Initial Environmental Examination

Document Stage: Draft Project Number: 35173-015 February 2021

NEPAL: Urban Water Supply and Sanitation (Sector) Project – Kanchanrup Water Supply & Sanitation Project, Saptari District

Package Number: W-12

Prepared by Ministry of Water Supply (MoWS) for the Asian Development Bank.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

Project No. 35173-015 February 2021

NEP: Urban Water Supply and Sanitation (Sector) Project

(Package no. - W12) - Kanchanrup Water Supply & Sanitation Project, Saptari District

Prepared by the Ministry of Water Supply, for the Asian Development Bank

IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

ABBREVIATIONS

A.D. Anno Domini ADB Asian Development Bank AM Accountability Mechanism BoQ Bill of Quantities B.S. Bikram Sambat CAPP Community and Public Participation Plan CBS Central Bureau of Statistics CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna & Flora CO Carbon Monooxide CRO Complaint Receiving Officer CSA Concerned Sector Agency DCC District Coordination Committee DDR Due Diligence Report DEDR Detailed Engineering Design Report DHM Department of Hydrology & Meteorology DMA District Metered Area DMC Developing Member Countries DoR Department of Roads DRTAC Design Review and Technical Audit Consultant DSMC Design, Supervision and Management Consultant DWSSM Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Management EA Executing Agency EARF Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EMR Environmental Monitoring Report EO Environmental Officer EPA Environment Protection Act EPR Environment Protection Rules

IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

ERDSMC Eastern Regional Design Supervision and Management Consultant ES Environmental Specialist ESA Environmental Safeguard Assistant ESE Environmental Safeguard Expert GoN Government of Nepal GRC Grievance Redress Committee GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HHs Households IBAT Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICG Implementation Core Group IEC Information, Education and Communication IED Intelligent Electric Device IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature IEE Initial Environmental Examination LC Least Concern MoFE Ministry of Forest and Environment MoPE Ministry of Population & Environment MoWS Ministry of Water Supply MWSS Manufacturer Waste Scrap Shingles NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NDWQS National Drinking Water Quality Standard NEA Nepal Electricity Authority NEPAP National Environment Policy & Action Plan no. Number

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide NGO Non-Governmental Organization NRs Nepalese Rupees NTFP Non-Timber Forest Products NUDS Nepal Urban Development Strategy NVMES Nepal Vehicles Mass Emission Standards O&M Operation and Maintenance

IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

OBA Output - Based Aid ODF Open Defecation Free PE Polyethylene PID Project Information Datasheet PID Proportional Integral Derivative PLC Programmable Logic Controller PM Particulate Matter

PM2.5 Particulate Matter 2.5 micrometers

PM10 Particulate Matter 10 micrometers PMO Project Management Office PMQAC Project Management and Quality Assurance Consultants PN Pressure Number PPHA Persons Per Hectare RDSMCs Regional Design Supervision and Management Consultant RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete REA Rapid Environmental Assessment RPMO Regional Project Management Office RTU Remote Controller Unit RVT Reservoir Tank SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SDG Sustainable Development Goal SEMP Site Specific Environmental Management Plan

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SS Site Specific SSTWSSSP Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project STWSSSP Small Towns’ Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project TDF Town Development Fund ToR Terms of Reference TSTWSSSP Third Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation Sector Project UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund UWSSSP Urban Water Supply & Sanitation (Sector) Project VDC Village Development Committee

IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

VU Vulnerable WHO World Health Organization WN Ward Number WSP Water Safety Plan WSSDO Water Supply and Sanitation Divisional Office WTP Water Treatment Plant WUA Water Users’ Association WUSC Water Users’ and Sanitation Committee

IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

°C Degree Celsius/centigrade dBA decibel audible Ha hectare/s HP Horse Power Km kilometer/s Kph kilometer/s per hour Kph kilometer/s per hour lps liter per second m meter/s m3 cubic meter/s amsl Above mean sea level mg/l milligram/s per liter mm millimeter/s sq.km. square kilometer

IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

NOTES

This Initial Environmental Examination (draft) is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff. The draft IEE and its environmental management plans will be updated during project implementation.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... I I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1

A. NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTION PREPARING THE REPORT ...... 1 B. BACKGROUND ...... 2 C. SUB PROJECT SELECTION CRITERIA BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND REVIEW FRAMEWORK ...... 3 D. PROJECT AREA DESCRIPTION ...... 11 E. PURPOSE OF THE IEE ...... 14 F. NEED FOR THE PROJECT ...... 14 G. RATIONALE OF THE PROJECT AND IEE ...... 15 II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 16 A. NEPAL’S ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, LEGAL & ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 16 B. ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS ...... 28 C. ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ...... 28 D. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS ...... 31 III. METHODOLOGY ...... 36

A. LITERATURE REVIEW/ DESK STUDY ...... 36 B. IMPACT AREA DELINEATION ...... 36 C. FIELD STUDY ...... 37 a) Physico-Chemical Environment ...... 37 b) Biological Environment ...... 37 c) Socio-economic & Cultural Environment ...... 38 D. STAKEHOLDER & PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 38 E. IMPACT IDENTIFICATION, PREDICTION & EVALUATION METHODS ...... 38 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT...... 41

A. PROPOSED SERVICE AREA ...... 41 B. PROJECT COMPONENTS ...... 43 C. LAND REQUIREMENT FOR THE PROPOSED COMPONENTS ...... 63 D. SALIENT FEATURE OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 67 V. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 70

A. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES ...... 70 B. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 71 C. SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 77 VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 92

A. WITH- AND WITHOUT-SUBPROJECT ALTERNATIVES...... 92 B. ALTERNATIVES RELATIVE TO PLANNING AND DESIGN ...... 94 VII. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION/AUGMENTATION MEASURES ...... 99

A. BENEFICIAL IMPACTS ...... 99 B. ADVERSE IMPACTS ...... 104 C. SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT RATING ...... 126 VIII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION & PARTICIPATION ...... 127

A. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION & PARTICIPATION ...... 127 B. MAJOR ISSUES DISCUSSED DURING STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ...... 130 IX. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 132

A. PURPOSE OF THE GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 132 B. PROPOSED SET-UP ...... 132

IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

X. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 136

A. INTRODUCTION ...... 136 B. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ...... 136 a) Executing and Implementing Agencies ...... 136 b) Safeguard Implementation Arrangement ...... 137 C. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ...... 141 D. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 166 E. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM ...... 167 F. STAFFING REQUIREMENT AND BUDGET ...... 169 G. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...... 177 XI. MONITORING & REPORTING...... 180 XII. CONCLUSION ...... 182 XIII. LITERATURE REVIEWED ...... 184

LIST OF ANNEXES

ANNEX A: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST FOR KANCHANRUP WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION PROJECT, PRELIMINARY CLIMATE RISK SCREENING CHECKLIST AND NO MITIGATION SCENARIO (SCOPING CHECKLIST) FOR KANCHANRUP WSSP ANNEX B: RELEVANT ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ANNEX C: SAMPLE GRIEVANCE REDRESS FORM ANNEX D: SAMPLE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN ANNEX E: SPOIL MANAGEMENT PLAN ANNEX F: SAMPLE SEMI ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT TEMPLATE ANNEX G: SAMPLE ENVIRONMENTAL SITE INSPECTION REPORT ANNEX H: PROXIMITY REPORT ON KANCHANRUP TOWN GENERATED BY ADB (IBAT REPORT) ANNEX I: OTHER CHECKLISTS AND SAMPLE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES ANNEX J: LETTERS, MINUTES OF MEETING & OTHER RELATED DOCUMENTS ANNEX K: CHLORINE USE GUIDELINES ANNEX L: WATER QUALITY TEST REPORTS ANNEX M: PHOTOGRAPHS

IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

LIST OF TABLES

Table I-I: Compliance Matrix on the subproject selection criteria in the EARF ...... 3

Table I-II:Kanchanrup Municipality Ward Profile ...... 13

Table II-I:Other Relevant Environmental Act, Rules, Plan, Policies, and Guidelines of Nepal ...... 18

Table II-II: Relevant Environmental Quality Standards ...... 28

Table II-III: Standards for Ambient Air Quality ...... 29

Table II-IV: Standards for Ambient Noise Quality ...... 30

Table II-V: National Diesel Generators Emission Standards, 2012 ...... 30

Table II-VI:SPS 2009 Safeguard Requirements ...... 32

Table III-I: Scoring of Impacts ...... 39

Table III-II: Significance of Impacts ...... 40

Table IV-I: Capacity and Number of Pump ...... 44

Table IV-II: Transformer and Diesel Generator...... 45

Table IV-III: Land Requirement Details ...... 63

Table IV-IV: Salient Features of the Project ...... 67

Table V-I: Average Monthly Rainfall Data of Kanchanrup Municipality ...... 70

Table V-II: Average Monthly Temperature of Kanchanrup Municipality (°C) ...... 71

Table V-III: Plant Life Forms Found in the Project Area ...... 71

Table V-IV: Mammals in the Project Area ...... 72

Table V-V: List of Birds in the Project Area ...... 73

Table V-VI: List of Herpito-Fauna Found in the Project Area ...... 74

Table V-VII: List of Fishes Found in the Project Area ...... 74

Table V-VIII: Population and Growth Rate ...... 77

Table V-IX: Distribution of Permanent and Rental Household and Population ...... 77

Table V-X: Distribution of Households and Population by Ethnic Composition ...... 78

Table V-XI:Distribution of Population By Sex and Family Size ...... 79

Table V-XII:Distribution of Population By Sex and Family Size ...... 79

IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

Table V-XIII: Land Holding Pattern in Service Area ...... 79

Table V-XIV: Status of Land Ownership in Service Area ...... 80

Table V-XV: Status of Land Ownership in Service Area ...... 80

Table V-XVI: Income Level of Households by Ward ...... 81

Table V-XVII: Expenditure Level of Households by Ward ...... 81

Table V-XVIII: Willingness to Pay for Monthly Water by Ward ...... 82

Table V-XIX: Education Status of Household Head ...... 83

Table V-XX: Detailed Information about Existing Structures ...... 85

Table V-XXI: Household Latrine Status by Ward ...... 88

Table V-XXII: Number and Type of Household Latrine ...... 88

Table V-XXIII: Existing solid waste management practices ...... 89

Table V-XXIV:Name List and Position of WUSC in Rupnagar WSSP...... 90

Table V-XXV: Name List and Position of Reformed WUSC...... 90

Table VII-I: Summary of Impact Matrix of Adverse Issues ...... 123

Table VIII-I:Stakeholder Analysis & Mapping ...... 127

Table X-I: Environmental Management Plan Matrix ...... 141

Table X-II: Environmental Monitoring Program ...... 166

Table X-III: Training Program for Environmental Management ...... 168

Table X-IV: Indicative Cost of EMP Implementation ...... 171

Table X-V: Environmental Management Implementation Schedule...... 177

Table X-VI: Proposed Topics for Capacity Building/Training ...... 178

IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

List of Figures

Figure I-I: Location Map of the Project Area ...... 12

Figure IV-I: Proposed Service Area ...... 42

Figure IV-II:District Metered Area (DMA) of the Proposed System ...... 48

Figure IV-III:Rupnagar Distribution System ...... 49

Figure IV-IV:Kanchanpur Distribution System ...... 50

Figure IV-V:Dharampur Distribution System ...... 51

Figure IV-VI: Location of Rupnagar Boring Site Plan ...... 57

Figure IV-VII: Rupnagar Boring Site Plan ...... 58

Figure IV-VIII: Location of Kanchanpur Boring Site Plan ...... 59

Figure IV-IX: Kanchanpur Boring Site Plan ...... 60

Figure IV-X: Location of Dharampur Boring Site Plan ...... 61

Figure IV-XI: Dharampur Boring Site Plan ...... 62

Figure V-I: Location of Protected Areas & Key Biodiversity Areas ...... 76

Figure VI-I: Schematic Diagram for Alternative I ...... 95

Figure VI-II: Schematic Diagram for Alternative II ...... 96

Figure VI-III:Schematic Diagram for Final Selected Scheme ...... 98

Figure VII-I: Summary of Impact Matrix of Beneficial Issues of the project ...... 103

Figure IX-I: Grievance Redress Mechanism (Formal Approach) ...... 135

Figure IX-II: Grievance Redress Mechanism (Formal Approach) ...... 135

IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

1. Kanchanrup Water Supply & Sanitation Project is one of the projects proposed under UWSSSP, which will will support Nepal in expanding access to community managed water supply & sanitationin 20 project municipalities by drawing on experiences and lessons from three earlier projects funded by ADB. In support of GoN’s endeavor, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) funded this Urban Water Supply and Sanitation (Sector) Project (UWSSSP). This project has the following outputs: i) Improved Water Supply and Sanitation Infrastructure in Project Municipalities and ii) Strengthened Instittutional and Community Capacities. 2. There is no treatment plant in existing systems. The water is directly distributed to few households within the town through overhead / ground reservoir depending upon the elevation of the RVT location. The existing system is under construction phase, where the extensive activities have to be added. The electro-mechanical works such as pumps are oversized or expected to extract more water from one tube well. The transformer size is also not enough to run the existing pumps. It has also been reported that all the households use same source of water for all purposes as drinking, cooking, bathing, washing clothes, watering in kitchen garden etc. Considering the water demand and condition of the existing system, there is a need of the proposed project to improve the existing water supply situation within the proposed service area to meet the growing demand for private connections, to make drinking water available to the people of service area throughout the year and to provide easy access to safe & reliable water supply service. 3. As per the study, the proposed project area lies in Kanchanrup Municipality, Saptari District, a Terai district in the Province 2 of Nepal. Out of 12 wards of the project town, the proposed project area covers partial areas of wards 4, 7, 8, 9, 11 & 12. 4. The IEE study needs to be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the ADB's Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS 2009) and environmental requirements of GoN i.e., EPA (2019) and EPR (2020). As per EPR 2077 (2020), the proposed project does not require IEE because The schedule 2 (Pertaining to Rule 3) - (Clause H-8) of EPR 2077 B.S. states that IEE is required for the projects that supplies water to the population ranging from 50,0000 to 200,000. Here, the proposed project supplies water to 37,822 populations only. However, as per ADB requirement, the project requires IEE.

