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Freebsd 4.X、5.X、6.X 常見問答集

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Freebsd 4.X、5.X、6.X 常見問答集 FreeBSD 4.X、、、5.X、、、6.X 常常常見見見問問問答答答集集集 FreeBSD 文文文件件件計計計畫畫畫 FreeBSD 4.X、、、5.X、、、6.X 常常常見見見問問問答答答集集集 by FreeBSD 文件計畫 Published $FreeBSD: doc/zh_TW.Big5/books/faq/book.sgml,v 1.22 2006/07/10 07:40:01 vanilla Exp $ Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 FreeBSD 文件計畫 這份文件是FreeBSD 4.X，5.X 及6.X 的常見問答集。除非有特別加註，否則這些項目都適用於FreeBSD 4.0 及以後的版本。(如果條目內容中有<XXX> 則是尚未完成中譯的部份。) 如果您對協助本文件/翻譯計畫的 進行有興趣的話，請寄e-mail 到FreeBSD 文件計畫的郵遞論壇 (http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc)。此外，隨時可從 FreeBSD 網站 (http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/index.html) 拿到這份文件的最新版本。也可以利 用HTTP 來下載一份龐大的HTML (book.html) 文件，或是經由 FreeBSD FTP 站 (ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/) 下載純文字、PostScript®、或PDF 版本的檔案。您也可以在這裡使 用搜尋資料 (http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/search.html) 的功能。 Redistribution and use in source (SGML DocBook) and ’compiled’ forms (SGML, HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code (SGML DocBook) must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer as the first lines of this file unmodified. 2. Redistributions in compiled form (transformed to other DTDs, converted to PDF, PostScript, RTF and other formats) must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. Important: THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. FreeBSD 是FreeBSD基金會的註冊商標 3Com 和HomeConnect 是3Com Corporation 的註冊商標。 Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, 以及PostScript 是Adobe Systems Incorporated 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。 Sound Blaster 是Creative Technology Ltd. 在美國和/或其他國家的註冊商標。 CVSup 是John D. Polstra 的註冊商標。 IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, 和ThinkPad 是國際商用機器公司在美國和其他國家的註冊商標或商標。 IEEE, POSIX, 和802 是Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 在美國的註冊商標。 Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, 和Xeon 是Intel Corporation 及其分支機構在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商標。 Iomega, Zip, 和Jaz 是Iomega Corporation 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。 Linux 是Linus Torvalds 的註冊商標。 Microsoft, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media, 和Windows NT 是Microsoft Corporation 在美國和/或其他國家的商標 或註冊商標。 MIPS 和R4000 是MIPS Technologies, Inc. 在美國以及其他國家的註冊商標。 Netscape 以及Netscape Navigator 是Netscape Communications Corporation 在美國和其他國家的註冊商標。 Motif, OSF/1, 和UNIX 是The Open Group 在美國和其他國家的註冊商標；IT DialTone 和The Open Group 是其商標。 Oracle 是Oracle Corporation 的註冊商標。 Silicon Graphics, SGI, 和OpenGL 是Silicon Graphics, Inc. 在美國和/或其他國家的註冊商標。 Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, 以及UltraSPARC 是SPARC International, Inc 在美國和其他國家的商標。為Sun Microsystems, Inc. 所開發的 架構，包含SPARC 商標的產品。 Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JavaServer Pages, JDK, JSP, JVM, Netra, Solaris, StarOffice, Sun Blade, Sun Enterprise, Sun Fire, SunOS, 和Ultra 是Sun Microsystems, Inc. 在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商標。 U.S. Robotics 和Sportster 是U.S. Robotics Corporation 的註冊商標。 XFree86 是The XFree86 Project, Inc 的商標。. 許多製造商和經銷商使用一些稱為商標的圖案或文字設計來彰顯自己的產品。本文中出現的眾多商標，以及FreeBSD Project 本身廣所 人知的商標，後面將以’™’ 或’®’ 符號來標註。 Table of Contents 1 前前前言言言、、、一一一般般般問問問題題題.........................................................................................................................................................1 2 文文文件件件與與與技技技術術術支支支援援援.........................................................................................................................................................7 3 安安安裝裝裝 ...........................................................................................................................................................................11 4 硬硬硬體體體支支支援援援方方方面面面...........................................................................................................................................................20 4.1 一般問題.......................................................................................................................................................20 4.2 硬體架構及CPU ...........................................................................................................................................20 4.3 硬碟、磁帶機以及光碟、DVD、燒錄機 ..................................................................................................20 4.4 鍵盤、滑鼠...................................................................................................................................................22 4.5 網路跟serial 設備 .........................................................................................................................................24 4.6 音效卡...........................................................................................................................................................25 4.7 其他怪異問題(ACPI、重開機後掛了..