COLONIAL REPORTS-ANNUAL
No. 1755
Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of
THE GAMBIA, 1935
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Coniinhi'd on j>«
P A<1 B,
Chapter 1. History. Geography ;md Climate I.
do. II. (toveninunt 9.
do. Ml. Population !2.
do. IV. llt-alth 14.
do. V. llou>ing 1 A.
do. VI. Production 16.
do. VII. ( I'lMlllfMVC ... 18.
.1... V 111. W ;»{>•<•>; Mild Cu>1 of Living 22.
do. ! X. I'Mn«-:it i«»n and \\"*»1 fsi!•«* Institutions 24.
do. X. Communications and 1 ransport 26.
do. XI. Its«nUtti do. XII. Public Works 31. do. XIII. «f ustice and Police ... 34. do. XIV. Legislation 40. do. XV. Public Finance and Taxation 41. do. XVI. Land and Survey ... 43. do. xv;i. Miscellaneous 45. Appendix I 46. Appendix II 47. Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of the Gambia 1935. CiiArTKK I. HISTORY, < i IKX.kaimi v AND Cij.VAIT,. //is fun/. The \\y>i European* to visit the River (iamhia were A luise da (ada Mo Letters patent conferring ( inter alia ) the right of exclusive trade in the River Gambia were subsequently granted in 151)8, 1618, and 1C32 toother adventurers, but no attempt was made by the English to explore the river until 1618. The expedition in I hat year was commanded by George Thompson and had for it* object the opening up of trade with Timbuktu. Leaving his ship at Gassan, Thompson proceeded with a small party in boats as far as the River Nerico. During his absence the crew of his ship were massacred by the Portu guese, but some of Thompson'* party managed on their return to make their way overland to Cape Verde and thence to England. Thompson remained it) the (Jambia with seven companions, but was killed by one of them in a sudden quarrel. In the meantime a relief expedition had been sent out under tin* command of Richard Jobson, who also made his way up to the Nerieo. Notwithstanding the fact that Jobson in bib u The Golden Trade" gave a glowing account of the commercial potentialities of the River Gambia, the patentees, who had been involved by these trading ventures in considerable losses, did not further prosecute the exploration of the (Jambia but confined their attentions to the Gold Coast. In 1601 the Commonwealth granted a patent to certain London merchants, who in that and the following year sent two expeditions to the River (jambia and established a trading post at Rintang. Members of the expedition proceeded as far as, the Barracunda Fall* in search of gold, but the climate took its toll. In 16.02 Prince Rupert entered the (Jambia with three ships and captured the paten tees1 vessels. After this heavy loss the patentees abandoned further enterprise in the Gambia. In the meantime tlames, Duke of Courland, who was the nephew and godson of James I of England, had in about 1601 obtained from various native chiefs the cession of St. Andrew's Island and land at Banyon Point (Cape St. Mary), Jufturc and Gassan. Settlers, merchants and missionaries were sent out from Courland and forts were erected on St. .Andrew's Island and at Cape St. Mary. During the next eight years u very flourishing trade was carried on between the (Jambia and Courland. In 1608 the Duke of Courland was made a prisoner during a war between Sweden and Poland. As a con sequence funds ceased to be available for the maintenance of the. garrisons and settlements in the (Jambia and in 1609 the Duke of Courland'* agent at Amsterdam entered into an agreement with the Dutch West India Company, whereby the Duke's possessions in the Gambia were handed over to the Company until such time as the Duke should be in a position to resume possession thereof. In 1660 St. Andrew's Fort was captured and plundered by a French priyateer in the Swedish service. The Dutch thereafter abandoned the fort aid the Courlanders resumed possession. After the Restoration English interest in the Gambia was rerived as the result of information, which Prince Rupert had obtained in 1652 regarding the existence of a gold mine in the upper reaches of the river. In 1660 a new patent was granted to a number of persons, who were styled the Royal Adventurers trading to Africa and of whom the most prominent were James, Duke of York, and Prince Rupert. At the end of that rear the* Adventurers sent an expedition to the Gambia under the command of Major Robert Holmes, who had been with Prince Rupert in the (Jambia in 1632. Holmes arrived in the river at the beginning of the following year. He proceeded to occupy Dog Island, which he renamed Charles Island, and to erect a temporary fort the c. On March IS, 1001, be -ailed up to St, Andrew's Island and called upon the Couriander officer in command to surrender, threatening to bombard the fort if bis request was not complied with. There were only seven European in the garrison and the Courlanders bad no alternative but to submit. On the following day Holmes took possession of the fort, which he renamed dames Fort after the Duke of York. An attempt, was made in 1002 bv the Dutch \Ve a «•tiinmittee of merchants. The \ et prohihimd \ !,r in w company I lorn tadiuu" in it* corp. .i at e eapachv bu; allowed it ,-in muua i sub-ids to. ; !••• upl.ee p of the bets. It wa • hoped t Inn h v to pre\ent the r.iom»p«.h-; m t< latencies of i uie 1 >\ a joint .-lock eom| an\ a in i at the }• a me Huh to mi\t l he go \ ( rument the ex pensc ent a in d b v t he ereal ion oi a colonial ci il service. In 17^.1 die fort and settlements in the ( iamhia were bv atioiber Ac! oi Parliament laken from t hi- new eompanv and \ • -ted in the ("'own. For the next eighteen veais the (iamhia bunted pari of 11 m» (.row o ( olony ol Sencgambia. (ioverniuent headquarters were at St. Loiis al ihe motit h of the \ < r Senegal and a Superintendent of Trade was appointed to take charge of d ana - Foi t and the set? lenient < in tin' ( i a* dna. In 1 77n tl'e French captnn d dam< s Fort tor the fifth and last tin;". On t hi- oeen-ion they so -uect >.-fnll y demolished t he fort idea- tioi •> that a' the clo-e of the war it was found impossible to i ebuild them. !'.\:'» .»! for a 1 't'iei period after the Napoleonic wars, w Inn the island w a- t< n.| oral ilv oecnpn d bv handful of troops a- an outpost. #1 ame- I - land im;im d to pla \ any par! in t he hbioiw of the (iamhia. In \7h,\ St. Fouis and (ioree wimv handed back to France and Seuegambia ceased to exist as a British colony. Tin (iamhia was therefore once more entrusted to the care of the African Company, In 1 787 Lemain (Mae(arthy) Island was purchased by the British* government with a view to the establishment of a eonviet. settlement, but nothing came of the plan, the convicts being eventually diverted to other places. For the next thirty vcars Brit ish influence in the (iambi a was confined to the operations of a number of individual traders. Settlements were established by these traders along the river banks. Perhaps the mot important of these wa> at Pisania ( Karautaba i. This sctdomem. which wa-* alreadv in exidence in 1779. w:\< occupied bv a doctor named La'nlli 1 and a Tamils of lb" n; • • i * * of Andes. Subsequently invalu able ass>t:,nee svas ;endei ed !iy both Laidley and the Amies to Ma'«or 11? >ugh inn < 1791 M ungo Park ( 1 7^."> and 1 Sd.l i and Major (irey ( 1 s | X i in t In' course of ilseir journex > of c\ plorat ion into t he interior oi' A frica. In 1 7 9/i .lames \\ il!n vra- appointed ('on.-ul < 11 n*• r;;I for S-aie- gaud-ia and wa.- ordered to proceed !o Fatialenda to pjoiuole British trade ;;i»d hill: e-nce in the ii! p, r r Cap'.am Ale\ander (ieographji. The Colony, which comprise* the towns of Bathurst and Georgetown and some adjoining land, bus an urea 0f on]y ^9 Sqlum> miles. The Protectorate is a narrow strip of territory approximately ten kilometres wide on each bank extending up the river for nearly three hundred miles from Bathurst. The Gambia River has its source near the village of Labe on the Fitta Jallon plateau. It flows westward for about 700 miles. The river is navigable for ocean-going steamers as far as Kuntuu-ur, 150 miles up river, and for vessels drawing Ic*s than two fathoms as far as Koina—292 miles from Bathurst- the easternmost village in the Protectorate, where there is a rise of two feet daily with the tide. During the rains the upper river rises some thirty feet. The inhabitants of the Protectorate are mostly Jolofs, Mandinkos, Fulas, and Jolas, nearly all of whom are Mohammedans except the last named tribe who are pagan, though the Mohammedan religion is gaining ground amongst them and, as a result, they are gradually dropping their primitive customs. Upper Hirer Province, comprising the districts of Wnlu Kantora, Sandu and Fuladu Fast has an area of 790 square miles and a population of 43,999. The gutter number of the inhabitants are Matidiukos and Sarahulis with a rather smaller proportion of Fulas. The Headquarters of the Province are situated at Bas-v. which is both the largest town in the Province and one of the most important, river-pots h\ the Protectorate. The Ustriets of Sandu, Kantora and Wuli are all relic- of former native kingdoms. MavCarthy Island Province consists of the Districts of Sanu. Xiani, Xianija, Upper Saloum, Lower Saloum, Western Xiam'ma, Laaiern Niainiua, Xiamina Dankunku, Fuladu West, and MaeCarthv Island. The area of the Province is 1,101 square miles and the population 41,334. The Headquarters are at Georgetown. The bulk of the population is Jolof ate1 Mandinko. tioath Hank Province, includes the Districts or Western Jarra. Central Jarra, Hastern Jarra, Lastern Kiaug, Central Kiang, Kiang West, Foni Jarrol, Foni Bondali, Foni Kansala, Binlang-Karenau Foni Brefet, South Kombo, East Kombo, Central Kombo. North Kombo and Kombo St. Mary. The area of the Province ts 1,294 square miles and the population 63,352. The Headquarters are at Bakau, Cape St. Mary. The Majority of the inhabitants ere Mandinkos but there is a large number of Fulas Iti the more easterly Districts while the. Foni Districts ere largely populated by Jolas. North Hank Province has an area of 814 square miles and a -population ;,f 32,91 L The districts of the Province are Lower Xiumi, Upper Xiiuni, Jokadu, Lower Baddibu, Central Baddibu and Upper Baddibu. Of these the three Baddibu districts are predominantly Mandinko in population; Jokadu has a mixed population of Mandinkos, Jolofs and Tukulors \ Mohammedan Fulas) while the two Nimnis are mainly mixed Jolof and Mandinka districts. The Head quarters are at Kerewam Climate. The climate of the Gambia is not healthy though, with better sanitation and housing, conditions of living generally have greatly improved during recent years. The most trying part of the year is from June to October, which is the wet period. During the remaining months the climate compares favourably with that of other .tropical countries. Met prolog ica I St a t i*t /V*, 1935. Cave ST. MAIIY STATION. Mean Air Relative , Rainfall Mouth. Tempera ILUNIITIIIV. (inches.) ture. January 72-(5 4.s o-so I'Yhruary 7'2-7 4.