Policy, Legal & Administrative Framework

5. Though as per EPR, 2077 under GoN, there is no requirement of IEE for the proposed project, as per ADB Safeguard Policy, there is requirement of IEE, which requires study of the concerned Policy, Legal & Administrative Framework to analyze their compliance with the project construction activities. The major environmental act, rules, plan, policies, guidelines that are relevant for IEE study of this project includes;

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

a) Major Law, Acts & Rules: i)Constitution of Nepal; ii) Environmental Protection Act (EPA), 2053 B.S. (1997 A.D); iii) Environmental Protection Rules (EPR), 1997 AD, and its amendments in 2017 A.D. b) Plans, Policies & Strategies: i) National Environmental Policy & Action Plan (NEPAP), 2050B.S. (1993 A.D.); ii) Water Resources Strategy, 2059 B.S. (2002) A.D.; iii) Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sectoral Strategic Action Plan (Unofficial Translation), 2060 B.S. (2004 A.D.); iv) Rural Water Supply and Sanitation National Policy and Rural Water Supply and Sanitation National Strategy, 2060 B.S. (2004 A.D.); v) National Water Plan, 2062 B.S. (2005 A.D.); vi) National Urban Policy, 2063 B.S. (2007 A.D.); vii) National Urban Water Supply & Sanitation Sector Policy, 2065 B.S. (2009 A.D.); viii) Updated 15-yr Development Plan for Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector, 2066 B.S. (2009 A.D. and Amendments in 2015A.D.); ix) National Water Supply & Sanitation Policy (Draft), 2071 B.S. (2014 A.D.);x) Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2015 A.D.; xi) Land Use Policy, 2072 B.S. (2015 A.D.); xii) Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve and Its Buffer Zone Management Plan, 1st Revision, (2074/75-2078/79); xiii) National Urban Development Strategy, 2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.); xiv) National Forest Policy, 2075 B.S. (2019 A.D.); xv) Fifteenth Three Years Plan (2076/77-2080/81); xvi) Climate Change Policy 2076 B.S. (2019 A.D.) and xvii) National Environmental Policy, 2076 B.S. (2019 A.D.) c) Laws & Acts: i) Essential Goods Protection Act; 2012 B.S. (1955 A.D.); ii) Aquatic Animal Protection Act, 2017 B.S. (1961 A.D.) with Amendments (2055 B.S. (1997 A.D.)); iii) National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act , 2029 A.D. (1973 A.D.) with Latest Amendments 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.); iv) Town Development Act , 2045 B.S. (1988 A.D.); v) Water Resource Act, 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.); vi) Land Acquisition Act,2049 B.S. (1993 A.D.); vii) Child Labor Prohibition and Regulation Act, 2056 B.S. (2001 A.D.); viii) Solid Waste Management Act, 2068 B.S. (2011 A.D.); ix) International Trade in Endangered Wildlife and Plant Control Act, 2073 B.S. (2017 A.D.); x) Labour Act, 2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.); xi) Local Government Operation Act, 2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.); xii) Forest Act, 2076 B.S. (2019 A.D.) and xiii) Land Use Act, 2076 B.S. (2019 A.D.) d) Rules & Regulations: i) Wildlife Reserve Rules, 2034 B.S. (1978 A.D.) 1st Amendment 2042 B.S. (1985 A.D.); ii) Solid Waste (Management & Resource Mobilization) Rules, 2044 B.S. (1987 A.D.) & Amendments 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.); iii) Forest Regulations, 2051 B.S. (1995 A.D.); iv) Drinking Water Regulations, 2055 B.S. (1998 A.D.); v) Solid Waste Management Rules, 2070 B.S. (2013 A.D.) and vi) Labor Rules, 2075 B.S. (2018 A.D.) e) Directives, Guidelines & Manuals: i) National EIA Guidelines, 2049 B.S. (1993 A.D.); ii) Guidelines for Community Noise by WHO, 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.); iii) WHO Air Quality Guidelines, Global Update, 2061 B.S. (2005 A.D.); iv) National Noise Standard Guidelines, 2068 B.S. (2012 A.D.); v) Environment Friendly Local Governance Framework, 2070 B.S. (2013 A.D.); vi) WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Fourth Edition, 2073 B.S. (2017 A.D.); vii)

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

Working procedure for the use of national forest for national priority projects, 2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.)

6. All projects funded by the ADB must comply with the Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 to ensure that projects funded under ADB loan are environmentally sound, legally compliant, and safe. On the environment, the ADB Operations Manual, Bank Policy (OM Section F1/OP, 2010), underpins the SPS 2009. ADB’s Environmental Safeguards policy principles are defined in SPS (2009), Safeguard Requirements

Methodology

7. The methodology adopted to carry out this IEE study involves;

• Literature Review/ Desk Study: Relevant Maps & Reports including Feasibility Report, Final DEDR & DDR and other related published articles were reviewed to collect secondary information regarding the proposed project. • Impact Area Delineation: On the basis of literature review and field study, the Impact Area Delineation is carried out to determine the area of the project area affected by the proposed project activities. • Field Study: The field study was conducted to collect baseline information on physico-chemical, biological, and socio-economic conditions of the core and surroundings areas of the project town. • Stakeholder & Public Consultation: This has been carried out to acknowledge any kind of suggestions and to acquire the required information regarding the proposed project from the interested stakeholders. The information acquired was integrated in the identification of anticipated environmental impacts. • Impact Identification, Prediction & Evaluation Method: This method is carried out through simple checklist & questionnaire method and through professional judgement to determine adversity of the anticipated impacts. The study has followed the procedures outlined in the approved ToR and has covered the issues delineated therein.

Description of the Project 8. The project town covers partial wards of wards 4, 7, 8, 9, 11 & 12 of Kanchanrup Municipality. The proposed project intends to provide both water supply as well as saniation service. Hence, it comprises comprises both water supply as well as sanitation components which are as follows: i. Water Supply Components

9. The proposed system is divided into three sub systems namely Rupnagar, Kanchanpur and Dharampur. Each sub system already has the existing tube well however, they are not in operation except in Rupnagar system. Hence, the additional tube wells are added to augment the water in the existing system. Hence, this system can be considered as the augmentation of the existing water supply system.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

10. Sources/ Intakes: The study shows that the only reliable source available within the project area is Groundwater. The groundwater source has been used in the existing system also.The adequacy of the source will be measured after the drilling works will be accomplished. Saptakoshi River, Upstream of Chure Hills and Kheliya River would be the recharge of ground water. There is no other reliable source nearby the service area except ground water source. Similarly, there is no interference of these project activities into the Chure Hills as the project area is located at the foothills of Chure Range not within the Chure Range. 11. The details of the tube wells to be used for the proposed system are as follows:

Rupnagar: 1 no.of Existing and 2 nos New Kanchanpur: 1 no.of Existing and 2 nos New Dharampur: 1 no.of Existing and 2 nos New

12. Electrical System: The proposed project has three separate pumping station/ tube well site, which needs power for water extraction from deep tube well. The overhead transmission line already exists there but the poles are short, transformer sizes are inadequate to meet the demand for new system. Also their age and conditions could not be found. Hence, all the electrical systems are designed as new. Further, during implementation stage, the existing transformer will be tested. If they are in good condition, can be used in the new project. But, all electrical, transformer and generators are designed as new. It is envisaged that any two pump will run at a time. Accordingly, the transformer and other components are designed. 13. Transmission Main & Pumping: The length of transmission main for the first Rupnagar sub system will be 615m, second Kanchanpur sub system will be 740 m and third Dharampur sub system will be 920m. The total transmission pipe length from proposed tubewell to OHT/ GRVT reservoir of three sub-systems is 2275.00 m. At each sub system, DI 100mm and 150mm and GI 100mm dia is designed for each tube well. Submersible pumps of 3nos of each 40HP, 45HP and 12.5HP areproposed for Rupnagar, Kanchanpur and Dharampur sub systems. 14. Water Treatment Plant & Chlorination: Based upon the discussion with the community in the surrounding of the service area, the pressure filter has been proposed provisionally for the treatment process. The pressure filter is similar to rapid sand filter (RSF) however; its rate of filtration is higher than that of RSF and water here passes under pressure developed by pumping, greater than the atmospheric pressure. The pressure filters are found to be less efficient than rapid sand filters in terms of bacterial load, color and turbidity. However, its higher efficiency in the removal of Iron & Manganese from groundwater makes it suitable for this proposed project. Accordingly, the inlet outlet arrangement of each filter units together with necessary valve arrangements is provided in the detailed drawings. The bypass arrangement from filter inlet/ outlet is also provisioned for the repair and maintenance of the structures. 15. The bacteriological content and turbidity that cannot be completely removed by the proposed pressure filter will be treated by disinfection process by Chlorination or Dosing

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

System. The disinfection will be carried out by the addition of bleaching powder. Bleaching powder is to be dosed from chlorine dosing tank through a dosing pump. 16. Disinfection will be done before it is stored in the service reservoir OHT/GRVT. An emergency feeder line consisting of a solution tank connected with feeding tank having a constant level is proposed for the chlorination. Bleaching powder 10.95kg / day and 15.95kg / day required during base and design year respectively. After disinfection, some part of the lime will be settled at the bottom of the ground reservoir as residue. This residue shall be removed through washout. The washout pipe will be connected to the drain that requires about 450m long pipe. 17. Service Reservoir: The distribution system has been designed by using multi- reservoir concept which has also been adopted in the existing system of Kanchanrup. The whole system is divided into three sub systems. All reservoirs will supply the water in independent/ separate sub-service area. The service area has been separated due to topography of the town. The total storage requirement for the system at the end of the design period shall be about 850m3. This capacity will be divided into various reservoirs that will be constructed at various locations. There will be 1 no.-250m3 OHT (Newly Proposed) for Rupnagar System, 1 no.- 450m3 OHT (under construction) for Kanchanpur Sub Sytem and 1 no.-150m3 Ground RVT (Existing) for Dharampur Sub System. Dharampur RVT is about 320m away from the tube well site. Each reservoir supplies water to two DMA/ distribution system of each sub system. 18. Distribution Main and District Metering Area: The entire new distribution system has been designed by using DI and PE-100 pipe. The PE-100 pipes of outer dia 50mm to 225mm, DI 250 to 400mm inner dia have been used in the design. The minimum pipe size used in the design is PE100- 50mm, which governs the velocity. PE100 pipe above 4 kg/cm² pressure are proposed in the distribution network design as per technical requirement.The pipeline is designed by adding 10% extra length of actual one. The estimated distribution pipeline length is 122,906.00 m. The distribution system is designed in consideration with District Metering Area (DMA). Each DMA will have bulk meter to determine the flow into respective service area. These are 6 DMAs in service area to supply water from three sub system/ service reservoir. Each sub system has two DMAs. DMA boundary is fixed depending upon the elevation difference, location and easy for operation and maintenance. 19. Household Connections: Each household shall connect the tap to their household directly from the main distribution pipe. The average 15m length of 20mm dia. PE 100-PN16 pipe with compression joint, joined with GI fittings and valves up to meter for each HH connection. There will be 4,464 taps in the system during base year. Two types of tap stands have been designed for the project. In total, there will be 6,940 connection including 39 institutional connections during the design year. 20. Appurtenances: This consists of Bulkmeter, Wash out Valves, Air Valves, Check Valves,Overflow Valves, Control Valves, Pressure Relief Valves, SCAD Valves and Fire Hydrants. 21. Valve Chambers: Two type of Chambers have been proposed in the project to control or regulate the flow of the proposed water supply system. The chambers constructed by brick masonry have been provided in non-vehicular areas and rural area. In other vehicular carriageway and city area, chambers constructed with RCC has been provided. In total, there

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP are 179nos. pipe valve boxes and 36 washout/ air release/ control valve chambers designed in the distribution system. 22. Generator House: A Generator house will be constructed at each pumping stage and WTP site. The Generator will supply power mainly for pumps installed at various stages of pumps, when there is no regular power from NEA. Two generators at stage each will pump 50% of the demand. If one generator gets out of order, only one generator will be operated and supply 25% of water. 23. Laboratory Building cum WUSC Office Building, Guard House and Dosing House: A laboratory building cum WUSC office building has been designed and proposed to be built in Rupnagar sub system. Likewise, one guard house type -1 at Kanchanrup and 1 guard house type 2 Dharampur ground reservoir site are proposed. There are three dosing pump houses in the proposed system. The preliminary water quality test kits are arranged for regular water quality monitoring. The consition of the existing buildings at Rupnagar and Dharampur tube well site are good and will be used as guard house in the proposed project. Similarly, the existing building at Kanchanpur is old and will be used as a storehouse in the proposed project with necessary rehabilitation works. 24. Boundary Wall & Retaining Wall: The existing boundary wall at Rupnagar (tube well and OHT site), Kanchanpur (tube well and OHT site) and Dharampur (one tube well and GRVT site) will be used with minor maintenance works such as plastering works and painting works. If required, some length of this boundary wall shall be rehabilitated for Rupnagar and Kanchanpur. The metal post with chainlink fencing above brick masonry wall has been proposed to protect the structures. There is also provision of compound wall to safeguard the two tube wells of Dharampur sub system.

ii. Sanitation Components

25. The proposed project has provision of one institutional toilet with the purpose of the betterment of sanitation facilities in this project town. This also involves provision of one tractor for solid waste collection, which will promote awareness in disposing of solid waste properly and will control haphazard dumping of solid waste. These sanitation components will contribute towards the betterment of sanitation facilities in this area. These facilities also inculcate behavior of toilet use as well as of effective solid waste management among students and the public. Hence, the proposed project also will address basic sanitation issues through the provision of one institutional toilet and solid waste management.

Description of the Environment 26. This IEE study requires information on the existing environment of the project town to identify the susceptibility of the environmental aspects of the project town towards the anticipated environmental impacts of the proposed project. Regarding this, the secondary information of the existing environment was collected through literature review during desk study. However, the secondary information is not sufficient for IEE study. Hence, the field study was carried out to collect primary information on the existing environmental aspects. 27. Regarding this, details on various physical environmental aspects like Landforms & Topography, Geology & Soil, Water Resources, Climate, Air Quality, Acoustic Environment

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP and biological features like Flora, Fauna, Aquatic Life, Protected Areas & Community Forest Areas were collected through simple checklist, REA checklist, professional judgment and interaction with the locals & the concerned bodies during field study. No existence of protected areas as well as community forests within the project area was observed during the field study. 28. During field study, details on the socio-economic environment that includes Demographic Features, Caste/Ethnic Groups, Economic Features, Education & Skills and Community Infrastructures were also collected through simple questionnaire method followed by household survey and interaction with the locals.

