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Jenis - Jenis Lumut Hati Famili Lepidoziaceae Di Hutan Alam Aek Nauli Parapat Kabupaten Simalungun Sumatera Utara

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Jenis - Jenis Lumut Hati Famili Lepidoziaceae Di Hutan Alam Aek Nauli Parapat Kabupaten Simalungun Sumatera Utara JENIS - JENIS LUMUT HATI FAMILI LEPIDOZIACEAE DI HUTAN ALAM AEK NAULI PARAPAT KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN SUMATERA UTARA SKRIPSI IVANA GOKMAIDA NABABAN 130805068 PROGRAM STUDI BIOLOGI FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA JENIS - JENIS LUMUT HATI FAMILI LEPIDOZIACEAE DI HUTAN ALAM AEK NAULI PARAPAT KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN SUMATERA UTARA SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk melengkapi tugas dan memenuhi syarat mencapai gelar Sarjana Sains IVANA GOKMAIDA NABABAN 130805068 PROGRAM STUDI BIOLOGI FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS JENIS - JENIS LUMUT HATI FAMILI LEPIDOZIACEAE DI HUTAN ALAM AEK NAULI PARAPAT KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN SUMATERA UTARA SKRIPSI Saya menyatakan bahwa skripsi ini adalah hasil karya sendiri, kecuali beberapa kutipan dan ringkasan yang masing-masing disebutkan sumbernya. Medan, Januari 2018 Ivana Gokmaida Nababan 130805068 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI Judul : Jenis - Jenis Lumut Hati Famili Lepidoziaceae Di Hutan Alam Aek Nauli Parapat Kabupaten Simalungun Sumatera Utara Kategori : Skripsi Nama : Ivana Gokmaida Nababan Nomor Induk Mahasiswa : 130805068 Program Studi : Sarjana S-1 Biologi Fakultas : MIPA - Universitas Sumatera Utara Disetujui di Medan, Januari 2018 Ketua Program Studi Pembimbing, Dr. Saleha Hannum, S.Si., M.Si. Dr. Etti Sartina Siregar, M.Si. NIP. 197108312000122001 NIP. 197211211998022001 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA JENIS - JENIS LUMUT HATI FAMILI LEPIDOZIACEAE DI HUTAN ALAM AEK NAULI PARAPAT KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Data dan informasi mengenai keanekaragaman Lepidoziaceae di Sumatera khususnya Sumatera Utara masih sedikit dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi dan mendeskripsi karakter morfologi atau adanya rekaman baru untuk Sumatera dari lumut hati famili Lepidoziaceae di Hutan Alam Aek Nauli Parapat, Kabupaten Simalungun, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2016 sampai bulan September 2017. Pengkoleksian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode survei eksploratif yaitu dengan penjelajahan di sepanjang jalur di lokasi penelitian. Ditemukan 17 jenis lumut hati famili Lepidoziaceae yang termasuk ke dalam 2 marga yaitu: Bazzania (15 jenis) dan Lepidozia (2 jenis) dan pada penelitian ini tidak ditemukan jenis rekaman baru dari famili Lepidoziaceae untuk Sumatera. Semua jenis lumut hati famili Lepidoziaceae yang ditemukan tumbuh sebagai epifit pada batang pohon dan sebagian pada kayu lapuk, kayu mati, batu dan tanah. Jenis yang paling banyak ditemukan di lokasi penelitian yaitu Bazzania tridens, sedangkan jenis yang paling sedikit ditemukan yaitu Bazzania japonica, Bazzania longicaulis, Bazzania paradoxa dan Bazzania spiralis. Kata kunci : Hutan Alam Aek Nauli, Lepidoziaceae, Lumut Hati, Sumatera Utara UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA SPECIES OF LIVERWORTS FROM LEPIDOZIACEAE FAMILY IN AEK NAULI PARAPAT NATURAL FORESTS, REGENCY OF SIMALUNGUN,NORTH SUMATERA ABSTRACT Data and information on diversity of Sumatran Lepidoziaceae, especially North Sumatera, are still limited. The aim of this study were to invent and describe the morphological characters or a new record for Sumatra of liverwort from Lepidoziaceae in Aek Nauli Parapat Natural Forests, regency of Simalungun, North Sumatera. The study was conducted in November 2016 until September 2017. Samples were collected by using explorative survey method that is by exploration along the hiking trails within study site. The results found 17 species of liverwort from Lepidoziaceae included in 2 genera: Bazzania (15 species) and Lepidozia (2 species) and in this study is not found a new record species for Sumatra from Lepidoziaceae. All species liverwort from Lepidoziaceae were found as epiphyte on the tree trunk, and some species on the decaying wood, dead wood, rocks and soil. The most species found in the study sites was Bazzania tridens while the least found species were Bazzania japonica, Bazzania longicaulis, Bazzania paradoxa and Bazzania spiralis. Keywords: Lepidoziaceae, Liverworts, Natural Forest of Aek Nauli, North Sumatera UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PENGHARGAAN Puji dan syukur Penulis panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas berkat, kasih, dan karunia-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan skripsi ini dengan judul “Jenis-Jenis Lumut Hati Famili Lepidoziaceae di Hutan Alam Aek Nauli Parapat Kabupaten Simalungun Sumatera Utara”. Pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terimakasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada kedua orangtua tercinta Ayahanda Anggiat Nababan dan Ibunda Renta Evi Siahaan serta adik Angel, Yesika, dan Joy Nababan atas segala