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Folklife Center News, Volume VIII Number 4 (October-December 1985). American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

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Folklife Center News, Volume VIII Number 4 (October-December 1985). American Folklife Center, Library of Congress American Folklife Center Library of Congress October-December 1985 Volume VIII, Number 1: Mississippi Fiddle Music Omaha Pow-Wow Revisited Folklife Annual 1985 Publications OMAHA INDIAN MUSIC HISTORIC RECORDINGS FROM THE FLETCHER/LA FLESCHE COLLECTION beneficial. But I am troubled when I tribution of the scholars-the contribu­ FOLKLIFE CENTER NEWS hear passionate advocacy accompanied tion of naming-has not only preceded by disparaging remarks about scholars but served as a prerequisite to the work a quarterly publication of the who categorize culture instead of help­ of the activists, one might vote in favor American Folklife Center ing it. There is room in our field for both of the scholars' contribution. But my analyzers and helpers of culture, both real moral is that scholar and activist at the taxonomists and advocates. In fact, the work symbiotically in our civilization, Library of Congress same person can do both, and a careful and naming is fundamental to what they analysis helps the advocate to advocate. accomplish. Alan Jabbour, Director I would argue further that taxonomic This train of thought was prompted analysis, category-making, describ­ by my observing that a phrase the Ray Dockstader, Deputy Director ing- giving names to things-can have American Folklife Center seems to have Carl Fleischhauer as powerful an impact on cultural con­ coined is now working its way into other Mary Hufford servation as direct cultural assistance. areas of society. It is neither as tangible Dorothy Sara Lee When I was growing up in Jackson­ as "dogtrot house" nor as particular as Folklife Specialists ville, Florida, we all used one word to "blues ballad" or "urban legend," and Peter T. Bartis, Folklife Researcher describe the modest frame dwellings one it describes not what folklorists study but Patricia M. Markland, Program Assistant encountered throughout the rural land­ rather a cultural system that includes the Brett Topping, Writer-Editor scape of North Florida and in the work of folklorists in it. The phrase-or Magdalena Gi!insky, Contracts Specialist working-class neighborhoods in town. perhaps term-is cultural conservation. It Doris Craig, Administrative Secretary Lisa Oshins, Staff Assistant The word was "shack." With that word is defined in the policy study that takes as our guide, it is no wonder people it as a title-Cultural Conservation: The Pro­ Tel: 202 287-6590 agreed that such houses were a blight on tect.ion of Cultural Heritage in the United the landscape; the very name "shack" States, coordinated by Ormond H. Archive of Folk Culture implied it. Loomis (Washington, D.C . : The Joseph C. Hickerson, Head Little did I know that, while I was Library of Congress, 1983). This col­ Gerald E. Parsons, Jr., Reference Librarian learning the word and worldview umn has previously reflected upon our Marsha Maguire, Archivist "shack," scholarly pioneers like Fred goals in the study itself ( Folklife Center Sebastian LoCurto, Staff Assistant Aldona Kamantauskas, Staff Assistant Kniffen were learning to see something News, Vol. V, No. 4, October 1982). more complex and interesting than what For now our subject is the phrase and Tel: 202 287-5510 I saw. They categorized buildings, its history as an example of naming. assigned names, speculated on tax­ Why we coined the term is perhaps Federal Cylinder Project onomic relationships, and began map­ the easiest part of the mystery of nam­ Dorothy Sara Lee, Director ping them as evidence of the regional ing to unravel. Our mandate, in The Judith A. Gray, Ethnomusicologist diffusion of American culture. Turning Historic Preservation Act Amendments an undifferentiated corpus of materials of 1980, was to provide a report on Tel: 202 287-9022 into an intelligible universe- bringing "preserving and conserving the intangi­ Washington, D.C. 20540 order out of chaos- takes a formidable ble elements of our cultural heritage.'' amount of naming, and the vocabulary But two considerations inclined us to they invented mixes terms borrowed search for a new term. First, the word Managing Editor: Brett Topping from tradition (dogtrot house, shotgun "intangible" defines negatively; it tells house) with terms invented or not what something is, but what it is not. shanghaied for the purpose. The whole Such words historically provide poor an­ process was full of the heady excitement chorage, and we wanted a better DIRECTOR'S COLUMN of discovery. In the 1960s I first en­ keyword in the report. Second, we saw countered their work, and I recall the that the report had to deal not only with Sometimes I think that we folklorists sensation of having the blinders fall away intangible elements of culture but with make our greatest mark upon society from my eyes. By the 1970s their ter­ tangible elements as well. What was when we name things. Taxonomists will minology was cropping up in the con­ needed was a conceptual system that take comfort in my assertion, but others versations of preservationists, and by the related efforts involving intangible may find it wrong-headed. For over a 1980s it was possible to visit a town like elements of culture to similar efforts on decade we have focused on assistance to Louisville, Kentucky and have people behalf of tangible cultural artifacts. and advocacy for the people we study. from all walks oflife point with pride to "Cultural conservation" was our ter­ A willingness to undertake "hands-on" the "shotgun houses" lining their minological solution. We designated it work with various cultural traditions has neighborhoods. as the overarching term for an in­ become a virtual prerequisite for public­ It is intriguing to ask: Who con­ tegrated, comprehensive system for sector folklife positions. Now I am a tributes more to preserving vernacular working with cultural traditions. Within tireless advocate of advocacy, and our architecture in America, the scholar who it we discerned two subsystems for fervor to be helpful to the cultural tradi­ categorizes it or the advocate who urges cultural efforts: preservation and encourage­ tions we admire has no doubt been us not to tear it down? Since the con­ ment. Within each subsystem we 2 OCTOBER-DECEMBER specified various cultural strategies that it is hard to imagine our being the first it will certainly spread the term and con­ could be employed. We selected conser­ to happen upon it. Archie Green once cept to thousands ofvisitors drawn from vation over preservation as the com­ mentioned having come upon "folklife" the general public. More recently, a live­ prehensive term for a host of (or perhaps "folk life") in a 19th-century ly debate inspired by the cultural con­ complicated reasons, ranging from the publication, though we think of it as a servation theme at the festival burst connotations ofthe two terms in current more contemporary term in English. upon the pages of The American Folklore usage to the fact that "cultural conser­ Similarly, no doubt, someone will soon SocietyNewsletter(Vol. 14, No. 5, October vation" alliterates. present us with early citations for 1985). When it was coined as a term, and by ''cultural conservation.'' When the AFS newsletter aired it~ whom, remain more mysterious. Office After its mysterious genesis, however, debate on the meaning of ' 'cultural con­ lore traces the moment of genesis to a the historical trail for "cultural conser­ servation," I had an impulse to chime staff meeting not long after we had vation" becomes a bit clearer. The term in with my own definition, but then launched the study. Who came up with was presented to the panel ofconsultants thought better of it. With naming, as the chosen phrase, under what cir­ who periodically met to assist us in the with publications, one must be schooled cumstances, and whether it received in­ study, and after due deliberation they by the moral implicit in the phrase " Go stant accolades or hesitant assent, endorsed its use as a keyword. Then its little book!'' which provides a formulaic already seem impossible to discover. public life began as a title on circulated ending to many medieval literary com­ Personally, I am fond of this aspect of drafts of the report. In time we began positions. Authorship is a painstaking, the term's history, which reminds me of referring to it not only in Folklife Center meticulous affair; yet there comes a mo­ nothing so much as the "singing, danc­ News but in myriad conferences and ment when that which is authored takes ing throng'' posited by early ballad academic meetings. After the report on a life of its own, proceeds on its own scholars as the collective creative source came out in 1983 the Center and the Na­ path, and assumes its own signification. for composing traditional ballads. tional Park Service established a One may launch a term in a general It remains possible that we were not Cultural Conservation Steering Com­ direction, but one cannot preciselv chart the first to use "cultural conservation." mittee to implement certain ad­ Indeed, the phrase now sounds so ministrative recommendations within natural to me, and has such a comfort­ the Department of the Interior. Center able ring (thanks to the alliteration), that staff began using the term in reference to some of their activities, and one ir­ reverent staffer was heard to say ''culcon.'' My first inkling that the term BOARD OF TRUSTEES "cultural conservation" was "taking ofr' came when I received in 1984 a Jeanne Guillemin, Massachusetts, copy of the program for the 38th Na­ its future course. Further- and here Chairman tional Preservation Conference, spon­ William L. Kinney, Jr., South Carolina, namers must be chastened-the surest sored by the National Trust for Historic sign that a term is taking hold is that its Vice Chairman Preservation. One session, coordinated authorship begins to be lost sight of.
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