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History of the First Division During the World War, 1917-1919

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History of the First Division During the World War, 1917-1919 fflSTORY OF THE FIRST DIVISION THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF MS NOTED IN THIS DIVISION A SPECIAL PRIDE OF SERVICE AND A HIGH STATE OF MORALE NEVER BROKEN BY HARDSHIP NOR BATTLE. 2KEL hat QJnntcU Mtttuersity Sitbrarg 3tl;ara. Nem ^ork Cornell University Library D 570.3 1st.A5 Histoi 3 1924 027 817 547 .„, The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924027817547 HISTORY OF THE FIRST DIVISION DURING THE WORLD WAR, 1917-1919 THE FIRST VICTORIOUS CRUSADE HISTORY OF THE FIRST DIVISION DURING the WORLD WAR 1917 - 1919 COMPILED AND PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY OF THE FIRST DIVISION ''''The Commander-in-Chief has noted in this Division a special pride of service and a high state of morale, never broken bw hardship nor battled — G. 0. No. 20/, A. E. F., November ig, ig/8 jftrst E&ttton PHILADELPHIA, PA. THE JOHN C. WINSTON COMPANY I 922 Copyright 1922, by The Society op the Fibst Division CONTENTS viii C'tJNTENTS PAGE CHAPTER VI. The Saizerais Sector 143 Movement to the Sector—The Sector—Life in the Sector. CHAPTER VII. Vaucouleurs 149 The Area—Training. CHAPTER VIII. The Reduction of the St. Mihiel Salient. 152 The Salient—The Plan of Attack—The First Division's Zone of Action—The Preparation for the Attack—The Battle. CHAPTER IX. The Meuse-Argonne Offensive 172 The Theater of Operations—The Division in Reserve—The Division Enters the Line—The Mission—The Terrain—The Preparation—The Battle—First Day, October 4th—Second Day, October .5th—Third Day, October 6th—Fourth Day, Octo- l)er 7th—Fifth Day, October 8th—Sixth Day, October 9th— Seventh Day, October 10th—Eighth Day, October 11th—The Recall—Summary of tlie Battle. CHAPTER X. The First Division PiESUmes the Battle 217 In the Rest Area—Operations of the First Field Artillery Brigade —The First Division in Coi ps Reserve—The First Division Again Enters the Jjine—Sc(lan, the Coal. CHAPTI:R XI. The Frlits of Vu tohy 237 The Armistice—The March to the Rhine—The Bridgehead—Life in the Bridgehead—Homeward Bound—America's Greeting. RETROSPECT ... 263 ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... .... 265 PART II THE HONOli ROLL 271 PART III COMMi'^NDATlONS OF THE FIRST DIVISION 341 PART IV FIELD ORDMUS 389 PART \ MAPS .... In Separate Container .. .. PHOTOGRAPHS PAGE General John J. Pershing 3 ]\Iarshal Foch 15 ]\Iajor General Wilham L. Sihcrt . 33 Lieutenant General Rolicrt L. Bullard. 37 General Debeney. 53 ]\larshal Petain . 89 ]Major General Charles P. Summerall. 109 Brigadier General Frank Parker . 239 Major General Edward F. McGlachlin, Jr. , 257 ILLUSTRATIONS INSERTS Colored Plates The First Mctorious Crusade .Frontispiece The Gold Star .Placing Dedication, p. xiii Insignia of the AUies . .Facing Tribute, p. xxi Winter—Seicheprcy . Facing p. 49 Spring—Cantigny. .Facing p. 69 Summer—Soissons. .Facing p. 99 Autumn—Argonne . .Facing p. 177 The Chosen Corps . Facing p. 269 Regimental Photographs General Staff, First Division ... Headquarters Troop and Military Police After p. 64 First Division Trains 16th Infantry 18th Infantry After p. 96 1st Machine Gun Battalion. 26th Infantry 28th Infantry After p. 128 2d Machine Gun Battalion 3d Machine Gun Battalion. 1st Engineers After p. 160 2d Field Signal Battalion . 5th Field Artillery 6th Field Artillery After p. 208 7th Field Artillery (ix) ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT PAGE Instruction days in handling "trench mortar" 23 Artillery receiving instruction in handling French 75-min. guns 23 Troops on practice march in snow, near Gondrecourt, France, Decem- ber, 1917 29 A 75-mm. gun with which Battery C, 6th F. A., fired the first American shot at 6.05 a. m., October 23, 1917 29 Position of 7th F. A. along Beaumont road, France, February 26, 1918 45 First Division "dough boy" in trenches, Ansauville Sector, France. 45 Machine gun at Villers-Tournelle firing at German aeroplanes 50 Reading the welcome letter from home at entrance to dug-out 50 General Pershing addressing officers of First Division before they leave for the attack, Chaumont-en-Vcxin, France, April, 1918 60 Entrance to P. C. 16th Infantry blocked by bursting shell, Broyes, France, Miiy 2, 1918 60 A French flame-thrower burning out a German dug-out, Cantigny, May 28, 1918 73 A French soldier, carrying a flame-thrower, waiting for German prisoner to come out from dug-out, Cantigny, May 28, 1918. ... 73 The first wave of 28th Infantry jumping off in attack on Cantigny, May 28, 1918 73 The 28th Infantry, in squad column formation, advancing on Cantigny, May 28, 1918 73 The 28th Infantry advancing, with French tanks, on Cantigny, France, May 28, 1918 81 Machine gun in shell hole in No-Man's-Land 81 Military police bringing German prisoners captured by First Division drive . 