description and in such position as shall be approved by the Collector, defining the limits or any alteration in the limits of the Nagar Parishad ;  constructing and maintaining residential quarters for the conservancy staff of the Council; and  establishing and maintaining primary schools;

In addition to above mandatory function, the local body also has some discretionary functions, which are performed as and when required.

6.5.1 Structure of Khirkiya Parishad Chief Municipal Officer (CMO) heads the local body supported by an Assistant Engineer. There are five major departments in the Nagar which includes engineering department, accounts department, sanitation department, revenue and general office administration. The institutional setup for Khirkiya Parishad is shown in Figure 6-1. At present the total strength of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad is 31 only and assessment of Nagar Parishad requirement of staff is under evaluation.

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FIGURE 6-1: INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF KHIRKIYA NAGAR PARISHAD

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7.0 ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING MUNICIPAL FINANCE

The financial analysis of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad has been carried out to understand its current status. The financial statements of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad have been reviewed for the last four years, commencing from the financial year 2008-09 to 2011-12. Since the audited account statements were not available, budget estimates for the respective years have been considered.

7.1 FINANCIAL STATUS AT A GLANCE - KHIRKIYA

The overall status of the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad was deficit in all the years Revenue Account considered i.e. FY 2008-09, FY 2009-10 2011-12 and FY 2011-12. FY 2010-11 budget has shown a surplus. The deficit is on account 2010-11 of high revenue expenditure than revenue income. Revenue account has shown 2009-10 deficit in all the financial years 2008-09 to 2008-09 year 2011-12; whereas capital account has shown surplus for all years and can mainly 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 be attributed to the less utilisation of the Rs. lakhs. Revenue Expenditure Revenue Income capital income for capital works.

The revenue account comprises of revenue income and revenue expenditure. The revenue income of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad has been projected in all the budgets to grown from Rs. 198.5 lakhs in FY 2008-09 to Rs. 361.3 lakhs in FY 2011-12. Revenue income of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad has registered a CAGR of 16.2% in last 4 years. While in terms of revenue expenditure, Khirkiya Nagar Parishad registered a CAGR of 11.9% which is less than revenue income growth rate.

Capital income of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad Capital Account primarily comprises of income from grants and contributions. Over the last few years, Khirkiya has received many grants for 2011-12

State Finance Commission (SFC), grant 2010-11 under the Twelfth Finance Commission (TFC) and under different government 2009-10 schemes leading to an increase in the 2008-09 capital income and expenditure of the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad, both have been 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 growing with CAGR of 14.2% and 15.1% Rs. lakhs. respectively. The capital income is Capital Income Capital Expenditure expected to grow to a level of Rs. 520 lakhs for FY 2011-12 from Rs.382 lakhs in FY 2009-10 while capital expenditure is expected to increase to Rs. 473.4 lakhs from Rs 319.9 lakhs. The budgeted capital income and expenditure for the year 2008- 09 were very high in comparison to later years; Rs 960.4 lakhs and Rs 912.1 Lakhs respectively. The financial status of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad is shown in Error! Reference source not found..

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TABLE 7-1: FINANCIAL STATUS AT A GLANCE

Khirkiya Nagar Parishad 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 CAGR

RS IN LAKHS

Income 198.5 246.4 332.0 361.3 16.2

Expenditure 304.9 367.9 421.2 478.8 11.9

Surplus/ Deficit (106.4) (121.5) (89.1) (117.5)

Receipts 960.4 382.0 491.3 520.0 (14.2)

Payments 912.1 319.9 400.8 473.4 (15.1)

Surplus/ Deficit 48.3 62.1 90.6 46.6

Overall Status incl. O.B. 0.0 15.0 59.6 0.2

Source: Annual Accounts, Khirkiya Nagar Parishad

7.2 REVENUE ACCOUNT

The following section provides an in-depth review of the revenue account, in order to assess the municipal fiscal status. The revenue account comprises of two components - revenue income and revenue expenditure.

7.2.1 Revenue Income The revenue sources of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad can broadly be categorized as own sources (tax revenues, non tax revenues), assigned revenue sand grants and contributions. The source-wise income generated during the review period is presented in Table 7-2. The income from own sources (tax and Non tax) accounts for about 64%, which is followed by income from assigned revenue which accounts for about 35%, while revenue grants from government and other sources( deposit loans ) etc. accounts only for 1%.

TABLE 7-2: SOURCE-WISE REVENUE INCOME

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Share CAGR Revenue Income Actuals in Rs. Lakhs % % 1. Own Sources 137.0 165.9 182.4 208.2 64 66 Tax Revenue 57.7 78.9 85.9 92.6 29 83 Non Tax Revenue 79.3 87.0 96.5 115.6 35 43 2. Assigned Rev 48.5 60.0 130.0 140.0 35 23 3. Revenue Grants - 7.5 7.5 - 1 50

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Total 185.5 233.4 319.9 348.2 100 35 Source: Annual Accounts, Khirkiya Nagar Parishad

7.2.2 Own Sources Own source income includes income from tax revenue and non-tax revenue. Own source of income has grown with a CAGR of 66% over the last four years. Own source of revenue is expected to increase to Rs. 208.2 lakhs in FY 2011-12 from Rs. 137.0 lakhs in FY 2008-09. The actual revenue from own source is only in the range of Rs. 173 lakhs (average) for last four years. Tax revenue accounts for about 29% of the total revenue income. The details of the tax revenue of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad Parishad are shown in Table 7-3.

TABLE 7-3: TAX REVENUE SN Head of Account 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 (in Rs. Lakhs) 1 Property Tax 8.00 9.77 10.00 10.75 2 Integrated tax 16.0 19.3 22.3 23.0 3 Pilgrimage tax 15.0 17.0 20.0 22.0 4 Export tax 17.0 31.0 32.0 35.0 5 Other Taxes 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 Total 57.7 78.9 85.9 92.6 Source: Annual Accounts, Khirkiya Nagar Parishad

In case of Khirkiya, the revenue from property tax is very less if compared with other towns. Export tax and integrated tax are the major source of tax income in Khirkiya.

Property Tax Status: Property tax contributes 12% of share in total of tax sources under own sources section. There are total of 3,536 of properties in Khirkiya however the tax collection is done for 2,942 (83%) of the properties which are applicable for tax collection.

Tax revenue and Non tax revenue accounts for 29% and 35% of own sources and accounts for about 64% of the total revenue income.

7.2.3 Assigned Revenue and Compensation Assigned revenues and compensations accounts for about 35% of the total revenue income and which includes Octroi compensation only. Revenue from this source depends on the devolution from GoMP. The details of the revenue from this source are shown in Table 7-4.

TABLE 7-4: ASSIGNED REVENUE SN Head of Account 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 (in Rs Lakhs) 1 Octroi compensation 48.5 60.0 130.0 140.0 Total 48.5 60.0 130.0 140.0 Source: Annual Accounts, Khirkiya Nagar Parishad

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7.2.4 Grants/ Contributions Income from grants and contributions accounts for only about 1% of the total revenue income. Khirkiya Nagar Parishad Parishad is mainly getting the revenue grants from GoMP for road maintenance which are shown in Table 7-5.

TABLE 7-5: REVENUE FROM GRANTS/ CONTRIBUTIONS SN Head of Account 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 (in Rs Lakhs) 1 Mid day meal - 7.5 7.5 - Source: Annual Accounts, Khirkiya Nagar Parishad

7.3 REVENUE EXPENDITURE Revenue expenditure is classified under the establishment mainly comprises of salaries and wages, administrative expenses, operation and management expenses and repayment of loans. The details of the revenue expenditure of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad Parishad are shown in Table 7-6.

The revenue expenditure has grown from Rs. 289.9 lakhs in FY 2008-09 to Rs. 407.2 lakhs in FY 2010-11 with budgeted expenditure for the FY 2011-12 as Rs. 472.8 lakhs. Revenue expenditure has registered a CAGR of 45.6%.

TABLE 7-6: APPLICATION OF FUNDS BY HEAD OF ACCOUNT 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Share CAGR Items Actuals in Rs. Lakhs % % Khirkiya Nagar Parishad

Salaries/ Wages & Allowances 114.7 156.2 185.1 222.6 44.6 47.0 Administrative Expenses 16.0 25.6 28.4 33.5 6.8 88.9 Operation & Maintenance 138.9 148.7 149.1 193.0 41.3 40.7 Programme Expenses 0.5 0.5 0.2 5.4 0.4 Repayment of Loans 3.0 5.0 9.0 9.0 1.7 (100.0) Other Miscellaneous 16.71 17.39 35.37 9.31 5.2 77.2 expenditure Total Revenue Expenditure 289.9 353.4 407.2 472.8 100.0 45.6 Source: Annual Accounts, Khirkiya Nagar Parishad Parishad

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In case of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad, “salaries/wages and allowances” accounts for the highest share of expenditure which is 45% of the total revenue expenditure. The other major expenditure is towards O&M expenses, which accounts for about 41% of total revenue expenditure. “salaries/wages and allowances” expense include salary of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad employees, wages to the temporary staff, and pension to staff, which has been increasing with a CAGR of 47% during the analysis period.

In case of O&M cost, major expenditure is towards water works, providing sanitation and waste management services. During the last four years total O&M cost has increased with CAGR of 40.7%.

Administrative expenses includes stationary, printing expenses, furniture, advertisement, photo copy and other expenses which accounts for 6.8% of the total revenue expenditure.

7.4 CAPITAL ACCOUNT Capital account of the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad was in surplus from FY 2008-09 to FY 2011-12. Capital grants for special projects have resulted in increase in the capital income and capital expenditure of the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad. The capital income has grown to a level of Rs. 520 lakhs in FY 2011-12 from Rs.382.0 lakhs in FY 2008-09, while capital expenditure has increased to Rs 473.4 lakhs from Rs. 319.9 lakhs in same time. The budgeted capital income and expenditure for the year 2008-09 were very high in comparison to later years; Rs 960.4 lakhs and Rs 912.1 Lakhs respectively.

In general the capital income of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad comprises of own sources in the form of sale of property, loans, grants and contributions and transfers from revenue surplus. However during the review period the capital revenues have been generated only through grants and contributions from the central and state government. Major source of income is capital grants from GoI and GoMP which accounts for about 98% of the total capital income. The details of the capital account are shown in Table 7-7 and the expenditure item is shown in Table 7-8

TABLE 7-7: DETAILS OF CAPITAL ACCOUNT 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Share Capital Income Actuals in Rs. Lakhs % Sale of assets - - - - Loans 5.0 7.0 7.0 10.0 2 Grants & Contributions Special Projects 955.4 375.0 484.3 510.0 98 Other Grants - Total Grants & Contributions 955.4 375.0 484.3 510.0 98 Public Contribution - - - - Other Capital income - - - - Total Capital Income 960.4 382.0 491.3 520.0 100 Source: Annual Accounts, Khirkiya Nagar Parishad

The data for capital expenditure for last four years is provided in Table 6-8

TABLE 7-8 DETAILS OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURE Capital Income 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Share

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Actuals in Rs. Lakhs % Capital Expenditure Loans Capital Work in Progress 867.6 297.9 378.3 441.4 94 Purchase of fixed assets 44.5 22.0 22.5 32.0 6 Other Capital Expenditure - - - - 0 Total Capital Expenditure 912.1 319.9 400.8 473.4 100 Source: Annual Accounts, Khirkiya Nagar Parishad

7.5 OBSERVATIONS

. Khirkiya Nagar Parishad has deficit for last four financial years: The average operating ratio of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad Parishad for 2008-09 to 2011-12 is 1.43 which is more than 1 indicating that Khirkiya‟s revenue expenditure levels are higher than the revenue income. . CUR: Average Capital Utilization Ratio of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad for year 2006-07 to 2009-10 is 0.88 which indicates that Khirkiya Nagar Parishad is not fully utilising capital income for capital expenditure to full extent. . Tax revenue accounts for 29% of the revenue income, which is very low. Property tax accounts for very low revenue generation.

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8.0 VISION AND SECTOR GOALS

Developing a vision for the town is central to the preparation of a CDP. A vision is a statement concerning what the town wishes to achieve within a given timeframe and is often expressed in terms of clear expectations. It defines the potential of the town besides reflecting its unique attributes in terms of comparative and competitive advantages, values and preferences of the town‟s residents, relationship of the town to the state, national and global economies, and of course, the history and physical characteristics of the town.

8.1 FORMULATION OF THE CITY VISION

After completing a rapid assessment of the town‟s infrastructure, physical and environmental aspects and institutional and financial status, a consultative process was started with the Khirkiya Nagar Officials.

The workshop held on November 15th, 2011 served to explain the purpose of the CDP, the ownership of the plan and the need for establishing and strengthening partnerships to leverage Nagar Parishad‟s role in facilitating economic growth and improving quality of life. The officials of other government departments such as Town & Country Planning, Health, and Education who have a stake in the development of the town were also involved in this workshop. This workshop focused on highlighting the current status of all the services provided by the various departments of Khirkiya Nagar and the key issues confronting each department.

The consultations held so far were concluded with a visioning workshop with stakeholders. Nagar officials and the stakeholders together carried out the visioning exercise at this workshop. The workshop started with a plenary session in which the current status and gaps in various services were presented to the stakeholders. It was followed by the mission statements and the perceived needs of the stakeholders. The comparison also served to identify additional priorities not mentioned by the Nagar officials as well as discrepancies between the services provided by Nagar and the stakeholders‟ perception of such services.

The presentation by the consultants‟ team was followed by a questionnaire survey which aimed at eliciting stakeholders‟ perception of town, town‟s infrastructure, major issues and where they want their town to be in the future. This was followed by the ward-wise detailing of ward-specific problems and potentials that can be harnessed for the development of ward and town.

8.1.1 Vision for Khirkiya

As a result of the above-mentioned workshop and consultations with the Khirkiya Nagar officials and stakeholders, the vision for Khirkiya emerged as follows:

„„A well developed, organized, prosperous, progressive city with all basic and advance infrastructure”

In addition to the outlining of a vision for the town, discussions were also carried out on the identification of major themes which would serve as the watchwords for initiatives and actions to

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 82 82 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh achieve the vision. Some of the major themes that came out of the workshop and consultations with stakeholders are as follows:  The town should attain a key position in agro-based industries;  Support industrialization in its hinterland; and  Promote education, health institutions and a safe environment for the citizens.

8.2 MISSION STATEMENTS FOR KHIRKIYA

To achieve the vision, certain Mission Statements are formulated on the basis of identified themes which would be the various lines on which development should be concentrated. Based on consultations with stakeholders and review of development plans of other cities, following Mission Statements are being adopted to achieve the vision.

1. To provide citizens with world-class basic infrastructure facilities

All basic infrastructure facilities viz. water supply, sewerage & sanitation, storm water drainage, solid waste management, roads & transportation and street lighting & fire fighting and social infrastructure facilities viz. health and education, should be developed / upgraded to support the economic and social development of the town.

2. To utilise the town’s existing economic potential and generate new opportunities for the prosperity in all sections of the community.

An economic development plan should be devised for the harnessing of town‟s economic potential. It should concentrate on the diversification of economic base of the town so as to reduce dependence on any particular factor.

3. To uplift the urban poor and bring them at par with other sections of the community

A comprehensive up-liftment plan comprising of employment generation, provisioning of basic infrastructure and equal access to social infrastructure for urban poor should be prepared to address the existing disparity among the various sections of the community.

4. Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building

Preparation of an institutional action plan defines roles and responsibilities of various stakeholder agencies. It would also target at the capacity of various stakeholder agencies in terms of adequacy of staff and competitiveness for an efficient delivery. The issue of “motivation to work” should be an integral part of this plan. 5. Preparation of Resource Mobilization Plan

Preparation of a financial and operating plan addressing the resource requirement for implementation and maintenance of the proposals under the City Development Plan.

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These Mission Statements would serve the purposes of aligning/ initiating development works with the formulated vision, guidance during the policy formulations to achieve the goal and framework for the coordination among the various stakeholder agencies.

8.3 SECTOR GOALS

Keeping the vision in mind, the stakeholders and the consultants‟ team designed goals for various sectors/ services to achieve the vision in a given timeframe. We have presented the sector goals under the five major heads: 1. Physical Infrastructure; 2. Social Infrastructure; 3. Economic Development; 4. Urban Poor; 5. Environment and Tourism; and 6. Urban Governance and Institutional Development

In this chapter, we have also outlined the key areas in each sector, which would be the main focus of detailed strategies and action plan. We have also discussed the achievement targets for short, medium and long terms. These achievement targets have been decided according to the demand of that particular parameter in that year.

8.4 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

8.4.1 Water supply and distribution

Sector Goal: All households should be provided with piped water with defined service levels.

Key areas which would be addressed by detailed strategies and action plan to meet the sectoral goal are provided in Table 8-1.

