FEATURED / À LA UNE Interview with Her Excellency Suraya Dalil

Ambassador Suraya Dalil1 is a physician by training and earned a Master’s Degree in Public Health from the Harvard School of Public Health. © UNITAR – SDP © UNITAR Ambassador Suraya Dalil with UN Special Editor-in-Chief Alex Mejia.

SEBASTIAN HOFBAUER against corruption, accountability, trans- A few years ago, when I was minister, Before working with the Afghan Gov- parency or even climate change. a mother told me that since they had ernment, Ambassador Dalil worked with water at home, her daughter didn’t need UNICEF in , and In Afghanistan, women used to be largely to go and fetch water, which took several Nairobi and also with the International discriminated against during the hours every day. Thanks to this improve- Organisation for Migration (IOM) and Med- time. Today, they are still affected by many ment, she now has enough time to go to icines Sans Frontiers (MSF) in Afghanistan. challenges, such as the conflict situation school. So various improvements in life, Between 2011 and 2014, she was first act- or the social-economic constraints, includ- in terms of access to water, to electricity ing Minister and then Minister of Public ing poverty. But what I am hopeful for is and food security, can all be important Health in Afghanistan. For almost 2 and a the young women, girls - and also boys predeterminants of decisions that a family half years, she has been the Ambassador of - who see things differently. They ask will make about girls’ enrolment, about Afghanistan to Switzerland and Permanent questions in a way that very few people their retention in school, and even early Representative to the UN and International have asked before. I also see that they marriages. organisation based in Geneva. are very enthusiastic for positive change, and that they want to have a voice in Today, unfortunately, we witness an urban- UN Special Editor-in-chief Alex Mejia sat decision making. rural divide in Afghanistan. Can you tell us down with Ambassador Suraya Dalil to what will happen to places, especially in speak about gender advancement, Afghan- Afghanistan’s women and girls have made rural areas, where the government cannot istan’s path towards peace and her expec- a lot of advancements in the last few years. fully provide its services to citizens? tations of the . Around 40 % of enrolment in the primary First of all, the Taliban have demonstrated schools are girls and 27 % of seats in the their inability to keep control of a place that Ambassador Dalil, along your career you have parliament occupied by women, which they capture. There are places which are been very active on gender advancement: is a quite impressive number given the controlled sometimes by the Government how do you see, both globally and region, but even worldwide. We have three and sometimes by the Taliban. The Gov- specifically in Afghanistan, the challenges female cabinet members and four female ernment is trying to reach out with services and opportunities of gender advancement? Ambassadors, including myself. It is also to the entire population but, unfortunately, Gender equality is an important issue for important to say that women are now very the urban-rural divide exists in the country. many of us, and we need to act in many open to explore new fields like IT, entrepre- We have a Ministry of Rural Development areas such as social policies, education, neurship, engineering, security and police, that, with support from donor agencies health care, governance and security, con- and they do not stick to being teachers or and international development partners, flict resolution and prevention, the fight nurses as they did until the 1980’s. is working to reduce this.

8 | UN Special – Avril 2018 Specifically, the government developed It’s also important for the entire region, to reduce, or to gradually end, the need the Citizens’ Charter last year. It aims to our neighbouring countries, to understand for foreign aid. improve the delivery of core infrastructure that peace in Afghanistan is also for their and social services to participating com- own benefit. Because time and again it has How is that possible to do? It’s possible munities through strengthened Commu- been proven that they cannot be in peace through system development and institu- nity Development Councils. The Citizens’ and prosperity in the long term if their tional development. However, usually the Charter was an important step to reducing neighbour is not in peace. This is a lesson United Nation’s time and patience is not the gap and to increasing attention and that, I think, humanity should have learned. enduring to do that, because the organ- investment into the rural population. isation is usually working on short-term How do you see the role of the United projects and then there is also staff turn- When I was a child, in my history books, Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan over. Really, I would like the UN to do less I read that Afghanistan is the heart of Asia (UNAMA) and the United Nations things and do them with more efficiency and it was the transit point for the silk organisation, as a whole, in the future? and more output and impact. Q road. We want to revitalize that heritage I am reminded of an important statement: because we believe that, when countries “The purpose of foreign aid is to end the 1 Ambassador of Afghanistan to Switzerland and Permanent Representative to the UN and are trading, they don’t fight. We have need for its existence.” The United Nations International organisation based in Geneva regionally cooperation conferences in should help the Government in Afghanistan Afghanistan called RECCA (Regional Eco- nomic Cooperation for Afghanistan). There is also the TAPI Pipeline (Turkmenistan- Afghanistan-Pakistan-India) which passes four countries, creating thousands of jobs. Similarly, there is CASA-1000 (Central Asia-South Asia Electricity Transmission and Trade Program), which is a program for electricity transmission between Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. With more connectivity from such projects, we hope that the regions It’s amazing or the countries will have an interest in maintaining the peace. how a few clicks Many people tend to think that military solution is not the ideal solution in can enhance Afghanistan and that a political solution is needed. President Ghani recently invited the Taliban to political dialogues. Does this your trip. offer have a timeframe and what are the next steps? The peace offer that our President put on ResaPark the table last month, on February 28, is a There’s always a parking space remarkable one. And differs from all discus- waiting for you at the airport. sions that took place during the last couple of years is putting bold items on the table. Priority Lane There hasn’t been a signal from the Tali- Don’t waste your time, ban yet but we don’t discard any potential get a priority access to the boarding area. answer from them. They either have to face the battlefield or come to the table. Other Lounge countries have handled this process, in More comfort at the airport, Europe for example, only a few decades ago. more relaxed at destination.

On March 21, we celebrate New Year in Afghanistan, which is the first day of spring. Reservation Unfortunately, spring is also the period www.gva.ch/eservices when conflict is intensified in Afghani- stan, because the good weather enables the insurgency to leave the shelters. So the coming spring will tell us how far the Taliban have considered the peace proposal that President Ghani put on the table.

UN Special – April 2018 | 9