94 German prisoners and machine gun captured by men of the 28th Infantry at Lahaj^ville, France 94 Members of Ambulance Co. No. 12 rendering first aid at dressing station at Lahayvillc, France 101 Gassed patients of First Division, with eyes bandaged, at Field Hospital No. 13, near Caply, France 101 Camouflaged position of 7tli Field Artillei-y near Mesnil St. Firmin, France, July 5, 1918 106 6th Field Artillery placing gun in position after advance, Missy-aux- Bois, France, July, 1918 106 16th Infantry digging in near Clmudun, France, July 19, 1918 116 7th Field Artillery in action at Soissons, France, July 19, 1918 116 Advance of Kith Infantry near Dormiers, France, July, 1918, showing location of German trench mortar that was captured 116 26th Infantry in fox-holes near Paris-Soissons road, France, July 19, 1918 119 (x) . PAGE 16tli Infantry crossing haiiied wire in advance on Soissons, France, July 18, 1918 .... 119 Battery of "jth Field iVrtillery taking up advanced ])osition, near Floysey, France, July 20, 1918 125 Wounded First Division men being carctl for by sanitary train in an old church at Neuville, France .... 125 IMachine gunners, First Division, passing through St. Baussant, France, in advance on St. Mihiel front, September 13, 1918. 130 ^'iew from INIont Sec, showing ammunition dump burning from explosion of German shell 130 Men of ISth Infantry running across road at Exermont, France, while town is being shelled. Dead German lying on ground . 148 7th Field Artillery, First Division, rename street at Nonsard, France, in honor of President Wilson, September 13, 1918. 148 6th Field Artillery taldng up position in front of Mont See, France. 155 The rear elements in an attack—supplies, ammunition, machine guns, food—all moving forward in the St. INIihiel Salient, France 155 Machine gunners in action on Hill 240, near Exermont, France, October 5, 1918 166 Signal troops establishing radio and phone communications at Exer- mont, France .... 166 18th Infantry holed in on side of Hill 240, Exermont, October 11, 1918 179 Observation post on Hill 240, near Exermont, France, October 7, 1918 179 First Division men encamped on hillside behind ruins of Cheppy, France, October 1, 1918 .... 188 28th Infantry entering Germany at Wormeldingen, November 30, 1918 188 7th Field Artillery crossing Moselle River on ferry boat at Ruinen Beilstein, Germany, December 8, 1918 197 18th Infantry crossing IMoscUe River at Gravcnmacher, Germany. 197 Aeroplane view of military pontoon bridge across the Rhine River at Honningen, German}', built by 1st Engineers, First Division .... 220 First Division soldier keeping "Watch on the Rhine" at Coblentz, Germany, December, 1918 220 The Lorraine Monument ... 225 A First Division soldier on guard in a famous castle, the ancestral home of the von Walderdees, where the former Kaiser frequently visited, Molsberg, Germany 242 First Division crossing the Rhine River on German military pontoon bridge, December, 1918 .... ....246 The 16th Infantry passing through victory arch. New York City . 246 A First Division Monument 249 The five battle monuments erected at Cantigny, Soissons, St. Mihiel, the Argonne and Sedan 252 (xi) rA(iE Artillery of First Division in parade at Washington, D. C, September 17, 1919 254 Infantry of First Division in parade at Washington, D. C, September 17, 1919 262 MAPS I. Gondrecourt Area ; Con de-en-Barrois Area; N'aucouleurs Area. II. Sommerviller Sector. III. AnsauviUe Sector. IV. Cantigny Operation. ^^ Chaumont-en-Vexin Area; the Marne Salient. VI. Soissons Operation. VII. Saizerais Sector. VIII. St. Mihiel Operation. IX. Meuse-Argonne Offensive. X. Sedan Operation. XL Barrage Chart. XII. Coblentz Bridgehead. (xii) To The Deathless Memory OF Our Dead who, coming from every part of our land, answered THEIR country's CALL; WHO DID NOT SHRINK WHEN DEATH AWAITED, BUT, WITH SUBLIME COURAGE, ADVANCED WITH UNFALTERING STEPS AGAINST THE ENEMY'S MOST WITHERING FIRE, OR STOOD WITH UNSHAKEN VALOR AGAINST HIS MURDEROUS onslaughts; who marked with their BODIES IN A LAST BIVOUAC THE BATTLE-LINES OF THE DIVISION THEY LOVED, OR WHO PERISHED ON BEDS OF PAIN FROM WOUNDS AND DISEASE; AND WHO SLEEP IN SHRINES OF EVERLASTING HONOR AND INSPIRATION; THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED BY THEIR COMRADES ( XHl ) FOREWORD AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES OFFrCE OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF —O^-cejx^ ^^M_ UU-LJT-zr/zxz, ^ ^:i-^x^ /y^er^^ A-^a^iu-^ "^HA^^^au^i^ a-c^.rt_ /-^st:^:/^^^ -"^^ ''^^ J^' fxv) /S'y^/a (xvi) ) INTRODUCTION In the following pages, it is intended to record briefly some of the accomplishments of the First Division in the World War. History cannot be written until the perspective ol time unfolds to our vision the true relationship of events. It is proper, however, that those who participated in the stirring deeds of the Division, and those who were interested in its fortunes, should have the story of its life and progress.
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