TABLE 8-1: WATER SUPPLY

Sector Components 2017 2027 2037

Network coverage to households 80% 90% 90%

Per capita supply as per norms (135 lpcd) 1.35 1.35 1.35 24/7 water supply no no yes Quality of water good good good

WATER Non-revenue water 15% 15% 15% SUPPLY Consumer metering 50% 80% 80% Cost recovery 75% 75% 75% Roof water harvesting no yes yes If O&M is If O&M is Private sector participation no contracted to a contracted to a private developer private developer

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8.4.2 Sewerage & Sanitation

Sector Goal: To provide sewerage facilities to 100% of the households and safe sanitation facilities to all the citizens.

Key areas which would be addressed by detailed strategies and action plan to meet the sectoral goal are provided in Table 8-2.

TABLE 8-2: SEWERAGE AND SANITATION

YEAR Components 2017 2027 2037 Sewer network coverage to 80% 90% 100% households Treatment plant to Expand the Expand the Sewage Treatment and disposal be built- capacity- capacity by 3.1 capacity by arrangements 2.7 MLD MLD 3.6 MLD Treated SEWERAGE Treated water Treated water water could & could be used for could be used be used for SANITATION Sewage Recycling and reuse agricultural for agricultural agricultural process, not for process, not for process, not drinking use. drinking use. for drinking use. Cost recovery (as a % of O&M ) 70% 90% 90% Safe sanitation facilities (with 70% of 70% of 70% of focus on Urban poor) households households households

In addition to above area, a constant effort should be devoted towards community participation and awareness campaign for the proper maintenance of public toilets and cost recovery through collecting the user charges.

8.4.3 Roads & Transportation

Sector Goal: To link each and every part of the city with efficient transportation system.

Key areas which would be addressed by detailed strategies and action plan to meet the sectoral goal are provided in Table 8-3.

Medium term action plan aimed at development of transport infrastructure over a perspective plan period of 5-10 years to bring about coordinated development among different components. These measures typically will include various infrastructure projects, which will be directed at network improvements such as parallel roads, link roads, slip roads, flyovers, and bridges.

Long-term action plan aimed at development of structure plan for the urban area with transit as one of the lead components which will direct the urban growth so as to bring about a structural fit between transit infrastructure and urban growth. This will also examine a comprehensive multi-modal public transit system to bring about the most optimal mix of commuting within the urban area and thus providing a sustainable transit solution.

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TABLE 8-3: ROADS AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

YEAR Components 2017 2027 2037 New road formations 13.30 Km 4.25 Km 4.25 Km Upgradation to Development of bus and truck Development of none accommodate terminus bus stand capacity ROADS & Regulating Regulating Regulating TRAFFIC Junctions and traffic signal traffic through traffic through traffic through MANAGEMENT improvements better better better management management management parking lots to Up gradation be provided at Parking facilities of Parking strategic Lots locations

8.4.4 Storm water drainage

Sector Goal: To develop an efficient drainage system to ensure cleanliness of city

Key areas which would be addressed by detailed strategies and action plan to meet the sectoral goal are provided in Table 8-4.

TABLE 8-4: DRAINAGE

YEAR Components 2017 2027 2037 Storm water drainage network 32.89 Km 38.41 Km 43.94 Km coverage 4 Km kutcha drain Rehabilitation of existing drains to be upgraded to - - pucca DRAINAGE Desilting of drains Rehabilitation of existing primary to increase their 100% 100% Nallas and water bodies capacity No more flooding Flood prone areas due to natural none none drainage

In addition to above, Khirkiya Nagar should start their constant effort towards cleaning of drains on regular basis and removing of encroachments.

8.4.5 Solid waste management

Sector Goal: To achieve 100% collection and disposal of solid waste by means of public private participation

Key areas which would be addressed by detailed strategies and action plan to meet the sectoral goal are provided in Table 8-5.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 86 86 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

TABLE 8-5: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Sector Components 2017 2027 2037 Door-to-door door to door door to door door to door collection collection system collection collection Source segregation yes yes yes Improve waste 100% 100% 100% collection efficiency Mechanized waste yes yes yes handling Scientific waste yes yes yes disposal

SWM Landfill site adequacy yes yes yes Could be looked in for as a viable Could be looked in for as option for a viable option for door Private sector door to door to door collection to Continued participation collection to segregation to disposal ( segregation integrated approach) to disposal ( integrated approach)

These areas have been identified on the basis of workshops, consultations and review of best practices in the sector.

8.4.6 Street Lighting

Sector Goal: To provide 100% road network with energy efficient lighting facilities.

Key areas which would be addressed by detailed strategies and action plan to meet the sectoral goal are provided in Table 8-6.

TABLE 8-6: STREET LIGHTING

No. Achievement Target 2017 2027 2037 1 New Installations 80% 90% 100% 2 Up-gradation 100% 100% 100%

8.5 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

8.5.1 Health

Sector Goal: To equip Khirkiya with state-of-art health infrastructure so as to reduce the dependence on other cities

Key areas which would be addressed by detailed strategies and action plan to meet the sectoral goal are as provided in Table 8-7.  Primary, secondary and tertiary health care;

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 87 87 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

 Adequacy of health infrastructure; and  Awareness programmes

TABLE 8-7: HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE

Sector Components 2017 2027 2037 Doctors per 1000 population 1.5 2 3 Beds per 1000 population 1.5 2 2.6 To be carried Effective implementation of To be carried in To be carried in in health programmes and related coordination of coordination of Dept. coordination Health services in the slum areas of the Dept. of Health, of Health, GoMP of Dept. of city GoMP Health, GoMP Regular checks for water Yes (Provision to be contamination in all water bodies made for necessary Yes Yes of the city infrastructure)

8.5.2 Education

Sector Goal: To achieve a 100% literacy rate with student-friendly educational institutions

Key areas which would be addressed by detailed strategies and action plan to meet the sectoral goal are as provided in Table 8-8.  Primary, secondary, higher-secondary, degree colleges and other educational institutions;  Services/ infrastructure provided in the institutions; and  Regulations

TABLE 8-8: EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE

Sector Components 2017 2027 2037 Literacy Rate 85% 95% 100% Enrolment in primary 90% 100% 100% schools 60% of prescribed 80% of prescribed 100% of prescribed Teacher Student ratio Teacher Student ratio Teacher Student ratio Education Teacher Student Ratio in various level of in various level of in various level of educational educational educational institutions institutions institutions Institutions for Higher No Yes No Education

8.6 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Sector Goal: Sustainable economic development on the basis of inherent strengths of the city through promotion of health, education, tourism and industrial sectors – focus on local employment opportunities.

The key area which would be addressed by detailed strategies and action plan to meet the sectoral goal is promotion of small scale industries.

8.7 URBAN POOR

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 88 88 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Sector Goal: To achieve hygienic environment in slums, access to basic services and quality housing for all slum households with the ultimate aim of a slum-free city.

Key areas which would be addressed by detailed strategies and action plan to meet the sectoral goal are provided in Table 8-9.

TABLE 8-9: SERVICE LEVEL FOR URBAN POOR

Sector Components 2017 2027 2037 Access to water 135 lpcd to all 135 lpcd to all 135 lpcd to all connection dwellers dwellers dwellers Access to public toilets 100% of households 100% of households 100% of households and urinal facilities for (1 Community (1 Community (1 Community Toilet all slum households Toilet per 60 users) Toilet per 60 users) per 60 users) Door to Door Door to Door Door to Door Access to dustbins and Collection( could Collection( could Collection( could secondary storage look for a PPP look for a PPP look for a PPP points Project for the city) Project for the city) Project for the city)

Up gradation of kutcha Provision under Maintenance and up Maintenance and up roads to PCC roads in Urban IHSDP gradation gradation slums Poor Provision to provide Improved drainage drainage network Yes Yes systems alongside all the roads Adequate street lighting Yes Yes Yes facilities

Education facilities Yes Yes Yes

Govt. Hospital and Govt. Hospital and Govt. Hospital and Adequate health dispensaries would dispensaries would dispensaries would facilities cater to all the slums cater to all the slums cater to all the slums

8.8 URBAN GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Sector Goal: Well managed city with proactive and proficient staff

Key areas which would be addressed by detailed strategies and action plan to meet the sectoral goal are provided in Table 8-10.

TABLE 8-10: URBAN GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

No. Achievement Target 2017 2027 2037 1 Decentralization of urban functions to local bodies 100% 100% 100% 2 Establish clarity of roles and responsibilities. 100% 100% 100% 3 Training to enhance capacity building. 100% 100% 100% 4 People‟s Participation in Governance 50% 80% 100%

To achieve these goals detailed strategies will be discussed in our next submission on the Strategies and Prioritization.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 89 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

9.0 PROPOSED PROJECTS FOR STRATEGIC GROWTH AND BRIDGING THE DEMAND GAPS

In Khirkiya, the development can be channelized only by strengthening the present infrastructure in each sector. For sector specific development, it is necessary that each sector must be assessed individually, which is already done in “Sector analysis report”. The sector wise present supply and demand have been evaluated and gaps are also identified as per both medium and long term perspective. City vision and sectoral goals were also discussed in stakeholder consultation on 15 February 2012. Sector specific projects has been listed which have been arrived at in consultation with Khirkiya Nagar Parishad, stakeholders and on the basis of the demand-gap assessment.

9.1 Planning concept

In Chapter 3 the existing development pattern of Khirkiya has been discussed. The observations are:  Uneven development  Town developed in two locations : one as Chippawad and another as Khirkiya  Chippawad is located on SH 15 and Khirkiya is developed around Khirkiya Railway station.  Infrastructure is not well distributed  Railway line is hindering growth in north  Internal road network in around Khirkiya is acceptable, but in Chippawad the streets are narrow.  Commercial, trading, educational, health and administrative activities are not located at optimum location  Present Commercial activities are causing traffic congestion on major roads like SH 15 and Main road. 9.1.1 Concept Basic concept adapted for planning of Khirkiya is to develop town in all directions. This will include the upgraded and efficient road network connecting all corners of town and also decongest the congested areas. Activities must be located at optimum distance and locations to serve whole population of town.

Major features:  Bypass is taken from south of Chippawad to divert traffic from congested junction of Sh 15 and main Khirkiya road.  Northern part of Railway line has been connected from other two locations to increase accessibility in this part and also to decongest railway crossing.  Educational and health institutes are located around the grain market and bus terminus.  Bus terminus is propsed in middle of Chippawad and Khirkiya to facilitate public from both side.  Mela ground and college are located near the bus stand to facilitate people coming from nearby areas and also to avoid congestion in town during festivals and fairs.  Truck terminal is located in east of SH 15 to reduce unnecessary movement of truck and heavy vehicles in town.

The development pattern of town for next 25 years is shown in Figure 9-1. It also predicts the development direction after 25 years.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 90 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 9-1 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PATTERN, KHIRKIYA

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 91 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

9.2 Development strategy for civic infrastructure

The strategic approach for development of civic infrastructure includes sector wise growth. For the benefit of local people and also considering their major problematic sectors, a strategic approach has been adopted in which stakeholders are asked to set priority for each sector which they want to develop first. As per the discussion at stakeholder consultation the sectoral priority list has been finalized which is listed below:

TABLE 9-1 SECTORAL PRIORITY Priority Sector 1 Water supply 2 Sewerage system 3 Sanitation 4 Solid waste management 5 Drainage system 6 Roads and transportation 7 Urban Poor and their Accessibility to Basic Services 8 Social infrastructure a. Education b. Health 9 Street lighting 10 Fire fighting Source: Stake holder consultation

9.2.1 WATER SUPPLY In stakeholder consultation, water supply for town was set at the highest priority. The sector analysis report presented the present scenario in which water supply in town is about 50 LPCD which is very less than the standard set by UDPFI guidelines of 135 LPCD. In order to improve the water supply situation in the Nagar Parishad within a specific plan period, the consultant has arrived at a core strategy which needs to be adopted and also the list of projects which would have to be taken up such that existing and future requirement for water is adequately met. Core strategy The core strategy adopted by consultant is to fill the gaps for present and future demand by an alternate water source and also to limit the usage of ground water. Strategy adopted for augmentation of water supply as per demand for 2037and provision for the same is needed to be made by 2017. The systems and infrastructure would therefore have to be designed such that the long term needs are addressed and planned for by 2017. The broad strategy for water supply is: Identification of projects addressing the future demand which the Nagar Parishad would have to take up in the short run for which necessary investments will also have to be planned.

Long term and short term sector interventions required The table below presents the broad strategies being proposed to address the gaps identified in the existing levels

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 92 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Water supply source requires to be increased to 4.56 MLD to meet both the current and future demand for water supply. The water storage capacity would also have to be increased keeping in perspective the long-term planning requirements. Sector Elevated storage capacity of 6.65 lakh litre is need to add in present 8.35 lakh Interventions litre available capacity. Required Refurbishment of the old dilapidated distribution network has to be planned to reduce the loss in transmission. Treatment plant of 4.56 MLD has to be provided for water treatment. To improve the revenue from water charges, complete metering has to be executed. Assured 135 lpcd water supplies to 100% HSCs within the municipal limit Expected Improvement in water quality Outcome Improvement in the revenue from water charges, enhanced service delivery

For meeting the demand arising in 2037, the following sub projects are being recommended and would have to be executed by the ULB by 2017.

TABLE 9-2 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED BY ULB AND CONSULTANT FOR WATER SECTOR

ULB’s Suggestion Project’s Proposed Scheme to increase the per capita supply of Integrated Water supply Scheme for Khirkiya water

Project Rationale Sub- Projects Water supply in the town not adequate to meet Water Supply source augmentation by 4.56 the existing and future demand MLD.

No treatment plant as town is relying on ground Water supply scheme from Machak River and water. treatment plant is also need to setup.

Revenues from water charges are not adequate Development of water treatment facility of 4.56 and the installation of water meters becomes MLD capacity important both from the perspective of raising revenues and checking water consumption Construction of Additional distribution network of 15 km

Install metering systems to all HHs

Proposed Water supply scheme:

The proposed water supply scheme will bring additional 3.4 MLD of water from Machak River with the total cost of Rs.12.25 crore. The project will have following components: - About 8.5 km long pipe of 750mm diameter will be required to bring water from Narmada.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 93 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

- Pumping stations will be required to pump water to water treatment plant as destination is located at higher level than source. - Construction of rapid gravity water treatment plant in the east of town of 4.56 MLD capacities. - Construction of 3 OHT each of 2.5 lakh litre capacity at various locations - Distribution network of 4”, 6” & 8” diameter pipeline in several parts of town.

Details of Sub-projects to be undertaken

Water source augmentation The Nagar Parishad needs to design water supply system whereby the total water supply in the town is increased to a total of 4.56 MLD by 2037. - At the present status of 50 LPCD, Nagar Parishad needs to look for additional water source other than ground water for meeting both the existing and future demand. The additional water requirement can be met by adopting either of the following options: - Drawing water from Machak River which is about 10 km from Khirkiya. - Local water bodies Chippawad Talab need to be connected and sourcing water from Machak River, rain water harvesting and flood water from natural drains.

Water Treatment Facility A water treatment plant with a total capacity of 4.56 MLD would have to be constructed. At present the Nagar Parishad has no treatment plant, the construction of one is of utmost priority. However, the capacity of the treatment plant to be constructed would have to be decided upon only after a detailed investigation. Distribution Network At present, city has about 14.0 km of distribution of network, which need to be increased to 29.0 km by 2037. In short term till 2017, there is needed to construct about 22.0 km of distribution network. Out of the existing network, about 40% needs renovation. These renovation activities would have to be carried on in tandem with the other sub-projects under water supply. Elevated Storage Capacity As per the prescribed norms, 33% of net water requirement should be the Elevated storage capacity which at present is around 72% for the Khirkiya. Khirkiya needs to augment the existing storage capacity by 0.29 for 2017. In the long term, Khirkiya would need to add another 0.38 ML to take the storage capacity to 1.5 ML by 2037.

Installation of special water taps for public stand post All taps at public stand post need to replace by special taps to prevent theft of stop cocks and water losses during supply hours. The cocks need to be installed beneath ground which will operate only when pressure is applied by water container or person standing over it.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 94 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 9-2 SPECIAL WATER TAP

Installation of water meters At present there are 1935 total water supply connections, all of which are non-metered. The water supply improvement scheme would have to make provisions for metering of the all the connection in all the existing and future connection. However, it is suggested that the same to be taken up by year 2017.

Energy efficiency in water supply system Currently operation and maintenance of water supply system is one of the main expenditure head for the ULB. Hence energy efficiency measures can be taken up to reduce the operative expenses.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 95 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 9-3 PROPOSED WATER SUPPLY SCHEME FOR KHIRKIYA

INDIRA SAGAR Purposed Raw Water RESERVOIR Pumping Station

Proposed WTP

KHIRKIYA

Purposed Pipeline

ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN WATER SUPPLY

Municipal water and sewage pumping consumes significant amount of electricity. These areas also lack control leading to losses by inefficient planning and management.