doa, dukungan, perhatian serta kasih sayang yang telah diberikan. Terimakasih juga penulis ucapkan kepada semua keluarga yang telah memberikan motivasi dan semangat bagi penulis untuk segera menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terimakasih yang sebesar- besarnya kepada Ibu Dr. Etti Sartina Siregar, M.Si selaku Dosen Pembimbing I dan ibu Dr. Nursahara Pasaribu, M.Sc selaku dosen pembimbing II, yang telah banyak memberikan dorongan, bimbingan, arahan, waktu serta perhatian terutama saat Penulis memulai penulisan hingga skripsi selesai. Terimakasih juga penulis sampaikan kepada Bapak Dr. T. Alief Aththorick, M.Si selaku dosen penguji I dan Bapak Drs. Arlen H. J., M.Si selaku dosen penguji II yang telah banyak memberikan masukan kepada penulis. Terimakasih kepada Ibu Dr. Saleha Hannum, M.Si selaku Ketua Program Studi Biologi FMIPA USU dan Bapak Riyanto Sinaga, S.Si., M.Si selaku Sekretaris Departemen Biologi FMIPA USU dan Dosen Penasehat Akademik. Tidak lupa penulis ucapkan terimakasih kepada seluruh dosen yang telah banyak memberikan ilmu kepada penulis. Kepada seluruh staf pegawai atas segala bantuan yang diberikan. Ucapan terimakasih juga disampaikan kepada seluruh staf KHDTK Aek Nauli Parapat dan tim penelitian Aek Nauli yang telah membantu penulis selama penelitian di lokasi penelitian. Ucapan terimakasih kepada teman bidang Ekologi dan Taksonomi Tumbuhan Biologi USU, Kak Zia dan Kak Mesra, sahabat Liverworts (Fina, Tia, Khairani, Fitri, Maya), adik Bo’ole (Bagus, Muha, Rince, Aisyah, dan adik asuh (Yuli dan Fuji). UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Terimakasih kepada seluruh teman-teman stambuk 2013 (13iosfer), adik-adik tercinta 2014, adek asuh 2015 dan 2016 yang ada dalam suka dan duka penulis selama masa perkuliahan. Terimakasih juga penulis ucapkan kepada Adetia Arjuna Girsang yang selalu setia menemani dan mendukung penulis selama perkuliahan dan penulisan skripsi. Penulis menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa dalam pembuatan skripsi ini masih banyak kekurangan. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun demi kesempurnaan skripsi ini. Medan, Januari 2018 Ivana Gokmaida Nababan UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR ISI Halaman PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI i ABSTRAK ii ABSTRACT iii PENGHARGAAN iv DAFTAR ISI vi DAFTAR GAMBAR vii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN viii BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang 1 1.2 Permasalahan 2 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian 3 1.4 Manfaat 3 BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Morfologi Lepidoziaceae 4 2.2 Ekologi Lumut Hati Lepidoziaceae 5 2.3 Manfaat Lumut 6 BAB 3 METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian 8 3.2 Deskripsi Area 8 3.3 Metode Penelitian 9 3.4 Pelaksanaan Penelitian 3.4.1 Di Lapangan 9 3.4.2 Di Laboratorium 10 a. Pembuatan Spesimen herbarium 10 b. Pengamatan Morfologi 10 c. Analisis Data 11 BAB 4 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Jenis-Jenis Lumut Hati Famili Lepidoziaceae 12 4.2 Kunci Identifikasi Lumut Hati Famili Lepidoziaceae 15 4.3 Deskripsi Jenis Lumut Hati Famili Lepidoziaceae di 17 Hutan Alam Aek Nauli Parapat BAB 5 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Kesimpulan 34 5.2 Saran 34 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 35 LAMPIRAN 38 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR GAMBAR Nomor Judul Halaman Gambar 3.1 Bazzania denudata 10 4.1 Bazzania calcarata 15 4.2 Bazzania caudistipula 16 4.3 Bazzania densa 17 4.4 Bazzania erosa 18 4.5 Bazzania francana 19 4.6 Bazzania indica 20 4.7 Bazzania japonica 21 4.8 Bazzania longicaulis 22 4.9 Bazzania loricata 23 4.10 Bazzania paradoxa 24 4.11 Bazzania praerupta 25 4.12 Bazzania spiralis 26 4.13 Bazzania tridens 27 4.14 Bazzania vittata 28 4.15 Bazzania sp. 29 4.16 Lepidozia hasskarliana 30 4.17 Lepidozia trichodes 31 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Nomor Judul Halaman Lampiran 1. Peta Lokasi Penelitian 38 2. Data Faktor Fisik Kimia 39 3. Foto Pelaksanaan Penelitian 40 4. Hasil Identifikasi Spesimen 41 5. Daftar Istilah 43 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Kawasan hutan Indonesia umumnya merupakan hutan hujan tropis yang terkenal dengan keanekaragaman flora yang tinggi termasuk di dalamnya lumut (Hasan dan Ariyanti, 2004). Menurut Chapman (2009), lumut (Bryophyte) terdiri dari sekitar 17.100 jenis yang tersebar di seluruh dunia. Lumut ditemukan terutama di area yang sedikit cahaya dan lembab, tumbuh pada pohon, batu, kayu lapuk dan di tanah. Lumut merupakan tumbuhan tidak berpembuluh yang tidak mempunyai akar, batang, dan daun sejati. Struktur yang menyerupai akar (rhizoid) yang dimiliki lumut berguna sebagai alat untuk melekat pada substrat (Jacome et al., 2002). Lumut secara sistematika dibagi ke dalam tiga kelompok, yaitu lumut tanduk (Anthocerotophyta), lumut hati (Marchantiophyta), dan lumut sejati (Bryophyta) (Glime, 2013). Struktur tubuh lumut hati ada 2 macam bentuk, yaitu memiliki daun dan memiliki talus. Kelompok yang memiliki daun disebut lumut hati berdaun, sedangkan kelompok dengan
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