Analysis of Alternatives 29. Analysis on the alternatives of the proposed project is another important process of IEE study that will help to assess the feasibility of the project in regard to technical, environmental & social aspects. Primarily, this involves two alternatives that include "Without Project" or "Do-nothing" Alternative and "With Project" Alternative. The limitation of "Without Project" Alternatives regarding continuous water supply system, treatment system and susceptibility to water borne diseases leads to opt for "With Project" Alternative. With Project Alternative has been analyzed by envisaging the likely benefits of the proposed project. The analysis shows that the proposed project is designed to provide convenient access to reliable, adequate, safe and potable water supply to 24,464 populations as per base year 2018 A.D. 30. As per Feasibility Study Report by PPTA team, the system design for the town has been done under two scenarios. The development of system alternatives in this proposed project has been done using alternate system layouts keeping other parameters constant. The analysis shows that there is no other reliable source nearby service area except groundwater. Hence, Groundwater is the only potential water source for the proposed project. The alternatives I and II are almost same except the provision of pressure filter for water treatment in alternative I. The alternative I and alternative II are almost same. The main difference between these two proposed alternatives is the provision of Pressure Filter for water treatment in alternative I which is not envisioned in alternative II. 31. Financially, alternative II is slightly economical than alternative I. The reason behind the increase in project cost in alternative I is due to inclusion of treatment plant design. The system without treatment facility may pose certain threats to the health of the beneficiaries in the future. Hence, despite of comparative increase in the project cost of alternative I, this alternative emphasizes on the health aspects of people through the provision of water treatment plant. The emphasis on the socioeconomic environment leads towards the selection of the alternative I as the best suitable option. Similarly, in terms of environmental point of view, both alternatives do not pose any significant environmental threats. Regarding technical, financial & environmental aspects, alternative I is recommended for further study though the cost is slightly higher than alternative II. 32. Here, during detailed engineering design, some changes are made in this selected alternative that includes addition of one more new tube well in each sub system, treatment capacity of the proposed pressure filter and capacity of the proposed submersible pumps

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation/Augmentation Measures

33. The analysis on the information collected during field study helps to identify and predict the likely environmental impacts that may result from the proposed project. These predicted impacts are then evaluated using Scoring matrix as per National EIA Guidelines, 1993 to determine the nature, extent and magnitude. This evaluation will further help to propose the appropriate mitigation measure for each impact. 34. The anticipated environmental impacts have been mainly categorized into two viz., Beneficial Impacts and Adverse Impacts on the basis of its negative and positive significance. This has been further categorized into four impacts that includes i) Impact on Physical Environment, ii) Impact on Biological Environment, iii) Impact on Chemical Environment and iv) Impact on Socio-economic Environment, based upon the effects on the existing environment. These impacts has been sub divided into three categories based upon the project phase that includes i) Design Phase, ii) Construction Phase and iii) Operation Phase. 35. Here, Beneficial Impacts includes Employment Generation, Skill Enhancement, Local Trade & Business Opportunities, Improved Health & Hygiene, Increased Economic Opportunity and Social Empowerment. Similarly, Adverse Impacts includes Traffic Interference, Soil Erosion & Land Surface Disturbances, Spoil Disposal, Noise Pollution, Impacts on Air Quality, Surface Water Quality, Generation of Solid Waste & Waste water from the construction site & worker's camp, Accidental Leakage or Spillage of Stored Fuel/Chemicals, Land Use Pattern, Haphazard Disposal of Dismantled Debris, Land Subsidence, Impacts on Flora & Fauna, Impact on Aquatic Life, Impact on Protected Areas, Impact on Water Quality of nearby rivers, Structural Failure, Workers & Community Health & Safety Hazards, and Damage to the Existing Utilities & Facilities, Traffic Congestion, Public Protests, Disruption to Local Vendor's Business, Disturbance to the Institutions & Interference from School Kids, Mobilization of Child Labor, Occupational Health & Safety Hazards, Delivery of Unsafe Water, Complications in water distribution system, Impact on Sustainability of Works and Non sustainability of Services or Completed Works. 36. The mitigation & augmentation measures for each & every adverse as well as beneficial impacts mentioned above have been proposed. If these proposed mitigation measures are effectively implemented, no such significant environmental problems have to be encountered during the construction & operation period of the proposed project. Likewise, various suitable augmentation measures have also been proposed to maximize the anticipated beneficial impacts.

Information Disclosure, Consultation & Participation 37. Stakeholder Consultation and Community Participation is an essential process in project preparation. It is the process of engaging stakeholders and affected people. This process involves Key Informant interviews, On-site discussions with WUSC, and Random Field Interviews of stakeholders. Prior to the stakeholder's consultation, stakeholder analysis and mapping of stakeholders were carried out to identify the potential stakeholders and their roles towards the implementation of the project. The potential stakeholders were then involved in consultation to disseminate information related to the project, to collect their views & suggestions and to prioritize their concerns regarding the project. This will continue

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP throughout the implementation of the projects and operation period. To facilitate the stakeholder consultation, PMO & ICG will maintain good communication and collaboration with WUSC and the Municipality.

Grievance Redress Mechanism 38. The Project-specific grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is also an essential process of the IEE study, which is meant for persons seeking satisfactory resolution to their complaints on the social and environmental performance of the projects under STWSSSP. The mechanism, developed in consultation with key stakeholders, will ensure the following mentioned points;

• the basic rights and interests of every person adversely affected by the social and environmental performance of a Project are protected; and • their concerns are effectively and timely addressed

39. This GRM involves setting up the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) at the municipality level. The GRC will comprise of the following mentioned members:

i. WUSC Secretary; ii. RPMO Engineer; iii. RPMO social /environmental (as relevant) officer, iv. Representative of affected persons, v. RDSMC’s safeguards specialist (social/environment as relevant), vi. Representative of reputable and relevant CBO/SHG/organization working in the project area as invitee1 , and vii. Contractor’s representative Environmental Management Plan 40. Preparation and Implementation of the environmental management plan (EMP) is another essential process of the IEE study. The main purpose of EMP is to ensure that the activities are undertaken in a responsible and non-detrimental manner. Similarly, the other objectives of EMP are as follows:

• providing a proactive, feasible, and practical working tool to enable the measurement and monitoring of environmental performance on-site; • guiding and controlling the implementation of findings and recommendations of the environmental assignment conducted for the project; • detailing specific actions deemed necessary to assist in mitigating the environmental impacts of the project and in enhancing beneficial impacts; and • ensuring that safety recommendations are complied with.

41. The total estimated local level monitoring and mitigation cost for the project is NRs. 1,000,000.00.

1 If the complaints are related with IP/Dalits/other vulnerable groups, specific NGO/CBO that actively involved in development of these communities shall be involved.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup UWSSP

Monitoring & Reporting 42. PMO & RPMO will be responsible for environmental monitoring & reporting. RPMO will monitor and measure the progress of EMP implementation. RPMO will submit a monthly monitoring and implementation reports to PMO, who will take follow-up actions, if necessary. PMO will submit semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB. ADB will review project performance against the MoWS's commitments as agreed in the legal documents. ADB will monitor projects on an ongoing basis until a project completion report is issued. Along with this, Ministry of Water Supply (MoWS) as well as Ministry of Forests & Environment (MoFS) under Government of Nepal will also undertake monitoring process through random field visits to review the project performance.

Conclusion 43. In conclusion, the IEE study shows that the proposed project is not an environmentally critical undertaking. The proposed project, its components, are not within or adjacent to environmentally sensitive areas. The few adverse impacts of high magnitude during construction will be temporary and short-term (i.e., most likely to occur only during peak construction periods). The proposed project will bring about the following mentioned benefits: i. the benefits of easy access to reliable supply of safe and potable drinking water water; ii. promotion of good hygiene and sanitation practices and reduced health and safety risks as positive impacts; and iii. enhanced community health, improved quality of life and safe communities as outcomes.

44. The study shows that there are no such significant negative impacts of the proposed project, and the classification of the project as Category “B” is confirmed as per ADB. As per EPR 2077 B.S. (2020 A.D), there is no requirement of IEE as the schedule 2 (Pertaining to Rule 3) - (Clause H-8) of EPR 2077 B.S. states that IEE is required for the projects that supplies water to the population ranging from 50,0000 to 200,000. Here, the proposed project supplies water to 37,822 populations only. Hence, this project does not fall under the criteria of GoN that has been set for the IEE requirement. 45. The classification of the Kanchanrup Water Supply & Sanitation Project as "Category B" is confirmed, no further special study or detailed EIA needs to be undertaken and people of Kanchanrup Municipality will get rid of water shortage problems that they have been experiencing for decades.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Name and Address of the Individual Institution Preparing the Report

i. Name of the Proposal

1. The Name of the Proposal is Kanchanrup Water Supply & Sanitation Project

ii. Name and Address of the Proponent

2. The Project proponent, the Urban Water Supply and Sanitation (Sector) Project (UWSSSP) of the Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Management (DWSSM) is the proponent (Implementing Agency). The Ministry of Water Supply (MoWS), Government of Nepal, is the approval agency.

Name of Proponent

Project Management Office Urban Water Supply and Sanitation (Sector) Project Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Management Ministry of Water Supply Government of Nepal

Address of the Proponent:

Panipokhari, Kathmandu Tel: 977 1 442388, 977 1 4412348 Fax: 977 1 4413280 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.uwsssp.gov.np/www.sstwsssp.gov.np

Name of the Approval Agency:

Ministry of Water Supply Government of Nepal iii. Consultant Preparing the Report

TAEC Consult P Ltd. / Integrated Consultants Nepal (P) Ltd. JV Shankhamul, Kathmandu Tel: 977 1 5242846 Fax: 977 1 5242553 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.taecconsult.com.np

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

B. Background

3. Prior to three prjects (STWSSSP), (SSTWSSSP) & TSTWSSSP, currently, ADB and GoN are working together to provide water supply and sanitation services to selected urban municipalities of Nepal through Urban Water Supply Sanitation (Sector) Project (UWSSSP) in accordance with the updated 15-year Development Plan for Small Towns and the National Urban Development Strategy. The Project will support Nepal in expanding access to community managed water supply & sanitationin 20 project municipalities by drawing on experiences and lessons from three earlier projects funded by ADB. UWSSSP will be implemented over a five- year period (indicative implementation period is 2018 to 2023) and will be supported through ADB financing using a sector lending approach. This project has the following outputs: i) Improved Water Supply and Sanitation Infrastructure in Project Municipalities and ii) Strengthened Instittutional and Community Capacities.

4. Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Management (DWSSM) is the implementing agency whereas the Ministry of Water Supply is the executing agency. The project will assist in implementing a part of the 15-year Development Plan for Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Development in the country and about 20 Small Towns will be covered by this project.

5. In this context, the Eastern Regional Design Supervision and Management Consultants (ERDSMC), joint venture of TAEC Consultants P. Ltd. and Integrated Consultants Nepal (P.) Ltd. has been assigned to provide services on detailed design of seven towns namely; Birendranagar (Chitwan), Katahariya (Rauthat), Lalbandi (Sarlahi), Katari (Udaipur), Diktel (Khotang), Bhojpur Bazaar (Bhojpur) and Charikot (Dolakha) Town Projects. In addition, Ilam (Ilam), Brihat Bhanu (Tanahun), Kanchanrup (Kavre), Kanchanrup (Saptari), Rampurtar (Okhaldhunga) and Deurali Hopse ( Nawalpur) are assigned for the preparation of DEDR report.

6. The project has many stakeholders such as the WUSC, Project Management Office/ DWSSM, DRTAC, Town Development Fund (TDF), and Regional Design Supervision and Management Consultants (RDSMCs), RPMO. There is a need for effective co-ordination among the various stakeholders. In this context, the consulting team especially the major members of the Consultants’ Team including the Team Leader, socio-economist and design engineer responsible for detailed design has been responsible for maintaining co-ordination with all the stakeholders involved in the project.

7. Both the GoN and ADB policies require that the environmental implications of individual developments needs to be taken into account in the planning and decision-making process, and that action is taken to reduce the adverse impacts to acceptable levels. This is done through the environmental assessment process,

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

which has become an integral part of lending operations and Project development and implementation.

C. Sub Project Selection Criteria Based on Environmental Assessment and Review Framework

8. This EARF has been prepared in accordance with ADB SPS and Government of Nepal Environment Protection Act (EPA) 2019 and Environment Protection Rules (EPR) 2020. This EARF will provide guidance on subproject selection, screening and categorization, information disclosure and consultation, assessment, planning, institutional arrangement, and processes to be followed in the formulation and implementation of subprojects during project implementation. The proposed project has strictly followed the criteria mentioned in EARF. The Table I-I given below depicts the complaince matrix of the subproject selection criteria as per EARF.