等) .................................................................................................26 5 常常常見見見問問問題題題解解解決決決...........................................................................................................................................................28 6 商商商業業業軟軟軟體體體...................................................................................................................................................................40 7 一一一般般般應應應用用用程程程式式式...........................................................................................................................................................43 8 kernel 設設設定定定 ...............................................................................................................................................................47 9 硬硬硬碟碟碟、、、檔檔檔案案案系系系統統統、、、Boot Loader .............................................................................................................................49 10 系系系統統統管管管理理理.................................................................................................................................................................59 11 X Window System 及及及Virtual Consoles.................................................................................................................69 12 Networking .............................................................................................................................................................79 13 系系系統統統安安安全全全篇篇篇.............................................................................................................................................................85 14 PPP ..........................................................................................................................................................................88 15 Serial Communications .......................................................................................................................................100 16 其其其它它它各各各式式式各各各樣樣樣的的的問問問題題題 ..........................................................................................................................................107 17 The FreeBSD Funnies..........................................................................................................................................113 18 進進進階階階主主主題題題...............................................................................................................................................................116 19 感感感謝謝謝 .......................................................................................................................................................................122 20 Ports and Packages 常常常見見見問問問題題題.............................................................................................................................123 Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................................................130 iv List of Tables 3-1. 檔案大小的最大限制 ...........................................................................................................................................18 12-1. Network cards based on the DEC PCI chipset ....................................................................................................81 v Chapter 1 前前前言言言、、、一一一般般般問問問題題題 歡迎使用FreeBSD 4.X-6.X FAQ! 跟其他Usenet 上的FAQ 一樣，這份文件涵蓋了有關FreeBSD 這套作業系統最常被問到的問題(當然包括了回 答！)。雖然說我們本來的目的是為了減少網路頻寬的浪費以及避免同樣的問題一再出現，但事實上FAQ 已 經被視為是一種值得閱讀的文件資源。 我們已經儘可能地使這份FAQ 更豐富了。如果您對如何改善、進步方面有任何建議，請隨時寄電子郵件 給FreeBSD 文件計畫的郵遞論壇 (http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc)。 1. 什麼是FreeBSD？ 簡單地來說，FreeBSD 是一套可以在Alpha/AXP, AMD64 及Intel® EM64T, i386TM IA-64, PC-98, UltraSPARC® 上執行的UN*X-like 作業系統，它是根據U.C. Berkeley 所開發出來的“4.4BSD-Lite”，並加 上了許多“4.4BSD-Lite2” 的增強功能。它同時也間接使用了U.C. Berkeley 所開發出來並由William Jolitz 移 植到i386 的“Net/2”，也就是“386BSD”，不過現在386BSD 的程式碼只剩下極少數還留存在FreeBSD 中。您可以在FreeBSD 首頁 (http://www.FreeBSD.org/index.html)找到有關什麼是FreeBSD 以及它可以幫您做 些什麼的相關資訊。 FreeBSD 已被廣泛地被世界各地的公司行號、ISP、研究人員、電腦專家、學生，以及家庭用戶所使用，用
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