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El Sistema De Seguro De Depósitos Como Parte De La Red De Protección

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El Sistema De Seguro De Depósitos Como Parte De La Red De Protección EL SISTEMA DE SEGURO DE DEPOSITOS Compendio basado en los Simposios de SEDESA SEDESA Agosto de 2002 EL SISTEMA DE SEGURO DE DEPOSITOS COMPENDIO BASADO EN LOS SIMPOSIOS DE SEDESA Agosto de 2002 SSD - Compendio de Simposios Página INDICE CAPITULO I La red de protección bancaria. Michael Taylor - David Hoelscher - Adolfo Diz - José Carlos Jaime 9 CAPITULO II El sistema de seguro de depósitos como parte de la red de protección. 1. Origen del sistema de seguro de depósitos. Carlos Isoard y Viesca 15 2. Los principios económicos del seguro de depósitos. Adolfo Diz 16 3. El SSD como consecuencia de las crisis. José Carlos Jaime 18 4. Tendencia actual: protección explícita, limitada, fondeo ex ante. José Carlos Jaime 19 5. Posibilidad de conflicto con otras agencias. José Carlos Jaime 20 6. Los escollos para un SSD. 20 6.1. Riesgo moral. Gillian García 21 6.2. Selección adversa. Gillian García 21 6.3. Problemas de agencia. Gillian García 22 6.4. Algunas conclusiones sobre el SSD. José Carlos Jaime 22 CAPITULO III Objetivos del sistema de seguro de depósitos. 1. Estabilidad financiera y protección al depositante. José Carlos Jaime 23 2. Objetivos e instrumentos. José Carlos Jaime - Adolfo Diz 23 3. Objetivos e instituciones. Stefan Ingves 24 4. Exclusiones. Stefan Ingves 24 CAPITULO IV Condiciones básicas para el buen funcionamiento de un sistema de seguro de depósitos. 1. Factores que señala el FMI. Carl J. Lindgren 27 2. Red de protección bancaria adecuada. Martín Lagos 27 3. Explícito. Martín Lagos 28 4. Cobertura limitada. Martín Lagos 28 5. Obligatorio. Martín Lagos 29 6. Prima ajustable. Martín Lagos 29 7. Ex ante. Martín Lagos 29 8. Otro enfoque. Carl J. Lindgren 30 8.1. Objetivos viables. 31 8.2. Cobertura limitada. 31 8.3. Sistema bancario sólido. 31 8.4. Sistema de salida para bancos no viables. 32 8.5. Supervisión y proompt coorrective actio n. 33 8.6. Adecuado a las circunstancias de cada país. 33 SEDESA • 3 SSD - Compendio de Simposios Página 8.7. Instituciones judiciales y administrativas. 34 9. Mejores prácticas. 34 CAPITULO V Evolución de los sistemas de seguro de depósitos y esquemas actuales. Apéndice estadístico. Gillian García. 1. Cambios en los esquemas. 35 2. Conclusiones. 37 3. Apéndice estadístico. 38 CAPITULO VI El riesgo moral. 1. Escollo del SSD. José Carlos Jaime - José A.Tuya 51 2. Demasiado grande para caer. José A. Tuya. 52 3. Contención del riesgo moral. Gillian García 52 4. El riesgo moral del banquero. Aristóbulo de Juan 54 5. El riesgo moral de los depositantes. Aristóbulo de Juan 54 6. El riesgo moral de los acreedores. Aristóbulo de Juan 55 7. El riesgo moral de los deudores. Aristóbulo de Juan 55 8. El riesgo moral de los supervisores. Aristóbulo de Juan 56 CAPITULO VII Modalidades del sistema de seguro de depósito. 1. Alternativas. Gillian García - Roberto Moretti. 57 2. Administración y poderes del SSD. Roberto Moretti - Jean Pierre Sabourin. 57 3. Conflictos de interés. Roberto Moretti. 60 4. El concepto del coseguro. Stefan Ingves. 60 CAPITULO VIII Cobertura y financiamiento. 