Kaithal District, Haryana
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कᴂद्रीय भूमि जल बो셍ड जल संसाधन, नदी विकास और गंगा संरक्षण विभाग, जल शक्ति मंत्रालय भारत सरकार Central Ground Water Board Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti Government of India AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT OF GROUND WATER RESOURCES KAITHAL DISTRICT, HARYANA उत्तर पविमी क्षेत्र, चंडीग褼 North Western Region, Chandigarh CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Rainfall and Climate 1.2. Geomorphology and Soils 1.3. Irrigation and Agriculture 1.4. Drainage Network and Water Bodies 1.5. Objective 1.6. Scope of the Study 1.7. Methodology 1.8. Data availability, Data adequacy and data gap analysis and data generation 2. DATA COLLECTION AND GENERATION 2.1. Hydrogeological Data 2.1.1. Geology 2.1.2. Groundwater level behavior 2.1.3. Spatial Data Distribution 2.2. Geophysical studies and Interpretations 2.3. Ground Water Quality 2.4. Data Interpretation, Integration and Aquifer Mapping 3. HYDROGEOLOGY 3.1. Previous Work 3.2. Present NAQUIM Study 3.3. Aquifer Mapping Outcomes before and after data generation in datagap areas 4. GROUND WATER RESOURCES 4.1. Unconfined aquifers 4.2. Confined Aquifer 5. GROUND WATER ISSUES 5.1. Ground Water Irrigation Scenario 6. AQUIFER MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1. Scope of Implementation 6.2. Potential of Enhancing the Ground Water Use Efficiency 6.3. Water Saving Potential from Crop Diversification-Change Paddy to Maize/Pulses 7. BLOCKWISE AQUIFER MAPS AND MANAGEMENT PLAN Gulha Block 417.7 Sq. Km Kaithal Block 548.6 Sq. Km Kalayat Block 322.9 Sq. Km Pundri Block 448.1 Sq. Km Rajaund Block 285.4 Sq. Km Siwan Block 261.4 Sq. Km Kaithal District Total 2284 Sq. Km 8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS LIST OF FIGURES Figure-1: Base Map of the Kaithal District, Haryana State Figure-2: Drainage Network in Kaithal district Figure-3: Water Bodies Village Ponds in Kaithal district Figure-4: Comparison of Pre monsoon water level maps of Kaithal (Years 2007 and 2016) Figure-5: Comparison of Post monsoon water level maps of Kaithal (Years 2007 and 2016) Figure-6: Pre and postmonsoon decadal fluctuation maps of Kaithal district (2007 to 2016) Figure-7: Hydrograph of Kaithal district for different hydrostations Figure-8: Location of Exploratory Bore Holes in Kaithal district Figure-9: Locations of VES points in Kaithal district & respective interpreted cross-sections Figure-10: Elevation Contour Map-Kaithal District Figure-11: 3D Scatter view of Litho striplogs in Kaithal district Figure-12: 3 Dimension Lithological Fence diagram of Kaithal District Figure-13: 3-Dimension Lithological model & Aquifer group model diagram of Kaithal District Figure-14: 3-Dimensional Fence diagram of multiple Aquifer groups of Kaithal District Figure-15: 2-D Lithological Cross Sections of Kaithal District Figure-16: 2-D multiple Aquifer groups Cross Sections (Aquifer Maps) of Kaithal District Figure-17: After data generation through well-field concept-Hydrogeological and geophysical interpretations for different aquifers. Figure-18: After data generation through well-field concept-Quality interpretations in different aquifers. Figure-19: Datagap areas are covered for mapping- Before & After data generation through well-field concept-the sections made based up on Hydrogeological datasets. Figure-20: Datagap areas are covered for mapping- Before & After data generation through well-field concept-the lithological models are made based up on Hydrogeological datasets. Figure-21: Datagap areas are covered for mapping- Before & After data generation through well-field concept-the multiple aquifer group model based up on Hydrogeological data. Figure-22: Datagap areas are covered for mapping- Before (not possible to grouping) & After data generation through well-field concept (multiple aquifer groups identified). Figure-23: Conceptual figure to understand the fresh and saline water resources in the aquifer up to 300 m for Resource Estimation in Unconfined and Confined Aquifer System. Figure-24: Distribution of Irrigation tube wells as per depth. LIST OF TABLES Table-1: Crops vs area wise details Table-2: Data availability of exploration wells in Kaithal district Table 3: Dynamic Ground Water Resource & Development Potential (as on 31.03.2013) Table-4: Block Wise Availability of Groundwater In-storage resources for both fresh and saline waters of Aquifer-I in Kaithal district Table-5: Block Wise Availability of Groundwater Dynamic & In-storage resources for both fresh and saline waters of Aquifer-II Table-6: Block Wise Availability of Groundwater Dynamic & In-storage resources for both fresh and saline waters of Aquifer-III Table-7: Block Wise Total Available Fresh & Saline Ground Water Resources Including Dynamic & Static Resources for 3 Aquifer groups up to the depth of 300m. Table-8: Distribution of Tube wells according to Owner’s holding Size Table-9: Distribution of Tube wells according to Depth of tube well Table-10: Number of Ground Water Schemes and Potential Utilized by water distribution Table-11: Scope of Quantitative Impact on Stage of Development after applying various management strategies. PROJECT TEAM Regional Director: Sh. Anoop Nagar Regional Director Report Compilation: Dr. D. Anantha Rao STA (Hydrogeology) Nodal Officer: Sh. D. Jamloki Sh. S. K. Saigal Scientist ‘D’ Scientist ‘D’ (Rtd) Supporting Team Hydrogeology Geophysics Chemical Quality Sh. Sanjay Pandey Sh. S. Bhatnagar, Sh. K.S. Rawat, Asst. Hydrogeologist Scientist 'B' Scientist 'B' Sh. Dhan Prakash & Scientist 'B' Sh. Kiran Lale. G STA (Chemist) Engineering Section (CGWB, Division-II) Rama Krishnan Executive Engineer & Supporting Officers, Drilling Team AQUIFER MAPPING AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT PLANS IN KAITHAL DISTRICT, HARYANA STATE (Area: 2284 Sq. Km under PHASE-I, NAQUIM-XII Plan) 1.0 INTRODUCTION There has been a paradigm shift from “groundwater development” to “groundwater management” in the past two decades in the country. An accurate and comprehensive micro- level picture of ground water through aquifer mapping in different hydrogeological settings would enable robust groundwater management plans in an appropriate scale. Aquifer mapping is a process wherein a combination of geologic, geophysical, hydrologic and chemical field and laboratory analyses are applied to characterize the quantity, quality and sustainability of ground water in aquifers. This would help achieving drinking water security, improved irrigation facility and sustainability in water resources development in large parts of rural India, and many parts of urban India. Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) implemented the Aquifer Mapping Programme in Haryana in four phases with the broad objective of preparing an Aquifer- wise management plan for the region. Various multi–disciplinary geo-scientific activities were undertaken in the study partly through in-house capacity of CGWB, PHED- Haryana State Government Dept. and Private agencies for generation of additional micro-level hydrogeological data. This report primarily deals with Kaithal district of Haryana State covered under Phase-I, the base map of the district kaithal is shown in Fig-1. Kaithal, the north districts of Haryana State with a total geographical area of 2284 sq. km is located between 29o 31’ : 30o 12’ north latitudes and 76o 10’ : 76o 42’ east longitudes. It is bordered by Patiala district of Haryana in the north, Kaithal, Karnal and Jind district of Haryana in north east, eastern, western & southern respectively. Administratively, the district has four tehsils and divided into six development blocks namely Gulha at Cheeka, Kaithal, Pundari, Kalayat, Rajound and Siwan. The district headquarter is at Kaithal. It has four towns namely Kaithal, Cheeka, Kalayat and Pundri. Towns are well connected by roads. As per 2011 census the total population of the district is 10,72,861. The population density is 630 persons per sq.km against the state average of 573 persons per sq.km. The decennial growth rate of population of the district for the decade 2001-2011 was 13.4%. The rural and urban population is 8,37,171 and 2,35,690 with an average density of 463 person/sq km against the state average of 573 persons per sq.km. Out of total population 5,70,595 are males and 5,02,666 are females. The male and female ratio of the district as a whole was 880. In Kaithal district rural population is settled in 269 villages and the rest of population is concentrated in 4 towns. The Ghaggar and Markanda rivers are important seasonal rivers in the district and flows through the northern part of the district covering Guhla block in westerly direction and enters Patiala district of Haryana. River Ghaggar sometimes gets flooded during monsoon and causes extensive damage to crops and property. Besides Sirsa branch which is part of Western Yamuna canal system, is the most important canal passing through the Pundri, Kaithal and Kalayat blocks area. Depletion in ground water resources are the major concern of the district. Figure-1: Base Map of the Kaithal District, Haryana State 1.1 Rainfall and Climate: Rainfall: The normal annual rainfall of the district is 511 mm which is unevenly distributed over the area 30 days. The south west monsoon sets in from last week of June and withdraws in end of September, contributed about 85% of annual rainfall. July and August are the wettest months. Rest 15% rainfall is received during non-monsoon period in the wake of western disturbances and thunder storms. Generally rainfall in the district increases from southwest to northeast and varies from 403 mm at Rajound, Kalayat blocks to more than 520 mm at Pundri, Kaithal, Gulha and Siwan blocks. Normal Annual Rainfall (average of 2008-12): 481.33 mm Normal monsoon Rainfall: 378.77 mm Normal non-monsoon Rainfall: 102.84 mm Temperature Mean Maximum: 40°C (May & June) Mean Minimum: 7°C (January) Normal Rain days: 30 Climate: The climate of Kaithal district can be classified as tropical steppe, semi- arid and hot which is mainly dry with very hot summer and cold winter except during monsoon season when moist air of oceanic origin penetrates into the district.