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Disarmament and World Peace: Proposed Manifesto and Program of the Socialist Party of America

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Disarmament and World Peace: Proposed Manifesto and Program of the Socialist Party of America SPA: Draft Manifesto on Disarmament and World Peace [Dec. 26, 1914] 1 Disarmament and World Peace: Proposed Manifesto and Program of the Socialist Party of America. [December 26, 1914] Published in The American Socialist [Chicago], v. 1, no. 24, whole no. 112 (Dec. 26, 1914), pg. 1. NOTE: At the last meeting of the National Executive Committee [Chicago: Dec. 12-13, 1914], the question of a manifesto and program for international disarmament and peace was given serious and extended consideration. It was finally decided to appoint a sub-committee to draft a suitable manifesto and formulate a proposed program to be submitted to the NEC and later to the National Committee and finally to the International, with the hope of securing a united action, along a definite line, of constructive measures for international peace. The following is the first draft of the proposed manifesto and program as submitted by the sub-committee. The supreme tragedy of human history is havoc and death — all these have played their sin- upon us. ister part. European civilization is engulfed. The world’s peace is shattered. The future of the hu- The Fundamental Causes. man race is imperilled. Back of all of those, however, lie the deeper, Immediate Causes of the War. more fundamental causes which give rise to them. The fundamental causes are economic. All are familiar with the more superficial and Every capitalistic nation on earth exploits its immediate causes of the war. Previous wars and people. The wages received by the workers are al- the terms of settlement which created lasting ha- ways less than the market value of the goods which treds and thoughts of revenge; commercial rival- they produce. Consequently when the workers ries and colonial antagonisms; the Triple Alliance enter the market they cannot buy back an amount and the Triple Entente dividing all Europe into of wealth equal to that which their labor created two armed antagonistic camps; the remnants of a and put into the market. A surplus accumulates. feudal system which retarded modern social and The capitalist class cannot consume it all or profit- political progress; racial and religious prejudices; ably invest it in a nation suffering from capitalis- secret intrigue of diplomats and the lack of demo- tic exploitation. Thus sooner or later each capi- cratic control by the people; vast systems of mili- talistic nation is suffocated with the surplus prod- tary equipment; fear and suspicion bred and spread ucts resulting from its own exploitation. Having by a vicious jingo press in all nations; powerful exhausted its home market, unwilling and unable armament interests that reap rich harvest out of to readjust its processes so as to eliminate exploi- 1 2 SPA: Draft Manifesto on Disarmament and World Peace [Dec. 26, 1914] tation, every capitalist nation is compelled to en- Will the World Learn the Lesson? ter the struggle for foreign markets. All the rest of the tragedies of capitalism fol- If now this unspeakable tragedy shall serve low upon this fundamental feature. Each capital- to teach the world the real, the underlying and istic nation enters the list to fight for foreign mar- fundamental causes of the war, so that by remov- kets. Hence arise the commercial rivalries of na- ing these causes the world henceforth may live at tions, the policies of imperialism, the conflicts for peace, the war may be worth the cost. commercial supremacy, ever growing more intense If, on the other hand, the people of the world and fierce as the nations expand and the world’s shall remain blind to these real causes and con- field of conquest narrows. Hence arise the poli- tinue ignorant or unaware of the underlying mean- cies of armaments, every year more immense and ing of the tendencies of modern capitalistic soci- monstrous. Hence arise the strategy, the intrigue ety and leave all these forces still at work, then of secret diplomacy, till all the world is involved indeed is this world war an unmitigated curse. For, in a deadly struggle for the capture and control of if the causes that brought on this war are left to the world market. operate, then the war will not be the last. It will Thus capitalism, functioning through the be only the first of a series of wars more terrible modern nationalistic state with its vast armaments, and more tragic than this, until one mighty and secret diplomacies, and undemocratic govern- monstrous imperialism has drenched the world ments, inevitably leads to war. in blood and subdued the peoples in an abject slavery more brutal and unbearable than the world Socialists Warned the World. has ever seen. For more than half a