*) ; March 7 A piil ... 7:i-m May 7.V0 (i.'J f tluni' :<)•:} i 72 2-sx July S0-J> i 72 1. August ::•«) ! 7(i is-:U .ST'ptcml.'cr 7!)-4 11-21 i 7,i October 7(i-0 (J 4 1 N I »\ 'cinhfi ... 7 .VI • |U — I JL'lM'llllllT 7V7 : .10 — • Total .. . 1 i Other records of rainfall were :— Bat hurst 43° o inches Yorohcri-kunda, MaeCarthv Island Province1 4.'>\'JJ) Wuli, Upper River Province o2*l0 „ Chap ti:k 11. (Jnv kuxai nxr. If he main polit km I (I i \ i sin: is < d the ( i ;i:n I a a r.n1 tin* ( :>ioi:\ n ia (iamhia ;iim! the Pi»»i I <-i< »ra; e. tlm laPer eim>i<1»n:i' of four Pmv a x a-*,. : M 111»i j j I -« a\ d li\ a ( "i a ui i —'miar. '! h" w Im! • emui* "\ i> • a* ! • - fiHu'c! <»!' i! a • ( ifi \ CI'i;!!" '' * I 1 ('M' i I» na n« 'a i: ' 11 !• .. 1n a ! i • . '1 ic • n a n; -a>;a a:*.- |\ - n n-i i»'. • ! • •;• ! !': •'; ' ' -• • i \ ,;: ! 1 ; : • 1:- h I i : • • I; a < < I > » a , e I a *-n ] \. • , * a , I',.; a n.:. ; i • ( a . . • \ i -!, ; i. -c :i ; ! C« -MM! .\; r ::,iM P>; ' -.j; K 1 1 ' . 11« li vi'l • • '1 - 1 M!' t* 1 I * I V » 'I t i. ! . - * • • n ! ! • ( : • < \ .•; . •<>•'•!•• I i \ a K v *•:• •!»i \ < • •. ' a 11 •,| :" ia^• -\ i; I• J' !,• v '».a»' < . ' • • v 1 1: 1 ( . v -1»1)"n a > \ \ i f i>' ? a i j' I * \ • a'a i -! i i a ••• • \ • a c\)\:a. • i -. idm !, • • • ..» v • a m a I n i t ' t • ( ' u!. i a " . • n w I' a • i; t! i • 'i i n • < •, ;» 11 • k - in • i J : I -. 'm 11 a l<•< i I I i •!<»: na 1 ^< '• *• « \ a < \ ' I \ -<>!li a" M a i n »• a ). • a11 '»: i I I ,? M < *i: i I h '»'S. i, a.•! * n ! uI I i • • \ I * m I >• 'n I 11 a ! \ \ " a • t > * E { ' e I n • y '. a 'a ' *F > \ i ; al I ncTaaai M^atlr" s. J'*i t>!ft'/tf;'»/ii Sif.stril*. -N^hli! \\\\- ! »i \ \'\ H ! «|«'«•( I !>| lS!>| >,\ ;m % 1 ,! h'( i in ii n*<< in i >;•<»\ \{! f" • • •" i I :a < \ < i'-a • ; u i la- I'r ini '! Yia • n:a« • of •vm'tain |ia\','i. a a«! int inn In \ali\r A ill\\'v . 'IM'hliv-iaiH'"-". \n. li <>f i-.iil \\ i; laid «!»\\n !:iat \M u11;1! a I1 laws a(aI c:i>!om • in !'arc.' in I!m Pi, /, eat <"I T*a ril:»rii•< w !* ah a : n "'mi1 I <' | a i ^'u a) 11 in na.; n I jn-l inn ;a >/ • n< a a: i |»a 1, h I < • '\ ; 111 a u v ( Vi|ai,an'(! ">f ('uln-.IV \\ !!! * - ? l :i:>j»!m- In ill'' Pl-ntia't.-.i Ti"'itn;i sSi.aii li.MC ' siiiK1 I'llirl a- Pnv.iila; :na- niacin inai-a* :hi- 0;-d:nanan". 'i'lm ^ *!'«! i 11:1. »!«•% • ilt In it 'I! l In1 powers uf i he ( "liicfs ill tlm !n|in,\ iu^ ! a in- : — %m «°) I. Ivxaav ilnml I'lm'T and Headman shall ]h)SM'-s and exerri^i1— ( (l \ Tile |».»\\ns n|' a Cnn-m'Nat'a (»!' thr |»- an-, i nel.M'Jmg tll< powei' <'(' n' 11 d i U1^' n \ * a* unrul\ peVsniW \\\\\\ siU'etie-- of the pcaeo. and n." preventing «»r *nppre Ilia' Ma jest \ a ( 'nuneil. ai'\ <|:'eve:. {)]> nr,j( j- nr ; !p. Sn|,» ,aue 1 T n,i. :. o.' a a n. «a' ««i li.- ('niuun^**!'aier. .•! in SUEH iu.-t: net ion.- a- !a na". ir.-m turn !n liai" I<'"H\r !'.om (lie A (hnin'st ra ina .a" n nun^ioum' : o;\ i ) re-p.-rl n!" r|e a'e ^ or <>rder> of I Im S'I|i'-i :m ( 'niiri. \'v<)U\ li; 1 (' I m d' M a«.:'i a • e ; ( c ) 'Ilia pnv a'ni' a npi'«'la ndiii'jy d"tai:i:ng aial S.-ud'tig In ilie ( utp!'!'- a »u* r - i'mu't !•>!' e \ a i . i u a t ma. or tn Hie (^iii'S at Pa: i:u: f''i' "xaminaiaai and (rial, oi e\erv |irrs"!i ;ici'i;-i I »i aliv ^ ' iH;i«» nlcU'" nr ea.ne. SI,E|j ;\a murdta'. rn!;i.e.-\-. >!;. \ "-dea 'in::, wl.e'laa of tlie li's" oi ;i different Liad. a>: i i. -'ia!l ne i!ie duly of e\or\ Head (duel' and Headman in I.!- utm.nsl etidea\-our to «!iseover (lie authors of all sin li oileuccs/ fThe protection of persons executing Child's" orders was provided for 4d>y Section 32 of the Ordinance which reads H Ivory person employed 10 "by a Headman or Native Court in carrying into effect any onhv ••lawfully made. shall have tie1 like protection for that purpose as a ••person authorised to execute Proecs> of the Supremo Court.M Ordinance No. 11 id* lNiH was later superseded hy the Protectorate Ordinance of 1 Mld and during 1 an advance was made in the administration of the Protectorate by the ena 'Im'iit of the1 Native Authority and Native Tribunals Ordinances. < Nos. I) and J of 1 !*.'}:>)• The two ()rdinanees. though each deaU with separate matters of detail, are in fact directed to one common purpose, the development of local self-government bv the Seyfolu < Head Chiefs) and people of the Protectorate* under tin* advice and supervision of t!:e Commissioners A bo represent the Governor. The Native Authority Ordinance provides for the establishment, and constitution id* Native Authorities in tin* Protectorate and povision is made for the continuation of existing* Seyfolu and A Ikalohi (Headmen) as Native Authorities. It defines in far greater detail than did the Pioteeiotate Ordinance, I!) I o the duties and powers of Seyfolu and Alkahlu in their executive capacity. 11 confers on Native* Authorities power to issue administra tive orders dealing with a great variety of matters in regard to persons subject to their jurisdiction and also imposes duties in connection with the prevention and suppression of crime. The Native Tribunals Ordinance establishes throughout the Pro tectorate a sysiem of Native Tribunals with defined jurisdiction both criminal and civil. It deals with tin1 judicial powers of Seyfolu and A ikalohi. as ih»- Native Authority ()rdiuam;e deeds with their executive powers. Sect ions dealing with f he removal of proceedings from Native Tribunals to the* Court of a Commissioner and with the revisory powers of Commissioners reproduce in a clearer manner the rules winch governed these matters in the. Protectorate ( )rdinanee 1!)1.'». Other sect ions also reproduce the law which existed under the Pro tectorate* Ordinance lOPb until April UhV>. At that time this Ordinance was. in view of the frequent amendments necessitated by the Native Authority and Native Tribunals Ordinances. 19O3, re- enaeled in a consolidated form. Commissioners no longer sit with Native Tribunals, which are now quite separate from the Courts of the Commissioners. The administration in the Protectorate STILL hinges on the CHIEF (or Seyfu) and the Headman (or Alkali) tin1 Alkali being responsible to the Seyfu for his town and the Sevfu to the Commissioner of tin* Province for his district. Tin* Alkali is chosen by tin* people of the village and his position is confirmed by the Commissioner. He acts as the representative of his village4 in dealing with Government and personifies the village community. This is exemplified by the fact that it is the Alkali who allots, to those who need it, unoccupied land belonging to the village as a community. He» is bound by tradition to seek and to listen to the advice of the elder men in the village. In the event of disputes arising in the community which cannot 1m composed by the friends or relatives of the parties the Alkali, although armed with no judicial powers, is often able by virtue of )m office to 11 net successfully as arbitrator and prevent the matter from reaching the point of litigation. The Seyfu holds a position partly established by legislation and partly inherited from the Kings of former times. The Mandinka word for King (Mansa) is now applied only to the Governor who is, in native phraseology, the ^King of JJathurst \ and this limitation of the Avoid reflects the passing of much of the old kingly powers. Vet a good deal of the standing and authority of the Kings remains, especially in cares where it is possible to appoint as Seyfu on*- of an old ruling family. It is now the policy, therefore, to appoint such men as far a* possible, since on the authority inherent in the ntlice depends a gr"at part of the Seyfu's utility and prestige. The Sovfu is appointed by the Governor on the recommendation of the Commissioner, who has previously ascertained which of the candidates has the hot claim or commands most the respect and obede nee of ihe district. This district opinion is becoming an increas ingly important factor in the choice of a chief, Apait from his gencial administrative duties and the supervision of his district, (he Sex In is usually the President of the Native Tribunal Loral (lortnintcht. In l!Kb) the Ihithurst Crhan District Council and Board of Health, formed in 1 !KH for tin* purpose of advising Government upon matters relating to the welfare of the inhabitants of Bathurst. gave place to the Bathurst Advisory Town Council. The constitution of the new Council is the same as that of the old, mid is made up of representatives of the various Government Depart ments most closely concerned in the administration of Bathurst, of six Members elected hy the Town Wards of Bathurst. and of four Members nominated by the Governor to represent commerce, industry or other interests. Meetings of the Council are held every (punter. Much useful advice on inatteis affecting the town of Bathurst and its inhabitants has been tendered to Government by the Members of these Councils both in their individual and collective capacities, and the Council serves as a valuable link between Government and the public. (LL ATTKU III. POI'CLATI'.J.W The population ol the (iamhia according to ihe IJj.'il Census \xu< 10ihf;:iO of which 14.:i70 inhabitants n-id-d on Si. Mary's Isiaiul. The. Island contains few inhabitants outside the town ol Bathurst. Generally speaking tin* vaiiom> races ate di>tribnt"d throughom 11:<* lb'otretoi ate w iih i!ie exception of the Joins who are practically confined to I'm South Bank Province. The numerical distribution of the I;I«v< in ill.1 Protectorate was eiveii in the I eiisiis a- follows:—- Mandinko NoJI H) Jolol' Uo.SII I Fula ;::j^7:s Jola l!bl in Sarahuli 12.:il»> 'rukuio!' ! i.im;; I iaiuba ra .V-'di AU 7s(i < Mhel's Total 1VhiJO People o; all thi'sc ) ac< s are included amongst die mbahiiaets of BaT urst. "i '.;al -laiisties:- < recorded in tin4 I .1 ol St. Men oni\, ,i>, owin; !o the- illiteracy of the people, the collection of reliable data in the Protcelora*e is impossible. The statist ics in respect of Bathurst for tie past five years are as follows : — Until Rale Duiit.li Uat. Infantile Mortality I m i i no. per Inn. (per l.unu liirth, !c<'istereeM u>:a' .. •122 V-l| :;<>!) ; •2-~> 22 7 . > - - i :;:;!» 