"Lamp Inventors 1880-1940: Carbon Filament Incandescent" [Lamp Inventors 1880-1940: Carbon Filament Incandescent]
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Annotated Bibliography
Secondary Sources
American History. "Lamp Inventors 1880-1940: Carbon Filament Incandescent" [Lamp Inventors 1880-1940: Carbon Filament Incandescent]. Lighting A Revolution. Last modified May 2017. Accessed October 23, 2019. https://americanhistory.si.edu/lighting/bios/swan.htm. This is in the build-up section of our project. Joseph Swan was racing Edison to make the lamp but when the vacuum pumps don't work in his experiments he has to wait until better pumps became available. They have not teamed up yet. Swan wrote a letter to Edison about how he was feeling. This source is a secondary source.
Bellis, Mary. "The History of the Incandescent Light Bulb" [The History of the Incandescent Light Bulb]. The Inventors. Last modified Unlisted. Accessed November 20, 2019. http://theinventors.org/library/inventors/bllight2.htm. This source is all of the sections. This source gave me information that we needed about Humphry Davy, Warren De la Rue, and Edward Shepard. We learned about Willis Whitnew, The General Electric Company, frosted light bulb, Philips. The light bulb's timeline is from 1803 to 1925. This source is a really good source for detailed information. This source got into deep detail with the events of the history of the incandescent light bulb. We loved this source because it gave us great information. This is a secondary source.
Bellis, Mary Unknown. "The Inventors Who Worked on the Light Bulb besides Edison" [Inventors Who Worked on the Light bulb besides Edison]. ThoughtCo. Last modified March 16, 2019. Accessed October 24, 2019. chrome-extension://ecabifbgmdmgdllomnfinbmaellmclnh/data/reader/index.html?id=158 &url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fwho-invented-the-lightbulb-1991698. The section of our project this source is about is before, during, and after the event. We used this source because it gives good information about all the people that participated in the making of the light bulb. It also gives information about what each and every person did that helped the making of the light bulb. Overall, we like this source because it lists all the people that helped in the making of the light bulb and what they did to help. This is a secondary source.
Bellis, Mary Unlisted. Thoughtco. Unlisted ed. Version Unlisted. 2017. Alessandro Volta (1745-1827). Accessed January 27, 2020. https://www.thoughtco.com/alessandro-volta-1992584. This was in the Background of our project. Alessandro Volta invented something that drastically changed history. Not only did it inspire other people to improve the voltaic pile but it also affected the way we live today. Volta designed his first invention, the electrophorus in 1774.This is a secondary source.
Bermudez, Mara. "People images." DelMarfans.com. Last modified Unlisted. Accessed December 13, 2019. https://www.delmarfans.com/educate/basics/who-invented-light-bulbs/. These images are useful for our project. They are all pictures of inventors who are part of the invention of the incandescent light bulb. This is a secondary source. And we will say that this source is useful because we now have images of some of the inventors that helped make the light bulb.
Biography.com. "Thomas Edison" [Thomas Edison]. www.biography.com. Last modified August 27, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2019. https://www.biography.com/inventor/thomas-edison. This is in the Heart section of our project. Many inventors attempted to create a working electrical bulb, unfortunately, many of them failed. Then they decided to join forces, as a result, succeeded with their mission. They also gained some allies while ongoing the mission to invent the first electric bulb. This is a secondary source.
Brown, Don. A Wizard from the Start. None ed. none. New York City, NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2010. This source is a short-term impact. Edison saves a boy and his dad rewards him by teaching him telegraph lessons. Then Edison tries to find out what the world needs and invents that. Edison perfects the light bulb in 1879. This source is useful because it tells how Edison started before he perfected the light bulb. This source is a secondary source.
BulbAmerica.com. "What Would We Do If Light Bulbs Didn't Exist?" [What Would We Do If Light Bulbs Didn't Exist?] BulbAmerica. Last modified July 5, 2013. Accessed October 24, 2019. https://www.bulbamerica.com/blogs/news/16030316-what-would-we-do-if-light-bulbs-di dnt-exist. This source is in the section of long-term impact. The light bulb is one of the most essential inventions. There are many activities you can not do at night. When you think about it light bulbs bring people together by lighting up a football game so we can see it and families can decorate around Christmas time. This source is a secondary source.