Reasons for high energy consumption in water supply are faulty design system causing excessive pumping requirement, wrong equipment selection leading to higher energy expenses, pump operations (ON/OFF during pumping requirement) has been found faulty, causing higher energy requirements, high maintenance requirement and motor damage due to „Dry Run‟ condition

Following measures can be taken for reducing energy consumption in water supply  Demand side management by identifying period of peak and lean demand, vis-à-vis altering supplies;  Regulating demand by awareness and water pricing;  Efficient design system considering site topography allowing maximum flow through gravity;  Retrofit and technology up gradation;  Applying timer systems to pumping units reducing human involvement for pump On/OFF management;  Timely maintenance; and  Renewable energy resource usage

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 96 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

RAIN WATER HARVESTING Rain water harvesting is the preservation of rain water from catchment surface in wells/tanks/aquifers for utilization of demand and groundwater recharging.

Recharging of Ground Water: Artificial recharge to ground water is a process by which the ground water reservoir is augmented at a rate exceeding that obtaining under natural conditions or replenishment.

Two main rain water harvesting techniques are . Storage of rainwater on surface for future use. . Recharge to ground water.

Need of Rain water harvesting . Surface water is limited and depletion of ground water sources directing towards usage of rain water harvesting . Intensive urbanization, hard pavement and dedicated storm water drainage system leads high surface runoff to bigger drains and rivers and also obstructing natural seepage and infiltration of rain water to ground water.

Rain water can be store by using traditional techniques and structures like underground tanks, ponds, check dams, weirs etc. Recharge to ground water is a new concept of rain water harvesting and the structures generally used are:- 1. Pits: Recharge pits are constructed for recharging the shallow aquifer. These are constructed 1 to 2 m, wide and to 3 m. deep which are back filled with boulders, gravels, coarse sand.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 97 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

2. Trenches: These are constructed when the permeable stram is available at shallow depth. Trench may be 0.5 to 1 m. wide, 1 to 1.5m. deep and 10 to 20 m. long depending up availability of water. These are back filled with filter.

3. Dug wells: Existing dug wells may be utilised as recharge structure and water should pass through filter media before putting into dug well. 4. Hand pumps: The existing hand pumps may be used for recharging the shallow/deep aquifers, if the availability of water is limited. Water should pass through filter media before diverting it into hand pumps.

5. Recharge wells: Recharge wells of 100 to 300 mm. diameter are generally constructed for recharging the deeper aquifers and water is passed through filter media to avoid choking of recharge wells.

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6. Recharge Shafts: For recharging the shallow aquifer which are located below clayey surface, recharge shafts of 0.5 to 3 m. diameter and 10 to 15 m. deep are constructed and back filled with boulders, gravels & coarse sand. 7. Lateral shafts with bore wells: For recharging the upper as well as deeper aquifers lateral shafts of 1.5 to 2 m. wide & 10 to 30 m. long depending upon availability of water with one or two bore wells are constructed. The lateral shafts is back filled with boulders, gravels & coarse sand. 8. Spreading techniques: When permeable strata start from top then this technique is used. Spread the water in streams/Nalas by making check dams, nala bunds, cement plugs, gabion structures or a percolation pond may be constructed.

Methods of artificial recharge in urban areas: . Water spreading . Recharge through pits, trenches, wells, shafts . Rooftop collection of rainwater . Roadtop collection of rainwater . Induced recharge from surface water bodies

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 99 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 9-4 PROPOSED WATER SUPPLY NETWORK, KHIRKIYA

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 100 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 9-5 MAP SHOWING WATER SUPPLY SCHEME, KHIRKIYA

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 101 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

9.2.2 SEWERAGE SYSTEM In Khirkiya there is no sewerage system network. On the basis of both the demand–gap assessment of the sewerage network and the consultation process with the ULB officials and the stakeholders, the need for developing a sewerage network in the town is placed at 2nd in priority list.

Core Strategy The core strategy for developing sewerage system in Khirkiya is the underground sewerage network installed along internal and the main roads which finally connects to community septic tanks (Decentralized Sewage Treatment System (DEWATS)) or the Sewerage Treatment Plant, depending on the local area topography. All community septic tanks will finally dispose their waste in Sewerage Treatment Plant.

The planning for development of sewerage network would have to consider the demand arising in 2037 and make necessary provisions for the same by 2017. The systems and infrastructure would therefore have to be designed such that the long term needs are addressed and planned for by 2017. The broad strategy therefore has been to identify the projects addressing the future demand which the Nagar Parishad would have to take up in the short run for which necessary investments will also have to be planned for.

Long term and Short term sector interventions required

The table below presents the broad strategies being proposed to address the gaps identified in the existing levels

Laying of underground drainage system of 30.42 km to cover the population of 2037. Sector Construction of a sewerage system which can handle a capacity of 3.83 MLD Interventions by 2037 Required Treatment systems like DEWATS or centralized sewage treatment system should be provided to facilitate environmentally safe disposal

Expected Synchronisation with water supply capacity, ability to meet service level targets Outcome and disposal norms

For meeting the demand arising in 2037, the following sub projects are recommended and would have to be executed by the ULB by 2017.

TABLE 9-3: PROJECTS IDENTIFIED BY FOR SEWERAGE SECTOR ULB’s Suggestion Project’s Proposed Scheme for laying of underground sewerage Sewerage scheme for the Khirkiya town and network for the town community septic tanks (DEWATS) Project Rationale Sub- Projects The sewerage system in the town consists of Installation of sewerage network of a total length septic tanks, soaks pits, open surface drainages of 22.77 km by 2017 and additional 30.42 km by and finally disposes into the natural drains or 2037.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 102 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh ponds. The town consumes about 4.56 MLD of water (surface water) and after usage the waste Construction of Sewerage treatment systems water is discharged into the drains. About 3.65 with a total capacity of 3.65 MLD. Out of which MLD of sewerage (80 percent of water supply about 2.73 MLD should be developed by 2017. as per CPHEEO norms) is estimated to be generated in the town. Sewerage system will include Construction of DEWATS/bio-gas tanks/septic tanks at local level. These system will treat about 0.63MLD of sewerage by 2017.

Setting up of Sewerage Treatment plant of about 1.15 MLD capacity by 2037

Details of Sub-projects to be undertaken: The Sewerage Scheme which would be commissioned would have to make provisions for the following sub components:

Sewerage Design Concept: While developing proposals, it has been consider that sewerage system to present population will be provided via Community septic tanks/DEWATS. Areas developing in future will be connected to sewerage treatment plant via proper designed underground sewerage network. Several DEWATS will treat about 0.63 MLD of sewage and sewerage treatment plant will have capacity of treat 1.15 MLD sewage by 2037

Laying of underground sewerage network: The construction of the sewer network shall be done taking into consideration the factors of existing and future water supply to the town and the population size being catered to. The capacity of the system has been estimated at 3.65 MLD (80% of the future water supply) and the length of the network has been estimated at 30.42 km. Both these capacity and network parameters have taken into consideration the demand arising in the year 2037 and provisions would have to be made for the same by 2017.

Sewerage Treatment Plant: As an integral part of comprehensive sewerage system, a sewerage treatment plant of 1.15 MLD for future development areas would have to be developed for the safe disposal of wastewater. This sewerage plant capacity will take into account the demand generated in the year 2037. Setting up of Community septic tanks and bio-gas plant (DEWATS): Areas with difficult topography areas and congested areas are best suited by community septic bio-gas plants. 15 community septic tanks/DEWATS would be constructed considering the problematic areas by 2017. One DEWAT will serve 300 households and wl be located in open area. Total capacity of sewerage treated by DEWATS will be 0.63 MLD i.e. only soil waste.

DEWATS system for management of natural surface water drains, therefore, provides a system to treat the wastewater flowing through the natural surface water drains, which is cost effective, both in terms of capital investment and maintenance needs. The system should also be capable of taking variable loads considering the proposed development of wastewater infrastructure within the town that over the time will reduce the wastewater load into the drains. A short note on the system is provided in following section.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 103 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

DEWATS system for waste water treatment Relatively simple wastewater treatment techniques can be designed to provide environmental protection while providing additional benefits from the reuse of water. These techniques use natural processes of pollutant removal including sedimentation, bio-filtration, followed by nutrient removal using aquatic and terrestrial systems. These can be successfully used to treat a variety of wastewaters and function under a wide range of weather conditions. Terrestrial systems make use of the nutrients contained in wastewaters. Plant growth and soil adsorption convert biologically available nutrients into less-available forms of biomass, which can be harvested for a variety of uses. The advantages of decentralized approach are: - Water quality protection of a greater length of waterway - Lower Capital and O&M costs of individual treatment units - Lower environmental impacts - Lower risk of overall system failure - Compatibility with a staged approach to implementation - Less or no power requirements by adopting units such as bio-filters and constructed wetlands, etc.

The proposed wastewater treatment facility is divided in three major components. - Primary unit, for the removal of grit and large objects by physical separation. The main elements of this component include screen chamber and grit chamber - Secondary unit, for converting organic components into stable end products through microbiological process - Tertiary unit, for removal of pathogens and nutrients (especially nitrogen and phosphorous) through anoxic microbiological process.

A proposed treatment scheme is presented in following Figure

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 104 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Raw Wastewater Influent Screens Physical removal of large size particles/ objects

Removal of Inert Solids Grit removal by Gravity Preliminary Residuals A (i.e., grit, rags, etc.) Removal of Suspended Primary Settling Solids by Gravity Tanks

Removal of organic matter Biological - B Primary Sludge (Attached growth System e.g. Treatment Trickling Filter) For Disposal System

Removal of residual organic matter WetlandClarifier And nutrients (Constructed Wetland.)

Treated Wastewater Effluent Discharge to Receiving Waters

Septage management: It is the management of sewage/sludge overflowing from septic tanks and soak pits creating unhygienic condition in and around treatment system.

The treatment and disposal methods of septage can be conventional or non conventional. The conventional methods are the most widely used and they serve the purpose of treatment of sludge and effluent whereas non conventional method is the improved version of sewerage management which reduce the level of pollution and are more sustainable.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 105 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 9-6 SEPTAGE MANAGEMENT

DOMESTIC SEPTAGE

Non-Conventional Conventional Method Method

Pumped or Trucked DECENTRALIZED WASTE WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM (DEWATS) Pretreatment/Screening Improved septic tank/Anaerobic baffled Lime Anaerobic Aerobic reactor Composting Stabilization Digestion Digestion Constructed Wetlands (CW)

Treatment 1. Horizontal Flow CW 2. Vertical Flow CW

Municipal Waste Water Independent Septage Land Application Treatment Plant/ Sludge Disposal/Reuse Treatment Facility Centralized Treatment

Liquid Effluent Surface Subsurface Disposal/Reuse Burial application incorporation

Choosing an appropriate septage management method relies on various factors such as technical aspect, land availability and site conditions, buffer zone requirements, hauling distance, fuel costs, labor costs, costs of disposal and other legal and regulatory requirements. As per the study of various methods for treatment of sewerage it has been observed that non conventional method of treatment is better way to treat sewerage as it reduces the level of air and water pollution, no manual handling of waste, reuse of waste and water for fertilizer and irrigation purpose and sustainable in long run. As per the requirement the system can be established at individual HH level or for group of HHs at community level. Due to shortage of land and compact settlement pattern in Khirkiya town, community level DEWAT system has been suggested.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 106 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 9-7 PROPOSED SEWERAGE NETWORK AND COMMUNITY SEPTIC TANKS, KHIRKIYA

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 107 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 9-8 MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF STP, KHIRKIYA

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 108 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

9.2.3 SANITATION

Public Convenience Systems: To provide safe and sufficient sanitation facilities to the floating population and slum population around 73 additional public toilet seats needs to be added till 2017 and it that will be enough till 2037 because it assumed that by 2037, population under BPL category will get reduced significantly.

9.2.4 ROADS, TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT AND STREET LIGHTING The road and transportation sector of Khirkiya is already assessed in “Sector analysis report” in which quality of roads, length of roads, point of congestion and effective width of roads were identified. The assessment highlighted the great need of improvement on priority basis. This is also in line with the demand for road up gradation put forth by the stakeholders during the workshop. The areas of total road length, the quality of the roads, and the component of street lighting has to be addressed in the strategy evolved for addressing this sector. To address the issues highlighted in the sector analysis, the strategy to be pursued has been elaborated below.

Core Strategy To improve the condition of Khirkiya‟s lifelines, the core strategy adopted is the decongesting of traffic on major roads. This can be done by increasing the width of roads, provision of bypass, flyover, over bridge and parking areas.

At present only 0.30 sqkm area, which is 3.00% of total municipal area is under road and transportation, which also includes area under railway station and railway line. Based on road details provided by the Nagar Parishad, existing average road width comes to 6 m.

It has been envisaged that the land under transportation should be increased to 0.75 Sqkm by increasing the transportation area from 3.00% to 8% of the municipal area by the year 2017, which includes 5% of the land under parking areas. In addition to this, land under transportation in non- industrial wards should be gradually increased to 10% by year 2027 and to 12% by year 2037. For the future development of the roads, average width of 7.5 m has been assumed.

Long term and Short term sector interventions required The broad sector interventions to address both the short and long term requirements have been enlisted below:

New roads to cater to missing links and developing areas: total road length reaching 25.30 km in 2017 and 33.80 km by 2037 Sector Improved bus stand and related amenities Interventions Connectivity on other side of railway line is to be improved Required Increase in the number of high power and high mast lamps and installations of more streetlights w.r.t to roads

Expected Improved connectivity, hassle-free travel on roads and safe driving during nights Outcome

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 109 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Following are the projects proposed during the stakeholder consultation and also based on the rapid urban assessment carried out for the town.

TABLE 9-4 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED FOR ROADS &TRANSPORT SECTOR ULB’s Suggestion Project Rationale Project’s Proposed Upgradation of roads to The current area under the Construction of 3.54 km of cement concrete (CC) roads transportation is very less additional roads by 2017 and in a few identified wards than the norms; also the type further 8.5 km by 2037. of road needs to be improved. Upgradation of bus stand and Bypassing the SH 15 from both related amenities Keeping in view the growth Khirkiya and Chippawad and also of the town the total road forming a ring road around both to length needs to be extended decongest the traffic, providing alternate route and also directing the development in other areas.

Road up gradation: Widening of Bus stand road, road to cinema hall, road from Gandhi Chowk to Tehsil office to cotton mill and road from Gandhi bhawan chowk to Masjid.

Planning concept: In Khirkiya road network is designed in such a way that traffic volume from congested roads and junction shall get reduced, connectivity of every part of town should be excellent and traffic flow should be smooth. The road network will also pursue development in areas which are inaccessible at present i.e. south of railway line. The road network is comprises of 60m wide road at periphery, 32m wide internal road and 24 m wide connecting road. All present major roads like SH 15, main Khirkiya road are proposed to widen to 60m. Other important road will be widen to 32m and 24m.

Details of sub-projects to be undertaken:

Road Construction: Nagar Parishad would have to construct 13.14 km of additional cement concrete (CC) roads by 2017. Nagar Parishad would on a priority basis identify the stretches and areas where roads at present do not exist and or have poor connectivity. Also for the areas where future residential growth is anticipated or being planned for, road construction can be undertaken. There has also been a proposal to construct a bypass road to restrict the entry of passing traffic through the town.

Road up gradation: The road up gradation may be taken up in two phases coinciding with the two planning periods of the year 2017 and 2037 respectively. The priority streets may be taken up in addition to the up gradation of roads as identified in the assessment of the roads by the Nagar Parishad.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 110 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Provision of bypass: To de congest the main core commercial area near railway crossing and junction at Chippawad falling on SH 15. Bypassing the town is the best option. Bypass will begin from east of SH 15 and connects again SH 15 in west i.e. bypassing the Chippawad. The bypass will also connect Khirkiya from two location and also access area in north of railway line. The bypass will make a ring around the town to divert the additional traffic which is not related to town. The ring road will require 8.83 km of 4 lane roads, 1 rail over bridges and 1 rail under bridge.

New bus stand: The bus stand of the Nagar Parishad would need to shift at other location as there is no formal space allocate for bus stand. It has been pointed out in the stakeholder consultations. The new bus stand must be equipped with additional bus bay facilities and commercial shopping complexes. New us stand is proposed in the middle of Khirkiya and Chippawad.

ROB proposed: 1 RoBs and 1 rail under bridge need to be constructed on the railway line to increase the accessibility of other part of the town.

Development of parking areas: Two parking lots for the capacity of 50 vehicles each to be developed. One parking lot is proposed near the bus stand to facilitate parking to commercial area and another parking area is proposed near the Chippawad settlement.

Use of energy efficient lighting: Increase in the number of high power and high mast lamps and incorporation of measure to bring efficiency in streetlights.

Truck terminal: Truck terminal is proposed in east of SH 15 to to keep trucks and heavy vehicles out of town.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 111 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 9-9 PROPOSED ROAD NETWORK, KHIRKIYA

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 112 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

9.2.5 STREET LIGHTING: Use of energy efficient lighting: Increase in the number of high power and high mast lamps and incorporation of measure to bring efficiency in streetlights.

Street lighting is a mandatory municipal service obligation of the ULB and can be taken up as an area for improvement through better supply side management and efficient operative measures.

Supply side management can be achieved by efficient design considering lighting requirement, selection of suitable luminaries, spacing of streetlight, height of streetlights and use of modern techniques to cut down wastages.