Table I-I: Compliance Matrix on the subproject selection criteria in the EARF Sub Sub project Subproject Selection Compliance Remarks project Components Criteria Status A. General Criteria Water Raw Water • Necessary agreement and Complied Please refer Annex J that Supply Extraction approval have been obtained includes in accordance with relevant Recommendation Letter laws and regulations provided by the municipality office about the decision made for the provision of land for the construction of project components. This letter also includes the information regarding the approval given to use the existing as well as the proposed DTW as a source of water for the proposed project. • Detailed investigations (e.g. Complied • As per Chapter 3 of Vol hydrogeological surveys, bore I (Final DEDR),the tests, etc.) are carried out to field investigation has confirm adequate and been carried out that sustainable yield is available shows that the proposed from the proposed source for tube well sites are supply of minimum 100lpcd. stable. There is no dispute in the tube well site, pipeline alignment and structure locations. • The final DEDR also mentions that the discharge from the ground water source can only be confirmed after test boring. However, it is known

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Sub Sub project Subproject Selection Compliance Remarks project Components Criteria Status that the existing tubewell is implemented by Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office(WSSDO), Saptari The depth of existing tube well at Rupnagar 138m, Kanchanrup 125m and Dharampur 130m. It is expected that the required flow of about 55.38lps (72.2lps pumping 20 hours per day including filter backwash etc) will be available from total six deep tubewells. • Water quality test of the Complied • As per the final proposed source is carried out engineering design to ensure and confirm it meets report, during field National Drinking Water visit, none of the deep Quality Guidelines tube well of the (NDWQG). Water source with existing systems are in arsenic levels above the operation. Hence, it national standards will not be was not possible to selected. If small traces of take sample from any arsenic (below the national of those existing tube standards) have been detected, wells. Instead of this, testing for arsenic will be the water quality test conducted once a month for sample has been taken the duration of 3 months. from the shallow tube Arsenic Test results will be well/ handpump of the submitted to ADB for review private household of before the water source is Rupnagar service area developed for drinking only to get the purposes. information of the quality of water consumed by the community at present and to make them aware about the need of proposed new improved water supply system. This test was carried out just to represent the whole service area, however, this test will not represent the quality of water to be used by the proposed new system as the new system will extract water from the deep tube well through deep aquifer.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Sub Sub project Subproject Selection Compliance Remarks project Components Criteria Status • The test report (Annex L) shows that the water sample has arsenic content within the prescribed standard. It is well known that deep tube well is less prone to the risk of contamination including arsenic content too in comparison to the shallow tube well. That means deep tube well is reliable, better quality and safer than the shallow tube well in any parameter. Hence, it is envisaged that the pressure filter will be enough for the proposed system. • As per final DEDR, during project implementation, water quality test will be carried out and test report will be submitted accordingly to ADB. Water Intake • Located at least 30m upstream Complied Supply - deep tube of any sanitation facilities. wells Where this cannot be - borehole well maintained, the design and - surface water implementation will ensure intake structure that (i) septic tanks will be sealed to make them water tight and emptied as per the design requirements • Intake of the source is; (ii) Complied appropriate borehole case and screen are installed; and (iii) a test pit is established, and water quality monitoring is conducted regularly (at least once every quarter) Water reservoirs • Infrastructure, such as OHT, Complied As per design report, the such as GLSR, etc. will be located proposed OHT has been overhead tanks considering high flood level in designed and located (OHT), ground floodplains considering high flood level service level in floodplains reservoirs (GLSR), etc.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Sub Sub project Subproject Selection Compliance Remarks project Components Criteria Status Water pipes All pipes are designed to be Complied All the proposed constructed underground. pipelines have been proposed to be laid underground. Water treatment No WTP is established in Complied The pressure filters have plant floodplains been proposed within (WTP) OHT premises and these locations are not in the floodplains.

Sanitation Public Toilets Located in, or adjacent to, a Complied Durga Primary School (Institutional frequently used public area on the located in ward no. 11 of Toilet in regard WUA or municipality land with Kanchanrup Municipality to this project) no or minimum involuntary has been selected for the resettlement/ social impacts construction of the proposed Institutional toilet. This area is well protected and the school administration has also provided approval letter (Please refer Annex J) in regard to the provision of the land for the construction of Institutional toilet that also includes assurance of septage management by the school itself. If the municipality doesn’t have Not applicable The school has adequate capacity, the WUA has committed to manage the agreed to manage the public toilet institutional toilet by (institutional toilet) on behalf of itself in the letter the municipality until the attached in Annex J. municipality has adequate However, WUSC also capacity should carry out regular monitoring after the construction of this toilet. Septic tanks will be designed as Complied As per design report, the per national standards and codes septic tank has been to allow for maximum retention designed as per national of septage (minimum 3 years) standards and codes. and water sealing. Toilets will be established at least Complied The area of the school 30m downstream of the drinking where the proposed water source, and not in institutional toilet will be floodplains or flood prone areas. constructed, is not Where this cannot be maintained, located in floodplains or the design and implementation flood prone areas. will ensure that (i) septic tanks of Similarly, it will not the toilets will be sealed to make interfere the drinking them water tight and emptied as water source also. per the design requirements; (ii) appropriate borehole case and screen are installed; and (iii) a test pit is established, and water quality monitoring is conducted regularly (at least once every

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Sub Sub project Subproject Selection Compliance Remarks project Components Criteria Status quarter).

An O&M plan is developed Complied All the responsibilities of providing details on the O & M of the proposed frequency and responsibility for institutional toilet belong collection and disposal of septage to WUSC. As per letter at approved site, and commitment attached in Annex J, the to provide minimum operational school administration has staff and operate the facilities committed to manage the sustainably is given by WUAs or toilet by them. However, municipalities. regular monitoring by WUSC is necessary. Hygiene promotion campaign Complied This type of awareness and educational program is programs is included developed to promote open under capacity building defecation free (ODF) in the programs. towns, and WUA or municipality commits to implementing it. B. Specific Environment Safeguard Criteria General All subprojects not directly affect Complied Annex A-Rapid environmentally protected areas, Environmental core zones of Assessment Checklist biosphere reserves, highly valued and No Mitigation cultural property Scenario for Kanchanrup WSSP not be located in the following Complied Annex A-Rapid ecologically sensitive areas: Environmental wildlife/bird sanctuaries, national Assessment Checklist for parks, tiger reserves, elephant Kanchanrup Water reserves, conservation reserves, Supply & Sanitation core zone of biosphere reserves, Project centrally protected monuments or critical habitat (as defined in ADB Safeguard Policy Statement or SPS); not be deemed highly complex Complied As per Table II-VII, no and sensitive in accordance with such complexity and ADB sensitivity has been SPS observed.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Sub Sub project Subproject Selection Compliance Remarks project Components Criteria Status not cause damage/destruction, Complied Annex A-Rapid removal, alteration or defacement Environmental of adjacent or nearby Assessment Checklist for structures/monuments and sites Kanchanrup Water of international, national and Supply & Sanitation local Project significance. Subprojects with component activities near (within 50 m from) such sites shall have prior coordination with the Department of Archaeology Only involve activities that Complied The proposed project follow all applicable government activities follow the laws, rules concerned government and regulations laws, rules and regulations which has been described briefly in the Table II-I

Not include and/or involve any Complied This has already been activities listed in ADB’s considered during Prohibited Investment Activities screening process. List (Annex 5 of ADB SPS). These activities do not qualify for ADB’s financing Reflect inputs from Complied Various decisions public consultations regarding the proposed project have been made through various meetings. The minutes of these programs is attached in Annex J.

Corresponding initial Complied IEE has been carried out environmental examinations considering all the ADB (IEEs) prepared in requirements The IEE accordance with this report has been prepared environmental assessment and accordingly. review framework (EARF) and Safeguard Requirements 1 of ADB SPS; identified all the key potential environmental and social impacts and risks; and incorporated effective measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate of compensate for the adverse impacts into an environmental management plan (EMP) and project design.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Sub Sub project Subproject Selection Compliance Remarks project Components Criteria Status Water Water Construct, operate and maintain Complied The proposed WTP has Supply supply system the water treatment facility been designed as per in national accordance with requirements and national internationally accepted requirements and internationally standards to meet accepted standards to meet national water quality national water quality standards standards or, in their or, in their absence, World Health absence, World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines Organization (WHO) for Drinking Water Quality Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality.

Ensure road access to water Complied As per Final DEDR, treatment plant, pumping stations there is provision of and reservoirs/tanks for approach road to the operations and maintenance proposed site. activities

Raw water Extract raw water from source Complied As per Final DEDR, the extraction that can sustain the: (i) quantity proposed groundwater needed to meet demand during source has plenty of the planned service period even discharge to meet the during climate change-induced design demand. The drought events without adversely study also shows that the affecting other beneficial uses of groundwater will be the resource and downstream recharged by the users. surrounding river namely Kheliya river/ khola, small tributaries and large Saptakoshi River nearby. Surface flooding for irrigation in paddy fields of the project area has significant contribution to ground water recharge in the project area. Similarly, as per final DEDR, the groundwater will be extracted from deep tube well (DTW). DTWs are drilled far enough that drought events will not affect them.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Sub Sub project Subproject Selection Compliance Remarks project Components Criteria Status Intake Tube well sites and/or surface Complied The boundary wall - deep tube water intake locations will be protects each tube well wells fenced or have security provided sites. - borehole well to them - surface water intake structure For any tree to be cut, consider Not applicable No trees exist at the tube replacement of 1:25 well area. Water reservoirs For any tree to be cut, consider Not applicable No trees will be cut such as replacement of 1:25 except some clearing of overhead bushes tanks (OHT), ground level service reservoirs (GLSR), etc Water pipes For any tree to be cut, consider Not applicable No trees will be cut replacement of 1:25 except some clearing of bushes Will not involve use or Complied The proposed project installation of asbestos cement involves only DI, PE & pipes GI Pipes. Water Include sludge management plan Complied EMP has considered this treatment plant aspect. (WTP) Locations will be fenced or have Complied There is provision of security provided to them boundary wall and the cost has been included in BoQ. Include in the operation and Complied EMP has considered this maintenance manual the aspect and similarly, allowable Annex K includes this maximum quantity of chlorine aspect. that can be stored on-site at water treatment plants and/or chlorinator facilities. Avoid noise impact due to pump Complied EMP has considered this and diesel generators operations aspect. by locating minimum of 50 m away from any premises used by people (house, shops). Store chemicals and fuel in Complied EMP has considered this appropriate tanks or containers, aspect. and regularly inspect them for wear or damage. Store chemical waste and used chemical products in a secure location, away from the well and dispose any product in an environmentally friendly manner. Source: EARF, 2018 and IEE Study 2018/019

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

D. Project Area Description

9. The Project area of Kanchanrup Water Supply & Sanitation Project lies in Kanchanrup Municipality, Saptari District, a terai district in the Province 2 of Nepal. The municipality lies between 26.64° Latitude and 86.91° Longitude. The town lies in the west from the famous river Saptakoshi River.

10. The town, Kanchanrup is about 309km away towards east from the capital city, Kathmandu of Nepal passing through BP highway from Kathmandu and 20km from District headquarter Rajbiraj, Saptari. Similarly, distance Saptakoshi Bridge to Kanchanpur chowk 7km at E-W highway and Kanchanpur E-W highway to Rupnagar 4km.

11. The climate of the project area is lower tropical temperate climate with dry in winter and warm in summer. There are several rain gauge station and climatological station in Saptari district. The nearest climatological station no 1212 at Phattepur, 1223 at Rajbiraj and rainfall station 1226 at Barmajhiya are situated in Saptari district. The required data from this station is used for the project. The temperature ranges from 33°C to 36°C during summer and 23°C to -1°C during winter. The mean monthly temperature is 24.9°C. The temperature ranges from 11.66°C to 24.9°C. The average mean annual rainfall is 1,000 mm, which is slightly less than 1400 mm, the average precipitation of Nepal.

12. Dharampur & Rupnagar are the local market centers in this area. This project town is famous for mangoes. The main cash crop of Kanchanrup is Sugarcane, Potato, Chilly, Tropical Fruits, Garlic, Turmeric, Paddy, Fish and other seasonal vegetables and food crops are Maize, Wheat etc.

13. The figure given below depicts the location of the proposed project area:

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Figure I-I: Location Map of the Project Area

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

14. This figure I-I shows that the project area belongs to Kanchanrup Municipality of Saptari District of Province 2 of Nepal. The project town is bounded by Saptakoshi Municipality in the north, Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve in the north east, Hanumannagar Kankaini Municipality in the south, Tirahut Rural Municipality in the south west, Agnisair Krishna Savaran Rural Municipality in the west and Chaudandigadhi Municipality of Udaypur District in the North West. The project area lies in the west from Saptakoshi River. Out of 12 wards of the project town, the proposed project area covers partial areas of wards 4, 7, 8, 9 & 12.

15. The project town was declared as Municipality by the Government of Nepal, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development from Council of Ministers on May 8, 2014 by merging nine VDCs around that includes Baramjhiya, Badgama, Theliya, Jagatpur, Kanchanpur, Pipra (Purba), Rupnagar, Dharampur and Dhodhanpur. This is further reformed into new municipality by merging other two VDCs namely Bairawa and Bakdhuwa with total 12 wards covering 143.33 sq. km. area on March 5, 2017. The final reformed municipality details is as follows:

Table I-II:Kanchanrup Municipality Ward Profile Present Ward Former VDC/Municipality Former Ward No. Municipality 1 Bairawa VDC WN 1 to 9 2 Barmajhiya VDC WN 3 to 6 Badgama VDC WN 5 & 6 3 Barmajhiya VDC WN 1,2 7 to 9 Theliya VDC WN 7 4 Jagatpur VDC WN 1 to 9 5 Pipra Purba VDC WN 1 to 9 6 Dhodhanpur VDC WN 1 to 6 7 Dharampur VDC WN 1 to 5 Dhodhanpur VDC WN 7 & 8 8 Kanchanpur VDC WN 1 to 9 9 Rupnagar VDC WN 5, 6, 8 & 9 Dharmapur VDC WN 6, 7 & 9 10 Badgama VDC WN 1 to 4 and 7 to 9 11 Theliya VDC WN 1 to 6 & 8 to 9 12 Rupnagar VDC WN 1 to 4 & 7 Dharampur VDC WN 8 Dhodhanpur VDC WN 9 Source: Kanchanrupmun.gov.np

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

E. Purpose of the IEE

16. The main purpose of IEE is to ensure the environmental sustainability of the project, to integrate environmental considerations into the project preparation process and to manage the environment during project implementation. All projects funded by ADB must comply with the Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 to ensure that projects are environmentally sound, designed to operate in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements, and are not likely to cause significant environmental, health, or safety hazards. The rapid environmental assessment using ADB’s REA Checklist and Scoping Checklist has indicated that the Subproject is a Category B undertaking, requiring an IEE. On the GoN side, the statutory requirement that has to be adhered is the Environment Protection Act (2019), and Environment Protection Rules (2020). Based on EPR Schedule 1, the Subproject is within the threshold of activities under the water supply and sanitation sector that will require an IEE. This IEE fulfills the policy requirements of both ADB and GoN.

17. The IEE Report primarily:

i. Provides information on the Subproject and its environmental requirements; ii. Provides the baseline physical, ecological, cultural and socioeconomic environments and resources in and surrounding the Subproject’s area of influence; iii. Identifies and assesses potential environmental impacts arising from the implementation of the Subproject; iv. Recommends measures to avoid, mitigate, and compensate the adverse impacts; v. Presents information on stakeholder consultations and participation during Subproject preparation vi. Recommends a mechanism to address grievances vii. Includes an environmental management plan.

F. Need for the Project

18. There is no treatment plant in existing systems. The water is directly distributed to few households in the town through overhead / ground reservoir depending upon the elevation of the RVT location. The system is under construction phase, where the extensive activities have to be added. The electro-mechanical works such as pumps are oversized or expected to extract more water from one tube well. The transformer size is also not enough to run the existing pumps.

19. It has also been reported that all the households use same source of water for all purposes as drinking, cooking, bathing, washing clothes, watering in kitchen garden etc.

20. Considering the water demand and condition of the existing system, there is a need of the proposed project to improve the existing water supply situation within the proposed service area to meet the growing demand for private connections, to make drinking water available to the people of service area throughout the year and to provide easy access to safe & reliable water supply service.