Casting, Modern. "Would Thomas Edison invented the incandescent light bulb?" GALE POWER SEARCH. Last modified May 1, 2017. Accessed October 24, 2019. https://go.gale.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T003&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&search ResultsType=SingleTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm¤tPosition=10&docId=G ALE%7CA496643200&docType=Brief+article&sort=Relevance&contentSegment=ZGP P-MOD1&prodId=GPS&contentSet=GALE%7CA496643200&searchId=R11&userGrou pName=j187907&inPS=true. Edison helped the world move into the future. His inventions are part of our daily lives and his most important invention was the light bulb. He even went to a copper foundry the person that owed the foundry was using a generator to power the Arc lights. This is a secondary source. We would say this source is important because it gives information we could use in our project. This source is a secondary source.
Cushman, Chloe Cushman. "How the Lightbulb Disrupted Our Sleeping Patterns and Changed the World" [How the Lightbulb Disrupted Our Sleeping Patterns and Changed the World]. Https://nationalpost.com. Last modified 2012. Accessed November 14, 2019. https://nationalpost.com/opinion/book-excerpt-how-the-lightbulb-disrupted-our-sleeping- patterns-and-changed-the-world. This part is after our project. The light bulb changed people's sleeping habits. The way that people slept was determined and changed when the light bulb was invented. Before the light bulb was invented people mostly went to bed at dark because candles would not produce that much light and it was a fire hazard. When the light bulb was invented people could stay up and work or do whatever they wanted. This is a secondary source.
Davidson, Michael. "Warren De La Rue" [Warren De La Rue]. Molecular Expressions. Last modified October 4, 2004. Accessed October 22, 2019. https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/delarue.html. This is in the Background section of our project. Warren De La Rue changed history by changing the way the world sees and saw back in the 1800's. He contributed with the light bulb because he used a platinum tube to create the first light. De La Rue is most remembered for his pioneering role in Astrophotography. His adaption of the wet-plate process to the photography of the moon in the early 1850's allowed for highly improved images of the lunar body, which were unsurpassed in their detail for many years. This is a secondary source.
Finn, Bernard. "Edison's Light Bulb Turns 135" [Edison's Light Bulb Turns 135]. The National Museum of American History. Last modified December 31, 2014. Accessed October 29, 2019. https://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/edisons-light-bulb-turns-135. Thomas Edison's light bulb was a hassle to perfect, because it had to meet so many requirements.After testing hundreds of materials he settled on a thin strip- or filament-of carbon.It had to conduct electricity yet it also had to have a high electrical resistance; this last condition was critical factor for Edison, among the early inventors, understood with a high resistance , heat would build up in the element instead of in the feed wires coming from the distant electric generator. When he did, he wanted the world to know.This is a secondary source.
Flores, Lissi. "Charles Francis Brush." emaze. Last modified unlisted. Accessed December 16, 2019. https://www.emaze.com/@AORZFWRQW/elements-of-inspiration. We used this image because it is a good picture of Charles Francis Brush and he made some carbon arcs. This image is a secondary source. This is a good image because it has the whole face of Charles Francis Brush and part of his body. This source is a secondary source.
The Franklin Institute. "X-RAY TUBE" [X-RAY TUBE]. The Franklin Institute. Last modified November 4, 2019. Accessed November 15, 2019. https://www.fi.edu/history-resources/xray-tube. This is the long term part of my project. This shows that the invention of the light bulb influenced the invention of other things that used radiation or light energy. Wilhelm Konard Roentgen used the light bulb radiation in 1895 to invent the X-ray to save people's lives. This is how the light bulb changed history to what it is today. This is a secondary source.