Some of the operative measures are; . replacement of old conductors and feeder controls; . replacement of inefficient technologies with the robust ones like use of CFL and LED lamps instead of sodium vapour pressure lamps; . use of automatically dimming systems (by installing time-of-day switches and electronic timers) in less critical areas such as parking garages, non-critical streets, warehouses and supermarkets; . use of solar lighting ; and . use of solar blinkers/ traffic lights . biomass /bio gas based generators

Upgrading street lighting systems have been supported by agencies at the national and international levels. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Govt. of India and Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) are some of the national agencies providing assistance and aid to set up such energy efficient lighting system. Carbon funding can also be considered as a funding mechanism which supports such energy conservation projects by rewarding monetary benefits for each ton of carbon dioxide avoided by reduction of electricity usage by efficient street lighting mechanisms.

Proposal: All present fixtures need to be replaced from solar street lighting system and all new fixtures in future must be solar street lights.

Solar lighting: These are the street lighting system based on solar power along with battery and sensors. The system stores energy in daytime and delivery light at night. The system is equipped with CFL or LED lighting fixture for efficient and prolong use. The system will cost around Rs. 10000 to Rs. 12000 per solar lighting system: In India there are several companies who are manufacturing such products. Some of the companies are: 1. Tata BP Solar India Ltd 2. Moser Baer Photovoltaic Ltd 3. Reliance Solar Group 4. Indo Solar Ltd 5. PLG Power Ltd 6. Central Electronics Ltd 7. Maharishi Solar Technology (P) Ltd 8. Titan Energy Systems Ltd 9. Websol Energy Systems Ltd 10. Gautam Polymers

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 113 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Street lighting system: (By Tata BP solar) 1. Solar ibeam – LED lighting: Luminaire - 7W / 14W LED Solar module Sealed maintenance free battery Battery box integrated to the pole Solar charge controller Pole Arm Support structure, array cable, battery cable 2. Margadeep CFL: Luminaire - 11W CFL Solar module Flooded, thick plate, low maintenance battery Solar charge controller Pole Arm Battery box Support structure, array cable, battery cable

Solar ibeam – LED lighting Solar ibeam – LED lighting Margadeep CFL

9.2.6 STORM WATER DRAINAGE Khirkiya has 3 primary drains known as Chowkdi road drain, Sindwala baba drain and Ward 10 drain passing from different areas of town. The above mentioned drains are primary and secondary both, as Khirkiya doesn‟t have any major single drain. Chowkadi Drain passes from the south-west of Chippawad and merge into the ward 10 drain, ward 10 drain paasing from the middle of Chippawad and Khirkiya. And last Sindwala bada drain is flowing in the north of town near cotton industries. Existing length of road side tertiary drain is about 24.0 km, out of which 20.0 km is pucca and about 4.0 km is earthen, which is 118% of the total road length. As against a desired level of coverage of 150% of the road network, the current coverage is low. As the town lacks a proper drainage system, the rain water finds its way through the streets and main market into kutcha nallahs/ natural drains. On the basis of the assessment and the outcome of the stakeholder consultation held at the Nagar Parishad, construction and laying of a new drainage network has been proposed. To address the issues highlighted in the rapid assessment, the strategy to be pursued has been elaborated below.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 114 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Core strategy To improve the drainage system in town, the core strategy adopted is to improve present drainage network by increasing the coverage network up to 150% of road network for both 2017 and 2037 and upgrading the kutcha drains to closed pucca drains. The existing gaps and the demand arising for the year 2017 may be taken up as priority projects. The suggestions which had been put forth in the stakeholder consultation would have been clubbed under the category of short term requirements and the long term requirements (2037) should be addressed by the Nagar Parishad in the second phase.

Long term and Short term sector interventions required: The broad sector interventions to address both the short and long term requirements have been enlisted below:

Cleaning/ desilting of the existing natural drains, this will also include the removal of encroachments. Sector Interventions Upgradation of the existing storm water drains to pucca closed drains by Required 2017. Construction of drains of about 43.94 km by 2037, which includes 29.44 km of pucca closed and about 14.50 km of pucca open drains.

Expected Outcome Universal coverage and disposal capacity

Following are the projects proposed during the stakeholder consultation and also based on the rapid urban assessment carried out by the consultant.

TABLE 9-5 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED FOR STORM WATER DRAINAGE ULB’s Suggestion Project’s Proposed Scheme for laying of storm water drainage Storm Water Drainage network for the town of network for the town Khirkiya

Project Rationale Sub- Projects According to normative standards, the length of Cleaning/ desilting of the existing natural drains, the drains are assumed at 150% of road length this will also include the removal of considering all divided roads to have drains on encroachments. either side and undivided roads on at least one side. Likewise the total drain length in the town Up gradation of the existing storm water drains shall be of about 43.94 km. Further the drains to in the initial phase shall be open and - Pucca Closed drains by 2017. subsequently will be made closed; hence the - Kutcha to pucca open – 4.0 km investment is towards upgradation annually and - Pucca open to pucca closed – 20.00 km for construction of new closed drains. All existing open drains shall be first upgraded to Construction of Total drains of about 32.89 km closed drains and subsequently new drains shall by 2017, which includes 22.03 km of pucca be constructed. closed and about 10.85 km of pucca open drains.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 115 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Prominently, all the road and storm water Augmentation of drainage network length by projects are to be taken up simultaneously to 11.05 km post 2017 to meet the demand of 2037. match the levels of the roads with the drains and allow draining of rain water from the city. Construction of Root-zone treatment system on Secondary drains of 1.88 MLD capacity

Details of sub-projects to be undertaken

Construction of storm water drains: The Nagar Parishad needs to undertake installation of 32.89 km of pucca drains by 2017, which includes 22.03 km of pucca closed and about 10.85 km of pucca open drains. In addition to the construction of pucca closed drains, the Nagar Parishad is required to construct 11.05 km of pucca drains, such that by 2037 the total length of storm water drains at Khirkiya reaches the required level of 43.94 km. This construction may be done in tandem for the new roads and the existing road upgradation activities which the Nagar Parishad has to construct. These construction activities would have to be carried out on an immediate basis to address the existing and future demand-supply gap.

Upgradation of existing drains: The Nagar Parishad is also required to undertake drain upgradation works for the existing drains in town. The upgradation activities need to be carried out as mentioned in the list of sub projects mentioned above.

Construction of Root-zone treatment system: As kitchen waste and washing waste are also carried by open drains, the primary drains are getting polluted. There is need to install Root-zone treatment system on discharge points of secondary drains. All the 3 drains of Khirkiya can be made better by this system. The Rootzone system will treat about 1.88 MLD of waste water.

Root Zone Treatment Systems (RZTS) are artificially prepared wetlands comprising of clay or plastic lined excavation and emergent vegetation growing on gravel/sand mixtures and is also known as constructed wetland. This method combines mechanical filtration, chemical precipitation and biological degradation in one step for the treatment of wastewater. A number of factors like low operating cost, less energy requirement and ease of maintenance attribute to making root zone system an attractive alternative for wastewater management.

The process in a root zone system to treat the sewage begins with passing the raw effluent (after removing grit or floating material) horizontally or vertically through a bed of soil having impervious bottom. The effluent percolates through the bed that has all the roots of the wetland plants spread very thickly, nearly 2,500 types of bacteria and 10,000 types of Fungi, which harbor around roots get oxygen form the weak membranes of the roots and aerobically oxidize the organic matter of the effluent. The characteristics of plants of absorbing oxygen through their leaves and passing it down to roots through their stems which are hollow, is utilized as a bio-pump. Away from the roots, anaerobic digestion also takes place. The filtering action of the soil bed, the action with fungi etc. and chemical action with certain existing or added inorganic chemicals help in finally obtaining very clear and clean water. The system of plants regenerates itself as the old plants die and form useful humus. Hence, the system becomes maintenance free and can run up to 50 to 60 years without any loss of efficiency.

Advantages:

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 116 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

• With no use of machinery and associated maintenance, the root zone system provides for low maintenance cost and negligible attendance for operation and monitoring • It enhances the landscape and gives the site a green appeal • It provides natural habitat for birds and after a few years gives an appearance of a Bird‟s sanctuary • It is a green zone, it does not have mosquitoes problem. • Salinity may not be a problem for a survival or operations of reed beds • It is recommended to combine vertical flow and then horizontal flow of sewage with a soil having impervious bottom • In the horizontal flow system, the sewage percolates through bed and that has all roots of the wetland plants spread very thickly nearly with 2500 types of bacteria and 10,000 types of fungi and aerobically oxidized organic matter of the effluent. • Root zone system gives a very good performance of removing 90% BOD and 63% Nitrogen.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 117 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

A. VERTICAL FLOW SYSTEM

Reeds

Inlet Flow direction

Inflow Outflow distribution collection system system

Gravel Outlet Liner Bed media Gravel

B. HORIZONTAL FLOW SYSTEM

Reeds

Inflow distribution Inlet system Flow direction

Outlet

Outflow Gravel Bed media Liner collection system

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 118 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

SUCCESSFUL CASE STUDIES FOR RZTS

1. Reed Bed implementation at Aquamall, Deharadun

Objective: Reuse of sewage water for irrigation purpose at Aquamall Water Solutions Ltd., Deharadun, Uttarakhand Results:  7m3/day of waste water is treated naturally through living bodies (plants and reused for irrigation purposes  The treatment area gives a picturesque garden-like appearance  no sludge generation

2. Root Zone Treatment System in Kachhpura, Agra

Objective: Treatment of 50kl of waste water to bring down BOD levels to acceptable levels prior to reuse in urban agriculture and safe disposal of the compliant effluent into the river, towards a cleaner Yamuna. Results  Decentralized, natural – three - step bioremediation process;  Treats 50kl, links 8 slums, reduces BOD from 250ppm to < 30ppm  Community monitoring  Private sector funds; 25000 usd  Generates jobs in community

3. Root Zone Treatment System Ravindranagar, , Madhya Pradesh

Objective: At Ravindranagar in Ujjain, about 13 to 14 cu m of wastewater generated from 400 households is treated using Root Zone System. The system was set up in 1997 at a cost of Rs 54,000. Results: Within the first year of its operation, the root zone system achieves a removal efficiency of 78% of ammonia and TSS, 58-68% removal of phosphorous, BOD and TKN in the aerobic rootzone gravel with an enhanced 34% DO in the effluent.

4. Mughal Sheraton Hotel, Agra

Objective: In the Mughal Sheraton Hotel, Agra, wastewater is treated using Soil Biotechnology (SBT) system of 400 kld capacity, which was implemented by Enhanced Wapp System, Delhi. Results Around 400 kld of wastewater is treated onsite and reused locally for irrigation purposes thereby saving a considerable amount of fresh water.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 119 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

List of consultants and agencies for RZTS providers:

Name Adress Place Tel/Fax Mail Billore, Professor Vikram University, 0734-

Prof. Dr. Institure of Environment Ujjain [email protected] 2511226 S.K Management and Plant Science Central 044-4916351 Leather

Adyar Chennai Fax- [email protected] Research 24911589 Institute Central 011-2221955, Pollution Parvish Bhavan East arjun

Delhi 011- [email protected] Control Nagar 22305792 Board Centre for

Environmen Anna University Chennai 044-2354717 [email protected] t Studies Centre for

Scientific Auroshilpam Auroville 0413-622168 [email protected] Research Joshi, Dr. Unido 1st Floor, TNPCB, 100,

Chennai 044-2353158 [email protected] Himanshu Anna Salai Mankoottathil Diwan Road

Inspiration Cochin 0484-353402 [email protected] Emakulam Ion Tiecicon House, Dr. E Moses [email protected] Exchange Mumbai 022-4939520

Road, Mahalaxmi n India Ltd. Tata Energy New Research Habitat Centre Delhi Institute V.K.Kapoor Netaji Azad Hind Fauz Marg, Sector 3 New 011-

Subhash [email protected] Dwarka Delhi 25099056 Institute of Technology

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 120 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 9-10 PROPOSED DRAINAGE NETWORK, KHIRKIYA

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 121 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 9-11 DISILTING OF DRAIN, KHIRKIYA

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 122 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

9.2.7 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT The assessment of the solid waste management sector has revealed that the projects which the Nagar Parishad has to undertake are to meet the demands of the future. The demand-gap assessment presented earlier indicates generation of 8.45 TPD of waste in the town by the year 2037 against the current generation of 5.79 TPD. By the year 2017, the generation is estimated to be 6.32 TPD.

As of today, the Nagar Parishad has adequate vehicle carrying capacity to ensure efficient collection of waste. However, keeping in mind future waste generation, the Nagar Parishad needs to plan to increase the area for disposing off the waste and also augment the infrastructure at the landfill site. Core Strategy In order to facilitate improved solid waste management, the Nagar Parishad would have to focus on two aspects, one the adoption of better practices to ensure proper collection, segregation and disposal of waste and the second being augmentation of the existing infrastructure. The current status of the infrastructure needs to be improved by increasing the equipment required for effectively handling the waste and most importantly developing an adequate landfill site. Apart from the focus on augmenting the resources, the Nagar Parishad would be required to train its conservancy staff to carry out the tasks effectively. Immediate priority needs to be placed on improving the skills of the conservancy staff and also to increase.

Long term and Short term sector interventions required: The broad sector interventions to address both the short and long term requirements have been enlisted below: Upgradation of the infrastructure required for effective collection and disposal of Sector waste Interventions Adoption of scientific technology for disposal of waste Required Improve the skills of the conservancy staff Expected Hygienic conditions and a clean city Outcome

Following are the projects proposed during the stakeholder consultation and also based on the rapid urban assessment carried out by the consultant.

TABLE 9-6 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED BY ULB AND CONSULTANT FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ULB’s Suggestion Project’s Proposed -- Door-to-door collection in all wards and waste transportation Development of Vermicomposting plant and local landfill site for town Project Rationale Sub- Projects The present compost yard lack improved Development of the vermicomposting plant facilities for proper composting of the waste. Increasing the number of equipment required for Thus enhancement of waste carrying capacity as carrying about primary and secondary waste well as improvement of compost yard is collection important.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 123 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Details of sub-projects to be undertaken: Development and augmentation of the landfill site The demand-gap assessment presented above indicates generation of 8.45 TPD of waste in the town by the year 2037 against the current generation of 5.79 TPD. By the year 2017, the generation is estimated to be 6.32 TPD. At present there is no land for waste disposal site. However the requirement of land for disposal of waste is 6.22 acres by the year 2037 and 1.26 acres for the year 2017. The dumping site would have to be well-equipped to ensure proper waste segregation and composting facilities. In addition, the dumping site would need to be provided with the basic facilities such as compound walls, BT/CC approach road, water supply and electrification.

Increasing the number of equipment required for carrying about effective waste collection The proposal includes purchase of 17 handcarts, and about 10 closed trailers for waste storage depot at various locations for 2037. Three tractors with trolley of about 2 MT each will be required for secondary collection. Khirkiya will also require 25 tricycles to support door to door collection system which is totally absent in present scenario. 11 collection points also need to be added to facilitate local people. Vehicle carrying capacity need to be increased to 10.98 tonnes by 2037 which is at present is about 5.0 tonnes. Development of Vermicomposting site and local landfill site for town:

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 124 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Vermicomposting is a simple biotechnological process of composting, in which certain species of earthworms are used to enhance the process of waste conversion and produce a better end product. The process, utilize microorganisms and earthworms that are active at 10–32°C (not ambient temperature but temperature within the pile of moist organic material). Vermicomposting can be prepared by using various organic residues such as agricultural residues, sugarcane trash, animal manures, dairy and poultry wastes, food industry wastes, municipal solid wastes etc. Local species of earthworms that are generally used in vermicomposting which can be cultured or used in composting applying simple procedures either in pits, crates, tanks, concrete rings or any containers. Vermicomposting can be done through various methods like: 1. Pits below the ground 2. Heaping above the ground 3. Tanks above the ground 4. Cement rings 5. Cement chambers (commercial model) The commercial model consists of four chambers enclosed by wall (3 feet high, 5 feet width, total of 15 feet length). The walls made up of different materials like normal bricks; hallow bricks, shabaz stones, asbestos sheets, locally available rocks etc. This model contains partition walls with small holes to facilitate the easy movement of earthworms from one chamber to another. Excess water can be collected by providing an outlet at one corner of each chamber. This technology reduces labor cost and saves water as well as time. The procedure for vermicomposting is presented through a diagram below. Shape and size of the tank/.chamber can be decided as per the quantity and area available although the procedure would remain the same. Raw material required for the vermicomposting are rock phosphate, earthworms, water, soil and dung slurry and final compost material is ready after 2-3 months. Total area requirement to set up the facility would be around 0.5 to 1 ha including processing area, circulation, composting, packaging area etc.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 125 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 9-12 PROPOSED LANDFILL SITE FOR KHIRKIYA, TIMARNI AND HARDA

TIMARNI

HARDA

Proposed land fill and composting site

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 126 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 9-13 PROPOSED LOCATION FOR SOLID WASTE COLLECTION BINS, KHIRKIYA

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 127 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 9-14 LOCATION OF TRANSFER STATION, KHIRKIYA

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 128 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

9.2.8 SLUMS AND BASIC SERVICES FOR THE URBAN POOR

In Khirkiya about 31.24% of total population was recorded under BPL population in 2001 census. As per estimate based on 2001 census, about 6915 population is under BPL Category. In Slum areas the situation has changed to better, most of the slum areas are now equipped with cement road, water connection, electrical connection, street lighting and SWM.