2-:5 .>•>•> •2- I 2 !2 I <>:;:; .. .">:)1 •i-w :;iis : 2'ti' ... 1 '>• 1 -122 ' I <>.;.v . .",si; 2" 7 4;Y2 :;-]s :; 1 U-s As regards the abo\. figures it is necessary to state that whereas all deaths Inking place in Bathurst arc registered (certificates of deaths and burials pei mils being mpui ed in all eases), in some instances births, of infants, in pa:tieular to illiterate parent-, arc not reported. It is likely, however, that registration of births will soon become more accurate* :i> time* goo* on since1 parents, including illiterate parents, are beginning to realise- the* value of certificates of birth to their children in aelult years. • \\K\l Census year showed a hirjje inerensc e>f population. % VX)F> figures based oi estimated population of 1 t.-lo. Willi regard to the infantile mortality rale tin figure ghen for 1!).V. i- for the whole of Hathmst : of the ;>8<5 hirths !»2 were conduct ed hy the (Tmie Stall and of the-e infants 11 died within twehe month- givine-; an infantile mortality raie of ! Ill per thousand vddef- fpmpaie- favmirahly with .similar wadv in the llritish Isle- anil enm- paie- more than la\ourah|\ xxath the infantile moitalitv rale of .'! for ;he whole of l>alhui>t. tnuf; i» I u h 'n Thcv i- piae'ieally no i migration fiom l!ie (iamhia. \\ the commencement 1 Ihit'uu-i l»y >ea ii'j.i •m-im! a- foil-ox*.:—n.' ! in S< 1 7 in !M;5;5% .'),)<) ii« !!Kl-tand o! -s in il'.Ya: hut it max he assumed that the majaiix d these |h%,p|e ieiii:iad. or x s III I'eiurm to dear home.--. Immigration is com rolled hy the immigration Kestrimioii Ordinance (No, iL'nt 1!)lMj under v.hicii m> pel-on is allowed to enter 11 * (iamhia who :— [ t/) is likclx to hecoine a pauper or a puhlic charge, i • \ \* an idiot or insane. [f, is deemed hy the (iovmoor ;o lean utalesirahle immigrant. (1/) is A pros; it u;e. or I I is not in possession oi a passport valid under tin1 law of the \ omit ry oi' w liiah he i- A citizen. .\nv person who appears to the I minigi a t ion ()liicer to he without x !-i ol • maiaus of support i- ,< ,piiu d Jo deposh the sum oi* tj I»( >. or to i i t !••• depo-i l or. not h i \ mg »aona • de-* i i u I •»x • una hie to su npp: t ai: - se|( departs from tin (ian laa. id- d- po-:i i- returmd to lum. 14 Chapikk IV. Health. Much work must he done before the Colony ean be styled healthy. Infant mortality figures remain high, and there are far too many eases of preventable disease. The problem is largely one of proper and efficient sanitation, and to this the Government is paying very strict attention. A Medical Officer of Ilejlth was appointed during the year and there were large increases in salutary personnel. Following on the \ ellow Fever outbreak in HKU, several thousand cavity-containing trees were removed—as they were found to be prolific breeders OF the Acdc- mo^puto. Public latrines were placed in appropriate sites, and inefficient bouse to house collection of rubbish was replaced by the construction o* " large concrete Refuse Disposal Depots at various points in Bathurst. Incinerators were erected and worked satisfactorily. Incombustible refuse was used for swamp reclamation. Inspectors wore trained in thorough house to house inspection, and the larval index brought down almost to zero. Much remains to be done, but already 1 here i> marked improvement. 1 Jiseascs of the digestive* and respiratory systems remain as formally the most prevalent in Bathurst, there having been o.KiH of the former and 4,1118 of the latter. {X\\l cases of malaria were heated at the Victoria Hospital. Ihe incidence rises rapidly during the heavy rains of September and remains high until the end of the year. fl here is a steady increase in the number of cases of trypanosomiasis —there being (Hh'5 cases treated in Bathurst and 423 cases in the Protectorate as compared with ;39o and 204 in 1034. There are in Bathurst a European and African general HOSPITAL ( V ietoria Hospital), an Infectious Disease's Hospital, two Maternity and Infants Welfare Clinics and a Home FOR Infirm. These* arc* all in charge OF Midical Officers and there are Kuropean Nursing Sisters in the. Kuropean r.nd African Hospital anel in the Clinics, while the* service in the Protectorate consists of a general hospital at George town and two elispeusarie's at Basse1 ami Kau-ur. 15 CIIAVITJI V. llorsixc;. The 'whole question of housing is engrossing ihe aiteaition of (iov- eminent. New Building Regulations are necessary as many of the structures erected are most insanitary and very few are rat proof. A ••onsiderahle degree of overcrowding exists. Much time, thought n ami energy vvill have to he expended before it ca:i bo said that housing conditions are in any wav satisfactory. The native houses in the Protectorate are generally circular in *hape and e.onsimeted of wattle and daub with eonieal grass roofs. In many places there* is distinct improvement both in type and con st ruetion—but in nearly all eases there is inadequate provision for ventilation. There is little sign of an organised lay-out in the villages and huts arc crowded together—a condition of affairs only too suitable for ihe spread of disease. An organised attempt is being made to improve sanitary conditions in the villages, particularly in relation to protection of water supplies and hygienic night soil disposal. No. of Houses Province Population. or 11Ml; North Hank Province :J2.JM i 22,(io2 South Bank Province 27,570 MaeCarthy Isluxl Province 4 1,3-54 25,5K{> I'pper Kivor Province dojjyy St, Mary's Island (Bathurst)* :if 177 * Census figures VXU. CnAriKi: VI. PM>i>reTiox. The (iamhia >' almost ant in ! \ de| ondent upon -roamdnut o . h i \ a li »t> vshieh forms tIm siaple c\port cnep. Tim o\oo»i crop, wii• \ m• -s i mm fn.u'»«» Si tMii leu/. r ra;s : : ! . ,,,Ma rx- |s :na •! • i o!' I an oj , - oi -< • t !.a I i. a r- n -1 ii.:ii:< :;i i • L r i' a * a a j • ... • i • - i a i • -. t ; i • ' i I •! 1 ' o! ; i a > '! i : \ a \ . • > > ( - " ; L!' . - ,i • • a r i 1 •,«i -»v -.vis. • i- ; a- '•••.», . t11 ••"•] «I - •"-.,! ; i r a i, ;» a » i • . 1 I • i , • a i; 11 - a i ,«< , i i i i N ,i i > a ,»; < a t. inn: ;, ; • \ : •, , a a a: :; v o I i •- ; 'i • * : ! a.. |or 1 •'.• a I < o" -\ »i:1, :< ai. t )v li:1*. i" • > a' •' -s''a j • i '. 1 • • i • •" i; J; " •; o ' oi\ am a- of r» r.'iii \ < i : i la r. i ia \ a I >< - a r i k •.} . • .o ! • , < : .ye •t- !o" iiinjwr mo: ^ :..»:ov:s mv _a,;:a- uiiii'ii ilm L'-'i-a a'la.-k. LH^ris \ o : 11"i • -a * a a r«-:is im ! • a1 « \ a mm p. oi j pr,<, crop- .m' a * : ae \ * 1 hy ; mM-/a;v pio.iie- -uea--lii! pa ri nmia r! v i!r hanr!', ('o'.loa is jrovvn in v.,111' o\'oii! • • i • t i (• m ! a i I x in t!a- Norm Hank. a;a! ,h 'ml is ivil locallv for maim! a«*i n o • ol long monor m n>i< oi -dodi. I , \ pori tin us s a m ' o : a«a* « < a a i ia-; I m earner! aai \\t !i ! !m call i\ai a. •» <»f crop- under hiiua'aai on, urn; t!m div s»*a>.hi. am! so lar re-.-di-* have f h"(.;i fairlv aiUi'at orv. lmpr»\ ancuN in the pn.m!!\e euhivmion practia--.! arc d Year. Tons. I v ,^ lWi.SU oOfiJ^o l!*:^ :;7l:> l :;!.MjJo!i 7i.sU!) ;>s7.:;io !!):;.) -l/i.lio :w;s.ss.; /\ an > 11 o\pun ia«|o i- doa. i;i pa!m kernels, i i if 1 < an«l vva\, hi i'5-').! lie o\por!> oi llicse co;mno(|i!'n-s w.rc ;— Palm Kernels li lo loos value 1 li.lcs ik'ij s| |;>s. | tor,u \Va\ ^;.;.!)S!) |hs. L.a| 1 T!ic!''» !> "in nr^i'iiyil animal in-lu-iry m (li" ( iamhia alflmug!i i( i< • •-.I l.aaO'o! liaii tlaa'e are u-ua'iv a'ma! o*).(s';i) h -a I oi ci::',' ia tlm * 'or»n\ ami Prom< I n\aio. As llm (iambia consists nuiiilv o\ a narrow slrio of lerriuu'v on eitimr sale of tin* river and much v I la re .-t) let i \ -p; a U in;:, no cm j $ n i, t u: i i . mv nc: • h; p a ud m« •! ea 11 le a re tea* pro peri v ol halA i !ua! . I 'le* ov. m r e* I »-w ver. -«•! !n,n lb" pe»\v»n *vho gra/es : he herd and eon\ei-» iv iha gr.c/.ior - adom owa ^ moie than a lew head of critic in the herd which he Paai-. !aii h" b n-aaib given the nr.Ik and bn:!er and a certain proportion «>i die ea!\e* horn. Tin1 gra/a r> ;n the South Hank lJro\ince arc iisi.aliv do!a*. la liie other three I Yo\ inc.-. practicalh' all tin* grazier* are Kida •'. 1 hiring A prii aial Ma\ of P'.'ldihc i'hmf \ epaanarv i )iii • r of X iget la r nd the \ it i rnarv Pa t ho!egi-t \ bi t • d I he count rv t«> inv« - t igaic the ^Puoam and to.it I i t u* a -cheme fo deai with rmderpc-o. At the conch.;don of I heir \ m! and a* a le-nit of ibn m\est ig-a! am- an mum;ui/.a I ion sehemt . e \ i end nig* over a period ol li \ e y< a r- at an e-« i- matc-i (M-t of tbb I Is wa on! iorvvard. Thi- scheme vv sanctioned hv the Si * r< larv of State and g'ant^ net < \ ci eb l u J/ em had! oi i ae total cost are b«iuL» made i'jom the 1 olenial Development bund, riie.^ebcii.e was commenced in November 1 !Kb') when a \ elerinarv tbheer was aeeouded from the .Nigerian \ elerina»y I department lor the period November l.i.'b'i to Mav \\K)\. The Yeierh try Pathologist from that count rv a bo paid a second v i - i t in Noven 1 er and December 1 SKb'J to assist in the pn liminarv work. InOciob'-r l!b')t.a \'e!erinarv ( • a* was seconded again from N'u'ciiaand ita^culat ion- w ere carried out in the South Hank and VacCurihy Island Provinces. In No'Vi'inber 1 !*.*>.">. the X'eterinarv Pathologist was ,-ec<»n ClI A V IK II VIL COM M E KCK. Imports und K,rports. Lftf/orfs, The imports for the last five years were as follows :— l:':si. I KV2. \\y\\ Xerehaude ••.'.Ton •I.»<»•.» .O. i t o IS.VJS7 >eerie .">. I 11 ! ."..'.•r.C The tolho\ iiur lala-1 show?