Friedel, Robert, and Paul Israel. "Electricity and the Electric Light" [Electricity and the Electric Light]. Gale Power Search. Accessed October 28, 2019. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2536601735/GPS?u=j187907&sid=GPS&xid=1b3fedb e. We used this source because it told about when Thomas Edison had his light show and his powering systems for the light bulb. It also talked about Arc lighting. This source was before and during the event. We learned the important dates of the main events from this topic. Overall, we think this is a good source if you want to know the basics about electricity and electric lights. This source is a secondary source.
Gifford, Clive, and David Cousens. 10 Inventors Who Changed the World. New York: Kingfisher, 2009. This is in the Heart section of our project. Thomas Edison didn't invent the first electric light bulb, but he did invent other things that we still use. He changed history in many ways,but a lot of people thought that he invented the light bulb but he just perfected and patented it.he invented practical versions of the incandescent lamp that could burn long and bright enough to be of great use in homes and buildings. This is a secondary source.
Grabianowski, Ed. "10 Inventions That Changed the World" [10 Inventions That Changed the World]. How Stuff Works - Stuff of Genius. Last modified June 24, 2013. Accessed November 18, 2019. https://www.geniusstuff.com/blogs/10-inventions-changed-world8.htm. This source is during, right after, and long after the heart of my project. Throughout reading this source, we found out what a filament is made out of and how it is made. We learned that the light bulb is the cause of all the powered devices that we can plug in anywhere. Most people think Thomas Edison made the incandescent light bulb, but many different people had ideas in the 1870's. This source told me that Edison and Swan merged and made "Ediswan." This source is great overall. It breaks down to the simplest, basic information you would need and what is needed. This source is a secondary source.
Greenslade, Thomas. "Geissler Tubes" [Geissler Tubes]. physics.kenyon.edu. Accessed November 4, 2019. http://physics.kenyon.edu/EarlyApparatus/Static_Electricity/Geissler_Tubes/Geissler_Tu bes.html. This is the in Build-up section of our project. Heinrich Geissler did something that no one else did. He used a chemical reaction to produce light instead of heating a filament up to make it glow. I am still surprised that they still are seeing if there is a gas that works better than neon or the other ones that Heinrich Geissler used.In 1855 he constructed a vacuum pump that used droplets of mercury falling through a tube as a method of producing relatively high vacua: plural form of vacuum. He used this pump to evacuate the discharge tubes that he made a few years later for Julius Pluecker. This source is a secondary source.
History.com Editors. "Thomas Edison" [Thomas Edison]. HISTORY. Last modified November 9, 2009. Accessed October 23, 2019. https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/thomas-edison. The section of my project this source is about is before, during, and after the event. This source was a good source if you wanted to dig deeper into Thomas Edison's life. While reading this source, we found information we did not know about Thomas Edison. We also learned about all of Thomas Edison's inventions while reading this source's article. We will use this source's information in my project by using the information to tell about Thomas Edison's life. In this source, we learned all about Thomas Edison's life and history. This source is a secondary source.
Kalinowski, Richard. "The Impact of Light Bulbs on Society" [The Impact of Light Bulbs on Society]. Https://www.hunker.com. Accessed November 14, 2019. https://www.hunker.com/13412721/the-impact-of-light-bulbs-on-society. This is shortly after my project. Many changes took place shortly after the invention of the light bulb. After light bulbs were able to be purchased, the everyday living of average people changed drastically.The light bulb was a major milestone in history. This landmark product, first appearing in the late 1800's, helped revolutionize human society and spur further advancements. This source is a secondary source.
Koren, Michael. "The impact of electricity and the light bulb on people's lives." eNotes. Last modified September 1, 2016. Accessed November 4, 2019. http://The impact of electricity and the light bulb on people's lives. The section of my project is the background. People had to work much harder when there was no electricity. Then powered machines did some of the work people used to do. Electricity also made it easier to communicate because of the telegraph and the telephone use electricity. The light bulb lets people work when it gets dark and people don't have to depend on candles for light. This is a secondary source. We will say that this is a good source because it tells how people had to work much harder before electricity. This source is a secondary source.