Core Strategy At present, condition of slums in Khirkiya is improving. The development of housing and related amenities in the slum can be done under Chief Minister Awasiya Yojna and IHSDP scheme. A detailed plan for development of the slum would have to be drawn up by the Nagar Parishad.

Long term and Short term sector interventions required

The broad sector interventions to address both the short and long term requirements have been enlisted below:

Upgradation and maintenance of the slum roads Strategy Provision and maintenance of streetlights in the slums Identified Construction of pucca closed drains on both sides of the roads of the slums Development of pucca houses under IHSDP scheme in the slums

Expected Improved living standard in the slums in the Nagar Parishad Outcome

Following are the projects proposed during the stakeholder consultation and also based on the rapid urban assessment carried out by the consultant.

TABLE 9-7 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED FOR SLUMS & BASIC SERVICES FOR URBAN POOR

ULB’s Suggestion Project’s Proposed - Slum development at Khirkiya Project Rationale Sub- Projects The condition of the civic Development of housing infrastructure in the slums Upgradation and maintenance of civic & social infrastructure in the slums.

Details of sub-projects to be undertaken:

Development of housing: The Nagar Parishad would have to undertake a detailed slum survey to assess the condition of the houses in the slum and identify the new constructions and up gradation

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 129 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh which would have to be taken up on a priority basis. The entire activity of housing development for the slums can be undertaken under IHSDP scheme and the Nagar Parishad would have to undertake the necessary steps which would result in bringing all the slums in the Nagar Parishad under the umbrella of IHSDP.

Proposals: Urban poor living in slums, unhygienic condition, lacking infrastructure and inferior houses need to be provided houses at another location and also by rejuvenating their present area with better houses and infrastructure. Under this proposal, Ayodhya basti will get rejuvenated and rest will relocated near the proposed college

Upgradation and maintenance of civic infrastructure in the slums: In addition to the housing development which would have to be taken up, the development and upgradation of roads along with construction of pucca closed drains would also have to be constructed.

FIGURE 9-15 ILLEGAL SLUMS /COLONIES, KHIRKIYA

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 130 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 9-16 SLUM REHABILITATION SITE, KHIRKIYA

Site of slum rehabilitation

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 131 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

9.3 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

9.3.1 Health

Core Strategy For the provision of medical infrastructure, Khirkiya Nagar Parishad‟s role is limited to the provision of primary level services. To promote medical facilities, the Nagar Parishad must provide a conducive environment for other government agencies and private developers in the form of support infrastructure and incentives.

Future steps towards improvement in health care facilities should be based on certain principles. There needs to be an emphasis on participatory planning in medical care, quality health care and client satisfaction and preventive health care measures. The Nagar Parishad should target the eradication of preventable diseases by the year 2017. This may be helped by the supply of good quality drinking water and sanitation facilities and strict control and supervision of hotels and roadside food vendors. A resolution of the mosquito menace will eradicate the slew of health issues. Total vaccination of the population as per WHO schedules should also be completed by the year 2017.

To ensure quality medical care to the under-privileged, the Nagar Parishad should make plans for involving private doctors by providing them with free space in the existing corporation dispensaries. To achieve the goals for finalized strategies, the number of hospitals and other medical institutions that would be required in the town has been estimated in accordance to the UDPFI guidelines.

Details of sub-projects to be undertaken: General Hospital: As far as the number of beds per 1,000 population is considered, the town at present have about 1.29 beds per 1,000 population, which has to be levelled to 1 as prescribed by the year 2037. This indicates that the town needs a bed capacity of 34 by the year 2037 requiring the hospitals to provide 4 additional beds. This can be either achieved by upgrading the existing facilities or developing new ones.

In addition to that town also requires 3 dispensaries at ward level and 1 nursing home at town level.

As discussed earlier, Nagar Parishads‟ role in this sector is limited to the provision of providing basic services and catalyzing involvement of the other departments. Availability of land is a necessity in this sector for which the Tehsil office, Khirkiya should be consulted.

9.3.2 Education

Core Strategy For the provision of educational infrastructure, Khirkiya Nagar Parishad‟s role is limited to primary level services. To promote higher-level education, the Nagar Parishad must provide a conducive environment for the other government agencies and private developers in the form of support infrastructure and incentives.

Nagar Parishad may encourage public private partnership in primary education for maintenance of buildings and infrastructure. It should take strong steps to ensure that the quality of education in

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 132 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh schools through standardization and performance incentives. To achieve the goals for the finalized strategies, estimation of the number of schools and other educational institutions that would be required to achieve a 100% literacy rate has been carried out. These estimations have been done in accordance to the UDPFI guidelines.

Details of sub-projects to be undertaken:

Schools: This section deals with requirements for various kinds of schools.

1. Primary Schools: The overarching goal in this sector is to achieve 100% literacy rate in the town. By the year 2017, the town would require 11 schools, which would accommodate on average about 500 students. The area requirement for each of the school would be 1 acre of which 0.5 acre would be reserved for the sports facilities. In the long term, i.e. by the year 2037, the town would need to add additional 03 primary schools.

2. Senior secondary schools: By the year 2017, the town would require 02 more additional schools in addition to existing 02 schools, which would accommodate around 1,000 students. The area requirement for each of the school would be 4 acres. In the long term, i.e. by the year 2037, the town would need to add 1 more senior secondary school.

3. Schools for handicapped: By the year 2037, the town would require one such school for around 400 students. It will require around 4 acres of land.

As discussed earlier, Nagar Parishad‟s role in this sector is limited to providing basic services and catalyzing involvement of other departments. Availability of land is a necessity in this sector for which the Tehsil office, Khirkiya should be consulted.

9.3.3 Other Social Infrastructure

Core Strategy To improve the quality of life provision of social infrastructure facilities is inescapable. Apart from the health and educational infrastructure services such as community halls, parks, sports complexes, old age homes, commercial complexes form an integral part of a town. Although, these services are meant to be provided by the Nagar Parishad, some of these can also be developed through private parties or Public Private Partnership.

Details of sub-projects to be undertaken: 1. Community Halls: Nagar Parishad will have to take up the projects to increase the area under various community rooms to 5 acres by the year 2017 and 7 acres by the year 2037. 2. Hostel for students – 500 students. It will have residential area of 3,750 sq. m, kitchen and dining area of 750 Sq. m and 200 sq. m for hostel office, and warden‟s house. Therefore, the total area required for student hostel will be 5,000 sq. m. 3. Development of mela ground with all the facilities to cater the need of the town 4. Gymnasium/ akhada 5. Develop stadium with shopping arcade

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 133 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 9-17 PROPOSED SOCIO- CULTURAL ACTIVITIES, KHIRKIYA

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 134 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

9.4 STRATEGY FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Khirkiya is a developing town, developing in west of Harda district headquarter. The town has its significance in region due to availability of commercial, agricultural and trading facilities, but as per development needs, available infrastructure is not sufficient. Interventions which would facilitate the growth of the local economy are therefore very important. The Nagar Parishads at present lacks formal organised market areas. Large market areas could be developed with proper facilities of storage for the agro produce.  Employment opportunities to be created by developing small scale industries  Establishment of technical college including agriculture department.  Unemployed people of town must be indulged in improving the infrastructure of town like sanitation, social infrastructure, SWM, etc.  Infrastructure required for increasing the agriculture produce trading requies upgradation of Krishi Upaj Mandi, provision of truck terminal, warehouses with cold storage, etc  Promote cottage industry related to forest and agricultural produce  Dairy farm are also proposed as small scale industries.

The urban local body can support in development of new industries by making adequate provision of land and other supporting infrastructure such as roads and water supply. In addition to providing support to boost the local economy, a significant growth can be achieved if the manufacturing and trading base in the town is strengthened.

9.4.1 Other Economic strategies In small towns where huge part of population is BPL, it is very difficult to establish a sustainable economic model because of scarcity of finance or capital for any economic opportunity. So, it is very necessary to find out such economic activities which require little financial support and best operated in groups with multiple outputs. Here are some low cost economic models which have multiple benefits and also self sustainable.

1. DAIRY FARMS: Dairy farm can be set up by an individual who can employ workforce from unemployed and BPL families. In Other way, a group of 5 BPL or unemployed families can also star this project.

Process: The projects can be start with 10 to 50 cows, out of which half can be milking and rest can be non- milking to make it economically viable and sustainable.

Benefits of dairy farming: 1. Milk produce after mutual usage, can be sold to earn regular income. 2. Cow dung can be collected and feed in family size bio-gas plant for gas supply for cooking need and electricity generation 3. Cow dung slurry for organic farming and waste land development 4. Preparation of medicine and pesticides from cow‟s urine and Neem produce. 5. Cultivation of herbs and medicinal plants

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 135 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

6. Training cum service cum marketing support services

Utilization of Biogas: Biogas plant of 4 m3 per day capacity is sufficient to meet the daily cooking lighting and other heating requirement of a family having 5 members.

Slurry management: Along with 4 cubic meter biogas 30 kg dry slurry will be produced daily. This will amount 10.95 tonnes per year per biogas plant.

Production of Cow based Fertilizers and Pesticides: The proposed group will generate 10.95 tonnes per year enriched manure spent slurry from the biogas plant which will cut down the expenditure on chemical fertilizers by 50 percent per annum.

Production of Panchgavya and Its Products A total of 50-60 litre cow urine will be produced daily in every dairy which has to be utilized for cow urine distillate and making pesticides and medicines.

Production of Cow Milk and Its Products: Total milk production from a single group of cow herd (5cows) will be 25 litre per day. This will put for either selling in nearby market @ Rs. 40/litre or can be value added product for further selling at higher price than raw milk. The daily income generation from 25 litre milk by selling @ Rs. 40 per litre will be Rs. 1000 per day and thus total per annum Rs. 365000.

Cow dung and cow urine can be used for the manufacture of wide range of domestic products mainly phenyl, mosquito repellent coil, agarbatti (fuming stick), distemper, dental powder, bathing soap, cleansing powder, shampoo, face pack etc

2. USE OF NEEM TREE (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) IN AGRICULTURE FIELDS: Neem tree is very well known in India for its various benefits such as: . It can grow well in every agro-climatic zone except in high and cold regions and dam sites. . It has deep tap root system, which means it does not compete with annual crops for scarce soil moisture. . It also provides timber, fuelwood, fodder, oil, fertilizers, pest repellent or the ubiquitous “Datun” . It can be used as insecticides, pesticides in agricultural fields . Neem oil has antibacterial, antiviral properties and used in skin and dental problems. . Its products are being used for malaria, fever, pain and also as contraceptive. . It is also being used in cosmetics, lubricants and fertilisers. . Neem bark can be used for rope making and also in soap manufacturing.

Plantation of Neem tree around fields:

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 136 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

It can be planted at the boundary of agro field with offset of 7m. Neem has deep tap root system i.e., its roots are directed deep in earth for moisture, so it has no harm to crops. Its fallen leaves will act as pest and insect repellent along with organic fertilizer property will help crops to grow healthy and faster. It will also act as wind breaks, soil binder against erosion and to provide natural home grown pest control material

Neem in Agro-forestry (Silviculture): Neem along with other tree species increased the productivity of a silvicultural system upto 8.5 tonne / hectare.

Neem (timber, yield, harvesting and returns) The sap wood of Neem is greyish white and heart wood is red to reddish brown resembling Mahogany. The wood is aromatic moderately heavy with uneven grains, durable and not easily attacked by insects. Neem starts bearing fruits after 5 years and comes to full bearing at the age of 10-12 years. Fruit yield is 5-20 kg per tree per year in the initial years. A mature tree produces 35-50 kg fruit/year. Oil yield varies from 40-43% of seed on dry weight basis. Neem seed price is projected to be Rs.10000 / ton in the near future.

3. FORESTATION AS SOURCE OF INCOME: Income via forestation is a new way of earning for individual and administrative body. This need an individual or local body to plant trees which are suitable to region e.g., Neem (mature period 5 years) in good numbers. As per simple calculations to earn monthly income from trees, one has to plant 60 trees and after five years one can use it as timber, neem oil, bark for ropes, etc every month and plant another tree which will be ready after another 5 years. This is a complete cycle which will keep on providing wood and income on montly basis. This will also help in improving environmental conditions, monsoon cycle and micro climate of region.

4. BIO GAS PLANT: It is one of the Alternate Renewable Sources of Energy. The process of bio-gas production is anaerobic in nature. The basic feed material for, bio-gas plants in India has been considered to be cattle dung and other materials like night-soil, poultry litter and agricultural wastes can also be used. In addition to combustible gas, the bio-gas plants would also be a source for conserving organic manure, rich in NPK (Nitrogen – Phosphorous – Potassium)

Present bio-gas plants are classified mainly into two groups -fixed dome type or floating drum type. Both the type of plants has the following functional components: 1. Slurry mixing tank: This is a tank in which the dung is mixed with water and fed to the digester through an inlet pipe. 2. Digester: This is the fermentation tank and is built partially or fully underground. It is generally cylindrical in shape and made up of bricks and cement mortars. It holds the slurry within it for the period of digestion for which it is designed.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 137 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

3. Gas holder: This component is meant for holding the gas after it leaves the digester. It may be a floating drum or a fixed dome on the basis of which the plants are broadly classified. The gas connection is taken from the top of this holder to the gas burners or for any other purposes by suitable pipelines. The floating gas holder is made up of mild steel sheets and angle iron and is required to exert pressure of 10 cms of water in the gas dome masonry and exert a pressure upto 1m of water column on the gas. 4. Outlet tank and slurry pit: An outlet tank is usually provided in a fixed dome type of plant from where slurry in directly taken to the field or to a slurry pit. In case of a floating drum plant, the slurry is taken to a pit where it can be dried or taken to the field for direct applications. Bio-gas Application and Appliances . Cooking and Lighting . Dual Fuel Engines . Refrigeration, Incubators and Water Boilers

Capital Cost of Gas Plants and Cost of Operation: A 4 cum gas plant costing Rs. 4000/- may mean monthly expenditure of Rs.40/- to Rs. 50/ if we assume a flat rate of interest on the capital be 10% without the subsidy and Rs. 20/ -to Rs. 25/-, if 50% is subsidized.

5. EFFICIENT IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES:

DRIP IRRIGATION: Drip irrigation, also known as "trickle" irrigation, is one of the methods of water management. In Drip Irrigation system, water is carried to the plant under low pressure, through small diameter plastic pipes and delivered at the root zone, drop by drop through drippers. It is most suited for horticulture crops, vegetables etc. and finds applicability in hard rock areas where groundwater is scarce and helps in optimization of the limited water resources.

Advantage: Water saving to 40 – 60%

Limitation: Whole is system has high initial cost

To encourage its use, the Govt. of India announced a scheme under which the total cost of the scheme is being shared between Central Government, the State Government and the beneficiary in the ratio of 40%, 10% and 50% respectively.

Source: http://www.nabard.org/modelbankprojects/mi_dripirrigation.asp

SPRINKLER SYSTEM: In India about 78% of water resources are used for agriculture out of this only 50% is actually used by plants and the remaining water resources are wasted either as deep percolation or as evaporation. Problems with excess irrigation: . Reduces crop production

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 138 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

. Damages soil fertility . Ecological hazards like water logging and salinity.

To improve productivity and water management the very well known system in country is Sprinkler System. The system saves upto 50% of water compared to surface irrigation method and increases productivity by about 15-25 %.

Sprinkler irrigation method distributes water to crops by spraying it over the crop area like a natural rainfall. The water under pressure flows through perforations or nozzles and sprays over the area. The pressure is provided by a pump of suitable capacity and horsepower. With careful selection of nozzle sizes, operating pressure and spacing, the actual water required for maintaining the soil moisture at field capacity is applied uniformly at a rate to suit the infiltration rate of soil thereby obtaining efficient water application.

Crops suitable: Nearly all crops are suitable for sprinkler irrigation system except crops like paddy, jute, etc. The dry crops, vegetables, flowering crops, orchards, plantation crops like tea, coffee are all suitable and can be irrigated through sprinklers.

Other advantages . Fertilizers and pesticides can be effectively applied in split doses through sprinklers at little extra cost. This facilitates uniform fertilizer application and effective pest control. . The overall cost of labour is generally reduced. . Erosion of soil cover which is common in surface irrigation can be eliminated

Sprinklers Types: There are mainly 2 types of Sprinkler systems available in the market. 1. Rotating head system 2. Perforated Pipe system

Components of Sprinkler irrigation system . Water source - open well / tube well / bore well / canal etc. . Pumping unit - centrifugal, submersible . Sprinkler - main and lateral pipe lines, riser pipe, sprinklers (nozzles) . Other minor accessories / fittings like reducers, elbows, valve opening tees, end tees, regulators and gauges, valves, filters, etc. . Fertilizer applicator

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 139 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Source: http://www.nabard.org/modelbankprojects/mi_sprinkler.asp

6. BAMBOO CULTIVATION: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION FOR SMALL TOWNS Bamboo is a versatile, strong, renewable and environment-friendly material. It is a member of the grass family,Gramineae and the fastest growing woody plant on earth. Most bamboo species produce mature fibre in 3 years, sooner than any tree species. Some bamboos grow up to 1 metre a day, with many reaching culm lengths of 25 metres or more. Bamboo can be grown quickly and easily, and sustainably harvested in 3 to 5 years cycles.

