Third Biennial Conference Short-Rotation Woody Crops Operations Working Group

STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK College of Environmental Science and Forestry Third Biennial Conference Short-Rotation Woody Crops Operations Working Group October 10-13, 2000 Syracuse, New York Hosted by: State University of New York College of Environmenal Science and Forestry Sponsored by NCASI US DOE Oak Ridge National Laboratory USDA Forest Service Electric Power Research Institute Photo: David Parsons/NREL New York Center for Forestry Research and Development Short-Rotation Woody Crops Program ad SUNY ESF IUFRO Working Unit 1.09.00 Proceedings of the Short-Rotation Woody Crops Operations Working Group Third Conference October 10-13, 2000 Syracuse, New York USA Hosted by: State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Administrative Sponsors: Electric Power Research Institute National Council of the Paper Industry for Air & Stream Improvement US Department of Energy Oak Ridge National Laboratory Biomass Feedstock Development Program USDA Forest Service Research and Development Sustaining Sponsors: BASF Corporation B. B. Hobbs Company Boise Cascade Corporation DuPont Forestry Products Morbark Inc. Netafim Irrigation Inc. Rain Bird Agri-Products Toro Ag/Drip In Irrigation Company Westvaco Corporation Compiled by Timothy A. Volk, Lawrence P. Abrahamson, and Jennifer L. Ballard August 2001 These proceedings include papers or abstracts of presentations given by the authors and submitted to the organizers of the Third Conference of the Short-Rotation Woody Crops Operations Working Group. The authors are responsible for the content of the individual papers. Please direct any questions to the authors listed for each paper. Contact information for the authors can be found in Appendix 1. Short-Rotation Woody Crops Operations Working Group Homepage: www.woodycrops.org ISSN: 1527-0394 Prepared August 2001 Faculty of Forestry College of Environmental Science and Forestry State University of New York Syracuse, NY 13210 USA ii Proceedings of the Short-Rotation Woody Crops Operations Working Group Prologue Interest in the production of short-rotation woody crops (SRWC) continues to grow in North America and around the world. The primary market for SRWC, in terms of the area planted, continues to be fiber for the pulp and paper market. However, interest in SRWC to produce bioenergy and/or bioproducts is increasing. Alternative applications for SRWC, such as use in wastewater and nutrient management systems, riparian buffer strips, phytoremediation, and brownfield development are being explored, tested, and used in various locations worldwide. While important progress has been made in the field of SRWC, there are many areas where additional research and operational experience will improve production system efficiency, overall economics, and the public’s perception of SRWC. For example, changing market conditions will require deployment and refinement of different silvicultural systems for SRWC. Improving the establishment, management, harvesting, and transportation of SRWC will yield both economic gains and environmental benefits. In addition, breeding programs are producing new clones with improved insect and disease resistance, growth form, and yields, but many questions about genotype by environment interactions are not yet well understood. With rapidly developing interest in other applications and uses for biomass from SRWC, breeding programs can also focus on other traits, such as preferential uptake or break-down of soil and water contaminants (pollutants), improved nutrient and water use efficiency, and special fiber or wood composition. Finally, as the public becomes more aware of SRWC, they have some concerns about whether the fiber, bioenergy, and/or bioproducts produced from SRWC are sustainable. The sustainability of these systems needs to be quantified and communicated to the public in terms that are easily understood. Feedback received from the Conference participants indicated that this Third Conference of the SRWC Operations Working Group was beneficial for all involved. The speakers presented informative and thought-provoking ideas on a wide range of topics related to SRWC. The moderators did an excellent job facilitating discussions and keeping the presentations on schedule. Credit for the logistics of the conference go to Horace Shaw, Kathy Cole and Kari Bakken of the Continuing Education Office at SUNY-ESF. Their planning and execution of the logistics made the event flow smoothly. Brian Kiernan coordinated the computer-based presentations and ensured that they ran effectively and efficiently. Lessons learned from previous conferences, and input from their organizers made the coordination of the Third Conference an easier task and resulted in a successful meeting. Timothy A. Volk and Lawrence P. Abrahamson Short-Rotation Woody