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G. Rationale of the Project and IEE

Rationale of the Project

21. The rationale of the project is based on the increasing demand of the reliable project, hardship of people for safe drinking water, willingness to pay, affordability, public health impacts, policy committments and various other aspects.

Rationale of the IEE

22. The IEE study for the proposed project is needed to be carried out from the environmental point of view as per EPA 2076 B.S. (2019 A.D.) and EPR 2077 B.S. (2020 A.D.) and as per ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. Our study shows that the proposed project falls below the criteria stated in Schedule 2 (Pertaining to Rule 3) - (Clause H) of EPR, 2077 B. S. (2020 A.D.) for water supply sector projects that emphasizes the requirement of IEE. Hence, as per GoN criteria, there is no requirement of IEE for the proposed project. However, as per ADB criteria, IEE requires to be carried out.

23. As per Environment Categorization mentioned under General Requirements of ADB SPS 2009, the proposed project falls under Category B. SPS 2009 defines that “A proposed project is classified as Category B if its potential adverse environmental impacts are less adverse than those of Category A projects. These impacts are site specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases, mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for “Category A” projects. An initial environmental examination is required”. The screening process reflects the significance of potential impacts or risks and helps to identify that the proposed project fulfills the criteria of Category B Projects.

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II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

24. The IEE study has followed the necessary policy, legal and adminstrative framework which are describe below:

A. Nepal’s Environmental Policy, Legal & Administrative Framework

Constitution of Nepal

25. The Constitution of Nepal is the fundamental law of Nepal.

• Article 30 (1) of the Constitution of Nepal guarantees a ‘’clean environment’’ as a fundamental right, and elaborates that ‘’every citizen shall have the right to live in a clean and healthy environment”.

• Article 30 (3) of the constitution also encourages the state to formulate necessary legal frameworks to balance environment and development.

• Article 35 (4) of the constitution states that “Every citizen shall have the right of access to clean drinking water and sanitation”.

26. Beside this, the Government of Nepal has passed a series of environmental laws, policies and implementing regulations and standards. Among these, the basic legislations that provide the framework within which environmental assessment is carried out in Nepal are the:

Environmental Protection Act, 2076 B.S. (2019 A.D.)

27. The Parliament enacted the Environment Protection Act, 2076 B.S. (2019 A.D.) (the “Act”) on July 19th, 2019. As a result, the earlier Environment Protection Act, 2053 B.S. (the “1997, Act”) is now repealed.

28. One of the main features of the Act in contrast to the 1997 Act, is that it mandates several compliances to Project Developers while developing a Proposal of a Project, to ensure that the implementation of the Project does not harm the environment.

29. The 1997 Act, mandated a project developer to only comply with Initial Environment Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment. As per the present Act, a Project Developer needs to comply with the following compliances while developing a Project:

30. Environmental Study Report - is to be prepared prior to initiation of the Proposal, depending on the Proposal, and includes the following:

• Summary Environmental Study (environmental study report in short) • Initial Environment Examination (examination of the possible impact on the environment and measures to mitigate it) or • Environmental Impact Assessment (assessment of possible impact on the environment and solutions that can be opted)

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31. This EPA:

• sets out the review and approval process of Environmental Study Reports, that involve informing and consulting stakeholders; • stipulates that no one is to create pollution that would cause significant adverse impacts on the environment or harm to public life and health, or to generate pollution beyond the prescribed standards; • specifies for the Ministry in charge of environment (currently the MoFE) to conduct inspection of approved projects to ensure that pollution prevention, control or mitigation is carried out according to the approved Environmental Study Report; • provides for the protection of objects and places of national heritage and places with rare plants, wildlife and biological diversity; and • states that any person/party affected by pollution or adverse environmental impact caused by anybody may apply to the prescribed authority for compensation to be recovered from the polluter/pollution generator.

Environmental Protection Rules, 2077 B.S. (2020A.D.)

32. The government has made public the Environment Protection Rules (EPR) 2077 B.S. (2020 A.D.) on 15 June, 2020. This EPR has also repealed EPR 2054 B.S. (1997 A.D.). The brief environmental study (BES) report is an addition in this EPR 2020.

33. Environmental Protection Rules (EPR), 2077 B.S. (2020 A.D.) defines the implementing rule and regulations of the IEE/EIA process, elaborating the provisions in the EPA, 2076 B.S. (2019 A.D.).

34. This EPR obliges the proponent to prepare ToR as per the format prescribed in Schedule 6, 7 & 8 for BES, IEE & EIA respectively.

35. The preparation, review and approval of IEE and EIA Reports are dealt with in Rules 3 to 9 and 12 to 13. Schedules 1, 2 & 3 list down the projects of activities that require BES, IEE and EIA, respectively and the proponent will proceed for preparing BES, IEE or EIA reports as mentioned in EPR.

36. As per EPR 2077, the proposed project does not require IEE because The schedule 2 (Pertaining to Rule 3) - (Clause H-8) of EPR 2077 B.S. states that IEE is required for the projects that supplies water to the population ranging from 50,0000 to 200,000. Here, the proposed project supplies water to 37,822 populations only.

37. However, as per ADB requirement, the project requires IEE and for this, it is necessary to review other environmental policies, laws, rules, conventions & standards that provide general context in the environmental assessment of water supply & sanitation works. They are presented in the table given below:

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Table II-I:Other Relevant Environmental Act, Rules, Plan, Policies, and Guidelines of Nepal Act/ Rule Policy/Law/Guidelines Year Relevant Provisions Remarks i) Plans, Policies & Strategies

National Environmental Policy & Action Plan 2050 B.S. (1993 A.D.) Of its five objectives, most relevant to the Project are to (i) • The subproject will not encroach (NEPAP) mitigate adverse environmental impacts; and (ii) safeguard any physical & cultural heritage national & cultural heritage & preserve biodiversity, within & areas and will not affect outside protected areas. biodiversity. • EMP provides measures to mitigate anticipated adverse impacts. Water Resources Strategy 2059 B.S. (2002 A.D.) Among the ten strategic outputs of this strategy, third output This provision will strengthen focuses on Adequate Supply of and access to potable water and implementation capacity for the sanitation & hygiene awareness provided. proposed project. Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sectoral 2060 B.S. (2004 A.D.) • This action plan has proposed "Environmental Aspects" as one Though this action plan has main Strategic Action Plan (Unofficial Translation) of its major components. focus on rural areas and the proposed • This underscores the environmental aspects of all levels of plans project is for urban area, the IEE and their implementation and consolidates them according to study has duly followed this strategic rules & policies to ensure the execution of development works. action plan as a reference. Rural Water Supply and Sanitation National 2060 B.S. (2004 A.D.) Recognizes that all people have a right to access to basic water The proposed project ensures easy Policy and Rural Water Supply and Sanitation supply and sanitation services and that these services are access to safe, reliable & potable National Strategy necessary for socio economic development and to combat water. waterborne diseases National Water Plan 2062 B.S. (2005 A.D.) • This includes subsector-wise action programmes in water This has been considered in IEE study induced disasters, environmental action plan on management of watershed and aquatic ecosystem, water supply, sanitation and hygiene, irrigation for agriculture, hydropower development, industries, tourism, fisheries, and navigational uses, water- related information systems (Decision Support System for River Basin Planning and Management), legal frameworks, and institutional mechanisms • This also includes Environment Management Plan, a strategic document for the implementation of environmental protection measures (including downstream water pollution and groundwater quality, erosion/landslide and sedimentation, water pollution and sanitation, effect on aquatic life and wetland ecosystem), monitoring (baseline, impacts, and compliance), environmental auditing and institutional and

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Act/ Rule Policy/Law/Guidelines Year Relevant Provisions Remarks procedural arrangements. National Urban Policy 2063 B.S. (2007 A.D.) The policy gives importance to environment conservation while The IEE study will meet the carrying out urban development works and natural resource use; provisions of this policy.

thus, supporting the required environmental conservation and protection in donor-assisted development projects. National Urban Water Supply & Sanitation 2065 B.S. (2009 A.D.) The Policy requires the IEE or EIA of proposed WSS projects by The IEE study will meet the Sector Policy, the EPA/EPR to (i) incorporate consultations with key provisions of this policy. stakeholders, including endpoint users; & (ii) specify measures to mitigate environmental impacts before, during construction & operation, as well as corrective measures. Updated 15-yr Development Plan for Small 2066 B.S. (2009 A.D. The Plan emphasizes monitoring and evaluation as an important EMP prescribes performance Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector and Amendments in 2015 component of a project to determine the overall impact of a monitoring & evaluation to minimize A.D project. the anticipated environmental impacts. National Water Supply & Sanitation Policy 2071 B.S. (2014 A.D.) One of the main objectives of this policy is to reduce urban and The proposed project is also (Draft) rural poverty by ensuring equitable socio-economic development, committed to provide safe, potable, improving health and the quality of life of the people and reliable and adequate water supply protection of environment through the provision of sustainable service and to provide sanitation water supply & sanitation service service through construction of public toilets. Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and 2015 • Contribute to overall development of the nation and its citizens There is no issue of any kind of Resettlement Policy by creating a conducive environment for implementation of Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation infrastructure development projects and Resettlement in this project. • Facilitate timely execution (completion) of development projects by minimizing adverse impacts on economic, social and cultural aspects of affected families/people and the project area • Improve social and economic status of project-affected families by providing fair and adequate compensation, appropriate resettlement and rehabilitation assistances/ allowances. Land Use Policy 2072 B.S. (2015 A.D.) • The strategy 3 of Policy 2 has taken into account to maintain a The proposed project will maintain balance between physical infrastructure development and balance between construction environment. activities and environmental aspects • The strategy 3 of Policy 10 focusses on adoption of principle of the project town. of sustainable development in view of the impact of climate

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Act/ Rule Policy/Law/Guidelines Year Relevant Provisions Remarks change during any construction and/or development works in order to keep balance between land, environment and development. Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve and Its Buffer 2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.) • The vision statement for this plan is to conserve biological The IEE study has duly followed this Zone Management Plan, 1st Revision, (2074/75- diversity and maintain ecological integrity of the Koshi Tappu plan to incorporate the concerned 2078/79) Wildlife Reserve details of the reserve and buffer zone areas as per requirement. National Urban Development Strategy 2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.) • This strategy assesses the existing conditions of infrastructures, The IEE study has duly followed environment, economy and governance, establishes this. benchmarks and desirable standards. • It identifies prioritized strategic initiatives for investment in infrastructure and environment to realize the comparative advantages of urban areas. National Land Policy 2075 B.S. (2019 A.D.) • The vision of this policy is Sustainable Land Management for The IEE study has duly followed this development and prosperity of life. policy. • The goal of this policy is to bring qualitative changes in living standard of people and economic prosperity of the nation through judicial distribution, maximum use and good governance of land. • It (i)ensures the conservation of Land Tenure, Land Ownership and Land Right; (ii) Guarantees the right to access to the land for citizens; (iii) Ensures the maximum use of land and management of land for environmental balance, food security, organized infrastructure development and safe living standard etc. National Forest Policy 2075 B.S. (2019 A.D.) It guides sub sectoral programmes relating to forests, plant The proposed project does not have to resources, wildlife, biodiversity, medicinal plants, and soil and deal with forest related adverse issues. watershed conservation. It also covers periodic assessment and updating of information on forest resources of the country.

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Act/ Rule Policy/Law/Guidelines Year Relevant Provisions Remarks Fifteenth Three Years Plan (2076/77-2080/81) 2076/77-2080/81 This plan also has separate provision for water supply & The successful implementation of the sanitation sector. Regarding this sector, this plan aims to ensure proposed project shall be the expected access to safe water supply & sanitation service and to enhance outcome of this plan. quality service. This plan has also its own strategy, working policy and expected positive outcomes through various development works in the field of water supply & sanitation service. Climate Change Policy 2076 B.S. (2019 A.D.) This has various objectives that includes i) advancing capacity on This will be followed during project CCA, ii) developing ecosystem resilience, iii) promoting green implementation as per requirement. economy by adopting low carbon economic development concept, iv) mobilizing national and international financial resources, v) making effective the information service, vi) mainstreaming climate change into relevant policy, strategy, plan and programmes, and vii) also mainstreaming gender and social inclusion, including in climate change mitigation and adaptation programmes National Environmental Policy 2076 B.S. (2019 A.D.) • This encourages the state to control pollution, manage wastes This will be followed during the and promote greenery so as to ensure citizens' right to live in a proposed project implementation fair and healthy environment. This was framed to guide the phase. implementation of environment related laws and other thematic laws, realize international commitment and enable collaboration between all concerned government agencies and non-government organizations on environmental management actions. • The policy has entrusted the federal government with the responsibility for looking after national-level policy, law and standards related works for environmental protection and management. ii) Laws & Acts

Essential Goods Protection Act 2012 B.S. (1955 A.D.) • Deems drinking water an essential commodity and strictly The proposed project ensures safe, protects drinking water. reliable & potable water along with • Prohibits any unauthorized use or misuse, stealing, damaging the provision of protection works and etc. of drinking water. metering system to prevent any misuses, stealing and damage problems.

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Act/ Rule Policy/Law/Guidelines Year Relevant Provisions Remarks Aquatic Animal Protection Act 2017 B.S. (1961 A.D.) This act renders punishment to any party introducing poisonous, Information of this act will be with Amendments (2055 noxious or explosive materials into a water source or destroying delivered to the construction workers, B.S. (1997 A.D.)) any dam, bridge or water system with the intent of catching or as they may get involved in fishing killing aquatic life. It also emphasizes that GoN empowers to during construction period. prohibit catching, killing and harming of certain kinds of aquatic animals by notification in Nepal Gazette. National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 A.D. (1973 A.D.) This act has separate provisions of the arrangement for the • As per IBAT report, the location of with Amendments 2049 management of national parks, conservation of wildlife and their Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve is B.S. (1992 A.D.) habitat, regulate hunting and to conserve, promote, develop and within 10km of the project area. make appropriate arrangements for and the use of places which However, the project activitie does are of special importance from the point of view of natural beauty not intervene this reserve area and to maintain good manners and welfare of the general public. because this reserve is isolated and well protected. However, during IEE study, the information on this act is necessary as reference. • During construction phase, information on this act is required to be delivered to the construction workers to make them aware about the prohibitory activities that has been mentioned by this act.