Benefits of Bamboo: . Renewable resource: Depending on the species, bamboo can be harvested in one to five years versus 10-50 years for most softwoods and hardwoods.

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. Absorbs greenhouse gases: Bamboo absorbs carbon dioxide and releases 35% more oxygen into the atmosphere than an equivalent stand of hardwood trees. . Very little waste: After harvesting, virtually every part of the plant is used to make a wide variety of products. From soil-enriching mulch to beautiful furniture to chopsticks, every part of the plant can be utilized . Versatility: Bamboo can replace the use of wood for nearly every application. Paper, flooring, furniture, charcoal, building materials and much more can be made from bamboo . No fertilizer, pesticides, or herbicides needed. Unlike most cash crops, bamboo requires no agricultural chemicals to thrive. . Soil protection: Bamboo roots remain in place after harvesting where they prevent erosion and help retain nutrients for the next crop. . Economic development: bamboo production and the manufacturing of bamboo products provides job opportunities in areas that desperately need social and economic stability. . Bamboo grows in a variety of conditions: Bamboo can grow in arid regions where droughts cause other crops to fail and since the roots are left in place after harvesting, it helps to preserve vital moisture in the soil. Some bamboo products include: 1. Charcoal 2. Alcohol 3. Bed sheets 4. Blinds 5. Paint brushes 6. Bicycles 7. Cutting boards 8. Clothing 9. Fabrics 10. Flooring 11. Garden plants 12. Matting 13. Instruments

Some other unusual products include: 1. Record player needles 2. Roofing 3. Umbrellas 4. Wedding favors 5. Sugar (as in sugar cane) 6. Deodorizers 7. Beer 8. Beehives Bamboo is a major export item for a global market valued at Rs.500 billion

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 141 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 142 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 143 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

9.5 HERITAGE AND TOURISM

Core Strategy Equipping city with necessary hospitality and other recreational/ entertainment infrastructure can give impetus to the town‟s economy.

As a measure to effectively utilize the town‟s potential, a comprehensive survey should be carried out for the tourist coming/ passing through Khirkiya. The survey should try to elicit details such as frequency of visit, willingness to stay at Khirkiya, services they expect, and willingness to pay for better infrastructure. This survey would provide us with an extensive database and would be critical for public and private sector in setting up necessary infrastructure such as hospitality institutions, transportation, recreational, and entertainment infrastructure.

There lies a partially exploited tourism potential at Khirkiya in the form of River Machak which is flowing in east of town at just 9km.

Details of sub-projects to be undertaken: 1. Development of Machak River front 2. Development of tourist spots near Indira Sagar Dam 3. Development of hotel and resorts to accommodate tourists.

A tourist circuit can be developed from Neemavar to Harsuad incorporating several other tourist spots including Khirkiya in between. As per proposal and Figure 8-14, tourist spots included in the circuit are:  Neemavar  Harda  Machak River  Water front development location from Khirkiya  Gupteshwar temple  Harsaud

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 144 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 9-18 TOURIST CIRCUIT, KHIRKIYA

9.6 PROPOSED URBAN ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM FOR ULB

To overcome the issues faced by the urban local bodies a new cadre management system has been proposed by Urban Administration of Development Department (UADD), Bhopal. The proposed system would be common for all the ULBs across state. The proposed departments and their structures are shown in the following diagram.

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 145 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

PROPOSED DEPARTMENTS FOR URBAN LOCAL BODY

Urban Administration and City Engineering Health Development Department Administration Department

Joint Director Assistant Account officer Additional Director Main Engineer

Deputy Director Accountant Joint Director Chief Engineer

Chief Municipal Superintendent Sanitory Inspector Officer Grade A Engineer

Chief Municipal Assistant Engineer Officer Grade B

Chief Municipal Sub Engineer Officer Grade C

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 146 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

10.0 INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN

The framework for long term vision for Khirkiya has already been provided in the earlier chapter. We approached this stage by discussions with various stakeholders and review of available relevant publications, reports, NGOs, resolutions, procedures, and laws. The projects were identified from the strategies and the prioritisation has been done based on existing situation analysis and stakeholder consultations.

This chapter discusses the detailed assessment of availability of resources, logical sequencing of actions and potential for immediate implementation which will culminate into development of a City Investment Plan (CIP) which would lay out cost and revenue estimates of all priority projects.

10.1 INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK The investment estimation has been done in line with the strategies proposed for the town in short term, medium term and long term. The costs of the projects presented herewith are based on the unit cost and preliminary feasibility studies carried out in various sectors. Table 10-1 and Figure 10-1 presents summary of the capital investment requirement for the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad.

TABLE 10-1 SECTOR WISE DISTRIBUTION OF INVESTMENT Investment Need till Distributio Implementing Sl. No. Sectors 2037 (Rs. Lakhs) n (%) Agency Base Cost 1 Water Supply 1,391.84 11.26% KNP 2 Sewerage & Sanitation 813.56 6.58% KNP 3 Roads & Urban Transport 4,922.06 39.80% KNP 4 Storm Water Drains 280.98 2.27% KNP 5 Street lighting 147.52 1.19% KNP 6 Solid Waste Management 134.02 1.08% KNP 7 Urban Poor and Slum Upgradation 580.00 4.69% IHSDP State 8 Education Infrastructure 902.00 7.29% Government State 9 Health Infrastructure 1,275.00 10.31% Government 10 Socio-Cultural Facilities 753.75 6.10% KNP 11 Economy 695.00 5.62% KNP 12 Urban Environment 100.00 0.81% KNP 13 Urban Governance 70.00 0.57% KNP 14 Other Projects 55.00 0.44% KNP 15 Heritage and tourism 245.00 1.98% KNP Total Investment 12,365.68 100.00%

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 147 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

FIGURE 10-1 DISTRIBUTION OF INVESTMENT BY SECTORS

1% Distribution of Investment By Sectors 0% 2% 1% Water Supply 6% 11% Sewerage & Sanitation Roads & Urban Transport 6% 7% Storm Water Drains Street lighting 10% Solid Waste Management Urban Poor and Slum Upgradation Education Infrastructure

7% Health Infrastructure Socio-Cultural Facilities

5% Economy 40% Urban Environment 1% Urban Governance 1% 2% Other Projects Heritage and tourism

Above figure indicates that of the total investment proposed for the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad apart from other investments which includes health, education, and community development, the maximum share is taken by the Roads and urban transportation at 39.85% followed by water supply at 11.20%. Education and sewerage/sanitation sectors are at 10.32% and 6.59% respectively. Storm water drains accounts for 2.16% and solid waste management accounts for 1.09% of the total investment. The detail cost investment for different sectors in short term (2012-2017), medium term (2017-2027) and long term (2027-2037) is presented in Table 9-2. All the figures in CIP are at constant price, escalation of 5% will be considered at the time of determining the investment sustenance in the next chapter.

TABLE 10-2 PROPOSED CAPITAL INVESTMENT FOR DIFFERENT SECTORS

Investme Investme Total Investment Sl. nt by nt by Investment Components by 2027 No. 2017 2037 Need Rs. Lakhs Rs. Lakhs Rs. Lakhs Rs. Lakhs A Water Supply 903.55 236.38 251.92 1391.84 1 Source Augmentation 497.64 114.78 114.75 727.17 2 Treatment capacity 85.38 14.35 14.34 114.07 3 Distribution Network 144.45 72.27 72.25 288.97 4 Elevated Storage capacity w.r.t Supply 20.30 13.98 26.60 60.88 5 Refurbishment of Old Distribution Network 57.12 0.00 0.00 57.12 6 Metering System 98.66 21.01 23.97 143.64 B Sewerage and Sanitation 632.90 90.39 90.27 813.56

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Investme Investme Total Investment Sl. nt by nt by Investment Components by 2027 No. 2017 2037 Need Rs. Lakhs Rs. Lakhs Rs. Lakhs Rs. Lakhs 1 UGD Network 455.35 76.52 76.50 608.36 2 Treatment Capacity 6.89 13.77 13.77 34.43 3 Public Convenience Seats 11.13 0.10 0.00 11.23 C Urban Roads, Transport & Traffic 3988.28 466.95 466.84 4922.06 1 Up gradation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 i BT to Concrete 92.00 0.00 0.00 92.00 iii Earthen to Black Top 237.00 0.00 0.00 237.00 2 New Formation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 i Concrete 1313.70 425.10 425.00 2163.80 3 Widening/ Strengthening 306.40 0.00 0.00 306.40 4 Parking Areas 11.86 1.99 1.99 15.84 5 Roads (ROB/ Fly-overs) 1000.00 0.00 0.00 1000.00 6 Development of Bus & Truck Terminus 33.16 0.00 0.00 33.16 7 Land Acquisition for Road Improvements 33.16 39.85 39.84 112.86 D Storm Water Drains 120.61 82.95 77.42 280.98 1 Upgradation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 i Kutcha to Pucca Open 16.00 0.00 0.00 16.00 ii Kutcha to Pucca Closed 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 iii Pucca Open to Pucca Closed 60.00 0.00 0.00 60.00 2 Desilting 14.72 14.72 3 New Pucca Open Drains - 21.83 21.83

4 New Pucca Closed Drains 0.51 82.95 55.58 139.04 5 Root Zone System 9.38 - - 9.38 E Street Lighting 102.24 22.56 22.72 147.52 3 New Installation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 i Street light poles 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ii Tube Light 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 iii High Power 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 F Solid Waste Management 70.21 31.90 31.90 134.02 1 Primary Collection 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 i Hand Carts 0.00 0.09 0.09 0.17 iii Community Bins 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.04 2 Secondary Collection 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 i Collection Points 4.22 0.71 0.71 5.63 3 Vehicle type 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ii Dumper placer 0.00 20.00 20.00 40.00 4 Transfer Station 31.62 5.31 5.31 42.25 5 Land Fill Infrastructure 30.72 5.16 5.16 41.04 6 Composting Plant 3.65 0.61 0.61 4.88 G Urban Poor/ Slums' Improvement 290.00 290.00 0.00 580.00 1 Slum Improvement - Rehabilitation/ Housing 290.00 290.00 0.00 580.00

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 149 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Investme Investme Total Investment Sl. nt by nt by Investment Components by 2027 No. 2017 2037 Need Rs. Lakhs Rs. Lakhs Rs. Lakhs Rs. Lakhs H Health Infrastructure 0.00 0.00 902.00 902.00 2 Nursing home 0.00 0.00 644.00 644.00 3 Dispensary 0.00 0.00 258.00 258.00 I Education Infrastructure 950.00 65.00 260.00 1275.00 1 Primary 390.00 65.00 130.00 585.00 2 Sr. Secondary 260.00 0.00 130.00 390.00 3 School for Handicapped 300.00 0.00 0.00 300.00 J Socio-Cultural Facilities 753.75 0.00 0.00 753.75 1 Play grounds 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 2 Community Hall 40.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 3 Development of Mela ground 50.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 4 Develop Stadium with shopping arcade 93.75 0.00 0.00 93.75 5 Gymnasium / Akhada 50.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 6 Student Hostel 500.00 0.00 0.00 500.00 K Economy 695.00 0.00 0.00 695.00 1 Development of Krishi Upaj Mandi 200.00 0.00 0.00 200.00 2 Development of hawker zone 15.00 0.00 0.00 15.00 Promotion of cottage and agricultural produce 3 industry 50.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 4 Cold Storage and ware house 180.00 0.00 0.00 180.00 5 Poultry Farm 250.00 0.00 0.00 250.00 L Heritage & Tourism 25.00 25.00 50.00 100.00 1 Development of Heritage and Development 25.00 25.00 50.00 100.00 M Urban Environment 40.00 20.00 10.00 70.00 1 Preservation of Water Bodies 30.00 15.00 5.00 50.00 2 Tree Plantation 10.00 5.00 5.00 20.00 N Urban Governance 33.00 11.00 11.00 55.00 1 Computerization 9.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 2 Training Modules 9.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 3 GIS Mapping 15.00 5.00 5.00 25.00 O Others 235.00 5.00 5.00 245.00 1 Slaughter House 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 2 Improvement of crematorium/ burial ground 200.00 0.00 0.00 200.00 3 Others 15.00 5.00 5.00 25.00 Total Investment Identified 8,839.5 1,347.1 2,179.1 12,365.7

10.2 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN

The scheduling of investment is based on the analysis of fiscal resources available for new investment and O&M, technical capacity for project development and O&M and the choice of improvements to be taken up over the period of time. Phasing of investment is also worked out considering the need of the service, sustainability of the investment and priority assigned by the stakeholders for different

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 150 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh projects in the Town. Sectoral priority expressed by different stakeholders during the consultation workshops in the order of priority are listed in the following section:

1. Water supply 2. Sewerage system 3. Sanitation system 4. Solid waste management 5. Drainage system 6. Roads and transportation 7. Urban Poor and their Accessibility to Basic Services 8. Health infrastructure 9. Education infrastructure 10. Street lighting 11. Heritage and Tourism 12. Fire fighting

Section below provides phasing of the investment for implementing the development proposals for Khirkiya.

10.3 SECTOR WISE CIP DETAILS – CAPITAL NEEDS/ INVESTMENTS

10.3.1 Water Supply The total investment estimated for proposals of water supply will be Rs. 1391.84 Lakhs by year 2037. However the gaps in the system are to be filled in phases in line with the increase in population. Major development and improvements in water supply are proposed for 2017 and the total investment required is Rs. 903.55 Lakhs. Year-wise phasing of work and investment has been shown in Table no. 10-3.

TABLE 10-3 YEAR-WISE PHASING OF INVESTMENT FOR WATER SUPPLY Summary of Investment (Year wise Phasing) Municipal Council of Khirkiya 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

A Water Supply 173.96 299.92 296.91 132.76 - 1 Water Demand 149.29 174.18 174.18 - - 2 Treatment capacity - 17.08 34.15 34.15 - 3 Distribution Network - 36.11 50.56 57.78 - 4 Elevated Storage capacity w.r.t Supply - 6.09 6.09 8.12 - 5 Refurbishment of Old Distribution Network - 17.14 17.14 22.85 - 6 Metering system 24.66 49.33 14.80 9.87 -

 The Nagar Parishad would have to develop a comprehensive watershed management plan for the city including details of groundwater availability, use, potential for increasing the water drawn from the available ground water source of the town. Action  Identify the areas not covered by water distribution network and develop a comprehensive plan for Measures providing water supply to these areas.  Increase the number of domestic connections  Reserve land for zones that are good for water recharge and water conservation  Capital investments on system refurbishment and replacement shall happen only after conducting water Sector Notes audit and identification of UFW sources

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 Improvement of collection efficiency is applicable to both arrears and current demand  Daily per capita water supply (min of 135 lpcd) Performance  Elevated storage capacity w.r.t supply (33%) Monitoring  Distribution network reach as % of road length (min 85%) Indicators  System coverage – water HSCs as % of PT assessments (min 85%)  Cost recovery through user charges (100% O&M expenses)

10.3.2 Sewerage & Sanitation

The total investment estimated out for proposals of Sewerage and sanitation is about Rs. 813.56 Lakhs. However the gaps in the system are proposed to be filled in phases in line with the increase in population and augmentation of water supplies to the town. For the betterment of town most of the proposals and investment are phased for first five years i.e. for 2017. The investment to be done by 2017 is about Rs. 632.90. Project and year wise phasing is shown in Table 10-4

TABLE 10-4 YEAR-WISE PHASING OF INVESTMENT FOR SEWERAGE AND SANITATION Summary of Investment (Year wise Phasing) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Sewerage and Sanitation 31.65 158.23 221.52 221.52 - 1 Under Ground Drainage i UGD Network 22.77 113.84 159.37 159.37 - ii Treatment Capacity 0.34 1.72 2.41 2.41 - iii DEWATS 7.98 39.88 55.84 55.84 - 2 Public Convenience Seats 0.56 2.78 3.90 3.90 0.00

 Preparation of DPR for laying of sewerage system in the town  Eradicate the conditions which give rise to conditions of malaria and other water borne Action diseases. Measures  Ensure access of sanitary facilities to the slum dwellers and BPL population  Isolate sewerage system from storm water and drinking water channels

10.3.3 Roads, Street Lighting and Traffic Management The total investment need for roads, street lighting and traffic management sectors by the year 2037 is estimated at Rs. 4922.06 lakhs. However the gaps in the system are proposed to be filled in phases in line with the area being developed and increase in population. Accordingly part of the identified investment is proposed to be funded by the year 2017 caters to the current gaps and meet the immediate requirements and is shown in Table 10-5.

