DIRECTORATE FOR QUALITY AND STANDARDS IN EDUCATION Department of Curriculum Management Educational Assessment Unit Annual Examinations for Secondary Schools 2017 YEAR 11 HISTORY (OPTION) MARKING SCHEME MALTESE HISTORY SECTION 1.2 Examples of possible answers: many allied ships entered Grand Harbour for (1) repair; this resulted in many jobs and a reduction in unemployment. 1.3 Examples of possible answers: resulted in scarcities of basic commodities; (1) resulted in a sharp increase in the price of wheat/bread. 1.4 Examples of possible answers: Malta suffered its first air raids by the Italian air (1) force; Malta entered the war on the allied side. 1.5 Examples of possible answers: Dom Mintoff became Prime Minister of Malta; (1) there was a revision of the Defence and Financial Agreement of 1964. 1.6 Examples of possible answers: Malta was declared a neutral and non-aligned state; (1) warships of foreign nations were no longer permitted to enter Malta’s harbours. 1.7 Examples of possible answers: the Maltese voted to become members of the EU; (1) Prime Minister Fenech Adami announced a general election for April 2003. (Total: 6 marks) 2.1 Woods came to Malta to estimate the cost of war damage. (1) 2.2 War damage means the estimated cost of buildings destroyed in Malta by the (1) enemy bombings during World War II. 2.3 Accept any three from the following examples: grants to repair damage to (3) government buildings; to improve public utility services; to extend the water supply; for town improvements; for Workman’s Compensation Fund. 2.4 Because the amount of work and expenses involved had to be spread on a (2) considerable number of years. 2.5 A food subsidy is when the government pays for a share of the price of a certain (2) commodity (e.g. bread) to keep its price low for the consumers. 2.6 Accept any three from the following examples or any other valid answer: shortages in housing due to the war bombings; discharges from the dockyard; the need to open mass emigration to ease the problem of a rising unemployment; a (3) revival in political activity following Britain’s intention to grant Malta a new constitution. (Total: 12 marks) 3.1 Source B (1) 3.2 Source C (1) 3.3 George Borg Olivier (1) 3.4 Eddie Fenech Adami (1) 3.5 financial protocols (1) 3.6 Malta’s membership in the European Union (1) History (Option) – Marking Scheme – Year 11 – Secondary – 2017 Page 1 of 4 3.7 Accept any three from the following arguments or any other valid answer: (3) It would be a great disadvantage for Malta to remain outside when most European countries were seeking to join the EU. Malta would be entrenched in a democratic Europe where respect for human rights would have to be respected by all future Maltese Governments. Malta would have a greater share in debates and decisions taken at the European level. This would enhance Malta’s collective sovereignty within a united Europe. Being a member, Malta could still follow a neutral foreign policy as other neutral members like Ireland, Sweden and Austria. Maltese citizens will gain European citizenship and enjoy the same rights and duties of EU citizens. By reducing import controls, the local manufacturing industry would become more efficient. This policy was imposed in the 1970s and 1980s in the form of import substitution to boost Malta-made goods. Malta would be able to increase its export to the EU’s single market and the quota system would be abolished. Farmers would receive financial assistance to modernise their farms for local products. VAT would reduce custom duties and thus reduce better quality goods from the EU. VAT, being a tax on consumption, would increase Government revenue on the principle of ‘who consumes more contributes more’. Malta would be entitled to EU funds that would help improve the infrastructure and the environment. 3.8 Accept any three from the following arguments or any other valid answer: (3) There were countries that refused membership, such as Norway and Iceland, and Malta could do the same. Malta’s democracy has survived since Independence and thus there was no need to join the EU in this regard. Malta’s influence in the EU would be next to nil in a union dominated by the larger European states. Malta would have to change most of its laws to adopt EU ones, rendering Malta’s sovereignty as an independent state. With membership, Malta will lose its neutrality as entrenched in the Constitution. Acquiring European citizenship was not in itself a strong reason for joining the EU. Abolishing the system of import duties would result in less revenue for the Government. Maltese consumers would start buying foreign goods, resulting in greater unemployment. Malta’s fragile and small market was not yet prepared to compete the vast European single market. Local farmers would have to compete with better-organised European farmers. With VAT, there would be a price increase in most goods and services that previously were not taxed. Malta would be invaded by foreigners, namely Sicilians creating problems such as unemployment and higher prices in property. (Total: 12 marks) Page 2 of 4 History (Option) – Marking Scheme – Year 11 – Secondary – 2017 4 Candidates should show knowledge of historical facts and concepts. They should (20) be able to interpret facts in relation to the question and show a sense of empathy. They should also demonstrate good constructive and analytical skills. Whilst correct use of language is expected, spelling mistakes are not to be penalised. 