Town Development Act 2045 B.S. (1988 A.D.) This act has provision of services and facilities like road, The proposed project is solely for transport, electricity, drainage, sanitation and open space based on provision of water supply & sanitation density of such area. services.

Water Resource Act 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.) • The umbrella Act governing water resource management. • WUSC has been formed for this • This has provision of beneficial use of water resources (surface proposed project as per this act water/groundwater) without causing damage to others. • There is provision of control of • Provides for the formation of water user associations and water pollution through protection establishes a system of licensing. works and strict supervision. • Prohibits water pollution Land Acquisition Act 2049 B.S. (1993 A.D.) It guides the compulsory acquisition of land. It also describes that There is no requirement of land GoN can acquire land at any place and in any quantity by giving acquisition of private land. All the compensation pursuant to the act for the land acquired for any land required are under the ownership public purposes or for operation of any development project of GoN.

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Act/ Rule Policy/Law/Guidelines Year Relevant Provisions Remarks initiated by GoN.

Child Labor Prohibition and Regulation Act 2056 B.S. (2001 A.D.) The section 3 of the Act prohibits a child from engaging in work, This provision has been stated in sub-clause 1 of the clause 3 states “Nobody shall engage in work a EMP. child who has not completed fourteen years of age as a labor and sub clause 2 states “Nobody shall engage a child in a risk full occupation or work set forth in the Schedule”. The section 4 states “Child not to be engaged in work against his will by temptation or fear or pressure or by any other means. Solid Waste Management Act 2068 B.S. (2011 A.D.) Article 4 provides that the management of hazardous, medical, EMP prescribes eco-friendly chemical or industrial waste rests upon the generators of such management of solid and hazardous wastes. Management should be as prescribed in the Act. Article 5 wastes. provides that individuals and entities must reduce the amount of solid waste generated while carrying out work or business. International Trade in Endangered Wildlife and 2073 B.S. (2017 A.D.) This act has legal provisions for conservation of various species of As per IBAT report, various types of Plant Control Act the endangered fauna and flora in order to implement the endangered species are recorded Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild hence, this requires to review and Fauna and Flora, 1973 to which Nepal is a party and for regulation follow this act as a reference for the and control of international trade. preparation of IEE report. However, this does not mean that the habitat of these species within the project area. All of these species exists within the reserve area which are well protected and where there will not be any kind of project intervention. Labor Act 2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.) • The has provisions for the rights, interest, facilities and safety These provisions are stated in EMP. of workers and employees working in enterprises of various sectors. • The Act emphasizes on occupational health and safety of workers and stipulates provision of necessary safety gears and adopting appropriate precautionary measures against potentially hazardous machine/equipment in the workplace. • It also specifies to arrange such as removal of waste accumulated during production process and prevention of dust,

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Act/ Rule Policy/Law/Guidelines Year Relevant Provisions Remarks fume, vapor and other waste materials, which adversely affect the health of workers. • It specifies the provision of controlling the communicable diseases at the construction site. It also prohibits mobilization of child as a labor. It emphasizes on the provision of temporary camp, safe drinking water and necessary food supplies to the workers. Local Government Operation Act 2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.) The Act gives Province Government the functions, duties & Provides a basis for Local powers to: (i) entrust municipalities with responsibility of WSS Government to monitor the services, (ii) conserve & protect their local environment & natural environmental performance of the resources; (iii) plan, implement &/or operate & maintain WS projects projects at local level; (iv) implement or arrange for EMP provides the responsibilities of implementation local sanitation/sewerage & drainage projects; (v) LGs in EMP implementation. protect cultural heritage & religious sites; &/or (vi) monitor project activities within their respective jurisdictions Forest Act 2076 B.S. (2019 A.D.) • The Act facilitates (i) to manage the national forest in the form • There is no intervention of this of Government Managed Forest, Forest Protection Zone, project in the forest areas. This act is Community Forest, Partnership Forest, Lease-hold Forest & reviewed as a reference only. Religious Forest and (ii) to contribute for national prosperity by conserving, promoting and utilizing the wild life, environment, watersheds and bio-diversity, while promoting the private, public and urban forest. • Chapter 12 of this act has provisions related to development projects. It states in regard to the use of forest area that “Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Act, if there is no other alternative to the using of forest area for the operation of a national priority project, plan of which investment is approved by the Investment Board, project of national pride and it appears from the environment examination referred to in the prevailing law that the operation of such plan does not result in significant adverse effects on the environment, the Government of Nepal may give approval, as prescribed, to use any part of the national forest for the purpose of operating such plan. • It also states that “If there is no other alternative to the using of forest area for the operation of any development

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Act/ Rule Policy/Law/Guidelines Year Relevant Provisions Remarks project by the Province or and it appears from the environment examination referred to in the prevailing law that the operation of such plan does not result in significant adverse effects on the environment, it may request the Government of Nepal for acquisition of the land in such forest area for the operation of that project. Land Use Act 2076 B.S. (2019 A.D.) The main aim of the act is to ensure that land is properly used and Information on this act is necessary managed and that land set aside for one purpose is not used for for this project to avoid misuse of other. The act has assigned the responsibility for implementing the land for the construction of project act to not only the federal government but also to the provincial components. However, as this project and local governments. requires RoW of the public road for the proposed components, land misuse may not be a serious issue. iii) Rules & Regulations Wildlife Reserve Rules 2034 B.S. (1978 A.D.) This rule focusses on the protection of Wildlife Reserve along • Information of this rules is 1st Amendment 2042 B.S. with the duties & responsibility of Adjudicating Officer and necessary during preparation of (1985 A.D.) includes details on the prohibitory activities within the reserve. IEE study as well as during construction period to create awareness among the workers to avoid their possible illegal entry to the reserve. Solid Waste (Management & Resource 2044 B.S. (1987 A.D.) & • This act focuses on the management of solid waste and • This act needs to be reviewed Mobilization), Rules Amendments 2049 B.S. mobilization of resources related. during construction phase. (1992A.D.) • These also ensure the health convenience of the common • EMP covers the requirement of people by controlling the adverse impact on pollution from this rule for the proposed project. solid waste. Forest Regulations 2051 B.S. (1995 A.D.) • This has separate provision for the protection of Community There is no intervention of this project Forest along with the duties & responsibilities of Community in the forest areas. This regulation is Forest User's Group. reviewed as a reference only. Drinking Water Regulations 2055 B.S. (1998 A.D.) • Regulates the use of drinking water The proposed project has followed all • Provides for the formation of Drinking Water User these provisions. Associations and sets out the procedure for registration. • Deals with licensing of use drinking water. • Deals with the control of water pollution and maintenance of quality standards for drinking water

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Act/ Rule Policy/Law/Guidelines Year Relevant Provisions Remarks • Sets out the conditions of service utilization by consumers Solid Waste Management Rules 2070 B.S. (2013 A.D.) • GoN has issued these rules by exercising the power conferred EMP for this proposed project covers by the section 50 of the Solid Waste Management Act, 2068. this matter focused by this rule. • Section 3 of this rule focuses on Segregation & management of solid wastes. Labor Rules 2075 B.S. (2018 A.D.) • GoN has issued these rules by exercising the power conferred EMP for this proposed project covers to it under the section 184 of the Labor Act, 2074. this matter focused by this rule. • Section 7 of these rules deals with Occupational Safety & Health Policy.

iv) Directives, Guidelines & Manuals National EIA Guidelines 2049 B.S. (1993 A.D.) This guidelines aims to assess the environmental impacts likely to This has been followed for evaluation be caused by a project, and promote its positive impacts and of the anticipated environmental mitigate or eliminate adverse impacts by undertaking preventive impacts. and other effective measures after integrating the environmental impacts in the planning cycle of all the projects to be initiated in Nepal, prior to their initiation, so as to make the economic benefits from development projects sustainable Guidelines for Community Noise by WHO 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.) It provides basis for global standards in noise quality at During noise quality monitoring, this community level that are designed to offer guidance in reducing guideline will be followed. the health impacts of noise pollution. WHO Air Quality Guidelines, Global Update 2061 B.S. (2005 A.D.) It provides basis for global standards in air quality that are During air quality monitoring, this designed to offer guidance in reducing the health impacts of air guideline will be followed pollution. National Noise Standard Guidelines 2068 B.S. (2012 A.D.) It provides basis for national standards in noise quality that are During noise quality monitoring, this designed to offer guidance in reducing the health impacts of noise guideline will be followed pollution. Environment Friendly Local Governance 2070 B.S. (2013 A.D.) • This has been issued to add value to the environment friendly This needs to be followed during Framework local development concept encouraging environmental project design, construction and protection through local bodies. operation period. • One of its expected results is to bring improvement in the field of environment protection, waste management, climate change adaptation and disaster management throughout the nation. WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 2073 B.S. (2017 A.D. It provides the recommendation of WHO for managing the risk During water quality monitoring, this Fourth Edition from hazards that may compromise the safety of drinking water. guideline will be considered and

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Act/ Rule Policy/Law/Guidelines Year Relevant Provisions Remarks followed Working procedure for the use of national 2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.) It emphasizes on the management regarding the use of national There will be no interference of the forest for national priority projects, 2074 /community forests for the implementation of national priority project activities to the forest area of project. this project town Source: IEE Study, 2018/019

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B. Environmental Agreements

International Environmental Agreements

38. Nepal is a signatory to many international agreements and conventions related to environmental conservation. However, all of those conventions are not interrelated to the proposed project. The conventions related to the proposed project are as follows:

(i) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 1992 A.D. (ii) The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), 1973 (iii) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), 1976 (iv) Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999

39. The relevance of the aforementioned environmental agreements to the Subproject are with their emphasis on human activities to (i) take measures to protect local, as well as global, natural resources and environment; (ii) prevent or reduce the causes of climate change; and (iii) anticipate and mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change. The country is also committed to the Millennium Development Goals, the seventh goal of which is to “ensure environmental sustainability” targeting the reverse of loss of forest and environmental resources, reduction of biodiversity loss, and increase in the proportion of the population with sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.

40. The Kanchanrup Water Supply & Sanitation Project does not and will not break or go against Nepal’s commitment to these international agreements.

C. Environmental Standards

41. The key environmental quality standards applied in the GoN IEE (as well as in the ADB IEE) are listed below and their details featured as Annex B:

➢ National Ambient Air Quality Standards, for Nepal (NAAQS), 2003 A.D. & Updated in 2012 A.D. ➢ National Diesel Generator Emission Standard,2012 ➢ Nepal Vehicle Mass Emission Standard, (NVMES), 2069 B.S. (2012 A.D.) ➢ The relevant environmental quality standards applied in the GoN IEE (as well as in the ADB IEE) are listed in Table II-II and their details on the acceptable level criteria of these standards are featured in Annex B. Table II-II: Relevant Environmental Quality Standards Particular National Standard International Standard

Ambient air quality National Ambient Air Quality WHO Air Quality Guidelines, Global Standards, for Nepal, 2003 Update, 2005

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Particular National Standard International Standard

Noise National Noise Standard WHO Noise Level Guidelines Guidelines, 2012 Drinking water National Drinking Water Quality WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water quality Standards, 2005 Quality, Fourth Edition, 2011 Emission standard for diesel generator National Diesel Generator

discharge to ambient Emission Standard,2012 Air Source: IEE Study, 2018/019

42. As shown in the above table, National Ambient Air Quality Standards, for Nepal, 2003 is enforced by GoN that has set quality standards for seven parameters TSP, PM10, Sulphur Dioxide(SO2), Nitrogen Oxide(NO2), Carbon Mono-oxide (CO), Lead (Pb) and Benzene at national level. Similarly, WHO Air Quality Guidelines, Global Update, 2005 enforced by WHO has set quality standards for four parameters PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 at international level. Both standards provide guidelines to follow and comply the set standards for the ambient air quality during construction period. The acceptable level criteria for ambient air quality as per both standards are tabulated below:

Table II-III: Standards for Ambient Air Quality

Source:

43. Similarly, National Noise Standard Guidelines, 2012 has set the standard noise levels measured in dBA for Inustrial area, Commercial Area, Rural Residential Area, Urban Residential Area, Mixed Residential Area and Quiet Area. This also has provision of standard values for the noise level generated by Water Pumps and Diesel Generator also. This is limited within the country only. For international level, WHO Noise Level

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Guidelines has set the standard noise levels measured in dBA for two areas that includes residential and commercial areas. The standard values for ambient noise quality are given in the table given below:

Table II-IV: Standards for Ambient Noise Quality

Source: Environmental, Health and Safety General Guidelines, 2007.International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group.

44. National Diesel Generator Emission Standard,2012 has been introduced by the Government of Nepal in 2012 for new and in use diesel generators with a capacity of 8 kW-560kW (under the 1997 Environment Protection Act). The emissions standards set for new diesel generator imports is equivalent to Bharat Stage III standards and, for in-use diesel generators, is equivalent to Bharat Stage II. The Diesel Power Generation: Inventories and Black Carbon Emissions in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal 60 emissions limits are set for four major pollutants: CO, HC, NOx, and PM. This is given in detail below:

Table II-V: National Diesel Generators Emission Standards, 2012

Source: Diesel Power Generation, 2014 by The World Bank

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D. Environmental Assessment Requirements

45. The Project is subjected to the environmental safeguard requirements of both the ADB and Government of Nepal. i. Environmental Assessment Requirements of ADB

46. All projects funded by the ADB must comply with the Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 to ensure that projects funded under ADB loan are environmentally sound, legally compliant, and safe. On the environment, the ADB Operations Manual, Bank Policy (OM Section F1/OP, 2010), underpins the SPS 2009. The policy promotes international good practice as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines.2

47. ADB’s Environmental Safeguards policy principles are defined in SPS (2009), Safeguard Requirements as per Table II-VI given below and the IEE is intended to meet these requirements.

2 New Version of the “World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines”, April 30, 2007, Washington, USA. http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/Content/EnvironmentalGuiidelines

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Table II-VI:SPS 2009 Safeguard Requirements SPS 2009 - Safeguard Requirements Remarks Use a screening process for each proposed project, as early as possible, to REA has been undertaken, indicating that the Subproject is NOT: (i) determine the extent and type of environmental assessment (EA) so that the environmentally critical; and (ii) adjacent to or within environmentally studies are undertaken commensurate with the significance of potential impacts sensitive/critical area. The extent of adverse impacts is expected to be and risks. local, site-specific, confined within main and secondary influence areas. Significant adverse impacts during construction & operation will be temporary & short-term, can be mitigated properly. Hence, IEE is sufficient.

