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What Is HTML?

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What Is HTML? What is HTML? All web pages on the Internet are created using a language called Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML ). It is a basic programming language for building web pages and uses a set of predefined tags that the web browser then interprets and renders/displays. Indeed, it tells your browser how the page you are viewing should be displayed, what it contains, and where the images and words should go. HTML describes: • what information appears on a webpage • how it appears on the page (formatting) • any links to other pages or sites HTML is typically written (or generated) in two ways: 1. using a plain text editor , e.g Notepad, Notepad++, TextPad, etc. 2. using a What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG – “wizzie wig”) editor, e.g. Dreamweaver, iWeb, Adobe GoLive, FrontPage, SeaMonkey Composer, etc. Plain text editor An editor like Notepad offers greater control over the code when compared to a WYSIWYG editor because each and every character that forms the HTML and the resulting web page is hand typed. The disadvantage is that it is a slow process. WYSIWYG editor With this type of program, you simply 'drag and drop' the elements you want onto the page, and the code is written behind the scenes by the software. The web page is designed, and the content written and styled, using a series of tools. The page can be previewed in the default browser from within the application . This makes building a web page much faster because only a limited knowledge of HTML is needed as it is automatically generated. However, the code can still be edited by hand. HTML Tags HTML uses what are known as tags to format text and images so that a web browser will display the page correctly. HTML tags are element names surrounded by angle brackets: • HTML tags normally come in pairs like <p> and </p> • The first tag in a pair is the start tag , the second tag is the end tag • The end tag is written like the start tag, but with a forward slash inserted before the tag name. The start tag is also called the opening tag , and the end tag the closing tag . Over the years there have been several versions of HTML. Each successive version has more tags, allowing the programmer to build more advanced webpages. The latest version, released in 2012, is HTML5. HTML can be used to create: • paragraphs • bulleted and numbered lists • headings • hyperlinks Hyperlinks can be created to move you between different places on the page, different pages or different websites altogether. They can be used around words or images. HTML code is usually divided into two parts, the head and the body . The code that goes into the head section gives the browser information about the web page, such as the page title. It is not used in the part of the page that you would actually see when you view it in a browser. Other information that can go in the 'head' section are key words and a description of the page. Both of these are used by search engines to help people find exactly what they are looking for. So they are really important if you want people to be able to find your page. This type of information is called meta data . Inside the body area of the HTML is all the code that forms the web page that you would see. This includes text, images and links to other pages. Within the body area, you can format your text and images, use tables, lists and even include multimedia elements such as animations or video. Many of the tags that you would use in creating a web page need to be 'closed'. For example, if you wanted to create a new paragraph, you would 'open' the paragraph with the <p> tag. At the end of the paragraph you would then need to 'close' it again, using the closing paragraph tag </p>. ACTIVITIES Answer the following questions. 1. What does HTML mean? 2. What can it be used for? 3. How can you write HTML? 4. What are WYSIWYG programs? 5. What are tags? 6. What are the “head” and the “body” areas of the HTML and what do they include? Fill in the table. Word Phonetic script Meaning publish code heading hyperlink source section TO SUM UP … HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages. • HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language • HTML describes the structure of Web pages using markup • HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages • HTML elements are represented by tags • HTML tags label pieces of content such as "heading", "paragraph", "table", and so on • Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to render the content of the page .
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