1. Reglas empírica del FMI. Carl A. Lindgren - Gillian García 61 2. Ajuste de la cobertura y propuestas de corrección. Arthur J. Murton 62 3. Financiamiento. José Carlos Jaime - Gillian García 63 4. Primas. José Carlos Jaime - Gillian García 64 5. La experiencia de EE.UU. La ratio reserva / depósitos. Arthur J. Murton 65 6. Excepción por riesgo sistémico. Arthur J. Murton 66 7. El caso de SEDESA. José Carlos Jaime 67 8. Financiación suplementaria. Gillian García 67 9. Primas ajustables por riesgo. Gillian García 68 4 • SEDESA SSD - Compendio de Simposios Página CAPITULO IX Relaciones entre seguro de depósitos y regulación y supervisión bancarias. 1. Razones para la coordinación. Martín Lagos 69 2. ¿Debe el SSD tener poderes de supervisión? Martín Lagos 70 3. ¿Debe el SSD tener poderes en la reestructuración de bancos? Martín Lagos 70 4. Cobranza de activos rescatables. Martín Lagos 71 5. Experiencia argentina. - la exclusión de activos. Martín Lagos 71 6. La experiencia italiana. Roberto Moretti 72 7. Comparación internacional. Roberto Moretti 72 8. La CDIC de Canadá minimiza la exposición a pérdidas. Jean Pierre Sabourin 73 9. El seguro de depósitos ha afectado los métodos de supervisión en EE.UU. José A. Tuya 75 10. Supervisión basada en el riesgo. José A. Tuya 76 11. Cuestiones involucradas en la relación supervisor - asegurador (FDIC). George French 78 11.1. Limitación de recursos. 78 11.2. Evitar cargas reguladoras excesivas. 78 11.3. Restricción del crédito. 78 11.4. Estabilidad financiera. 79 11.5. Requerimientos de pruebas. 79 12. Sistema de alerta temprano. George French 80 13. Los co re principles. Elizabeth Roberts 80 CAPITULO X Arquitectura financiera internacional. 1. Diseño deliberado. V. Sundararajan 83 2. Definición. Carlos Isoard y Viesca 83 3. Propuestas de reformas. Carlos Isoard y Viesca 84 4. Normativas internacionales. V. Sundararajan 85 5. Liberalización del movimiento de capitales. V. Sundararajan 86 6. Programa de evaluación del sector financiero. V. Sundararajan 86 7. Pautas para regímenes de insolvencia. V. Sundararajan 88 8. Gestión de administración de las crisis. V. Sundararajan 89 9. Instituciones participantes en la arquitectura financiera internacional. André Icard 89 10. El BIS y el Comité de Basilea. André Icard 90 11. El Foro de Estabilidad Financiera - Características. André Icard 91 12. El Foro de Estabilidad Financiera - Areas de reformas. Pierre Cailleteau 93 13. La supervisión de la banca ooff shoore y el FSF. José A. Tuya 94 14. Off shoore y confidencialidad. José A. Tuya 97 CAPITULO XI Crisis financiera y reestructuración de bancos. 1. Causas. Miguel Martín Fernández 99 2. Las crisis bancarias como desencadenantes de reformas. Aristóbulo de Juan 99 3. La evolución reciente de la regulación y supervisión. Aristóbulo de Juan 100 SEDESA • 5 SSD - Compendio de Simposios Página 4. La reestructuración bancaria, el “pariente pobre”. Aristóbulo de Juan 101 5. Todos soñamos con sistemas con una mínima intervención del gobierno. Aristóbulo de Juan 102 6. La reestructuración generalizada para casos de insolvencia extendida y de crisis sistémica. Aristóbulo de Juan 105 6.1. Combinaciones y prioridades que se sugieren. 105 6.2. El préstamo de última instancia. 105 6.3. Otras medidas generalizadas. 107 7. Medidas caso a caso. La ausencia de medidas. Aristóbulo de Juan 108 8. El cierre de bancos y el seguro de depósitos. Aristóbulo de Juan 109 8.1. Cuándo cerrar. 109 8.2. El seguro de depósitos. 