- the principal Mongol imports hum the Hritid: Kmpire an.! formgu countries for tho veer IJ'.'W i '?.it'«| |Srii idi K i rig* I* op |'«is-rs ('«Mintrit'^ l O T A !, sao. A i:. i' u.v Vain- Value, Value Unaalil v. Villi e c Apparel . I.77S IS ;;a:><> Hags ami Sank ... :>();; :i.ss;» ri->s l^.'.s'.i;; „„. •ua<; {ft) Boots. Shoes ami Slippers ... a;; •a 7 •1 U»:m •>••<. l.l.iS ''•Ml ... •.'.sji — 1..'»IM i..US. '2..V-M ' 'I»iii>ii 1 'i<•*•( ''.mmIs lo'..iu;:> I.ISii !-2.u;!7 .").ii.").'».77S SI|.\ LIS. 11S.-J«.»*2 f '<)> loll ,\|.11111 f:i**- ! Il'1'"* I I| ||.T/ ... ••..•.» 7:? •I7I; 11Ol-* h'L.'.T.M ' 'I IHOI I Y;: rii • - !..".«» s'.i.sh.; si*,-. ti.:a-2 Khun- Wii'-nicii ... i.:>a •>ai I .**». I« I'.'Ji'S e\\ 1»|<;;;7 ) Mills SITI.l C:I|.> '.'7S i-»i ,"».7 .*IIS — «;.s;,7 Kithi-N'iiis — ."»i .:».s7 IS ;V>.( I.V» M<-tal w<'.l I:':DIIs) 7,-,r,7 1 :i..V.fi Moior \'ciiii'lrs ... wws i.:»7! »;•»:» ."><> 1!'>. o»M * HI... p.lil.li' e».s;5i; o 1..V.7 ta.!»;•.» "jiiis. s.:;7s («•) Oik not clihlc '.107 i:a>.')7 I:E.»»a Kic" ... oo.,Sl S 11 M2,t'.!'0 cuts. .">•>.*'><' :a;r.i 7.s:t : ia:n .. -1.10*3 (d) Su^AI' l.*2()7 — IOAS7 o.ies ll.i'.'.M To! nice.' 7.SI.-2 :uoi U,!M>S ('0. luchnlin,^ from Czechoslovakia The percentages of British and foreign imports, exclusive of sperm, were as follows: — ('mmtpv. I. 1'nheil Kio.'nmn •» .(V.">| ... . < .i ! •ia:\ laiiNh Possessions ... ! i .15 1.VH7 1 (i.lilJ '.i a * *» T«»t;u - lirilisli Kmpiiv As '»7.( in » .1.7:. 7 .f'mme • • 1 !l.7o I '.».nt; <. ~ i Other Countries ... »r1 \\K\h in > — T« )ta 1 I'oroi-m ( nn.i ri s 17 ..sj ;; • <.-r> ) i f CM' l I.* ioMoW | Vole shows ! h • araM\e :»\ i'IM •.<' )• J » < the p iaeipal i'cm- of i iij »ort - f • ^r 1 ue !a:a - — — — —— .... • -~ Art rV. !. \ ' 1 a »' ia ;: »i / ,i. >• V / * ,» i C» 't «!!( pri' toll ! i i, i,,.<. \! II. 0 •} O s 1 f ('<.,.! |Mi' ton • i ~ ... ,s I A' f * C« "! (oij 1 ' j, M e ( U)t 't 1 s !), P. v-i. i> H. ! :\ T! i' . * I i < ) 1. Ill I t.'. ., ! i ( VShUi \ ;'!•!! m r !!>. «» 1 . * i, !• I«air \Y h'ali ii p- r mvi. n II. 1 1 <> 1 •) (', | n |!), 1 o s t ) i:. Kola X Hi S | »e|- c\v|, 1 II. «*'» 1 ! ii ! i:>. :A i 1 i *. \ 1 o *> • t : (his Kilihlo p.-ro;,||. u -J. 0 ."•!') i. *-' i > . () 7 • > ; 0 I 1 Pice prr r \\t. o p. •' i 7! (i 7. I ;• o t . »'; »• Salt per torn. \? n. 1 1 I; ! 11. "! < I.» 1 id. Sauar per e\v!. 0 17. 0 (i 1 < . (i 17. IR. i) N. N rl> • Ver Ih. 0 i. 0 t. o 1. ;i o i i) i. * Tin* exports for the last fix e yiairs including sjuane were as follows :— I'.I;I:'.. R.I;;I. R.I:;;.. ._..„_ ii F MI'IVLIANDISO .727a 11 4«M>.fctJ.U .VI "),20S 401.819 :,»92,724 SPEDC ... 2,701 199,020 5.'J,9()0 103,^80 TOTAL 529,872 (»0C,5U 513,208 455,749 490,704 i 20 The following tahle shows the principal items of exports to the British ICmpire and foreign countries for the year Uhlo. < 1 roundnui Hii Palm Kernels. Country. Tons. Vuliii-. U.S. ; Value. Tons. Value. V V I M United Kiuudotn ... M..T27 SlI.OlO :>7\ -107 Urtish possessions • h — --- - - Belgium '.'.!;")! .... — Denmark 7('..«;:!-2 —- . — ...... France ... — — Ti.nlS oh; - - • - — (i(M'||);UlV I.2'.''.* Uu'J Holland* - — Other < 'ottntrms ... ;$oi 2.1.V2 — — - Totals i:».i 10 ,")(i.s.3S7 l.uoo The percentages of Briti-h and foreign exports. ex«du-ive of specie, were as follows :— VXU. \y.vi. 10:'.:'.. 1 •.';'> 1. • r.»:;.-,. r: (i // (<•' 0 ' •i • 0 United Kingdom "2o,»;r> ;a.u,; 11 .2<; 2»». * 17 British Possessions OO.X'j. oo.Mt ui .-*;*> Oj.l 1 OO.ra Total Kritisli Knipire t'l.«'»."» •21.5:. ;'.v-'.» 12.10 21.21 France "((•..'.lit .")!).,so :-;7.n7 00.00 (MI. ir, Germany l'.i.'.n OO.E2 05.'.' 1 ."•O.O'.t 10.27 Holland' 1.V21 IO.7;? !."»..V." •2l.:a 21.25 Other < Miuil ries k>\\:.\?> '.17.00 :..-2 1 i:,..i7 1 1.11 Total Foreign Countries ... 7SA:» ti! .71 s7.t'.o 7.'».7.» The following tahle .-hows the comparative average price.- per unit of the principal items of export for tlie last live \ ear- ; — r.'-'il. 1 r.>:;;s 1 *.•:;». 1'.»:{.'» . 1 £ x. d. £ S. ft. £ s. d. ,j £ s. Groundnuts, per ton 7. 11. C, 10. \\ 11 ' 7. s. N .'». 7. y • >. 7 t Hides ])er 11>. 0. 0. 0. 0. '2 0. 0. 0. 0, 0. 0. ;j f Palm Kernels per ton. 8. V.K 0 7. 1 >\. S | ti. It'.. 4. JS. 1 It. 4 - i Shipping. The percentages of shipping of various nationalities for the last five vcars were as follows :— I \\w\± vx\;i. \ (, ' (, / ft •'" f, f o f / O / British ...... ; ;">;VI o7.2 ^tl.7 .i.T.'il o/i.7-1- i 1-VoiM'h L'.T.O 2 I.N !.>.;> 7 \\.\W\ luucii -i.:: 2.7 -J.") 1.7! !..*;> <; NNLVCLIIILLL...... - II.','!; .'I.TIS Aii'i-i i«."in i.,s ;>.7 .'i.'.t:; ."..is Italian l.s — l.o o.:;7 Sw.lisli 7.2 -l.ii ;!..'! '-'..'! 1 2.H7 ihuui-U 2/.» — (».;! i».:i7 .1;; otl.ir CI.iiniiu-s l.:; 11.1 l.i o.'.io I.h;j lii catapult wsm-Is I hutselic I.ul't llansa A.* '< ( ilAPIKi: VI II. WvoKS AND CnM (o'eernhv jaakinir. laheur is plentiful, in faet durinir tin- -lack M-a .nu there U unemployment in I >;H hui>t. In the trading H'.Taii a ronsiderahle numher of nal i ve> from French territory em or I Jnthut >t jo t.Staei emplo\nmi.U whilst in the I h ot ertoraf e uiiinhm > C I R h reneh ])a •t v c> ar« emnh»ved hv the !oea I la t nn a> in -owa ud ha rve-l in;'; tie o 11 > i: j, t ] i; i. t nop. In l.olh ea.-<> tin* majority el ihcse imnoai ant.« iet \u to thetr home- when t la* m a.-on is ova;, A* /*/' T! n -ales of ]»av lor artUau- sneh an r:op• nt M>, hlaek^mit!is? fkt < • . ..av-ou % 111 o i painter • ram/c from n» a da\ > > hour-:, I a-kilLai lahouivrs ma v he e)e-:-ilh'd i\r> u h< • a * ; — ; I ho-e «-n a inout !i: \' W ajo*. • * i tho>e on a daiiN v,at^a and • } i'a,,ii! laooun r • • .» ! Miih'O : n l'l »\ ed hy melenmile lillie. « -I. moll! h!\ I a ' <' * «.f pa* . i"e« ei\a- r,om r- to 'Hi/- a naa.th and. in na>-» cum-, a m ( I a i in lahonoa- 1'ioia h reneh n rritotie- a ! r led and iiou-««d i.v then k In! mo v ers tied Nvheu lif M-jhuii s er« o -old *he\ ree<',\a« a pojponaui of ihe pi oe-a-tls hehae i. t ttmini: lo their hotn»>, A - i'e^afd- t !a- l«*eal ua'ive-, eaeh famih" a- a rule i • tal- it> f»vai larm 'ait \\ h* re f «::t>ule !a la air is < mplo\a d the eondiiion- (d emphonunt are MUulai i o t lave okiamhiLi in the ea -e ot the 1'heUi h ,-id m ets reieitid jo a hov e. In the IVoterturaie% rica* and guima-eorn Form the staple diet of the peoph , whi'.-l a eon>iih in 1 do anaam! oi hread. supar. s:iit and lish i- eonsuna d. More riee is eousumed in I>atluu>t e>peeiallv hy the foreign lal RIEE or eoru ...... l\t/. LIREAD ...... LR/. Fish ...... 1//. Oil ...... hi. Sie^ar ...... Id. Condiments ...... ± Total ...... Id. 23 Moat and groundnuts arc sometimes suhstituled lor ti>h and i :eo and tlx* daily oxpendilure is then increased hy ahont Id. Tin1 average lahaur.r spends very little on hou-m-ivnt and rlnlhmg— prohahlv not more than o/- a month on an average. The eo>t of liv'ngin i ho 1 Vo: The co-t ol' Itvine \arie- aeoording to tin ineonm and ta-le- o! ihe, indi\iduah htit the lollowing U oon-ah red to ha the animal >h;im out la v of an uuuia rried junior ( t nvcrniiriil () 11 i * * i: 11 !i \ aim' in ! h* 1 Um t : Servants ...... 7 Ideetrie Light ...... '''' Market ( meal. lish. hivad. \cgotahles. egg-, etc. ) i 1 Provision*- ami \\ iiie^- ,,, .., J I » I .>haee,i i\ M i m ellaileous expenditure i MX d 11( 1111 l>a OiplipUienl .»•'• Tola! ...... Im'IO l'his amount does noi i eam|.» jhe m>l; id clothing whieh is purchased in England. 24 CIIAPTKK IX. KMC ATIOX AND WKU AUK INS RN I I IOXS. Since l!)(j;> Ivluoation in the < iamhia has been controlled hy the Pioard of Kdiaation of which the* Governor hud heen tin' Pre-idem, Members of 'be Hoard included the innnlicrs ol' 'he Legislative ('(imeih tiie Sr.i'erinieialeut of Kducat imu ami Mich oilier inrinLrh, rot excecdimv; six in nuinbmx as mieht b< -appointed hy the (ma'aiui, At the era! or November, 1 !)."•.>, a saw Kd uea t an Ordiuanee tlaaeoii - to I e E u a 111 a a a i In die Governor auv changes m i eg, 11:, Ij, | }^ and to mal e auv icporis which it mav eon idi r iKrr^ma en mat:e:< oi in;; (c-ji;<*. ;}\ mo- ed uea 1 loll. The la*.e!<| mo t< i s of the Kd uea thai Depa ia nan! ;av in 15 a :bar-:. a nd the (a • j a i I m e 11! i> a d 111 i n i-11 a e» I by the Sup( lintc J a bail oi i aiia:? j-a. a maintains nbo a Manual Training Centre ;Jt. ibe Public Works Depart ineni, There i> no uni\ersit\ cducat'u)m There are -ix e|< meiitary school- in Ib;iht;r-t which, ia 1 M.'J/i. had a toial of l.!Jo'J pupils on the registers ( Kb/iO boss and o()j? gir!-t and an average uttemianee of !>S2. These sciiool.- piovide education up to the serial! I, standard. d here a;e lour secondarv schools in Paihurst two ler bo\s and two for girls, which are maintaimd by the i'm.iau Catholic and Methodist Missions. 'Ihe total numbers on the r< ej-! e''s in 1 fj.'io were .;S bows and SS o iris w i; h a\aaage attendances if and respect i\el\\ Scholarship.s to these secondary scbooU ;o-c given each year bv the (iovornmem. In IJK')() a Teacher Training School was opened in IJathurst, and in 15)?>o there \\a re nine students on tie* register. In the Protectorate there is a (iovernniciit boarding school at Georgetown in the Mat'Carthy Island .Province, for the sons and near relatives of Clocfs, with 42 on the register. It is felt that itiore can be done to imp-eve conditions among the Protectorate people by 25 training tlie suns of (lie rulers and leaders of (lie people than by open ing several small schools which would have only a local effect. The Methodist Mission maintains a small day school in Georgetown, and the Augliean Mission two day schools (unassisted) in the Protectorate. A committee was appointed in 11)32 to draw tip a revised syllabus for use in the Hal hurst elementary schools. The new syllabus, after approval by the Hoard of Fdiicution, came into use on the 1st -January, 15*34, and has it is hoped considerably assisted educational progress in the (iamhia. The following examinations wore held during the year : Cambridge •Junior and Preliminary Kxaniinutions ; Clerical Services Kxumination; Elementary Schools Standard VII Examination. Welfare Institutions, efe. Free Medical Treatment is provided at the various Government Hospitals and Dispensaries for those unable to pay fees. As stated in Chapter I V the Government maintains two Maternity and Children** Welfare Clinics and also a Home for the Infirm. There are nr philanthropieal institutions nor is there any insurance' scheme for the provision of medical treatment, etc., in the Colony. Rcerention, eU\ In Huthurst Government maintains a public ground (MaeCa.rthy Square) in which games are played by the inhabitants including the school children. A second public sports ground is to be constructed in Half Die, Hathurst. Organised games are conducted by the -schools, which are allowed to import free of duty all materials required for sports. Football and cricket leagues have been formed by the African residents of Hathurst. Government has also provided two concrete tennis courts for their use. Singing is taught in all the schools. Free concerts are given once every week by the Police Hand in front of Government House, where the terrace gardens are thrown open to the public. The concerts are >yell attended and are much appreciated by the public. 