century the socialist The Supreme Duty Now. movement has warned the world of this impend- ing tragedy. With every power at their command The supreme duty of the hour is for us, the the socialists of every nation have worked to pre- socialists of all the world, to dedicate ourselves vent it. But the warning has gone unheeded and anew to the imperishable principles of interna- the socialist propaganda against war has been ig- tional socialism; to strengthen the bonds of work- nored and suppressed by the ruling powers and ing class solidarity; to deepen the currents of con- the majority of the people of all the nations. scious internationalism; and to proclaim to the Today our prediction has been only too world a constructive program for permanent swiftly and tragically fulfilled. War, with all its peace. horrors, is upon us. The socialists of America extend to the so- And it has come as the logical and inevitable cialists of all the world our greetings and hail them outcome of the forces of the capitalist system. It all our brothers and our comrades. has come in spite of the warnings and protest of To the socialists in lands still free from the the socialist and labor movement and indeed in blight of war we extend our greetings and the as- spite of the personal desires of many of the capi- surance of our readiness to join at once in the task talists themselves. The capitalist system is a mod- of the reinforcement or reconstruction of the In- ern Frankenstein which is destroying its own cre- ternational upon such a basis that henceforth it ators. cannot be shaken by the uttermost storms of na- tionalism and capitalist conflict. To our comrades in the countries now rav- SPA: Draft Manifesto on Disarmament and World Peace [Dec. 26, 1914] 3 aged by war, whose lands are bathed in blood and 1. National disarmament shall be effected im- tears and bitterness — above the roar of cannon, mediately upon the adoption of the peace pro- we proclaim to you our firm unfaltering faith in gram by a sufficient number of nations, or by na- international socialism. tions of sufficient power so that the international We refuse to believe our comrades wholly police force developed by the terms of the pro- false to the principles for which they have suf- gram shall be adequate to insure the protection of fered so much and which they have labored so the disarmed. long to plant in the hearts of men. The tidal wave 2. No increase in existing armaments under of nationalism may for the moment overwhelm, any circumstances. but it cannot destroy the ideals of international 3. Pending complete disarmament the aboli- brotherhood which you have cherished. To you, tion of the manufacture of armaments and muni- also, we extend the summons of the constructive tions of war for private profit. task that now awaits us. 4. International ownership and control of stra- To the socialist and labor forces in all the tegic waterways, such as the Dardanelles, Straits world and to all who cherish the ideals of justice of Gibralter, and the Suez, Panama, and Kiel Ca- and peace, we make our appeal believing that out nals. of the ashes of this mighty conflagration will yet 5. Neutralization of the seas. arise the deeper internationalism and the great democracy and peace. IV. Extension of Democracy. As measures calculated to bring about these 1. Political democracy. results, we urge the following: (a) The declaration of offensive war to be made only by direct vote of the people. OUR PROGRAM. (b) Abolition of secret diplomacy and the democratic control of foreign policies. I. Terms of peace at close of present war must (c) Universal suffrage, including woman be such as to protect the nations from future wars suffrage. and conserve the identity of the smaller nations. 2. Industrial democracy. 1. No indemnities. RADICAL SOCIAL CHANGES IN ALL 2. No transfer of territory, except upon con- COUNTRIES TO ELIMINATE THE sent and by vote of the people within the terri- ECONOMIC CAUSES OF WAR, tory. such as (a) Federation of the working classes of the II. International Federation — United States world in a league of peace. of the World. (b) Socialization of the national resources, 1. Court or courts for the settlement of all dis- public utilities, and fundamental putes between nations. equipment of industry of the nations. 2. International congress, with legislative and (c) Elimination of all unearned income. administrative powers over international affairs, (d) Immediate and progressive amelioration and with permanent committees in place of of the conditions of labor. present secret diplomacy. 3. International police force. V. Immediate Action. 1. Efforts to be made in every nation to secure III. National Disarmament. the official adoption of the above program by the 4 SPA: Draft Manifesto on Disarmament and World Peace [Dec. 26, 1914] governing bodies at the earliest possible date.
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