110 9. La reestructuración bancaria. Aristóbulo de Juan 112 9.1. El principio R.P.A. 112 9.2. Dos modelos típicos: resumen. 113 9.3. Compra de activos y asunción de pasivos. 113 9.4. Recapitalización: objetivos e intentos iniciales. 114 9.5. Inyección de capital por instituciones del gobierno. 115 9.6. Compra y liquidaciones de los activos malos. 118 10. Nueva administración: elemento clave. Aristóbulo de Juan 121 10.1. Nueva gestión inicial y final. 121 10.2. ¿Dónde encontrar a los nuevos gerentes? 122 10.3. Gestión puente. 122 11. Nueva propiedad. Aristóbulo de Juan 123 11.1. La salida de los dueños anteriores. 123 11.2. Entrada de nuevos propietarios. 124 11.3. Propiedad puente. 126 12. Otras áreas a cubrir. Aristóbulo de Juan 126 13. Resumen de principios y directrices. Aristóbulo de Juan 127 14. El "multiplicador por dos". Aristóbulo de Juan 129 15. La FDIC y la least cost resolution. Arthur J. Murton 130 16. Acción correctiva pronta (PCA). Gillian García 133 17. Resolución de entidades. La experiencia argentina. Hugo Bruzone 134 18. La experiencia en el sudeste asiático. Jonathan Fiechter 136 19. Definiciones del riesgo. José A. Tuya 140 CAPITULO XII Cambios en la banca mundial. Miguel Martín Fernández 1. Fuerzas actuantes. 143 2. Cambios recientes. 143 3. La evolución de los bancos españoles. 145 6 • SEDESA SSD - Compendio de Simposios Página CAPITULO XIII Dinero electrónico y banca electrónica. Adolfo Diz 1. Dinero electrónico. 147 2. Sistemas abiertos y cerrados. 147 3. Difusión. 148 4. Reglamentación. 148 5. Banca electrónica. 148 6. Banca virtual. 149 7. Bancos agregadores. 149 8. J ooint ventures. 149 9. Evolución en EE.UU. 150 10. Servicios que ofrecen. 150 11. Futuro. 151 12. Manejo de riesgos. 152 CAPITULO XIV El sistema de seguro de depósitos en diferentes países. 1. La Argentina. 155 1.1. Regulación bancaria y evolución en los últimos años. Martín Lagos 155 1.2. El SSD argentino y SEDESA. Pedro Pou 158 1.3. Limitaciones en la Argentina - Calidad de los activos del Banco Central. José Carlos Jaime 159 1.4. Regimen Legal. Jorge Labanca 160 2. Canadá. Jean Pierre Sabourin 162 3. España. Aristóbulo de Juan 165 4. Estados Unidos. José A. Tuya 167 4.1. Controlador de la moneda (Co mptro ller o f Currency). 167 4.2. La FDIC. 167 4.3. El seguro de depósitos en los Estados Unidos. 168 4.4. La FSLIC. 168 4.5. La FDICIA. 169 4.6. Supervisión pre-FFDICIA. 170 4.7. Supervisión post-FFDICIA. 171 4.8. Supervisión de la Administración del Riesgo. 171 4.9. Supervisión por parte del Congreso. 173 4.10. Ley de reinversión en la comunidad (CRA). 174 4.11. Actividades bancarias permisibles. 174 4.12. Conclusión. 175 5. Italia. Roberto Moretti 176 6. México. Ingrid Cerwinka 177 SEDESA • 7 SSD - Compendio de Simposios PROLOGO A partir de Abril de 1999 SEDESA reúne anualmente tanto a responsables de la administración de sistemas de seguro de depósitos como a analistas y directivos de bancos centrales, organismos internacionales, a exponer en simposios ad hoc sus expe- riencias y conocimiento sobre esta materia. Efectuando un relevamiento del material suministrado y de las versiones de lo expuesto, esta sociedad atento a la calidad de las exposiciones, ha considerado conve- niente difundirlo, en un área menos restringida que la que configuran los participantes al simposio.
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