TABLE 10-5 YEAR-WISE PHASING OF INVESTMENT FOR ROADS, STREET LIGHTING AND TRAFFIC Summary of Investment (Year wise Phasing) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Urban Roads, Transport & Traffic 491.96 809.56 739.90 711.89 388.44 1 Upgradation i BT to concrete - 9.20 13.80 27.60 41.40 ii WBM to BT - 6.70 10.05 20.10 30.15 iii Earthen to Black Top 23.70 35.55 71.10 106.65 2 New Formation - - - - - i Concrete 262.74 262.74 197.06 394.11 197.06

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3 Bye pass 178.80 178.80 134.10 268.20 134.10 4 Widening/ Strengthening 61.28 61.28 61.28 61.28 61.28 5 Parking Areas 1.19 1.19 1.78 3.56 4.15 6 Roads (ROB/ Fly-overs) 100.00 400.00 400.00 100.00 - 7 Development of Bus & Truck Terminus 6.63 6.63 8.29 9.95 1.66 8 Land Acquisition for Road Improvements 3.32 6.63 8.29 9.95 4.97

 Identification of earthen roads which need to be upgraded to BT/CC Action  Improve connectivity within the Municipal area Measures  Provide parking lots  Provide for footpaths on the existing and yet to be developed roads  The design of the new roads should have provision for shoulder, foot paths, utility ducts and storm water drains under the foot paths. Sector Notes  New roads development shall be integrated with the drain construction (i.e. for any new road drainage facility to be planned and constructed alongside) Performance  Road network – Degree of connectivity in terms of per-capita road length (min 1.75m) Monitoring  Road condition - % municipal roads surfaced (100% - CC/ BT surfacing) Indicators

10.3.4 Storm Water Drainage

The total investment need for the drainage sectors by the year 2037 is estimated at Rs.280.98 lakhs. However the gaps in the system are proposed to be filled in phases in line with the road network being developed and increase in population. Accordingly part of the identified investment is to be funded by the year 2017 caters to the current gaps and meet the immediate requirements and is shown in Table 10-6.

TABLE 10-6 YEAR-WISE PHASING OF INVESTMENT FOR STORM WATER DRAINAGE Summary of Investment (Year wise Phasing) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Storm Water Drainage 25.47 39.75 47.01 8.37 - Desilting & Strengthening of Primary 1 1.47 3.68 5.15 4.42 - Drains 2 Upgradation - - - - - i Kutcha to Pucca Open 4.00 5.60 6.40 - - ii Kutcha to Pucca Closed 5.00 7.00 8.00 - - iii Pucca Open to Pucca Closed 15.00 21.00 24.00 - - 3 New Pucca Open Drains - - - - - 4 New Pucca Closed Drains - 0.13 0.18 0.20 - 5 Rootzone system - 2.35 3.28 3.75 -

 Preparation of DPR for augmentation of storm water system in the town Action Measures  Isolate sewerage system from drinking water and storm water lines  Identify, delineate, sanitize and protect the natural drainage system of the city  Improve drainage network on a priority basis in flood prone areas Sector Notes  All new roads to be designed shall have adequate provision for storm water drains.  Constructing new drains shall be integrated with the new roads development  Drainage network should 150% of road length Performance  All divided roads to have drains on either side and undivided roads on at least one Monitoring side Indicators  Drains to be cleaned before and after monsoon for better functioning

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10.3.5 Street Lighting

The total investment need for the Street lighting by the year 2037 is estimated at Rs.147.52 lakhs. However by 2017 a sum of Rs. 102.24 lakhs is required for the proposed interventions and is shown in Table 10-7.

TABLE 10-7 YEAR-WISE PHASING OF INVESTMENT FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Summary of Investment (Year wise Phasing) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Street Lighting 5.11 25.56 35.78 35.78 - 1 Replacements 1.64 8.20 11.48 11.48 - i Upgrade present Lamps wth Solar power - LED module 2 New Installation - - - - - iii Install solar power led module 3.47 17.36 24.30 24.30 -

 Ensure replacement of faulty equipments Other actions/ Measures  Ensure that all cross junction must be well lite.  Special attention is required in peripheral areas and slum areas.  Khirkiya Nagar Parishad shall be the prime implementing agency for the Sector Notes sector  Major roads must be lightened Performance Monitoring  Important junctions like railway crossing, Chippawad junction, etc must be Indicators lightened

10.3.6 Solid Waste Management

The total investment need for the solid waste management sectors by the year 2037 is estimated at Rs. 134.02 lakhs. However by 2017 a sum of Rs. 70.21 lakhs is required for the proposed interventions and is shown in Table 10-8.

TABLE 10-8 YEAR-WISE PHASING OF INVESTMENT FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Summary of Investment (Year wise Phasing) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Solid waste Management 3.51 17.55 24.57 24.57 - 1 Secondary Collection (Area Coverage) - - - - - i Collection Points 0.21 1.05 1.48 1.48 - 2 Transfer station 1.58 7.91 11.07 11.07 - 3 Disposal Site - - - - - i Land Fill Infrastructure (as per CPHEEO Standards) 1.54 7.68 10.75 10.75 - ii Vermi Composting Plant 0.18 0.91 1.28 1.28 -

 Increase the ambit of Solid Waste Management to include “recycling” and to facilitate and regulate the sector accordingly.  Ensure optimum utilization of existing fleet Other actions/ Measures  I-E-C campaigns to be initiated for awareness among the urban poor and slum dwellers towards better SWM practices  Initiate steps towards sharing the responsibility of primary collection of segregated garbage with citizens

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 Develop transfer stations in a scientific, eco-friendly manner – processing waste at these sites, for different types of material  Develop decentralized waste processing sites at each zone- appropriate technologies  Improve and ensure access to sanitary facilities for the urban poor and slum dwellers.  Encourage pay & use category of public conveniences with community involvement in the maintenance of the same.  KhirkiyaNagar Parishad shall be the prime implementing agency for the sector  For establishment of Intermediate Transfer Stations to reduce cost of Sector Notes transportation, identify sites which are cost effective  Identify localised/ decentralised locations for processing/ disposal/ reuse of bio-degradable and plastic waste  Source segregation – reduction of waste to be collected (min 70 % of waste generated) Performance Monitoring  Door-to-door collection as % of households covered (min 80%) Indicators  Optimum fleet utilisation (No. of trips/ vehicle/ day - average minimum of 2.5)  Vehicle capacity as % of rated capacity to waste generated (minimum 100%)

10.3.7 Slums and Basic Services for Urban Poor

The requirements in the sector are of immediate priority and hence the planning horizon for the sector is year 2017 and accordingly projects and investments identified are to be funded by the year 2017. A sum of Rs. 580.00 lakhs is the investment identified for various improvement projects and for providing basic services to the urban poor which the ULB can cover under IHSDP scheme and is shown in Table 10-9.

TABLE 10-9 YEAR-WISE PHASING OF INVESTMENT FOR URBAN POOR AND SLUM Summary of Investment (Year wise Phasing) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Urban Poor/ Slums' Improvement - 29.00 72.50 87.00 101.50 1 Slum Improvement - Rehabilitation/ Housing - 29.00 72.50 87.00 101.50

 Providing for reservation of lands for EWS  Facilitating access to credit for urban poor. Khirkiya Nagar Palika can explore the option of acting as a guarantor. Other actions/  Frequent meetings with slum dwellers towards encouraging participation in slum Measures development programmes, awareness creation on beneficiary contribution to project development and also assuming the responsibility of implementing the projects.  Facilitate and encourage the neighbourhood concept in slums to carry out towards recreational activities such as reading, sports and drama.  Infrastructure and basic services‟ provision in slums shall not be in isolation but in conjunction and in line with overall infrastructure development in the city. Sector Notes  Awareness on health and hygiene shall be created among slum dwellers in line with the long-term goal of moving towards individual toilets and doing away with public convenience systems. Performance  Water Supply –Individual house service connections to all Monitoring  Sewerage - Individual house service connections to all Indicators  Sanitation – Community toilets in short run and individual toilets in long run

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 Solid Waste Management- Coverage of all slum households under door-to-door collection and awareness campaigns on source segregation

10.3.8 E- Governance

This facility is the first step to modernization of whole administrative system. E-Governance brings transparency, accountability in the system and also became the bridge between the administration and people of sharing information about bills, land, schemes, etc. To meet the formulated sector goal with satisfactory level of service indicators the sector would require an investment of Rs. 55 lakhs for 2037. In the short term, this sector would require an investment of Rs. 33 Lakhs whereas in the long term, investments totalling to Rs. 55 lakhs would be required.

Action Plan for Implementation (2017) This section discusses yearly action plan, as shown in Table 10-10, for the capital investment proposed in the short term. Action plan has been devised considering the phasing of short term investment over a period of 5 years.

TABLE 10-10 YEAR-WISE PHASING OF INVESTMENT FOR E-GOVERNANCE Summary of Investment (Year wise Phasing) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

N Urban Governance 3.30 9.15 9.90 10.65 - 1 Computerization 0.90 2.70 2.70 2.70 - 2 Training Modules 0.90 2.70 2.70 2.70 - 3 GIS Mapping 1.50 3.75 4.50 5.25 -

Action Measures  Computerization for improving accountability in the system  GIS mapping for having a wide database which can be used for improving the revenue, better planning and implementation

Community awareness officer can be appointed for capacity building of the staff of the ULB as well as mobilising community support for implementation of various projects identified. The community awareness officer shall directly report to CMO of the local body and shall play a pivotal role in project implementation.

10.3.9 Social Infrastructure

Social Infrastructure Projects (2017) Name of the Construction of 6 primary, 2 secondary and 1 school for Project handicap with hostel Education Current educational infrastructure is supporting the current Need of the demand, but additional above listed facilities would be Project needed to support the future demand Municipal Council of Khirkiya 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Education Infrastructure 95.00 142.50 237.50 237.50 237.50 Primary 39.00 58.50 97.50 97.50 97.50 Sr. Secondary 26.00 39.00 65.00 65.00 65.00

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Social Infrastructure Projects (2017) School for Handicapped 30.00 45.00 75.00 75.00 75.00

For next five years Health facilities in the towns are at satisfactory level, health Health infrastructure needs to be developed for long term. As estimated about 04 additional beds will be required for 2037

TABLE 10-11 OTHER INVESTMENT REQUIREMENT- BY 2015 Summary of Investment (Year wise Phasing) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 J Socio-Cultural Facilities 74.38 290.50 362.88 26.00 - 1 Play grounds 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 - 2 Community Hall - 8.00 16.00 16.00 - 3 Development of Mela ground 5.00 20.00 20.00 5.00 - 4 Develop Stadium with shopping arcade 9.38 37.50 46.88 - -

5 Gymnasium / Akhada 5.00 20.00 25.00 - - 6 Student Hostel 50.00 200.00 250.00 - -

K Economy 63.75 149.75 215.75 215.75 50.00 1 Development of Krishi Upaj Mandi 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 - 2 Development of hawker zone 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 - 3 Promotion of cottage and agricultural 10.00 10.00 15.00 15.00 - produce industry 4 Cold Storage and ware house - 36.00 72.00 72.00 - 5 Poultry Farm/Milk center - 50.00 75.00 75.00 50.00

L Heritage & Tourism 2.50 2.50 2.50 7.50 10.00 1 Development Heritage and Tourism 2.50 2.50 2.50 7.50 10.00

M Urban Environment - 12.00 12.00 12.00 4.00 1 Preservation of Water Bodies - 9.00 9.00 9.00 3.00 2 Tree Plantation - 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00

O Others 5.00 109.00 109.00 9.00 3.00 1 Slaughter House 2.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 - 4 Improvement of crematorium/ burial ground - 100.00 100.00 - - 3 Others 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00

10.4 SUMMARY OF THE CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN As mentioned that the total investment required for the next five years for the entire city is Rs. 12,365 lakhs, but out of this about Rs 1482 lakhs required towards education and hospital which will not be required by the ULB as implementation agency for these services is state government.

Following section details about the existing plan under which this investments can be considered.

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10.4.1 Projects under UDISSMT

The projects for investment are eligible for funding under Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small & Medium Towns (UDISSMT). The admissible component under UIDSSMT includes:  Urban Renewal  Water Supply  Sewerage and Sanitation  Solid Waste Management  Construction and improvement of drains/storm water drains  Construction/Upgradation of roads, highways/expressways  Parking lots/spaces on Public Private Partnership basis  Development of heritage areas  Preservation of water bodies.

Inadmissible component for the town included in the CDP includes health and education institutes, power and telecommunication, urban transport, rolling stocks like buses and trams. Figure 10-2 Investment shared by administrative bodies Investment Centre Sl. No. Sectors Need till 2017 State Share ULB Share Share (Rs. Lakhs) 0.8 0.1 0.1 1 Water Supply 903.6 722.8 90.4 90.4 2 Sewerage & Sanitation 632.9 506.3 63.3 63.3 3 Roads & Urban Transport 3988.3 3190.6 398.8 398.8 4 Sreet Lighting 102.2 81.8 10.2 10.2 5 Storm Water Drains 120.6 96.5 12.1 12.1 6 Solid Waste Management 70.2 56.2 7.0 7.0 7 Socio-Cultural Facilities 753.8 603.0 75.4 75.4 8 Heritage and tourism 25.0 20.0 2.5 2.5 9 Urban Environment 40.0 32.0 4.0 4.0 Total Investment 6636.54 5309.23 663.65 663.65

10.4.2 Projects under IHSDP

The sharing of funds under the scheme would be in the ratio of 80:20 between the central government and the state government/ ULB.

A minimum 12% beneficiary contribution with bank loan should be stipulated under the scheme (10% in case of SC/ ST/ BC/ OBC/ PH and other weaker sections). Funds from MPLAD and MLALAD could be channelized towards the project cost. However, these funds would not substitute beneficiary contribution.

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TABLE 10-12 INVESTMENT FOR PROJECTS UNDER IHSDP

Component State/ Particulars cost Central ULB Remarks State/ ULB may raise part of their 80 20 contribution from beneficiary

contribution. Urban Poor/ Slums' 580.00 464.00 116.00 Improvement

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11.0 SUSTAINABLE FINANCIAL AND OPERATING PLAN

Financial operating plan in term of City Development Plan is the financial plan for urban local body, providing scientifically calculated forecast of finance for short, medium and long term based on previous year performance of ULB. FOP also guide and provide options and methods to increase income and decrease expense to achieve sustainable operation of Finances.

The sustainable investment capacity of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad is assessed through a Financial Operating Plan (FOP), which gives a yearly forecast of finances for the long term i.e. year 2012-13 to year 2036-37. A salient feature of the FOP is that all outstanding dues, including debt and non-debt liabilities if any, have been taken into account.

The accounts data of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad between the years 2008-09and 2011-12 are used as the basis for determining past trends in revenue and expenditure and arriving at appropriate growth assumptions for each of the income and expense items. After forecasting the revenue account, the capital investments proposed under the CIP are added to the forecast. The FOP is generated to assess the investment sustaining capacity of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad.

The project funding structure comprises grants similar to as under the UIDSSMT framework (accounting for 90% of the funding), internal resources and loans accounting for the rest. The level of investment that Khirkiya Nagar Parishad can sustain is determined by studying the overall surpluses/ year-to-year opening balance and debt service coverage ratio. If the Debt Service Coverage Ratio - DSCR (amount of surplus available to pay interest and to repay principal that is due) falls below 1, then the investments are reduced gradually till the DSCR exceeds 1 in all the years in the forecast period.

The main items of income and expenditure, classified into the revenue account and the capital account, are projected in the FOP under the following categories.

11.1 CATEGORIES OF FOP PROJECTIONS

1. Revenue Account Receipts: a. Taxes, Non Tax Sources, Assigned Revenue and b. Grants, Contribution and Subsidies 2. Revenue Account Expenditure: a. Establishment b. Operation and Maintenance c. Debt Servicing- Existing and New Loans d. Phasing of non-debt liabilities, and e. Additional O&M 3. Capital Income and 4. Capital Expenditure

11.2 FINANCING STRATEGIES FOR THE CIP

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In determining a long-term financial strategy, Khirkiya Nagar Parishad plans to raise resources and fund the CIP through:  Grants available on the pattern of UIDSSMT Framework (as percent of investment proposed for funding by the year 2017 in urban governance and infrastructure sectors – 80% central government grants and 10% state government grants). In this grant is not considered for capital cost towards projects identified for economic development and urban governance.  Available internal resources and improving upon the same through o Revision of the Unit Area Value at certain levels, which would lead to revision in Annual letting Value (applicable for Khirkiya Nagar Parishad) o Revision of water charges at specific intervals o Introduction of sewerage charges in 2012-13, after implementing the sewerage project o Maintenance of the collection performance of taxes and charges at certain minimum levels for current and for arrears o Borrowings from market or financial institutions

11.3 FINANCE PROJECTIONS

Current revenue sources are projected under built-in growth assumptions for income and expenditure items, to assess the impact of each such revenue enhancement measure being suggested. The projections also aim at estimating the surplus that will be available for servicing new debt. Part of the surplus, after meeting the additional O&M expenses on newly created assets and infrastructure, is translated into debt size and project size (grant component plus debt component) based on certain assumptions regarding interest rate, repayment method and loan-grant mix.