Kwon, Joseph. "Evolution of the Light Bulb" [Evolution of the Light Bulb]. https://www.timetoast.com. Accessed November 4, 2019. https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/evolution-of-the-light-bulb-58933f7d-22e8-422e-bb 01-f4ba47e87b12. This was in the Heart section of our project. The light bulb was changed and re-developed multiple times to make it how it is today. It was also made safer. If it was not enhanced then we would have house fires everywhere. January 1, 1780, January 1, 1803, January 1, 1857, January 1, 1880, January 1, 1893, December 10, 1926, and October 9, 1962, are/were all important dates. This source is a secondary source.
Lucci Electric. "Evolution of the light bulb image" [Evolution of the light bulb image]. Lucci Electric. Last modified unlisted. Accessed November 16, 2019. https://www.google.com/search?q=evolution+of+the+light+bulb&safe=active&source=ln ms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi28Oygo_DlAhVIRK0KHWAMAdQQ_AUIEigB &biw=1366&bih=609#imgrc=_. This is how the light bulb has evolved into what it is now in the 21st century. We like this source because it shows a good picture of how the light bulb turned to what it is now. This is a secondary source.
Lutz, Bill. "How Light Bulbs Have Changed over the Years." GEN3. Last modified November 3, 2016. Accessed November 11, 2019. Website Link:https://www.generation3electric.com/blog/how-light-bulbs-have-changed-over-the- years/. This source is in section long after the event. In 1878 Edison started working on lights. In 1904 lamps with tungsten filaments first appeared on the market. In 1962 the first LED was invented by Nick Holonyak, Jr. In 1978 the LED lights appeared in consumer products. In 1985 the first CFL hit the market for $25-$35. In 2002-2008 LED bulbs started to come to homes. In 2014-2016 a major push toward smart technology. This is a good source of how the light bulb evolved over time. This source is a secondary source.
MagLab. "Arc Lamp" [Arc Lamp]. Magnet Academy. Last modified June 17, 2019. Accessed November 5, 2019. https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/watch-play/interactive/arc-lampf. This source is before the event. Before the light bulb was invented, they had arc lamps. Humphry Davy made the Yablochkov candle. We use arc lamps for applications to create brightness that is intense. We used this source because it informs me of what people used before the light bulb was invented. This source is a secondary source.
Matulka, Rebecca, and Daniel Wood. "The History of the Light Bulb" [The History of the Light Bulb]. The History of the Light bulb. Last modified November 22, 2013. Accessed October 21, 2019. https://www.energy.gov/articles/history-light-bulb. This source is in the sections before, build-up, during, right after, and long after the event. The history of the incandescent light bulb is that the first Arc lamp was invented, next the first constant electric light was demonstrated, after that there was lighting in a tube, then more people joined the race of the light bulb including Thomas Edison. Next, a whole new lighting system was used and they used Tungsten instead of carbon filament, then Edison Screw became universal. Finally, they doubled the result of the light bulb. We learned a whole timeline of the history of the light bulb. We used this website and all the information it gave us. We will use this information in a timeline for my source. This source is a secondary source.
Miller, Cynthia. "Inventors fear losing patent race if first-to-file rule becomes law." Gale. Last modified June 15, 1992. Accessed November 5, 2019. https://go.gale.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T003&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&search ResultsType=SingleTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm¤tPosition=3&docId=GA LE%7CA12483591&docType=Article&sort=Relevance&contentSegment=ZGPP-MOD1 &prodId=GPS&contentSet=GALE%7CA12483591&searchId=R2&userGroupName=j18 7907&inPS=true. The section of my project this source is in is right after the event. Edison filed his patent then right after that, Swan filed a patent on the same thing. Edison and Swan met then they founded the Edison Swan United Electric Light Co. Ltd. Congress discussed a new patent law of whoever files a patent first will get it. The present system was he or she has to prove they had the idea. This is when a new law "first to file law" almost became a real law. This source is a secondary source.