20 ClIAPTBU X. (< MMl NIC ATIOXS AND TUAXSPOKT. Rvtcvnal* For mail services tin* colony is almost entirely dependent, upon the f M slui > of Messrs. Klder lA-nipstcr Lines Lid. ' mre. isa rcgula. montldy service hut olherw -i.se t he mail steamer;- sin1 irregular, The intermediate ships call outwards and homewards once in about everv three weeks. The (iovernnienl continued tic* agreement with the Deutsche Luff, llansa A.G. for the carriage of airmail hetwcen the Gambia and Ihirope. This company operates a service weekly throughout the year. The company commenced operating their regular trans-Atlantic mail service between Berlin ami Port Natal on the 1st February, iim. 'Flic ]:orts of call arc Stuttgart — Marseille—Barcelona—Seville— Las Pahnas—Bathurst — Port Natal for Buenos Aires. The South American ports are served hy the Condor Syndicate) and Ban American Airways. The Luft llansa Bathurst estahlishment consists of n landing ground at Jcshwaue', the catapult ship u Schwabenlaud \ four flying-boats and two airplanes. The mail service to Port Natal commenced with the Graf Zeppelin and airplanes in alternate weeks, until September, ltJ.14, when the weekly service was carried out hy planes only. The Graf Zeppelin normally does not call at the intermediate ports, but during Novemher three vis'ts were marie to the rieshwang aero drome, while the ^Schwahenland" and airplanes wort; undergoing repair. The outward mail leaves Stuttgart on Thursday at 6 a.m. and arrives in Bathurst on Friday at 1 a.m. ; formerly the mail watt transferred to the catapult ship ;' Sehwabenlanri," which proceeded to sea and after .'$(> hours' steaming catapulted off a flying boat. Now it is possible to effect the trans-Atlantic crossing direct from Bathurst, and the mail reaches South America on Friday at 8 p.m. The homeward mail plane leaves port Natal on Friday, arriving in Bathurst on Saturday morning. The mail is then transferred to a land plane which leaves Bathurst on Saturday morning and arrives in •Stuttgart on Sunday afternoon* Hat hurst Harbour. The llarhour of liathnrst is limited by the coast of St. Mary's Island and a line drawn parallel thereto at. a distance of three miles from Government House to the entrance of Malfa Creek. Bathurst is a deep water harbour. Anchorages offshore vary from 9 to 14 fathoms. The harbour is comparatively sheltered except during tornadoes which arc of a short duration and which occur in duly and October. There is sufficient water at the en I anee for vessels of 27 feet draft to enter the harbour. 27 Government. Wharf has been rc-constructeri; the wooden decking having been replaced by ferro-conerete, underwater piles have been refitted, and an up-to-date system of rails installed with two 2\ ton petrol cranes. The T n head of Government Wharf is 221 feet long, with a depth of 1 (j feet alongside. There are eleven other wharves which are from 10!) to 200 feet in length, with an average depth of about 1 1 feet. The tidal streams turn about 1;] hours after high and low water by the shore ; their strength is considerable, but varies frequently without any apparent cause. During the ebb stream considerable swirls sometimes occur at springs during, and immediately after, the rainy season. The harbour and approaches are well lighted by a light vessel, buoys, and light structures. Infernal. Hirer Transport. The .River (iamhia is navigable for ocean-going vessels oT not more than 12 feet draft, as far as Georgetown, 17G miles from Ilathurst. At Kunlau-ur, 150 miles from Bathurst, an ocean-going vessel can load to a maximum draft of 1 9 feet. Vessels not exceeding (I IV et <> inches in draft can proceed above Georgetown to Fatfolo, 2SS miles from Ilathurst, whilst launches and small boats can navigate as far as Koina, 202 miles from Bathurst, During the trading season, groundnuts are brought down the river in ocean-going vessels, steamers and lighters. Gutters are employed to a large extent in transporting groundnuts from creeks and small ports to transit stations where deep-water vessels can load. J\Iurine Department* A regular passenger and cargo service is maintained by the Government steamers "Prince of Wales' (-100 tons) and u Lady Denham " (2.30 tons). Two Government lighters u Vampire1' (170 tons) and "Jean Mai.rel" (174 tons) are also available for additional cargoes; the latter is sell-propelled. The steamers call r.c 27 ports outward and homeward when proceeding to Baese (242 miles) and 32 ports when calling at Fattnto (288 miles). This ensures communication with all ports in the Protectorate twice weekly dining the trade season from November to May. A fortnightly or monthly service is maintained for the remainder of the year. Statistics regarding the freight and passengers carried by the Marine Department are as follows :— 1033 11134 1?&L_ Passengers carried ... 9,125 7,791 10,057 Cargo (tons) ... 4,403 5,301 4,211 Kevenucfroin passenger traffic ... £3,036.0. 0. £2,795.12. 7. £3,501. 13. 7. Kevenue from freight ...£3,787.7.0. £3,709.10.1. £3,837. 14. 7. '«8 The refitting of Government steamers and of vessels belonging to firms was carried out by the Marine Slipway and Engineering Works. The workshop is fitted with modern equipment and is capable of carrying out repairs and refits to vessels of 400 tons gross—the tonnage of the largest river steamer at present in the (Jambia. The Marine Department also maintain and run launches which are mainly used for the conveyance of Government Officials in the Protectorate and for harbour services at Hathurst. Ferries, Passenger and vehicular ferries, installed by Government in connec tion \s\\h the road system plied at the following points :— Kerewan (Road No. 2) Hruincn (connecting Roads Nos. 1 & 3) Lainin Koto—MaeCarthy Island Sanknlikunda — "MacCarthy Island Bansang \ Passe •ontinuation of Road No. 2. Fattoto Kau-ur—Jessadi Between Hathurst and J Jarra a regular ferry service is maintained l>y a private firm which received a subsidy of £200 from Govern ment in Moods* There are four trunk roads : No. 1 • Jiathtust-treswang-Abuko-Lamin-Yunduni-Brikama-- Kafuta-N'Dmiban-Bwiam-Hrumen Ferry. miles). No. 2. Rarra-Bcrrending ( Bantanding)-Dasilami-Kerewan Feny-Saba-Hanni-NMakunda-llliassa. (62 miles). No. 3. Illiassa-Ivatcluing-Konkoba-Kwinella-databa- Brumen Ferry. (22| miles) with a branch eastwards at tlataba to Sandeng and the French boundary, (2£ tniles )• No. 4. Rant mding (site of old village on trunk road No. 2) to the French boundary. (:{ mile). In addition there is a secondary road running from llliassa via Baliaoghar, Kau-ur and Kuntau-ur to Bansang Ferry where it connects with the secondary road on the south bank running from Kwinclla, (on trunk road No. 3) to Kudang, Hansang, Basse and Fat toto. There are also a number of secondary feeder roads to the various river ports in the Protectorate. The total mileages of secondary and feeder roads in each Province are approximately as follows : — North Bank Province ...... 116 mP\s South Bank Province ...... 1)5 „ MacCarthy Island Province ... 280 „ Upper River Province ...... 200 .£9 Postal Scrrices. Alails uro convoyed by Government river steamers weekly during the dry season and fortnightly or monthly during the rainy season. Travelling Post Offices are established on these boats and all classes of postal business are transacted at the ports of call. The General Post Office is at Bathurst and District Post and Wireless Offices are established at Georgetown, Basse and Kuntau-ur. The Kuntau-ur office is (dosed during the rainy season (dune to October). The total number of letters, postcards, papers etc., dealt with during 1935 was 222,171—an incru.se of 33,156 over the preceding year. Parcels dealt with during the year numbered 3.911 as compared with 3,469 in 1934. In addition, 1,373 small postal packets were dealt with. 11,079 airmail letters were despatched and 4,875 were received during the y ar. Alonev & Postal Order statistics are as follows :— 1934 1935 £ £ Aloncy Orders issued & paid, value 16,881 17.536 Revenue derived from Aloncy Orders 121 104 Postal Orders issued & paid' 6.465 7,033 Kcvenue derived from Postal Orders 53 61 The total revenue derived from the Postal Services in 1935 was £6,785 as compared with £1,536 in 1934. The greater part of the revenue of 1935 was derived from the date of jubilee stamps to- philatelists. Telephone Service. A 24 hour*' service was satisfactorily maintained in Bathurst and at Gape St. Alary, the total number of subscribers, exclusive of extensions., being 95. The total value of the service was £638, of which amount £440 represented the value of free service to Government Departments. Wireless Serrice. There is no land line telegraph system in the (iamhia but internal communication is maintained by four wireless stations established at Bathurst, Kuntau-ur, Georgetown and Basse, »-cspectively. The station at Bathurst has a range of 1000 miles and communi cates with ships at sea and with Dakar. Press from Bugby is received daily. The other three stations are purely for inland work and have a transmission range of 250 miles. The total revenue derived from the wireless service in 1935 was £871 including £359 in respect of Government messages. The corresponding figures for 1934 were £834 and £316 respectively. Te leti raph (ya b fes. The Kastcrn Telegraph Company Ltd., has a station in Bathurst and cables run to Sierra Leone to the south and St, Vincent to the north 30 ClIAVTEIt XI. BANKING, CURRENCY, WEIGHTS & MEASLKES. Bunk. The only Bank in the