Conduct EA to identify potential direct, indirect, cumulative, & induced impacts and risks to physical, biological, socio-economic (including impacts on livelihood through environmental media, health and safety, vulnerable groups, and gender IEE has been undertaken to meet this requirement. (Chapter VII). issues), and physical, cultural resources in the context of the project’s area of influence. Assess potential trans boundary global impacts, including climate change. Examine alternatives to the project’s location, design, technology, and components and their potential environmental and social impacts and document Alternative Analysis has been carried out and described in detail in the rationale for selecting the particular alternative proposed. Also, consider the Chapter VI no project alternative.

Avoid, and where avoidance is not possible, minimize, mitigate, &/or offset adverse impacts and enhance positive impacts using environmental planning & management. Prepare an EMP that includes the proposed mitigation measures, An EMP has been prepared to address this requirement. Chapter X environmental monitoring and reporting requirements, related institutional or organizational arrangements, capacity development and training measures, implementation schedule, cost estimates, and performance indicators.

Carry out meaningful consultation with affected people &facilitate their informed participation. Ensure women’s participation. Involve stakeholders, including Key informant and random interviews have been conducted. A affected people & concerned NGOs, early in the project preparation process & grievance redress mechanism for the resolution of valid Project-related ensure that their views & concerns are made known to & understood by decision social and environmental issues/concerns is presented in Chapter VIII. makers and taken into account. Continue consultations with stakeholders throughout project implementation as necessary to address issues related to EA. Establish a GRM to receive & facilitate resolution of affected people’s concerns & grievances on project’s environmental performance. Disclose a draft EA (including the EMP) promptly, before project appraisal, in an This is the IEE based on the final DEDR. Copies of SPS-compliant IEE 32 IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

SPS 2009 - Safeguard Requirements Remarks accessible place & a form & language(s) understandable to affected people & will be made available at the offices of the PMO, ICG, and WUSC for other stakeholders. Disclose the final EA, & its updates if any, to affected people public consultation. & other stakeholders.

Implement the EMP and monitor its effectiveness. Document monitoring results, EMP implementation, reporting, and disclosure of monitoring reports are including the development and implementation of corrective actions, and disclose in this IEE. monitoring reports.

Do not implement project activities in areas of critical habitats, unless (i) there are no measurable adverse impacts on the critical habitat that could impair its ability to function, (ii) there is no reduction in the population of any recognized The subproject does not encroach into areas of critical habitats. No tree endangered or critically endangered species, and (iii) any lesser impacts are will be cut. mitigated. If a project is located within a legally protected area, implement additional programs to promote and enhance the conservation aims of the protected area. In an area of natural habitats, there must be no significant conversion or degradation, unless (i) alternatives are not available, (ii) the overall benefits from the project substantially outweigh the environmental costs, and (iii) any conversion or degradation is appropriately mitigated. Use a precautionary approach to the use, development, and management of renewable natural resources.

Apply pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with international good practices as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines. This requirement is marginally applicable to the Subproject regarding Adopt cleaner production processes and good energy efficiency practices. Avoid waste generation. The Subproject will not involve hazardous materials pollution, or, when avoidance is not possible, minimize or control the intensity or subject to international bans or phase-outs. load of pollutant emissions and discharges, including direct and indirect greenhouse gases emissions, waste generation, and release of hazardous materials from their production, transportation, handling, and storage. Avoid the use of hazardous materials subject to international bans or phase-outs. Purchase, use, and manage pesticides based on integrated pest management approaches and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides.

Provide workers with safe and healthy working conditions and prevent accidents, injuries, and disease. Establish preventive and emergency preparedness and EMP provides measures to mitigate health and safety hazards during response measures to avoid, and where avoidance is not possible, to minimize, construction and operation. 33 IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

SPS 2009 - Safeguard Requirements Remarks adverse impacts and risks to the health and safety of local communities.

Conserve physical, cultural resources and avoid destroying or damaging them by using field-based surveys that employ qualified and experienced experts during The Subproject will not affect any physical, cultural resource. The EMP the environmental assessment. Provide for the use of “chance find” procedures recommends the measure/s mitigate the adverse impact on PCRs in the that include a pre-approved management and conservation approach for materials case of the chance find. that may be discovered during project implementation.

Source: ADB, SPS, 2009

34 IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP ii. Environmental Impact Assessment Requirements of Nepal

48. The environmental assessment shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Environmental Protection Rules 2077 (EPR,2077). The EPR, 2077 defines the process that should be followed for the preparation, review, and approval of environmental assessment reports. As per GoN, the Consultants shall carry out IEE, as required in Schedule 2 (Pertaining to Rule 3) - (Clause H) of EPR 2077 B.S. for water supply sector projects. However, as per EPR, 2077, there is no requirement to conduct IEE for GoN. It is because the schedule 2 (Pertaining to Rule 3) - (Clause H-8) of EPR 2077 B.S. states that IEE is required for the projects that supplies water to the population ranging from 50,0000 to 200,000. Here, the proposed project supplies water to 37,822 populations only. This figure is less than that mentioned above. Hence, as per the recently reenacted EPA, 2076 and EPR 2077, Kanchanrup town does not require IEE for GoN. However, as per ADB Categorization, the proposed project falls under “Category B” for which IEE requires to be prepared and submitted accordingly.

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III. METHODOLOGY

49. The IEE study was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the ADB's Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS 2009) and environmental legal requirements of GoN i.e., EPA 2076 B.S. (2019 A.D.) and EPR 2077 B.S. (2020 A.D.). The IEE study was conducted through preliminary exercise to solicit information from the planners, policy makers, concerned authorities, WUSC and the relevant stakeholders. This involves walk-through survey, desk study, field visits and impact identification & evaluation. For this, the stepwise processes to undertake these activities are as follows:

A. Literature Review/ Desk Study

50. Available secondary information in the form of reports and maps; topographic maps, land use maps, aerial photographs, cadastral survey maps, etc. were collected and reviewed. Feasibility Study Report, Detailed Engineering Design Report and Social Safeguard Due Diligence Report of the proposed project were the key documents to determine the nature and scope of activities of the project that influences the environmental conditions of the proposal area. Rainfall & Other Meteorological data of the project town were also collected from the Department of Hydrology & Meteorology. Similarly, published and unpublished reports about environmental policies, laws, rules, standards, Acts, Regulation and other legal provisions were also collected and reviewed. Published and unpublished literature of the project area about biological, social, chemical, physical, and cultural environments in the form of maps, and reports, etc. were collected from various sources and reviewed to get information on the coverage of the studies and fulfill the data gaps.

B. Impact Area Delineation

51. To carry out IEE study, the possible areas where the anticipated impacts have either significant or insignificant effects need to be delineated. To specify the area that would be covered by the assessment, the geographical boundary of the influence area is delineated on the topographical map. This delineating methodology is called Impact Area Delineation. The impact areas have been delineated on the basis of proximity of the construction site to the nearby surrounding areas. The impact areas have been delineated as “Core Project Area” and “Surrounding Project Area on the basis of proximity and magnitude of the impacts due to the proposed project activities.

52. Core Area: The Core Area indicates the area required permanently as well as temporarily for the proposed project. This area refers to the service area as well the area where the construction of the project components will be carried out and has the highest magnitude impact from the proposed project activities. Hence, here, regarding this proposed project, this core area includes the service area of the proposed project which comprises partial areas of wards 4, 7, 8, 9, 11 & 12 of Kanchanrup Municipality.

53. Surrounding Area: Here, the Surrounding Area indicates the area within the immediate surroundings of the core area of proposed project. It includes the area of the project town

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

which is closely associated with the core area of the project and has spill-over effects of those effects that occur within the core area. This has low to medium magnitude impact from the proposed project activities. Hence, here in this proposed project, the surrounding area covers partial areas of wards 4, 7, 8, 9,11 & 12 that are not covered under the service area and other adjoining wards of the service area that includes wards 5, 6 & 10.

C. Field Study

54. Field studies were carried out in the project site areas in an extensive manner by a multidisciplinary team comprising a) an Environmental Specialist; b) Water Supply & Sanitation Engineer; c) Sociologist; d) Geo-hydrologist and e) Botanist. During the visit, baseline information on physico-chemical, biological, and socio-economic & cultural conditions of the core area and surrounding areas of the project area were collected through simple checklist method and Survey Questionnaire method. During field study, Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist (Refer Annex A) as recommended by ADB as per SPS, 2009 will be duly followed and filled up. This checklist primarily includes the data regarding physico-chemical, biological, socio-economic & cultural environment. Various approaches and methodological tools that were used for the data collection of various environmental aspects during this field study are described below: a) Physico-Chemical Environment

55. An extensive physical & chemical environment survey were carried out by delineating the project impact area to collect the baseline information. Topographic and geomorphological features that include Landforms, Geology & Soil, Land use pattern etc. were observed and documented. The data regarding Climate & Rainfall of the project town were collected from the concerned authority. Similarly, information on air quality and noise quality condition was collected through field observation and expert's judgment. Information on rivers and aquatic ecology were also collected to assess the existing condition. Various consultations programs with the local communities and Interviews with few government officials, schools & representatives of the local bodies were also conducted.

b) Biological Environment

56. The baseline information regarding biological environment were collected through walkthrough survey throughout the core & surrounding areas of the project area by adopting simple checklist method (Refer Annex I), through professional judgment and local interaction. Under this baseline information in regard to the biological environment, types of vegetation and forests were identified based on the species composition. The protected vegetation (rare, endangered, indigenous, etc.) of the project area as per IUCN Red Book, CITES Appendices, IBAT Report generated by ADB and GoN list species were enumerated based on consultation with the local people and the expert judgment.

57. Information on rivers of the project area and aquatic ecology were also collected through the interaction with the locals, the expert judgment and field observation.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

58. The data on the existing wildlife/mammals, birds, herpetofauna (Reptiles/Amphibians) were collected through field observation and interaction with the locals. The checklists as given in Annex I were filled up accordingly. The status of each of these species were identified as either threatened or near threatened or endangered species or least concern as per IUCN Red Book, IBAT Report of ADB, CITES Appendices and GoN list species. These were affirmed by the expert review.

c) Socio-economic & Cultural Environment

59. Household surveys were conducted through interviews by simple questionnaire method to obtain information on the socio-economic & cultural environment that primarily includes demography, ethnicity, education, health & sanitation, drinking water condition of the project area, irrigation facility, local traditions, religions, land use patterns, incomes & expenditures and to acquire their perception towards the proposed project, etc. Information on Migratory patterns of the local people and the Impact of river on settlements & agriculture was also collected. Information on the people residing within the core area of the proposed project town was collected through socio-economic survey. The sample of Household Survey Questionnaire that should be filled up during household survey has been included in Annex I.

60. Focused Group discussions (FGD) were conducted to obtain suggestions and comments from all the potential stakeholders. Direct observation (Transect Walk Method) was conducted to ascertain the existence of the cultural sites, and public institutions such as temples, cremation grounds, historical & archaeological sites, schools, and health posts within the project core areas and to determine the effect on their existence due to project construction activities. The Consultations with the village elites, Meetings and Group discussions was done to assess the current situation of the project area community.

D. Stakeholder & Public Consultation

61. Various consultations with key stakeholders were held during design phase of this proposed project. Here, the key stakeholders include government agencies, local bodies, road users, local beneficiaries, other concerned bodies etc. These consultation programs disclose information regarding the proposed project to the relevant stakeholders. Along with this, other required information for the project were collected from the concerned stakeholders, which were integrated in the identification of anticipated environmental impacts.

E. Impact Identification, Prediction & Evaluation Methods

62. The information regarding Physico-chemical, Biological and Socio-economic & Cultural aspects as mentioned above were collected to identify the susceptibility of these aspects to be affected by the proposed project activities. This help to identify the anticipated environmental impacts of the proposed project. For this, Simple Checklist method was adopted for the impact identification. This was carried out by using Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist prepared by ADB (Refer Annex A) and by using simple

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

household survey questionnaire (Refer Annex I) prepared during the desk study. These checklists explained about the environmental features or factors that need to be addressed while identifying the impacts of projects and activities.

63. Once all the important impacts were identified, their potential characteristics were predicted. The baseline data on physico-chemical, biological, socio-economic and cultural aspects were used to estimate the likely characteristics and parameters of impacts that includes Nature, Magnitude, Extent and Duration.

64. The nature of each predicted impact has been classified into Direct (D) and Indirect (ID). The magnitude of the impact is classified into High (H), Medium (M) and Low (L). The extent is classified into Site-Specific (SS), Local (L), and Regional (R). Similarly, the duration of impact is classified into Short Term (ST), Medium term (MT), and Long term (LT).

65. Impact predictions are generally made against a baseline established by the existing environment. Hence, during our field study, the baseline data was used as reference point against which the characteristics and parameters of impact related changes were analyzed. Impact predictions were also made by considering the future state of the environment. This also requires professional judgment for accuracy.

66. After the impact identification and prediction method, the impacts will be evaluated regarding the significance of the predicted impacts to assess the adversity of adverse impacts and efficiency of beneficial impacts within the project core & surrounding areas. This was done by following the National EIA Guidelines 1993 according to which scoring for each likely parameter of the impacts was carried out and the level of significance has been assessed as recommended by these guidelines. The scoring of Impacts as per National EIA Guidelines 1993 is tabulated below:

Table III-I: Scoring of Impacts Likely Parameters of Scoring as per National EIA S. No. Type Impacts Guidelines,1993 1. Nature Direct No Scoring Required Indirect 2. Magnitude High (H) 60 Medium/Moderate (M) 20 Low (L) 10 3. Extent Regional ( R) 60 Local (L) 20 Site Specific (SS) 10 4. Duration Long Term (LT) 20 Medium Term (MT) 10 Short Term (ST) 5 Source: National EIA Guidelines 1993

67. Then, the significance level of Impact rated will be assessed as per the following table:

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Table III-II: Significance of Impacts S. No. Scoring as per National EIA Level of Significance as per National EIA Guidelines,1993 Guidelines,1993 1. Less than 50 Insignificant 2. 50 to 75 Significant 3. More than 75 Very Significant Source: National EIA Guidelines 1993

68. This evaluation will be done as per the professional judgment by the key expert team involved in the IEE study.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Proposed Service Area

69. Discussion was held with WUSC for the service area of new project. The initial discussion was held with users committee. As the name of Kanchanrup, it was envisaged that majority of the municipality will be covered from this project. But, the application given by the WUSC was only for Kanchanrup ward 4, part of ward 7, part of ward 8, part of ward 9, and part of ward 11 & 12. However, the WUSC has decided the following areas in the proposed project. The names of the major settlement of the service area of Kanchanrup Municipality are as follows:

Ward no 4: Former Jagatpur VDC( ward1, 2, 5, 6, 8, and 9)

Ward no 7: Former Dharampur VDC (ward1, 2, 3, 4, and 5)

Ward no 8: Former Kanchanpur VDC(1-9), Kanchanpur Water supply system will cover along both side of the highway

Ward no 9: Former Rupnagar (ward 5, 6) & Former Dharampur VDC (6, 7, 9) w/s system will cover along the highway area

Ward no.11: Former Dhodhanpur VDC (ward 9)

Ward no 12: Former Rupnagar VDC (1, 2, 3, 4, and 7) &

Rupnagar water supply system and Dharampur water supply systems proposed to cover both side of E-W High way.