National Records of Scotland. "James Bowman Lindsay" [James Bowman Lindsay]. National Records of Scotland. Last modified Unlisted. Accessed November 16, 2019. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/learning/hall-of-fame/hall-of-fame-a-z/lindsay-ja mes-bowman. This source is before the event. We used this source because it gives us all the information we need about James Bowman Lindsay. We know Lindsay was born in 1799 and died in 1862. He was 62 when he died. His job was to be a teacher for languages and math. He was baptized on September 15, 1799. Overall, this source was a great website for James Bowman Lindsay's background information. This source is a secondary source.
Nolta, Brandon. "Passing The Torch image." Scribophile. Last modified December 6, 2019. Accessed December 6, 2019. https://www.scribophile.com/blog/passing-the-torch. This is an image of an old torch. This is a secondary source and we like this source because it is a good image of what people used a long time ago way before light bulbs. And this is a good image to give you an idea of how fires start. This source is a secondary source.
Palermo, Elizabeth. "Who Invented the Light Bulb?" Live Science. Last modified August 17, 2017. Accessed October 21, 2019. https://www.livescience.com/43424-who-invented-the-light-bulb.html. Edison had competitors that invented the first electric lamp. Edison bought the electric lamp from Henry Woodward and Matthew Evans. William Sawyer and Albon Man merged their companies with Edison. Many inventors attempted to create a working electrical bulb, unfortunately, many of them failed. This is a secondary source and we think this source is good because it tells more about how Edison perfected the light bulb. This source is a secondary source.
Prezi. "Why the Light Bulb Is so Important" [Why the Light Bulb Is so Important]. Prezi.com. Last modified December 8, 2014. Accessed November 4, 2019. https://prezi.com/mvi4kaqrz27j/the-invention-of-the-light-bulb-and-why-it-changed-the- world/. People can do more things at night because of the light bulb. The light bulb had a foundation that let electricity to every home and business. The world is filled with powered devices that you can plug it in pretty much anywhere and because of the light bulb we don't have to spend money on candles. This tells you why the light bulb is important. This source is a secondary source.
Rossi, Ann. Bright Ideas. None ed. none. Washington, D.C., America: National Geographic School Publishing, n.d. Edison opened the first electric power plant. He hired researchers to solve problems and invent new products. Edison then received 1,093 patents from the United States patent office. And Edison has invented many things. One of Edison ́s competitors was Goerge Westinghouse, and his staff that developed a device that sent electricity over long distances. This is a secondary source and we like this source because it tells more about Thomas Edison and the people he faced. This source is a secondary source.
Schulman, Marc. "Commercial Electric Light Bulb Invented" [Commercial Electric Light Bulb Invented]. historycentral.com. Accessed October 30, 2019. https://www.historycentral.com/Industrialage/TheLightbulb.html. This is in the Heart section of our project. Here are some important dates 1802- Davy, 1840- De La Rue,1874- Woodward and Evans, and 1879- Edison. They all worked with/against each other to invent the light bulb and make it practical. This source is a secondary source.
Science in the Making. "Humphry Davy" [Humphry Davy]. The Royal Society. Last modified Unlisted Unlisted. Accessed November 5, 2019. https://makingscience.royalsociety.org/s/rs/people/fst00047018. This source is before the event. This source gives us information about Humphry Davy's background. It also gives us information about his involvement and his work with the light bulb. We used this source because it gives us a starting point of research about Humphry Davy. We would recommend this source to someone if they want basic information about Humphry Davy. This source is a secondary source.
Spark Notes. "Lighting up the World" [Thomas Edison Summary]. Thomas Edison Summary. Accessed October 23, 2019. https://www.sparknotes.com/biography/edison/section5/. We used this source because it is informational and it told the whole story of Thomas Edison and the light bulb. Also, this source tells the background of Thomas Edison and the light bulb. The section of our project this source is about is during the event. Thomas Edison had the gas lamp, then he started creating the light bulb. Next, he showed off his light bulbs at Menlo Park. After that, he powered all the lamps and the source showed the work behind powering all the lamps. We believe this source overall is a good source to use if you just want to find basic information. This source is a secondary source.