Colony is the Bank of British West Africa which has a Savings Bank for small depositors. The (Jovernment has also a Post Office Savings Bank, the rate of interest being 21 per cent per annum. At the .list of December 1935 the deposits amounted to £3,320 in respect of 1)81 depositors. Currcmy. The currency is British West African alloy and nickel-bronze coins of denominations 2/-, 1/-, fid, 3d, ld? & -id; and British West African currency notes of 20/- Standard weights and measures (Avohdupois, Troy, Imperial measures of capacity, length and surface) sire prescribed by the Weights and Measures Ordinance, of 11)02 and arc kept by the (Jovernment. The Commissioner of Police is the Inspector of Weights and Measures and is assisted by a number of Deputy Inspectors amongst whom are ineludeu the Commissioners of the Provinces it) the Protectorate. ol CHAPTER XII. PRNUC WORKS. The Public Works Depau: tent>s responsible for the execution of the |) u 1 > 1 i * * works in the Colony and the Protectorate for which provision is made in the Annual Estimates and for THE maintenance* of all (Jovernment buildings and property entrusted to the Department. THE Engineering Staff consists of the Director of Public Works, the Assistant Director of Public Works, two Clerks of Works, Mechanical Foreman, two Electrical Foremen, and two African Foremen of Works. Tin* Stores ami Accounts Staff consists of an Accountant, and nine African Clerks. In addition the Department operates the electric light and power services comprising some 42 miles of distribution mains, the ieo making plant, the Albert Market, refrigerating plant, the Hathurst Waterworks, the tire protection plant and the (Jovernment motor transport service. Roads, streets, tram lines and the Government Wharf in Hathurst are maintained by the Department and in the Protectorate, the main road from Hathurst which branches to Cape St. Mary and to the Kombo Xoith and Central Districts, and certain other trunk roadn are similarly maintained. Activities during 1935 :— (a) MAINTENANCE. (Expenditure £12,977). Bat hurst Water Supply. The total number of gallons pumped at the Abuko Station during- 1935 was 51,787,000 gallons. The rates charged are as follows :— General Water Kate ...... (K% on rateable value). Water Supply rate ... £2 per annum. •Supply rate to vessels ...... l/4d. per 100 gallons. Meter rate ...... 1 /(hi. per 1,000 gallons. Washing out ground nut stores ... JL2 10/- per hour. Revenue 1935 :— General rate ... £032 15 6 Supply rate ... 141 10 8 Supply to vessels 122 18 8 Meter rate 8 0 5 Washing out ground nut stores 13 2 0 £918 13 9. Water supplied to tin; following motored consumers was :— K. W. A. F. F. ... 1,"> 1 :},.>.">() <.ui|„ns. Prison ... 2:iO,(>22 Botanical (ianlcns, Capo Si. Mary ... HOD^/iU Cooling IMaiit, Alltert Market, Uatiiurst ... :i.">8,(».32 2,071,474 gallons. Electric Liijht and Power Services. The Power Station is situated in the centre of the Town of Bathurst and the1 generating plant consists of four solid injection heavy oil engines driving direct coupled alternators, 2 x 100 K.W., 1 x 50 K.Wl, and 1 x 25 K.W. Total 275 K.W. System A. C .1 Phase 4 wire 50 periods. Consumers voltage 230 lighting, 400 power. Feeder and distributors overhead cable. Number of private consumers 231, an increase of 22 during the year. Supply commenced June 1926. Total units generated 1935, 3j9,80O. Maximum load recorded 104 K. \V. Total connected load 549 K. W. Total motors connected 274 I-i. II. P. Public lighting 350 gas tilled lamps. The low tension network supplies and lights some 9/ miles of streets in Bathurst, supplies a 30 Iv. V. A. transformer at the north end of the town—the voltage being stepped-up to 3,300 volts and conveyed by overhead cable to Cape St. Mary 8 miles away, where it feeds a 15 K, V. A. stepped-down transformer which supplies a low tension network of about 2 miles. Voltage 230 lighting, 400 power. Units consumed during 1935 were as follows :— (a) Units sold % ...... 69,162 (//) Ice Factory ...... 7,605 {c) Public Services, Street Lighting ... 94.970 (d) „ „ Government House ... 18,677 fe) „ „ Hospital, Clinics, etc, ... 27,335 if) „ „ Market ...... 7.314 (//) „ „ Police Station & Prison 7,299 (li) M „ Customs Shed & Wharf 4,827 (i) „ „ Half Die Pumping Station 4,998 (j) „ Post Office, Wireless and Telephones ... 4,616 (ft) „ Wireless Station ... 2,789 (I) „ „ Public Works Department 13,243 (at) „ „ Marine ...... 17,272 (n) „ „ Printing Office 1,409 (o) „ „ Other Government Offices 3,422 208,171 Carried Forward 284,938 ljr (/*) Power Station (auxiliaries and lighting) 01,997 (y) Lost in distribution ...... 12,925 Tola! I • nils generated :j."V.N(j(l Including enmheeent< of the p nuaimnl ^'atl' provided lor uuhr peisou it rinohonents oi' tlm Kstim ,! - the expenditure during P.on mainO nance amounted to ij2.79X. /ee /'V/r/e;*//. The Public Work* I) •pe.rtam'Ut ah-o ran and maintain an ie.» hmiury and ier ;< -n|d to the public at Id. per i o. le- > >!d lor I ii'ir amountod to jd* J 11o»>. .»////•/•/•/ (\>!d Shirr. A -mall o,! 1 sn»r:ojv plan! i • im-lalmd in tie- Alha'f Market, lln'imA .'p.••\iui.ii l\ 15m' ;;.,}•; d ma! pa--. I ihrm-jh this vtora^i- Lir- i. v <-a r. (6 ( e\.- I i,i . r!« j\. i: i ( . ' i\ \ p••ndii : «i lb", i i >. The p» inei pa I w oi ks carried o ;! «1;«i i i t the \ ear i a -hide i - Ueclnmation and Drniu.ige ...... L<>51 (*« »u^ohda I ion of roa d > ...... Lo ! 7 IVvPaoaai of \\uf< r ic ...... ! "IS P«i|;oe L:-!«--. U'Mlli ma! accommodation 2 - "i Cats If \\ raal ... .., ... i s> Sand, *ii ( omnouni- ... . ~o2 New ialiin*.do lhiu-vV 'mmmraiom ... L\<>.>:) A ! I era I inn-, n > ( \ e< una I S< c.vl a rv i m uua !< e.v ! ;>7 I Iridgos and old Vert.- ...... 159 M iuor works , ...... -! *>S •(\d Tin* re-ec aid! t luinii^ of (in\v:'jiiii»';i! Wharf was complete! at a* total enst ( !' £ 1 I Jit) t. Aiiti-nmltt/'/'/ • fditt-f/t'lljie f'errr ith'tt ,nrrs. Tie* foiling and removal of emimn baobab and eambovaut tries were eontiuuod. Painw ater siorage tanks were removed, ami gravel soakage pits! were replaced hy waste water drums fur the disposal of water by broad distribution. A number of sanitary site* have been chose?* and on them have been built concrete dustbins with metal doors from which the Health Department collects the uduse to be incinerated. 34 CHAPTER XIIF. .JUSTICE AND POLICE. ADMINISTRATION OF JCSJ.CE. The Courts In the Colony si re the Supreme Court, the Court of Requests, the Rathurst Police Court, the Coroner's Court and the Mohammedan Court. The Mohommcilan Court was established in 1 9<)o, 11 is presided over bv «i (hub who sits alone or with two Assessors, who are Justices of the Pence. It has jurisdiction in matters exclusively affecting Mohammedan natives mid relating to civil -tat us. marriage, succession, donations, testaments and guardianship. Appeal lies to the Supremo Court, 77/r llttlhnrs! l\iHcr Court is usually presided over by the Police Magistrate. 11 U ( 'mM which U a Subordinate ( \nirt of I lm first class mav, nude!' the ('r'uniual Ppwcdure Code Sec. 7 *. pass the hallowing sentences :—- (tt) Imprisonment for a term no! exceeding two years. ( h i I'd lie no! exceeding i/JOO. ici ( orp»ral punishment. 11 is jurbdio! ion extends to tlm stinnuarv trial of all otfhnees not. made co«_iuis?ble onlv bv the Supreme Court < ('rimiual Procedure ('ode. Sec. -li, Further sunmiarv juri-diei ion over a vailclv of mallei's i> conferred bv a number of local Ordinances, This Court mav aUo be pi'e-ided over bv two or more Justice* of the Peace. Thi- (our* when pre-ided over hv .Justices of the Peaco i- a Subordinate ('ourt of die second das- and mav under t ho Criminal Procedure ('ode (See, * > pa- the fo'f oving sentences : — (//) I tnprisonmeut for a term not exceeding six months, (h) Phm not exceeding I'oO, (/') Co|»ora I pimi-lmtent, Its jurc-d ci io>i e\;end- to th«i summarv trial of all ollences not; made cM^nisal*!' onlv bv iii* Supivum (nun or bv a Subordinate, Court The (\>n rl of /u-f/f/rsfs is a civil court having jurisdict ion in all claims up in I'oU. except malicious prosecution, libel, slander, criminal conversation, seduction and breach of promise of marriage. .The* Court may he constituted by the Police Magistrate or bv two Commissioners, who are Justices of the Peace. An appeal lies to the Supreme (1ourt. 77/f Supreme Court is a superior Court of Record and has analogous jurisdiction to that of the High Court of Justice in England. OO It is constituted l>y one Judge. In audition to receiving appeals from the Subordinate Courts, the Judge reviews criminal cases tried by these court- and bv Native Tribunals. The Judge is also empowered to can v out the duties of the Police Magistiale i!" necessity arises. The Supreme Court has the same jurisdict i«n over matters oceurr- ing in the Protectorate as it possesses in respect of matters occurring in the ('olony. The Protectorate Courts arc the Provincial Courts and the Native Tribunals. These latter were established in each .District by the Native Tribunals Ordinance, l!Kb*>. T'-i-se Courts, constituted bv native members only, have jurisdict n onlv oxer natives. Thcv administer uat ivc law and eusinm. the Mohammedan law relating to civil status, marriage, divorce, down, she rights ol* parents and guardianship when the parties arc both Mohammedans, and the provisions ol' local Ordinances which cooler jurisdiction on them. The jurisdiction of a Native Tribunal is delineti in the Warrant of the Governor establishing it. Native TnbunaU aie divided into two grades with the following jurisdict inn : — Grade A,—Criminal causes which can be adequately punished by nine months imprisonment or a line of £lo or both such imprisonment and timv Civil actions in which the debt, demand or damages does not e^eeed £.">()• Grade 15.—Criminal causes which can ho adequately punished by six months imprisonment or a lino of .1! 