Formal Semantics and Logic Bas C. van Fraassen Copyright c 1971, Bas C. van Fraassen Originally published by The Macmillan Company, New York This eBook was published by Nousoul Digital Publishers. Its formatting is optimized for eReaders and other electronic reading devices. For information, the publisher may be con- tacted by email at:
[email protected] 2 To my parents 3 Preface to the .PDF Edition With a view to the increasing academic importance of digital media this electronic edition was created by Nousoul Digital Publishers. Thanks to the diligent work and expertise of Brandon P. Hopkins this edition has fea- tures that no book could have in the year of its original publication: searchable text and hyperlinked notes. The text itself remains essentially unchanged, but in addition to typographical corrections there are also some substantive corrections. Apart from the change in the solution to exercise 5.4 of Chapter 3, none comprise more than a few words or symbols. However, as different as digital media are from print media, so too is digital for- matting different from print formatting. Thus there are significant formatting differences from the earlier edition. The font and page dimensions differ, as well as the page numbering, which is made to accord with the pagina- tion automatically assigned to multi-paged documents by most standard document-readers. Bas van Fraassen 2016 4 Contents Preface (1971)9 Introduction: Aim and Structure of Logical Theory 12 1 Mathematical Preliminaries 19 1.1 Intuitive Logic and Set Theory....... 19 1.2 Mathematical Structures.......... 23 1.3 Partial Order and Trees.........