Staff, Susie Facty. "What Do We Know About Thomas Edison." Facty.com. Last modified March 22, 2019. Accessed November 3, 2019. https://facty.com/network/answers/science/what-do-we-know-about-thomas-edison/1/. Edison developed a Universal Stock Printer which the company Gold and Stock Telegraph Company paid Edison $40,000. Edison did not invent the light bulb but he did perfect it. Many other inventors tried unsuccessfully to do the same. We like this source because it talks about other inventions Thomas Edison made. This source is a secondary source.
STANDARD. "The Advent of the Light Bulb - Let There Be Light!" [The Advent of the Light Bulb - Let There Be Light!] STANDARD. Last modified May 29, 2019. Accessed November 16, 2019. https://www.standardpro.com/advent-of-the-light-bulb/. This source is right before, during, and right after the event. We used this source because it explained the historical timeline of the light bulb. At first, before the light bulb, they had made a bunch of other inventions. Next, Humphry Davy did some work on the light bulb. After that, James Bowman Lindsay did his part. Then Joseph Swan wanted to make a vacuum. Finally, Edison and Swan united. This source is a secondary source.
Strategy, Mortgage. "Edison Nicked the Idea of the Light Bulb from Joseph Swan" [Edison Nicked the Idea of the Light Bulb from Joseph Swan]. Gale Power Search. Last modified April 3, 2006. Accessed October 25, 2019. https://go.gale.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T003&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&search ResultsType=SingleTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm¤tPosition=1&docId=GA LE%7CA144073592&docType=Brief+article%2C+Letter+to+the+editor&sort=Relevanc e&contentSegment=ZGPP-MOD1&prodId=GPS&contentSet=GALE%7CA144073592& searchId=R1&userGroupName=j187907&inPS=true. Edison did not invent the light bulb he took the idea from Joseph Swan. James Lindsay developed the first constant electric lamp. He then made it to his satisfaction and lost interest, then had a new idea. This is a secondary source and we like this source because it tells how Edison got the idea of the Light Bulb. This source is a secondary source.
Turner, Tracey, Andrea Mills, Clive Gifford, and Jack Challoner. 100 Inventions That Made History: Brilliant Breakthroughs That Shaped Our World. New York, NY: Dk Publishing, 2014. This was in the Build-up section of our project. This shows how Davy, Swan, and Edison contributed to the creation of the light bulb and how it changed because of that. Humphry Davy made the first light bulb, Joseph Swan removed the air from the bulb, and Edison made it practical. This is a secondary source.
University, Kean. "Thomas Edison holding the light bulb." youtube. Last modified October 7, 2014. Accessed November 18, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wkjlSZt0ko. This is in the Heart section of our project. Thomas Edison holding the light bulb. We like this image because it shows Tomas Edison taking a look at his finished project. This source is a secondary source.
Unknown, Unknown. "Davy, Swan and Edison." EnchantedLearning.com. Accessed November 13, 2019. https://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/edison/lightbulb.shtml. This source is secondary. The first electric light was made in 1800 by Humphry Davy. In 1860, Joseph Swan invented a filament that worked well but did not last long. In 1877, Charles Francis Brush manufactured some carbon arcs to light the public square in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. In 1879, Thomas Edison experimented with thousands of different filaments to find the right material. In 1882, Lewis Latimer improved the bulb by inventing a carbon filament. In 1903, Willis R. Whitney invented a treatment for the filament so it will not darken the inside of the bulb as it glowed. In 1910, William Coolidge invented a tungsten filament which lasted even longer. We like this source because it tells things that happened at different time periods.
Unknown, Unknown Unknown. "Who Invented the Light Bulb?" [Who Invented the Light Bulb?] ScienceStruck. Last modified Unlisted Unlisted. Accessed December 13, 2019. https://sciencestruck.com/who-invented-light-bulb. This source background information about the event. We used this source because it gives information about who invented the first incandescent light. It gives an image of what the first incandescent light looked like. This source is a secondary source.