1 0 or b >th such imprisonment and line. Civil actions in which the. debt, demand or damage does c 1 exceed £2o. The1 Commissioner of the Province has wide powers of control and revision over the proceedings of Native Tribunals. Provincial Courts were established by the Provincial Courts Ordinance. l!K>oandare presided over by a Commissioner, or ati Assistant Commissioner. When presided over by a Commissioner, thcv are Subordinate Courts of the lirst class with the same criminal jurisdiction ;*s the Ihithurst Police Court when presided over by the Police Magisliate I q. v. ). When an Assistant Commissioner presides the Court is a Subordinate Court of the second class with the same jurisdict ion as the Ihithurst. Police Court wlmn presided over by Justices of the Peace (q. v. ). Provincial Courts have a civil jurisdiction in all claims up to 1* 100. An appeal lies from the Provincial Court to the Supreme Court, and the Court, can also bo required to state a case for the Supremo Court in a criminal matter. Coroner's Court, A Coroner is appointed for the Colony and is paid by fees. Inquests in the Protectorate are held by the Commissioners. •>o Jtitliciul Staff. There are one Judge, one MagishaJe, t w < M t y-sc\en Justices of the Peace and Commissioners of ihe Court of .lie«p;os.s. four or more ('ommissiomis. one ( aui nioi appro\imatelv two hundred memlx rs of N.»t!\e Tribunals. There is one olliee fur all tin- Colonial Courts wldeh i- in charge of ^ Clerk of Courts who keeps the record* and receive* lines ami fees. cv In ihe ( oh] rpni:,, We)e hfo'.ej'.t before the leithur-s. Police Ci m i " U! •h,c: do- \ a ! ;. - c M i j I «. «» v. l! h ! !1 | ei -. ij-s m j !».'! 1 . hi I be Pioo»cnc: • ib.- p ,\;*.-•;•:! ( < n .ih-:„;d- (hah with M a !. a ! j \ 7 ( i\ m- . i wit 11 !.:; ^7 < m - hi 1!»:; !. In add i; :. -o t • i: u) -' P"hee { i mi; : i*o d• a !t v. i: 11 ^ I ! i a i n ej; ca• -• : 1 1 m u ii - n; » ' - j c: ;t: uia i «i«• •»)<.; i a '; - lie d in the Sutueuie Court v : S ' t \ «. a; M'i'i 1 'MM «>a . a*, e >ns. •Supremo ('ourt l) (and t wo \ i found in* [ sane) ; POLICE ('ourt- 4XJ) Provincial ( Yaots :— North Ihuik Province 42 : t •Smith P>ank Province ., d I ;' i M.ed 'a» thy is. Province 2!) i UPPER River Province .. 41 i :;<> i Native Tribunals :— i NORTH Bank Pros inee .. Hi) I »<> i S<"'tli l»:UIK Province ... 294 2:* 271 i I 12 171 M{.cC:U"t!TV Is. Province ! 193 I tJjjH:i JIIV<-?' PROVINCE ... [ 211 { :>:\ 1 58 Chi I. Supreme ('ourt 1 !> i-asi-s Mohammedan ( "om llu ... ("oiiri of I!<'inii--.is I Vt>\ incial ( 'oiiiN i '•') Nat i\ c TriluinaU M>1 , PoLH K. The Police Force an armed hod \ Utiiir!' { |p- command of tin* (\anmh - aaa r of Pohce, ''In* oilaa- hii;•«>i ia n OUie*-,- an* the 1 As-OPOP ( oO.n * •'•'!'••: i >[ 1 \ •! L a \ 1 !\> • S u p .• p o • ; . :* !\.'|ie *;jld : the I e:e !• p 'I i •• A I : . ! , f | r ivrini' of P<.n.-. .>,;h- •n r, . p. - ami ? L".» .pp.- , ?p -.. had-.dimr 2 I r I la pa i j 1 •! h • • . In a«hiii «»n h» fir- m. o n P Pam-f Sain! Mais, tip* i • • •> P op-dnh oa* tin- d^r- l COU.nl ;\ nnn»P; r;;l ;»in. In" * l»j =; j \ I • a •!! oi -.,id - :.»,| J. j IN.!!)'!',, tralhe cupp< !. dp'PPep *. ;»! tp';« \ « ; >• -c. e i «»! t-tai.ioted priMiii"!'^ ih'hi iia1 I Vol '<•< • ..• I i * * 11»»: p - • I'. p .' • > a.d oiler mi>oe|)a!u "• a;- «! ul it >. In lie* P. e;«a I« n ap-, * •.! e.- ,pp ;•• > a ; * • n<> anali v undertaken bv tip* ('ninini^ionm >. wiih tin* a^i-Puaa* of Court Messengers (known lorallv as Iladge McsMiig< *P ^Maintenance nf Late and Order, Slatistics. 1<>34. ifJ3.>. Cases dealt with ...... o04 060 Prosecutions conducted...... ,Jdi> 4SS I'onvietious obtained ...... M40 4o!> Inquest summonses sen oil IB I. > Warrants executed ...... 21 1 Summonses and subpoena served ... 1270 902 Issue of* I,ice/tees* Motor Vehicle ...... MM 33<> Dog ...... !)N 63 .Firearms ...... IIS*1" 14a* Domestic Servant ...... 404 49.3 Motor Driver ...... 4<>l 4!)o Li(juor ...... 14 25 Kntertainment ...... K 9 * Iiathurst only. Traffic coidrof. Control is. maintained on weekdays in Bathurst from U a.m. to 0 p,nu On Fint/cr Print Hurra ft. The Bureau, which was organised in 1JKJL is adnunistctcd hv the llnndmaster in addition to Ids other duties and satisfactory progress was made during the year. Weights ami Measures are dealt with in Chapter XL Relations with the Public, Cood relations were maintained throughout the year. Training. Being an anmd force, instruction based on militaiv principles is included in the syllabus of training. The following subjects am included in the regular eouises of instruction : — Law and general police duties. ()bsei vat ion t raining. T rathe control. Physical training. Infantry drill. M tisket ry. Fire drill. Health. The health of the Force during 1 !Kb> was good. Banff. The public concerts given weekly were greatly appreciated by the inhabitants of Balhurst. VUISO.V In the (Jambia the main Prison is situated at. Balhurst, but there is a native prison at (ieorgetowm MacCnrthy Island Province. The buildings of the Prison at. JJatburst which were formerly tt^ed as an isolation hospital were converted into a prison in 15)20. They are of solid construction, well ventilated and are provided with electric light and a p'^c-boruc water supply. Accommodation is available for lot) prisoners and consists of three association wards, five solitary confinement cells, an infirmary,cook-house, stores and out-house*. The warders are accommodated close to the prison. 39 S'tatf. Tlu1 Stall consists of the Inspector of Prisons ('whoso duties arc performed hy tin1 ('nmmissioncr of Police), the Assistant Inspector of Prisons ( whose duties are performed hy the Assistant. Commissioner of .Police), an African Chief Warder and twenty-three other African warders. Health. The prison is visited dailv bv a Medical Ollicor. The health of the prisoners (luring 1 .Kid \er< good, the dadv average number of sick being per cent of the average daily number in the prison. I isiti/a/ Commit Ice. The pri-on is visited regularlv bv a commit lee appointed bv the. (iovernor. The present committee eou^o' of the Senior Medical ()Hieer. the A^'etaut I v fcei v or ( i eiiera I a i an African Member of the Legi.dative Comadl, In addition, ail Justice*, of lie* Peace hav ing jurisdiet ion in IJathurst iniiv. when tlu-v -o de>ire, inspect the prison a id examine the condition of the prisoners. Jitrenile Offenders. On the very rare oeca-ious that juveniles mv committed to prison they are given separate accommodation a,H' nlv tint allowed to associate with adult criminals. ./• emale Pri sonr rs* Very few females are commit ied to prison. Separate accommodation is provided for such prisoners and they are placed in charge of the Prison Matron. .tim/din/atrtd o/' Prisoners, In addition to the ordinarv routine work of cleaning, cooking etc. the prisoned are einplo\ed on minor public work under ihe supervision of ward. . A garden is maintained bv priv.m labour and. during 1 lit.W>\) |n>. of vegetables were c;iis<*iI for consumption by the prisoners. Prist*it ()ff ores. 'The discipline during lH!>o was good, thirteen oiTeuees being recorded. One prisoner "scaped but was recaptured. Ail missions and Dischn rt/cs. IJKJ4. UKk>. Admission ...... 2K4 292 Discharges ...... 223 2'M Average daily number of pri -oners ;>(H>8 75*5 C.MAI TKK X!V Ll.Olsl, \ ToN\ During 19m3 Incni v-onr Ordinances were enacted. The otnv ( )i\iinanei•> which eall lor any comment are:—- 77/e I ) 77/r f'r.tfrrliir-'tlc (irilhmm r — ( 'hum 11 ida i ing aval a me nil u.g the law relating to the llianag mei.I of the Protectorate. 77/r //V.m/v,-. 77t /V.a/v •. -rial ("e///7> (>; ttcr—Ldahhdling' in the l*r( elec torate Provincial Courts with cml ami criminal j m i>d ict ion clearlv «ie!i;ieii. /'//•' .\ ,//•/.'/'. i ',>// *!t,'! f\>f f/t/r ( 'a / s al>o. ' • < * l///r rdaa///) ()••>>.'. >:,><-, • — (/ni.s'.aa ale.:' p e\. r on i!,;- N av ; pa I a a i :oal IV cage I o ; r i t'i j|i;iu'' h\«'-!a\\- nrovidmv;' t o r i; i e gra I u oi c< aa i liea t es oi eom p: ctie v a- i'\< t' ma-Pa-. 11 na r; < •; - ma-1 «a-v ;: 11 I eppjue- < t! • * \ < •! * - and al-o lor tie' -nrvev o| m«»;(»r i>r sp.;llM, a* \ e — U ami lie- aopo;n:mia,i and d ol hcep, 77/" /»./>/''/;\.7 ./,/r d n"/ '/)>/(•;> ('<"',,,•;! < ) ,'d' ti't art - • K-t a b|ishing an \dv;-«a\ Cmmu! i'< a :!>.' [ -1; m o I oi Si. Mars i-on.-i-ling of n«-11 i i! ia I :•» i a la i ( h e; e | a i a I e \ -u'ihuo conned h U's \\ in * »| p v it is to make to ill" t.o\ern«»r i ee. aiiiiaaala i nat> or ^n^^isiiniis a llcei ing 11: • w • h a re of tie- p - ahait * a' i.-ing oil of ihe fo! low- in:: maio-rs.—iddaie lleahm Lighting. Iba.nam'. I louring, 'Lev ii I Manning, etc. 77/e M'nhrirf .< () rdhnf mMa k mg pi o\ i -ami I'o: the 1 aa ining and registration ol midvviv* - and loguialmg 111• •;r practice. 77/e A'.*'*//'' \ a! n n > a r (>,"•//><'< — Makme p^on^iou I'or tin* estahiishmen; of a \oiuuPer Na\al I)efonce Lore*. /7/e / .t/tn-tt/,'im ()nitmi are—Making- provision h»r the promotion of I'alucatioi . 77/<" Prt'.hntrs lic-srtil'tit'l Ord'r(/!/'',<> iVovnllllg' loi' (he reeog- io!ion • 11 tie* Ciilniiv mi prohate and letacr^ of admmi ra 1 ion grant-d m Majesty - do mmons. or !»v a llritish Court in a foreign country. 41 ClIAI'TKIt XV. IVlU.ir FlNANCK AND TvXATIOV. IleceiLtie and Expenditure. The Revenue .id Fvpendituro during the, last ten years were : Ykac. Mv.\ i;xi;i:. Kxi'KXDirciti:. 192« £214,181 £2l3,(>43 1027 2.32,419 277.(>25 1928 255,385 250,5% 1929 235,2<>5 28U.506 1930 *J 10,731* 253,228 1931 184,825 227.4*7 1932 200,132 19(1,015 1933 231,78 7 ISO, Hi 1 193 4 221,504 I74,(i(i3 1935 245.485 I94.(>W» Development Lnan, On I lie 1st February, 1JKM, the Crown Agents fur the Colotn-M arranged a loan lor the purpose of meeting part of: the eost of develop ment works undertaken in the Colony viz:—improvement of roads, water supply and wharf. The amount of stock issued WHS £:>8,7o!) l.'J 9 at £97 per eont bearin /, per cent interest per annum. The loan is redeemable in «H> yeai> and a sinking fund contribution is math1 at the rate of per cent per annum. At the (dose, of the year the sum of £297 remained undisbursed and the sinking fund stood at £2,211. -Gore, iimeut Funds, (a) Surplus of Assets over Liabilities on :51st. December, 1935 ... £224,ft70 (h) Reserve Fund ...... 73,3 UK (r) Steamer Depreciation Fund ...... lS,03ti Taxation. The main sources of Revenue from taxation with the yield for the last five years were as follows:— 1931 193^ 1933 1934. 1935 Customs ImfHtn Duties. £ £ £ £ £ Ad VALOREM 7,522 1 8.588 18,480 8,392 10.51 !> •SPECIFIC :— KOLSI Nuts 22,319 29,294 33,528 38,559 54.G8:* KEROSENE \* 1'ETROLEUM 2,(178 2,<>00 4.789 fi,15l 7,872 SPIRITS 2,587 2,463 2,4(J1 3,430 :j,90(» TOBACCO ... 