Crops Program, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY Proceedings Compilers July 2001 Third Conference, October 10-13, 2000, Syracuse, NY, USA. iii iv Proceedings of the Short-Rotation Woody Crops Operations Working Group Table of Contents PROLOGUE__________________________________________________________ III TECHNICAL SESSION: OVERVIEW OF SRWC PROGRAMS ________________ 1 Short Rotation Woody Crop Cooperative Research Program ___________________ 3 M.D. Coleman Short Rotation Woody Crops Cooperative Research Program Experiment A: Fundamental Controls of Growth and Productivity __________________________ 13 D.R. Coyle and M.D. Coleman Short Rotation Woody Crops for Florida __________________________________ 15 James A. Stricker, Donald L. Rockwood, Stephen A. Segrest, Gillian R. Alker, G.M. Prine, and D.R. Carter The Status of Salix Consortium's Willow Biomass Program ___________________ 25 T. A. Volk, L. P. Abrahamson, and E.H. White The Swedish Case: A Commercial Introduction of Short-Rotation Coppice on a Large Scale - Experience and Conclusions______________________________________ 35 G. Melin Practical Experiences with the Flevo Project in the Netherlands ________________ 41 L. Kuiper Willow Biomass Production in Southern Quebec: Potential, Problems and Future Perspectives_________________________________________________________ 45 M. Labrecque, T.I. Teodorescu and V. Vujanovic TECHNICAL SESSION: MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS OF SRWC ______ 55 Future Market Scenarios for Pulpwood Supply from Agricultural Short-Rotation Woody Crops _______________________________________________________ 57 A.N. Moiseyev, D.G. de la Torre Ugarte, P.J. Ince Regional Economic Costs of Short Rotation Woody Crop Production ___________ 69 M. Downing, C. van Oosten, and D. Robison The Economics of Agroforestry in Saskatchewan ___________________________ 71 R.N. Lindenbach-Gibson Poplar Silviculture: Converting from Pulp Logs to Saw Logs __________________ 81 J.A. Eaton Minnesota Wood Energy Scale-Up Project: Hybrid Poplar Research on CRP Lands an RC&D Project Providing Multiple Benefits to the State of Minnesota ___________ 89 D.A. Schmidt, A.K. Shogren, and M. Downing Delimbing Hybrid Poplar Prior to Processing with a Flail/Chipper______________ 97 B.R. Hartsough, R. Spinelli, and S.J. Pottle Third Conference, October 10-13, 2000, Syracuse, NY, USA. v Planting and Harvesting Willows: A New York State Experience______________ 107 D.J. Aneshansley and R.A. Pellerin Herbicide Screening Trial for Willow Biomass Crops: Applied at Pre-Emergence and Post-Emergence ____________________________________________________ 109 J. Wagner, C.A. Nowak, and L.P. Abrahamson Rust (Melampsora epitea var. epitea) on Short-Rotation Coppice (SRC) Willow _ 111 A.R. McCracken and W.M. Dawson Yield Responses of Growing Inter- and Intra-Species Mixtures of Willow in Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) ______________________________________________ 121 A.R. McCracken and W.M. Dawson TECHNICAL SESSION: USES FOR SRWC ______________________________ 127 Establishing Willow, Poplar and Other Vegetation on a Brownfield Site in Utica, New York _____________________________________________________________ 129 S.J. Jackson and C.A. Nowak Phytoremediation of TCE in a Shallow Alluvial Aquifer — A Field Demonstration __________________________________________________________________ 131 G.J. Harvey Percolation Reduction Using Short Rotation Woody Crops: Case Study – Schenectady, NY________________________________________________________________133 D.M. McMillan, D.J. Hughes, B.E. Weesner and R.A. Wilcox TECHNICAL SESSION: SUSTAINABILITY OF SRWC ____________________ 135 Birds Breeding in Short-Rotation Woody Crops in Upstate New York: 1998-2000 __________________________________________________________________ 137 A.A. Dhondt and K.V. Sydenstricker Sustainability of High Intensity Forest Management with Respect to Water Quality and Site Nutrient Reserves________________________________________________ 143 V.R. Tolbert, C.C. Trettin, D.W. Johnson, J.W. Parsons, A.E. Houston, D.A. Mays Soil Carbon Pool in a Short-Rotation Willow (Salix dasyclados) Plantation Four Years After Establishment _________________________________________________ 153 F. Ulzen-Appiah, R.D. Briggs, L.P. Abrahamson and D.H Bickelhaupt POSTER PRESENTATIONS ___________________________________________ 155 The Development of a Small Scale Combined Heat and Power Plant Using Down Draft Gasification ___________________________________________________ 157 W.M. Dawson and J. Gilliland vi Proceedings of the Short-Rotation Woody Crops Operations Working Group Variety Mixing and Planting Density Effects on Herbivory by the Blue Willow Beetle Phratora vulgatissima (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) ________________________

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