4.1 Students should include in their writing: During WW1, Malta was used as a naval and military base by the Allies. The dockyard played an important role in ship repair and assembling of seaplanes. A number of Maltese volunteered in the Gallipoli Campaign. Malta was used as a hospital for thousands of sick and injured Allied soldiers. After the war, the Maltese experience months of poverty, scarcities of necessities, high prices, lack or work and political unrest which culminated in the Sette Giugno riots. 4.2 Students should include in their writing: Under Dom Mintoff’s government, diplomatic and economic ties were established with Third World countries, Arab states, China and Eastern European states with the aim of reducing Malta’s dependence on the West. Malta joined the Non- Aligned Movement to acquire the financial and diplomatic support of non-aligned states in its bid to establish Malta as a neutral state. Under Eddie Fenech Adami’s government, Malta officially applied to become a member of the EEC. This application was followed by years of negotiations and eventually was sealed by the EU Referendum of 2003. (Total: 20 marks) EUROPEAN HISTORY SECTION 5.2 Examples of possible answers: rivalry between the US and the USSR; the (1) beginning of the Cold War; disagreements on the future of Germany after the war. 5.3 Examples of possible answers: Berlin was divided into two separate zones; Berlin became the symbol of a divided Europe; many East Germans lost their life when (1) trying to escape to West Berlin. 5.4 Examples of possible answers: Solidarity soon turned into a movement of mass protest against the Communist regime in Poland; the Polish Communist (1) government tried to suppress the movement by imprisoning its leaders; it showed the first cracks in the Soviet control over Eastern Europe. 5.5 Examples of possible answers: citizens of East Berlin started crossing freely to West Berlin; East Germany ceased to be an independent state; East Germany (1) was reunited with West Germany; it marked the end of the Cold War in Europe. 5.6 Examples of possible answers: the establishment of the state of Israel; the outbreak of the first Arab-Israeli War of 1948; the assassination of Count (1) Bernardotte, Secretary General of the UN. 5.7 Examples of possible answers: terrorism became an international concern; the US declared war on international terrorism; Al-Qaeda became the most prominent (1) terrorist organiSation; Bin Laden became the most wanted person in recent history. (Total: 6 marks) 6.1 John F. Kennedy, President of the United States (2) 6.2 The source is primary because it is part of a speech broadcasted by Kennedy to (2) the American people. 6.3 Fidel Castro (1) 6.4 During the Hungarian Uprising of 1956. (1) History (Option) – Marking Scheme – Year 11 – Secondary – 2017 Page 3 of 4 6.5 In 1956 the Hungarians chose Imre Nagy as their Prime Minister. Nagy started a (3) series of economic and political reforms which were intended to make Hungary less dependent on the Soviet Union. This provoked the USSR to invade Hungary and restore Soviet control. Nagy was arrested and executed, his reforms were annulled and a Soviet client government was set up in Hungary. 6.6 Here the author is referring to the long struggle between the powers that upheld (2) democracy (i.e. liberty) and the powers that upheld communism (i.e. tyranny). 6.7 Because in 1961 the Soviet Government tried to install nuclear missiles on that (1) island as a threat to the United States. (Total: 12 marks) 7.1 European Coal and Steel Community (2) 7.2 It was designed to integrate the coal and steel industries in Western Europe. (2) 7.3 Accept any two: France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, (2) Luxembourg. 7.4 Treaty of Rome (1) 7.5 Accept any three: Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West (3) Germany. 7.6 Accept any two from the following answers: EEC changed to EU; a decision was (2) taken to work towards the creation of a common European currency, known as ECU at the time; a schedule was established to accept new members since many states in Eastern Europe showed interest in joining the EU; it created the pillar structure of the EU (movement of goods, capital and services).