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Biological Synopsis of the Asian Shore Crab, Hemigrapsus Sanguineus

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Biological Synopsis of the Asian Shore Crab, Hemigrapsus Sanguineus Biological Synopsis of the Asian Shore Crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus Greg Klassen Fisheries and Oceans Canada Centre of Expertise for Aquatic Risk Assessment PO Box 5050, 867 Lakeshore Rd. Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6 2012 Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2978 Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Manuscript reports contain scientific and technical information that contributes to existing knowledge but which deals with national or regional problems. Distribution is restricted to institutions or individuals located in particular regions of Canada. However, no restriction is placed on subject matter, and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, namely, fisheries and aquatic sciences. Manuscript reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report is abstracted in the data base Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. Manuscript reports are produced regionally but are numbered nationally. Requests for individual reports will be filled by the issuing establishment listed on the front cover and title page. Numbers 1-900 in this series were issued as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Biological Board of Canada, and subsequent to 1937 when the name of the Board was changed by Act of Parliament, as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Numbers 901-1425 were issued as Manuscript Reports of the Fisheries Board of Canada. Numbers 1426 -1550 were issued as Department of Fisheries and the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service Manuscript Reports. The current series name was changed with report number 1551. Rapport manuscrit canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Les rapports manuscrits contiennent des renseignements scientifiques et techniques qui constituent une contribution aux connaissances actuelles, mais qui traitent de problèmes nationaux ou régionaux. La distribution en est limitée aux organismes et aux personnes de régions particulières du Canada. II n'y a aucune restriction quant au sujet; de fait, la série reflète la vaste gamme des intérêts et des politiques de Pêches et Océans Canada, c'est-à-dire les sciences halieutiques et aquatiques. Les rapports manuscrits peuvent être cités comme des publications à part entière. Le titre exact figure au-dessus du résumé de chaque rapport. Les rapports manuscrits sont résumés dans la base de données Résumés des sciences aquatiques et halieutiques. Les rapports manuscrits sont produits à l'échelon régional, mais numérotés à l'échelon national. Les demandes de rapports seront satisfaites par l'établissement auteur dont le nom figure sur la couverture et la page du titre. Les numéros 1 à 900 de cette série ont été publiés à titre de Manuscrits (série biologique) de l'Office de biologie du Canada, et après le changement de la désignation de cet organisme par décret du Parlement, en 1937, ont été classés comme Manuscrits (série biologique) de l'Office des recherches sur les pêcheries du Canada. Les numéros 901 à 1425 ont été publiés à titre de Rapports manuscrits de l'Office des recherches sur les pêcheries du Canada. Les numéros 1426 à 1550 sont parus à titre de Rapports manuscrits du Service des pêches et de la mer, ministère des Pêches et de l'Environnement. Le nom actuel de la série a été établi lors de la parution du numéro 1551. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2978 2012 BIOLOGICAL SYNOPSIS OF THE ASIAN SHORE CRAB, HEMIGRAPSUS SANGUINEUS by G. Klassen1 Fisheries and Oceans Canada Centre of Expertise for Aquatic Risk Assessment PO Box 5050, 867 Lakeshore Rd. Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6 1Tau Biodiversity 49 Parkindale Rd. Pollett River, New Brunswick E4Z 3A7 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2012. Cat. No. Fs 97-4/2978E ISSN 0706-6473 (print version) Cat. No. Fs 97-4/2978E-PDF ISSN 1488-5387 (online version) Correct citation for this publication: Klassen, G. 2012. A biological synopsis of the Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2978: v + 43 p. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................iv LIST OF FIGURES ..........................................................................................................iv ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... v 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 NAME AND CLASSIFICATION ...................................................................... 1 1.2 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................... 1 1.3 GENETICS ..................................................................................................... 2 2 DISTRIBUTION ........................................................................................................ 3 2.1 NATIVE DISTRIBUTION ................................................................................ 3 2.2 NON-NATIVE DISTRIBUTION ....................................................................... 3 2.2.1 NORTH AMERICA ............................................................................... 3 2.2.2 EUROPE .............................................................................................. 3 2.3 DISTRIBUTION IN CANADA .......................................................................... 6 2.4 MODES OF INVASION .................................................................................. 6 3 BIOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY ...................................................................... 7 3.1 LIFE HISTORY ............................................................................................... 7 3.2 LARVAL DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................. 8 3.3 AGE AND POST-SETTLEMENT GROWTH .................................................. 9 3.4 HABITAT ...................................................................................................... 11 3.5 PHYSIOLOGICAL TOLERANCES ............................................................... 13 3.5.1 TEMPERATURE ................................................................................ 13 3.5.2 SALINITY ........................................................................................... 15 3.5.3 OXYGEN ........................................................................................... 16 3.5.4 TOXICOLOGY ................................................................................... 16 3.6 BEHAVIOUR ................................................................................................ 16 3.6.1 SETTLEMENT AND METAMORPHOSIS .......................................... 16 3.6.2 SITE FIDELITY .................................................................................. 17 3.6.3 COMPETITION .................................................................................. 17 3.6.4 OTHER .............................................................................................. 23 3.7 DIET AND FEEDING .................................................................................... 23 3.8 PARASITES ................................................................................................. 28 3.9 EPIBIONTS .................................................................................................. 29 3.10 PREDATION ON ASIAN SHORE CRAB ...................................................... 30 4 DISPERSAL CAPABILITIES .................................................................................. 31 4.1 NATURAL DISPERSAL................................................................................ 31 4.2 ANTHROPOGENIC DISPERSAL ................................................................. 31 4.3 POPULATION GROWTH AND ABUNDANCE ............................................. 32 iii 5 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 33 6 REFERENCES....................................................................................................... 34 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Partial list of introduced populations of Asian shore crab in the United States of America, ordered from north to south, showing year of first observation ........... 4 Table 2. Published records of Asian shore crab in Europe, including year of first observation ........................................................................................................ 5 Table 3. Mean percentage survival of Hemigrapsus sanguineus (and mean duration of development, in days) from hatching to the megalopa stage at different combinations of temperature and salinity. ......................................................... 9 Table 4. Population densities of Asian shore crab in native range ................................ 32 Table 5. Population abundances of Asian shore crab in introduced range.................... 32 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Adult male Hemigrapsus sanguineus ............................................................... 2 Figure 2. Worldwide distribution of Asian shore crab ...................................................... 4 iv ABSTRACT Klassen, G. 2012. A biological synopsis of the Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus. Can. Manuscr.
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