Unlisted. "Development of Incandescent Light Bulb" [Development of Incandescent Light Bulb]. History of Light Bulbs. Last modified Unlisted 2019. Accessed November 3, 2019. http://www.historyoflighting.net/light-bulb-history/history-of-light-bulbs/. This source is during the event. We would recommend this source if you want to know very little information about the light bulb. The information this source gives is information you wouldn't find on any other website. We learned a lot of information from this source. We learned that Sir Humphry Davy was one of the first to work on the light bulb. We also learned that they made the light bulb last 13 hours, but then they made improvements and made it last 1200 hours. We used this source and would recommend it. This source is a secondary source.
Unlisted, David. "The History of Incandescent Light Bulbs" [The History of Incandescent Light Bulbs]. www.bulbamerica.com. Accessed November 7, 2019. chrome-extension://ecabifbgmdmgdllomnfinbmaellmclnh/data/reader/index.html?id=213 2&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bulbamerica.com%2Fblogs%2Fnews%2F16030436-the- history-of-incandescent-light-bulbschrome-extension://ecabifbgmdmgdllomnfinbmaellmc lnh/data/reader/index.html?id=2132&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bulbamerica.com%2F blogs%2Fnews%2F16030436-the-history-of-incandescent-light-bulbs. This was in the Heart section of our project. The light bulb was changed and re-developed multiple times to make it how it is today. It was also made safer. If it was not enhanced then we would have house fires everywhere. January 1, 1780, January 1, 1803, January 1, 1857, January 1, 1880, January 1, 1893, December 10, 1926, and October 9, 1962, are/were all important dates. This is a secondary source.
Unlisted, Unlisted. "Edison Light Bulb." Smithsonian. Last modified November 3, 2011. Accessed November 9, 2019. https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/snapshot/edison-light-bulb. This is in the Heart section of our project. Edison used a carbon-filament on the light bulb when first demonstrated. The light bulb creates light when an electrical current passes through heating it up until it glows. The light bulb is covered with a glass bulb to protect it from the air. Edison received 1,093 patents and became a skilled entrepreneur. We will use this source because it tells more things about how the light bulb works. This source is a secondary source.
Unlisted, Unlisted Unlisted. "Invention of the Light Bulb: Davy, Swan and Edison" [Invention of the Light Bulb: Davy, Swan Edison]. Invention of the Light Bulb: Davy, Swan and Edison. Last modified Unlisted Unlisted. Accessed November 4, 2019. https://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/edison/lightbulb.shtml. This source is during the event. We used this source because it gave information about the standard information you would need. We learned from this source the standard information about the light bulb. Thomas Alva Edison ran trials with multiple filaments to find the one that was just right. Edison eventually made a bulb that could last over 1500 hours. This source is a secondary source.
Vance, Chris. "Bulb." Gale. Last modified January 1, 2005. Accessed November 13, 2019. https://go.gale.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T003&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&search ResultsType=SingleTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm¤tPosition=8&docId=GA LE%7CA130051881&docType=Brief+article%2C+Letter+to+the+editor&sort=Relevanc e&contentSegment=ZTSF-198501P&prodId=GPS&contentSet=GALE%7CA130051881 &searchId=R4&userGroupName=j187907&inPS=true. This is in the Heart section of our project. Thomas Edison perfected the light bulb in 1879 and inside the light bulb was a cotton thread turned to the mineral carbon, when electricity ran through the light bulb it burned the thread and the light bulb lit up. We will use this source because it tells some information about how the light bulb works. This source is a secondary source.
Welvaert, Scott R., Phil Miller, and Charles Barnett. Thomas Edison and the Lightbulb. Mankato, Minn.: Capstone Press, 2007. In this source, we learned that Edison did not actually invent the light bulb. It was Joseph Swan that did. Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan united to form "Ediswan" Company. They then made light bulbs together. Thomas Edison only perfected the light bulb. Edison's team continued to create a complete vacuum in light bulbs. His team tried over 6,000 carbonized materials. This source is a secondary source.