A spread sheet FOP model has been customised to depict the financial position of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad and the investment sustaining capacity of Nagar Parishad is assessed based on the FOP assumptions. The model was used to calculate future surpluses under various scenarios involving combinations of internal revenue improvement, state support, and financing terms.

11.3.1 Municipal Account – Growth Projections and Assumptions

The standard assumptions under which the projections are carried out and certain expenditure control and revenue augmentation measures proposed in line with the mandatory and optional reforms under the UIDSSMT framework are presented in Table 11-1.

TABLE 11-1: IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS MADE IN THE PROJECTIONS Head Assumptions Guiding Factor for Assessing the Sustaining Capacity Surplus Positive surplus - year on year basis DSCR Greater than 1 Project Financing – for admissible Components under UIDSSMT Project Costing Unit Cost, with 10% of physical contingency and 5 % Cost escalation factor New/additional O & M and from

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Head Assumptions second year of investment 5% growth is considered for the additional O & 5% of Capital cost M Grant from GoI 80% of Proposed Projects Grant from GoMP 10% of Proposed Projects If loan for balance funding Repayment in 12 years, with 3 year principal moratorium @ 8 % interest rate Old outstanding loans As per existing terms and conditions Revenue Expenditure Growth in expenditure Actual average growth with a minimum 8% and maximum of 10% (based on last five years trend) Pay Commission Revision Pay Commission revision- additional 10% from 2013-14 every five years Assumption for assessment of Nepanagar Nagar Palika ’s sustainability Income Items Growth in revenue income Actual average growth with a minimum 8% and maximum of 12% (based on last five years trend) Property Tax: Propose to introduce from FY 2008-09 Annual growth in assessment 2% per annum Increase in assessment by survey 2265 properties Initial revision in 2013-14 100% of the existing Revision of tax 25% every five years Collection performance 85% or current average whichever is higher by 2017-18 Income Items- Water Supply Annual growth in water connection - Regularisation of water connection 3811 Initial revision in water tariffs by 50% in FY 20012-13 Next Revisions in water tariffs by 30% every five years Initial revision - new Connection fee by 50% in FY 2012-13 Future revision - new Connection fee by 25% every five years Collection performance 85% by 2017-18 Income Items- Sewerage Sewerage charge 50% of water charges in 2012-13 New connection fee Rs. 1000 per connections Future revision - new connection fee by 30% every five years Collection performance 85% by 2017-18

11.4 INVESTMENT CAPACITY/ SUSTENANCE

Given the existing financial position of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad, the revenue and capital accounts are projected against the growth scenario and assumptions presented above. The FOP is generated from the sustainable investment point of view in line with current growth trends against the identified investment for the Nagar Palika of Rs. 76.00 crores at constant prices till 2017 (of the total Rs. 85.49 crores investment identified for funding till 2017, which includes health and education).

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11.4.1 Impact of Reforms on Investment Capacity of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad

Case 1: Base Investment Capacity Base Investment Capacity is estimated considering business as usual case, where Khirkiya Nagar Parishad (GNP) has not taken any grant and has not done any reforms to increase their revenue income. At this scenario KNP will not be able to sustain the investment for proposed project because revenue expenditures are too high.

Case 2: With reforms in Property Tax, Water Charges and Sewerage charges This case assumes the reforms in property tax, water and sewerage have been implemented. In this case also KNP will not be able to make its finance sustainable for any percentage of total investment.

Case 3: Reforms and grants similar to UIDSSMT This case assumes that all the reforms suggested above are being implemented and grants similar to UIDSSMT or other similar government grants are also availed. In this scenario also the Nagar Parishad sustainable capacity remains zero as high revenue expenses kept the municipal receipt in deficit.

Case 4: Reforms and grants similar to UIDSSMT along with debt Funding This case assumes that all the reforms suggested above are being implemented and grants similar to UIDSSMT and debt funding are also availed. Only In this scenario Nagar Parishad‟s is able to achieve sustainable capacity to 25.00%. Now Nagar Parishad will be able to sustain investment of about Rs. 19.00 crores at constant price and Rs. 19.95 crores at current price.

The four cases considered as shown in Figure 11.1 and sustainability was checked.

Figure 11-1 Finance sustainability check

11.4.2 Fund Requirement

For the identified investment for the Nagar Parishad of Rs. 76.00 crores at constant prices only Rs. 19.95 crores is sustainable. Table 11-2 shows the funding pattern for sustainable investment.

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TABLE 11-2: CIP FUNDING PATTERN Amount (Rs. % of Total SN Mode of Funding Source Crores) Investment Khirkiya Nagar Parishad Total Identified Investment till 2017 ( constant prices) 76.00 100 Sustainable Investment till 2017 (constant price) 19.00 25 Sustainable Investment (current) 19.95 1 Grants Similar to UIDSSMT 17.95 90.00 2 Loans Open Market/ FIs 1.05 5.24 3 Own sources Nagar Palika 0.95 4.76

From the above analysis, it is very clear that ULB alone even with the grant support under scheme similar to UIDSSMT and reforms will not be able to implement 100% of the projects identified under the City Investment Plan (CIP). But they can substantially increase their sustainable capacity with these reforms. So, it is recommended that ULB along the support from UADD, GoMP should try to develop few projects as PPP model and additional grant support from GoMP.

It is also recommended that on the same lines of the National Urban Information System (NUIS) programme for strengthening of information system at Municipal Corporation level, GoMP should also provide support to all the local bodies in Madhya Pradesh, which are not covered in the mentioned programme.

11.5 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN

Based on all the assumption discussed in the exhibit on assumptions for projections and the implementation of the strategies to improve sustainability of Khirkiya Nagar Parishad, the FOP has been prepared. The summary of final revenue model is presented inError! Reference source not found..

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TABLE 11-3 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN Financial Projections Financial Year ------> 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

Estimat Figures in Rs. Lakhs Projection e Khirkiya Nagar Parishad

SUMMARY

i Opening balance 71.10 79.20 87.81 100.48 121.29 148.62 163.78 234.21 298.20 375.39 469.87

ii Revenue Receipts 368.87 440.48 519.22 594.32 665.43 725.35 834.20 897.78 987.49 1088.38 1203.57

iii Revenue Expenditure 417.36 445.19 523.86 578.55 632.78 689.47 763.77 833.79 910.30 993.91 1085.28

iv Municipal receipts 898.87 720.26 969.27 1103.87 1192.29 963.63 834.20 897.78 987.49 1088.38 1203.57

v Municipal expenditure 890.76 711.65 956.59 1083.06 1164.97 948.46 763.77 833.79 910.30 993.91 1085.28

New Debt Servicing Exp. 1.60 4.02 6.24 9.21 11.01 12.48 13.74 13.87 13.87 13.87 New O&M Exp. 0.00 13.32 21.64 25.23 26.61

vi Revenue Surplus/ Deficit for the year -48.50 -4.71 -4.64 15.77 32.65 35.88 70.43 63.99 77.19 94.48 118.28

Municipal Surplus/ Deficit for the vii 8.10 8.61 12.67 20.81 27.32 15.16 70.43 63.99 77.19 94.48 118.28 year vii Closing balance 79.20 87.81 100.48 121.29 148.62 163.78 234.21 298.20 375.39 469.87 588.15 i ix Performance Indicators

DSCR 5.38 3.15 3.33 2.97 1.38 5.65 4.66 5.56 6.81 8.52

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11.6 PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROJECTS FOR ULB

Since the sustainability of the Khirkiya Nagar Parishad is only 25.00% even with the grant support under schemes on the pattern of UIDSSMT scheme, reforms and debt funding, public private partnership can be explored in some of the sectors. Public Private Partnerships (PPP) is an important mechanism to bring investments and improve services provided by the Nagar Parishad. Involvement of private sector will bring efficiency in implementation of projects and cut down time and cost. Private sector will also bring innovation in the design and construction practices. PPP can be explored for projects/sectors provided in Table 11-4

TABLE 11-4: PROBABLE PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROJECT FOR KHIRKIYA Sector Project Type of PPP Mode of Implementation Water Supply Supply and Management ULB develops the facility and private transmission contract sector assumes the responsibility for operations and maintenance Solid Waste Door-to-door Service contract The service can be contracted out by the Management collection and ULB to a private operator. Payment is transportation usually on fee per task basis. Treatment & BOT/Concession A separate treatment and disposal Disposal option for the quantum of waste generated may not be financially viable. BOT/Concession type of contract can be explored in case of regional landfill Integrated waste BOT /Concession Integrated collection and transportation collection and development of regional disposal transportation and site can be evaluated for Nepanagar. regional disposal Sewerage Operation and Management contract ULB develops the facility and private Maintenance of sector assumes the responsibility for sewerage system operations and maintenance Sanitation Construction, BOT/concession Private operator will develop the operation & sanitation facility in the city, providing maintenance the service, operations and maintenance and collect charges. Roads and Construction, , BOT/concession Certain road sections can be developed Transportation Operation & on BOT basis Maintenance

Other Projects School, Concession Private operator will develop the Gymnasium & facilities in the city, providing the Community centre service, operations and maintenance and collect charges.

Note: Some of the PPP projects may not be viable currently on account of small scale of operations. However, with increase in quantum of services required in the later years of the CDP, PPP for most of the service can be explored.

The following section discusses some of the advantages disadvantage of PPP. ULB should take any decision after taking into account feasibility of the project both advantages and limitations of the PPP. Advantage  Increase in the efficiency of service delivery through structured process.

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 Application of latest technology & system  Reduction in unaccounted loses and increased level of service.  Reduction in O&M costs in terms of power consumption and fuel chemical usage therefore reducing ULB‟s O&M cost  Immediate & timely complaint redressing mechanism  Increase in consumer satisfaction.

Disadvantage  Privatized system also requires strict performance indicators and monitoring mechanism which would avoid private operators to cut cost in terms of using inferior quality materials, repairs and services.  In general private players/ operators would prefer to bring their own skilled work forces to carry out services which would provide them better control and monitoring mechanism. This would directly affect the ULB‟s work force which is currently executing the project.

Introduction of some extra measures by ULBs to make the system flawless can be evaluated after giving each a due consideration.

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Appendix 1 – Minutes of meeting for 3rd Workshop

The Third workshop at Khirkiya was held on 2nd July 2012. Stakeholders from diverse background like elected representatives, journalists, NGOs were present in the meeting. The team from SENES Consultants India Pvt. Ltd., presented planning proposals for each sector which had been surveyed and analyzed at town level and presented in 2nd workshop on 15 Feb 2012. The planning proposals have been prepared in order to strengthen the infrastructure of town for next 25 years. The proposals are prepared and shown as maps and articles, explaining the procedure, process and tentative location of projects and its impact over town‟s development. Other than infrastructure, proposals are also presented to strengthen the economic, social, health and educational sectors too. At the end of presentation, overall cost of all proposed projects was also shown to stakeholders. The stakeholders has appreciated the presentation and also provided their valuable suggestions.

Presented By: SENES Consultants 1. Ms. Daya Handa 2. Mr. Manjeet Singh

Stakeholders who participated in the workshop were: 1. Mrs. Sangita Rai 2. Mr. Onkar Bhan 3. Mr. Ramesh Ji Lomare 4. Mr. Dilip Singh Rajput 5. Mr. Sanjay Aggrawal 6. Mr. Ramdaas 7. Mr. Aatma Ram 8. Mr. Ramesh Chandra Mahajan 9. Mr. Abdul Khan 10. Mr. L.N Malviya 11. Mr. Rakesh 12. Mr. Ravi Shankar Onkar 13. Mr. Suresh 14. Mr. Ramnivas Patel 15. Mr. Ashok Singh Thakur

Agenda of the Meeting  Introduction of CDP and City profile  Sector wise proposed projects along with present condition and future demand- supply gaps  Recording citizens Suggestion over the proposed projects.

Meeting Description: Introduction to participation was given by Khirkiya‟s CMO Mr V.C. Mishra On behalf of SENES Consultants, Mr. Manjeet Singh with his team member Ms. Daya Handa gave the presentation, introducing the sector-wise planning proposals for present infrastructure of Khirkiya. The forum had representation comprising of doctors, businessmen, employees and MLAs. The citizen along with the CMO and other municipal officers were taken through the summary of city which included the history, topography, linkage, climatic information, demographic and population projection. In next

July 2013 SENES Consultants India 168 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh step sector wise city profile with demand supply gaps and majorly proposals and projects were presented, followed by overall cost of proposed projects. After the presentation, the citizens were asked to give their comments and suggestion over the proposed projects. Significant number of citizens shared their aspiration.

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July 2013 SENES Consultants India 170 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Appendix 2-Minutes of meetings for Sector Analysis and City Vision Workshop

The first Stakeholders workshop at Khirkiya was held on 15th Feb 2012. Stakeholders from diverse background like elected representatives, journalists were present in the meeting. The stakeholders appreciated the approach to planning as proposed for the CDP and showed keen interest to contribute. Following Stakeholders were present for the Workshop.

Stake Holders: 16. Mr. B.K. Mishra 17. Ms. S.C. Hardwaj 18. Ms. Manish Rai 19. Ms. Rajesh Gupta 20. Ms. Onkar Bhau 21. Mr. Ramesh Ji Lomare 22. Mr. Sanjay Aggrawal 23. Mr. Ganesh Meena 24. Mr. Ravi Shnakar Onkar 25. Mr. Chatar Singh 26. Mr. B.A. Beeder 27. Mr. Abdul Khan 28. Mr. Laxmi Narayan Malviya 29. Mr. Ashok Singh Thakur 30. Mr. Amit Modle

Agenda of the Meeting:  Discussion on existing status of infrastructure in city  Introduction to the city vision and sectoral goals  Recording citizens view on sectoral goals and prioritization of sectors accordingly.

Meeting Description: On behalf of SENES Consultants, Mr. Bidit Kumar Sikdar and Mr. Manjeet Singh gave the presentation introducing the contents of the City Development Plan for Khirkiya. The forum had representation comprising of doctors, businessmen, employees and MLAs. The citizen along with the CMO and other municipal officers were taken through existing status of infrastructure, according to the sector in the city considering all the issue related to the economic growth, infrastructure, utility and services. After the discussions, the citizens were asked to give their views and vision about the city. The discussion was concluded with the prioritization of sectoral goals. Significant number of citizens and stakeholders shared their aspiration.

Comments and suggestion provided by the stakeholders:  Emphasis should be on drinking water.  Bye pass for the city near railway crossing is required.  There are no ITI or Science College.

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 Submerged area near Harsud can be developed into a tourist spot.

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Appendix 3-Minutes of meetings for Kick-off Workshop

The first Stakeholders workshop at Khirkiya was held on 15th Nov 2011. Stakeholders from diverse background like elected representatives, journalists, NGOs were present in the meeting. The stakeholders appreciated the approach to planning as proposed for the CDP and showed keen interest to contribute. Following Stakeholders were present for the Workshop.

Stake Holders: 1. Mr. Sandip Bhudariya 2. Ms. Gayatri Khooshal 3. Ms. Pooja jain 4. Ms. Preeti 5. Ms. Sangeeta Rai 6. Mr. Ramesh Lomare 7. Mr. S C Hardwaj (Sub-Engineer) 8. Mr. Sanjay Aggrawal 9. Mr. Pramod Sharama 10. Mr. Ramnivas Patel 11. Mr. Ashok Kumar 12. Mr. Rakesh Parashar 13. Mr. Sonu Tiwari 14. Mr. Bhojraj Pande 15. Mr. Golu Darbar 16. Mr. Daleep Singh 17. Mr. Pradeep Singh Rajput 18. Mr. Man Singh 19. Mr. Praful Verma 20. Mr. Sumit Barat 21. Mr. Vipul Kumar Sharma 22. Mr. Bidit Kumar Sikdar

Agenda of the Meeting:  Introduction to the City Development Plan  Emphasising importance of participation and data generation.  Recording citizens views about the city development and future.

Meeting Description: On behalf of SENES Consultants, Mr. Sumit Barat along with his team members gave the presentation introducing the contents of the City Development Plan for Khirkiya. The citizens along with the CMO and the other municipal officers were taken through all the steps and their relevance in the proper development of the city considering all the issues related to the economic growth, infrastructure, utility and services. After the discussion the citizens were asked to give their views and vision about the city. A brief summary of the outcome of the discussion is presented in the following section:

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Comments and suggestion provided by the stakeholders:  Emphasis should be on drinking water.  There is a Requirement of a park  Bye pass for the city is required.  There is unemployment.  There are no ITI and no Science College.  Electricity is available for only 6 hours.  No X-Ray facility in hospitals.  Khirkiya has become a major hub of transport.  Harsud Chanera had got submerged and as a result a lot of people migrated to Khirkiya.  Fishing is a major activity because of Indira Sagar reservoir.

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July 2013 SENES Consultants India 177 City Development Plan – Khirkiya, Madhya Pradesh

Appendix 4-Members of Standing Committee

4

July 2013 SENES Consultants India