9,954 10,821 14,704 8,974 17,1 42 ]<;3l 11)32 11)33 1034 11)3;>. »' £ £ £ Sugar — — — 2,(I!)5 4.355 Cottons ... — — — 1 1.2 7:5 22.395 Wines 2,oso 1.'I23 2.11)4 1.353 2.4 38 ( Mhcr art icies 7.503 **.o:>o 3«;.:»7!) 1 2.5 1 5 1 4.028 Rice — 7.984 . Cushans Export Duty. (i round-nuts 1.S..V20 33.(ioy .»5.«I(»C5 22.35ft Total Custom* ) 21 .!)S7 £ loo. I to 157.MI fl 11,020 i'l 7 1,014 Italics. ) Port I);m> 2,!).")!) 2.:I2 l 2.7 73 2.7 US 3.023 1 Yoteelor; te Taxes 10.17!) s.:;_,» 14.1ST 13.H3S l i.3i;5 Trade I dcences 2.3i;o 1 .!MIS :;. 111 3.195 3.34 7 Ollmr Licences "j Licpior. Motor > 1.91 1 2.4 35 1.SS3 2.12(1 2.(127 Car e1 e. J Town Kairs 2.:JS.'; 2.5 S| 2.057 2.242 1.97S TOTVL. £1 -I 1.782 f 1 1 S. 1 2 1 it 8l.l 72 i! 1 K 5,5 89 l" 19(1.354 Customs Tariff* The duty on Foreign eem int wa< increased from l/.W to 2.'<>.Y per 400lbs. gross. /vYc/Vr ami Stamp duties. Timre are noe\c:sk duties. Tim re\emic collected ii 1 !).'>> uu 1 jr the Statu:* Dutv Ordinance amounted to £222. Yard Ta.r. Cnder tlm Protectorate Ordinance the following scale of Yard Tax is imposed: — i ti) For every yard containing not more than 4 11 uts or House* ...... \h) For every additional Hut <>r limine in the yard 1 /(> ir) For every person residing in c yanl other than a member of the family of owner or occupier 2/- (d) For every person residing in a yard who is not, a member of the family of the owner or occupier and who cultivates public land ... HJ- 4:j ClI.W'IKK XVI.— L \M> AN f> Stl.VKY. The Land and Survey ])epartment carries out Hirveys of the townships i;i 11:c• Protec'mate win it- plots are leased for 1 rading purposes. Individual plot*, in the ProO clorale auti RalhuiM are also surve\ed when applied tor and the necessary plans and deeds are prepared. Valines other surveys arc made as i< quired hy {lovcrnmcnt and miscellaneous duties are porfoimed in ngard Jo lands lu hi under lease horn (io\eminent, the revision and preparation ol" plans, valuations of propei t h s and the us.m ssineni of rates foi the town of Hathurst. ete. (irants aval Leases of puhlie land in the ( <>l<»nv and Protectorate are regulated hy the terms of the Puhlie Lands f(Jraiit> and Dispositions) Ordinance No. o id* 1!H)2. hfeehoid grains are now seldom made and then only in exceptional circumstance^. The pi escnt practice is to 1^1 an! leases either from \cnr to year or for periods not exceeding 21 years. Plot.- at the various trading eenhes in the Protoetotafe or k- Wharf Towns" as they arc oalluh where ground-nuts are collected lor export, are leased at a rental \ar\in^ from £2 to 1*4 per 1.000' Mjuare yards according to situation. The area of these plot* is limited in ordmars «dreumstances to (5.000 square yards. The whole of the town of Hathtust as now laid out has heen granted cither in fee simple or maha* lease. JJciits of plots leased bv (iovernment in Hathurst vary from 10/- per 1.000 square feel for plots in residential areas to 1*2 10. 0„ per 1.000 square feci for plots along the river front leased for eommeroiel purposes. No concession* of lands for the txpioratioo of minerals or other purposes are in exist< nee. Lents payable to (iowrnmcnt on public lands and Wharf Licences in Piathursl and the Protectorate and rahseu properties in Hat hurst amounted to IdLUoO for the Year li/.Vn wdiilsl 1*222 were rccadved in respect of survey fees, In 1 !K54 the rents and rates amounted to XT. 1 o-l and the foes for surveys to £ 1HS. K\ pond it ure was 1*1,708 in I !Khj as compared with XLSl'iO in l!)o4. Actirilits During J0>jj. Surreys. Plots were surveyed at various wharf towns in tlie Protectorate and in Hathurst. .Revision survey for a new edition of the plan of the town of Hathurst was continued, three-fourths of the work being completed. Four surveys were carried out in Hat hurst. The survey and levelling of a portion of the Fajarra INSTATE was completed. The following wharf town plans were revised :— Kuntau-ur Whaif, ISausang, (Jcorglown, Larnin Koto,. Kau-ur Wharf, Jissadi and Fatoto. 44 Li7 plans were prepared in connection with lands and wharves gi and (1 or lie* Used. Plans w IC.'pOU d. Various plan-, iracings and sun prints weie made for 1 )epartmental use, jur tl;e ( oie.jnissioneis and in eonneeiion with the proposed I tat hurst loclamation Scheme. Fori \ -tInee tracings of plots* and wharves surveyed, made. Map- of tlessadi ami Lamiu Koto re-drawn, .Numerous plans, tracings and sun-print s supplied to other I)epartm< nt^. (i;%t:n 4 s <<)* For1 v-seveti grants, leases and wharf licences were prepared. /o* Vv <• I s irsswenf. Ihitlui 1st. 'I he iiating List, for llb'hj was completed eat Iv in the \ ear and that for I Kid was prepare d for public inspection. The Laud 1 Mhoer and Surveyor was the Chairman of tin* Kates Assessment I'ommittee in 1JKJ."). j\]?S<'ci!lltt1'OllS. The Li mo d List of (i rants and Wharf Licences in the Colony rial Protectorate was revised up to 31st. December. HKb>. The Land and Survey Department supplied the Public Works D(|a;tm(iit throughout the year with tin* correct local time for regulating the (docks. Valuations of propel ties in Bathurst were made for the Curator of .Intestate Instates. 45 4 CHAPTKH XVII Ml.SCKI.LAKlSOVS. The celebration of the Twenty-fifth Anniversary of Hi? Majesty's Accession to the 'Throne was fittingly observed in .Bathurst and in the Protectorate on Oth and 7th May. On the first of these da\s in lhithurst Thanksgiving Services were held in Church and afterwards His Kxoeliencv the (iovcrnor, His Honour the .lodge of the Supreme Court and Members of the Legis lative Council processed through the town, A Military Parade was held ihe same afternoon, followed by a reception in (Jovernment I louse in the evening. His Majesty's broadcast, message was likened to intently by many people. On the second day, His Kxcellcncy addressed the school children in the morning, cakes and sweetmeats being afterwards distributed, and sports were held in th« afternoon. A firework displav and A concert by the Band of the (Jambia Police Force took place in the evening. Food to the value of £40 was distributed to the poor of lhithurst by the Ward Heads during the week, and special prayers were o lie red in the Mosque on the Friday following the celebrations. In the Protectorate, the Silver Jubilee was duly celebrated at Provincial and District. Headquarters. In the last eight months of the year large quantities of Jubilee Stamps were sold, and, during the celebrations. Jubilee Medals were on sde in their various forms. Five French military airplanes visited the (iamhia on the 27th of Fehruarv, and on the 20th of Mav the Santander", a single cuinned British "Clem " machine of Spanish ownership, left ou its successful solo Hight to Port Natal, South America. The u K. M. S. " Atlantis made* two oue-da\ visits, on the 27th of Fehruarv, and the .'Hst of December in the course of pleasure cruises. Visits of other ships were curtailed at the beginning of the year owiug; to the quarantine restrictions in force in Bathurst. ArPKXDJX I. The following are the principal firm* carrying en a imueral import and export trade in the (iamhia : — N:oia» AiMiv>- in i!i<• ioiini«i:i. out ^i«!e l lie t t: 11111 • i: i. llniletl Al'riea ( o14 Ltd. Wellington Street 1 Ui!e\ I |nl|>m Pathmst. Plaek friar,.. I am Ion. L,( \ L Fngland, Le ('(•itiincirc A IVieaii n tio. ( r o if ilf \'\ tVii[U«5 I'l ;iut'.»;>t\ 11 I * Mi * Km \ i 1v i > >i'II«• i a \, I'Y.'lhee. Cotnpagnio Fianoaiso de L'A frapie ( *ocidentalo Pngm, Marseilles Li anee% Kt atdissenmni s Maurel tNv do. ! 18, line Porte h mi ! 1 )ijeaux. Bordeaux , h'ranee. Kiablisscmenls \ e/ia do. IS, I(ue Ferivre liordeattx, France. Maurel Fretvs 8. A, dm liepiesehied lo M uuel Km! t s Si >r"h' ; ',\ I't'spousiiiilit * Ijiiuiue, li. Quai Louis XVI I 1 Lord' aux. Km in v. V. Q. Petersen do. 2!h Boulevarde Pi net. Lanrade, Dakar. F.W.A. Sarkis Madi Kussel Street Campbell IJro>, lJathursL (\mter & i o,, Ltd. :JT—1 1 (iruv- church S| ; London, L.C. • England. ,L Bahsah, Bahsali Bros, 6c Co., Ltd. do. 82, Piineess Street, Manchester, Kngland, 47 ArPKXDiX II. IdST OF PPBUCATf >XS KKLATINt! TO THP C.AM1-J1A. VKAR Ot PRICE. WO UK. •VUTHOR. PUBLIC A AG EXT. TIOX. A s. it Thc(ianihia <'«ihinv :uj«l I'Y.u»n> IJi-srt |«11 ri; m. Pride- Po u Hi ( I'rnin'iniiiif: All <) flic i a I An ih-r ind., hoinini, I laailwoi k. IlMorv of the (lamina II |\ |!» n,.. Mevsrs. Sin«i h 0 G 0 < Ma... M.l.r.r.. KldeiyA- Co. ta, Waterloo Place. London. 1 Kcport mi lh" Auricul- (. J>a\M\ I'.LM |{eeei\ i r < m ma a * :> o fural r«Hid i i ioiisa!i ( 'In*' ninliiLjinil Accaian of < (i h \ a P.'JI .to. n o f* • lames Man.I are. A 11 ir< Ia>' of I»!:iatv <•>,!,.,•:* ,| M. T. I >;i v. • •> u i n in 'iir (i;. a a • i L .v. KI!.U>. i,.. Mm I >r. 11 I hr kin im-j | a m () V..«mI.haI Lev « a i di: tar v. aa- ; :!»,(• >-i . CAI.C, v, llh ;ui Ai|«ira«i, !>.>.»> . .M.A.. lepoi i hy < h< 1 l«»!n ai;. j p'j,; Pcc-i \ ia ( o a r;iL laV \V.< i A. i u mi J,\ ( PuhiUM. and P.P.. .\I |\. I'arhanc nitrs < Vow it A mans I' :aler Sen riat \ oi Slam fur I ho ( 'oj >n!es ; for llh* ( i>l Pepor! oil .'» ltapi«l W. ( i. < i. Coepe! }|rJ7 it :\ o < ieoloojc.il Snr\ v of |j Sr (Par1 ) Hie (iamhia. The ("art Irejitaaa Vo\ a: sur Kielunonu WKW IJofij\x r (it ue. ah (» u o to West A I'l ie.i . Palmer. Patburse K.e.M.m. ej:.|-,. A Sire t IIINIuiv of tar \V. T. Ilaml; n ja;;j (iamhia. A Sim? i Phrase !>ook am! A Slaai Study of llh' \\\ T. Haadyn PJ.i."i WeMem Maadinka !L UIL1U l«je. u 1 fi ilvm ral lo'porl "i« 11 if* up to heceo e-r (»e!iera I 1 1 (iamhia (aanaal.) t :»:;••) a uu ('rov . p. A^au>. Heuort Reports, etc., of Imperial and Colonial Interest MIGRATION. Report to the Secretary of State for Dominion A Quit* of the Inter-Depart mental Committee on Migration Policy. [Cuid.4089.] 1«. i>d. (is. b'.l.) MALTA. Report of Royal Commission, 1931. [Cmd. 3993.] 3*. 6e/. (3*. 11•. (on. \)d.). IMPERIAL CONFERENCE, 1930. Summary of Proceedings. [Cmd. 3717.] 2s. (2s. 2d.). Appendices to the Summary of Proceedings. [Cmd. 3718.] 4s. (4s. 4d.). ReiHjrt of the Conference on Standardstion. (Including Resolutions adopted by the Imperial Conference). [Cmd. 37l All prices are net. 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