70. The proposed service area of the proposed project is depicted in the figure given below:

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Figure IV-I: Proposed Service Area

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

B. Project Components i. Water Supply Components

71. The Kanchanrup Town Water Supply Project has been designed as a pumping system which will supply water from ground water source. The water shall be pumped from each deep tube well to OHT/ GRVT.

72. The disinfection unit has been proposed before supplying water into the distribution system. For distribution, water will be distributed from OHT to each household by gravity system. In addition, Valve Chambers, Transmission Main, Distribution Pipeline, Household Connections, Pipe Fittings and Valves, Office Building, Generator House, Guard Houses, Boundary Wall, Electrical & Electromechanical Works etc. are the major components of the project.

73. The proposed system is divided into three sub systems namely Rupnagar, Kanchanpur and Dharampur. Each sub system already has the existing tube well however, they are not in operation except in Rupnagar system. Hence, the additional tube wells are added to augment the water in the existing system. Hence, this system can be considered as the augmentation of the existing water supply system. The following sections describe the proposed project components: a) Source/Intakes

74. Groundwater Recharge: The proposed system will use groundwater as the source of water. The groundwater source has been used in the existing system also.The adequacy of the source will be measured after the drilling works will be accomplished. Saptakoshi River, Upstream of Chure Hills and Kheliya River would be the recharge of ground water. There is no other reliable source nearby the service area except ground water source. Similarly, there is no interference of these project activities into the Chure Hills as the project area is located at the foothills of Chure Range not within the Chure Range.

75. Well Design: The design of deep well is based upon the geo-hydrological study of the project area. The well size shall be of 10’’ inch (250 mm) housing of 70 m depth and same dia. 250mm will be casing and screen. The total depth of the well should be about 150 m with maximum screened area and allowing maximum drawdown. The yield of the tube well can be increased to great extent. Johnson stainless steel of 40m has been kept in screen and minimum 15% opening is to be kept to achieve the design discharge maximum 5 to 16.5 lps from each tube well. The estimated location of screen has been kept. But, the exact position of screen shall be confirmed during drilling.

76. Each sub system of the existing system has one tube well but not in operation except in Rupnagar. Here, the additional two tube wells are added at each sub- system of the proposed system to augment the water in the existing system.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

77. The details of the tube wells to be used for the proposed system are as follows:

• Rupnagar: 1 no.of Existing and 2 nos New • Kanchanpur: 1 no.of Existing and 2 nos New • Dharampur: 1 no.of Existing and 2 nos New

78. Recommended Drilling Machine: Percussion or percussion cum rotary method of drilling rig is recommended for drilling which will perform effectively and efficiently.

79. The ground water is considered environmentally safe. Saptakoshi River lies at the east of service area. Similarly, Kheliya Khola passes from the middle of the service area, which gives good aquifer to the source area. The north to the proposed site for deep tube well has community forest area. However, this does not mean that the proposed site lies within the community forest area. The community forest area lies beyond the proposed site area. The possibility of contamination of ground water due to human and animal intrusion can be totally ruled out. However, some environmental works and boundary wall construction needs to be attempted for tube well site as safety measures b) Electrical System

80. The proposed project has three separate pumping station/ tube well site which needs power for water extraction from deep tube well. The overhead transmission line already exists there but the poles are short, transformer sizes are inadequate to meet the demand for new system. Also their age and conditions could not be found. Hence, all the electrical systems are designed as new. Further, during implementation stage, the existing transformer will be tested. If they are in good condition, can be used in the new project. But, all electrical, transformer and geerators are designed as new. It is envisaged that any two pump will run at a time. Accordingly, the transformer and other components are designed. The capacity and number of pumps at various stages are as in Table IV-I.

Table IV-I: Capacity and Number of Pump Number and capacity of Location Remarks pump Rupnagar sub system 3 nos × 40 HP Any two pumps runs at a time

Kanchanpur sub system 3 nos × 45 HP Any two pumps runs at a time Dharampur sub system 3 nos × 12.5 HP Any two pumps runs at a time Source: Final DEDR,2021

81. There will also be the arrangement of Spare Pumps at designated storage area for replacement such that if any pump does not function properly, it can be replaced immediately. Each sub system will have one transformer and one diesel generator backup.The transformer and diesel generator is designed as given in Table IV-II:

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Table IV-II: Transformer and Diesel Generator

Pumping station at Pumping station at Pumping station at Rupnagar ( ST1) Kanchanpur (ST2) Dharampur (ST3) Transformer I size calculation for pumps Tubewell Pump 1 40 HP 30 KW 45 HP 33.75 KW 15 HP 9.375 KW to OHT/ GRVT Pump 2 40 HP 30 KW 45 HP 33.75 KW 15 HP 9.375 KW only 2 only 2 only 2 run at run at run at Pump 3 40 HP a time 45 HP a time a time Other load 7 KW 7 KW 6 KW

Total load 67 74.5 24.75 Safety factor 1.25 1.25 1.25 Net total load 83.75 93.13 30.94 Capacity of Transformer 104.69 KVA 116.41 KVA 38.67 KVA All will be operated at a time Adopt :Capacity of tranformer 125 KVA 125 KVA 50 KVA

Capacity of generator 1.25times the capcity of transformer 130.86 KVA 145.51 KVA 48.33 Size of Geneartor 1 no ( rated power) to run one tubewell at each sub system 100 KVA 100 KVA 30 KVA Source: Final DEDR, 2021

82. Distribution System: The power cables from control panels to each load are calculated to satisfy the following criterions:

• Current carrying capacity of the cable is enough to carry the full load current continuously. • Maximum voltage drop in the cable is less than 2% of the system voltage. • The control panels at pump house are provided with the Star-Delta starter to reduce the high starting current drawn by the pump-motors. c) Transmission Main & Pumping

83. Transmission line is the pipe line length from intake/ deep tube well to reservoir. The transmission line passes via road, barren land and public land. Each sub system has individual transmission main.

84. The the length of transmission main for the first Rupnagar sub system, will be 615m , second Kanchanpur sub system will be 740 m and third Dharampur sub system will be 920m.

85. The total transmission pipe length from proposed tubewell to OHT/ GRVT reservoir of three sub-system is 2275.00 m. At each sub system, DI 100mm and 150mm and GI 100mm dia is designed for each tube well. Submersible pumps of 3nos of each 40HP, 45HP and 12.5HP areproposed for Rupnagar, Kanchanpur and Dharampur sub systems.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP d) Water Treatment Plant and Chlorination

86. The study shows that there is no water treatment system in the existing water supply system of the project area. The water is directly distributed to few households in the town through overhead / ground reservoir depending upon the elevation of the RVT location. This means that the people of the Kanchanrup town have been consuming untreated water till now that sounds quite inconvenient and unsafe. To assure safety regarding the consumption of drinking water being supplied to the public, it is necessary to ensure the requirement of water treatment system in the proposed system.

87. As per the final engineering design report, during field visit, none of the deep tube well of the existing systems are in operation. Hence, it was not possible to take sample from any of those existing tube wells. Instead of this, the water quality test sample has been taken from the shallow tube well/ handpump of the private household of Rupnagar service area only to get the information of the quality of water consumed by the community at present and to make them aware about the need of proposed new improved water supply system. This test was carried out just to represent the whole service area, however, this test will not represent the quality of water to be used by the proposed new system as the new system will extract water from the deep tubewell through deep aquifer. It is well known that deep tube well is less prone to the risk of contamination including arsenic content too in comparison to the shallow tube well. That means deep tube well is reliable, better quality and safer than the shallow tube well in any parameter. Hence, it is envisaged that the pressure filter will be enough for the proposed system.

88. Based upon the discussion with the community in the surrounding of the service area, the pressure filter has been proposed for the treatment process. The pressure filter is similar to rapid sand filter (RSF) however; its rate of filtration is higher than that of RSF and water here passes under pressure developed by pumping, greater than the atmospheric pressure. The pressure filters are found to be less efficient than rapid sand filters in terms of bacterial load, colour and turbidity. However, its higher efficiency in the removal of Iron & Manganese from groundwater makes it suitable for this proposed project. The pressure filter will also help to reduce higher concentrations of electrical conductivity to the acceptable value. Here, the pressure filter has been proposed provisionally and can be confirmed after water quality testing can be done during implementation. It is envisaged that the proposed treatment facilities would be enough for treatment process to get quality water. As per the usual practice of the design team in Terai region, the pressure filter will be sufficient.

89. This pressure filter is followed by the disinfection process. The bypass arrangement from filter inlet/ outlet is also provisioned for the repair and maintenance of the structures. The bacteriological content and turbidity that cannot be completely removed by the proposed pressure filter, will be treated by disinfection process by Chorination or Dosing System.The disinfection will be carried out by the addition of bleaching powder. Bleaching powder is to be dosed from chlorine dosing tank through a dosing pump.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

90. Disinfection will be done before it is stored in the service reservoir OHT/GRVT. An emergency feeder line consisting of a solution tank connected with feeding tank having a constant level is proposed for the chlorination. Bleaching powder 10.95kg / day and 15.95kg / day required during base and design year respectively. After disinfection, some part of the lime will be settled at the bottom of the ground reservoir as residue. This residue shall be removed through washout. The washout pipe will be connected to the drain that requires about 450m long pipe. e) Service Reservoir

91. The distribution system has been designed by using multi-reservoir concept which has also been adopted in the existing system of Kanchanrup. The whole system is divided into three sub systems. All reservoirs will supply the water in independent/ separate sub-service area.The service area has been separated due to topography of the town. The total storage requirement for the system at the end of the design period shall be about 850m3. This capacity will be divided into various reservoirs that will be constructed at various locations. There will be 1 no.-250m3 OHT (Newly Proposed) for Rupnagar System, 1 no.- 450m3 OHT (under construction) for Kanchanpur Sub Sytem and 1 no.-150m3 Ground RVT (Existing) for Dharampur Sub System. Dharampur RVT is about 320m away from the tube well site. Each reservoir supplies water to two DMA/ distribution system of each sub system. f) Distribution Main and District Metering Area

92. Distribution system comprises a pipe network. Pipe valve box/ Control valve has been proposed at suitable junction to regulate the design flow in each pipe line and to stop the flow in the particular area without affecting the other area during repair and maintenance. All distribution line passes along the road network and public land. The distribution lines on the both sides have been proposed in the core bazaar area while only single pipeline system has been designed in the remaining area.

93. The entire new distribution system has been designed by using DI and PE-100 pipe. The PE- 100 pipes of outer dia 50mm to 225mm, DI 250 to 400mm inner dia have been used in the design. The minimum pipe size used in the design is PE100- 50mm, which governs the velocity. PE100 pipe above 4 kg/cm² pressure are proposed in the distribution net work design as per technical requirement. PE100 PN6 pipe of 50mm and 63mm pipes are not used in the design due to technical difficulties to join the pipe with electrofusion technology. Instead of these, PN10 pipes are used. All PE pipes will be joint using electrofusion technology. The washout and air valve have been arranged in the distribution system in control valve/ pipe valve chamber, where possible.

94. The pipeline is designed by adding 10% extra length of actual one. The estimated distribution pipeline length is 122,906.00 m. The distribution system is designed in consideration with District Metering Area (DMA). Each DMA will have bulk meter to determine the flow into respective service area. These are 6 DMAs in service area to supply

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

water from three sub system/ service reservoir. Each sub system has two DMAs. DMA boundary is fixed depending upon the elevation difference, location and easy for operation and maintenance. It is presented in Figure IV-II given below:

Figure IV-II:District Metered Area (DMA) of the Proposed System

95. Similarly, the figures given below shows the overall distribution network in the google earth map of each sub system:

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Figure IV-III:Rupnagar Distribution System

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Figure IV-IV:Kanchanpur Distribution System

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Figure IV-V:Dharampur Distribution System

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP g) Household Connections

96. Each household shall connect the tap to their household directly from the main distribution pipe. The average 15m length of 20mm dia. PE 100-PN16 pipe with compression joint, joined with GI fittings and valves up to meter for each HH connection. There will be 4,464 taps in the system during base year. The meter shall be kept near and adjoining the compound of the houses. The scope of the proposed project is limited to this meter connection only. Afterwards, each HH should extend the pipe themselves as per their requirement. The necessary fittings have also been designed accordingly. Electro fusion saddle has been proposed to join the HH connections at main pipe to connect ferrule in the saddle.

97. Two types of tap stands have been designed for the proposed project. At the end of the design period, it is anticipated that about 90.08% of the total households shall have fully plumbed and 9.92% of the total households shall be served through yard connections. The provsion of free tap connection for the poor households through OBA has been made in this proposed system. There will be total 6,216 fully plumbed and 685 yard taps will be connected during the design year. In total, there will be 6,940 connection including 39 institutional connections during the design year. h) Appurtenances

98. Bulk Water Meter: The bulk water meter is designed at various locations in the transmission and distribution system to ascertain flow and leakage in the system. The bulkmeter is desiged at each tubewell outlets, at the outlet of service reservoirs, DMA outlets. Each bulk meter will provide the quantity of water supplied in the particular area, water consumed by the consumers and leakage in that area can be determined calculating the difference of HH consumption water volume and bulk meter water supplied water volume. Accordingly, the repair and maintenance works can be carried out, if the leakages more than the permissible range is such area. In total there will be 9 bulkmeters in the service area.

99. Types of Connections: Consumers have been classified in three categories depending on their income level. The consumers having high level of income requiring more consumption of water are placed in fully plumbed category, consumers having medium income and medium consumption level and consumers of low income group and who can’t afford tariff of fully plumb connections and use less water through tap connection at their household will be benefitted through yard connection. The social survey has been carried out. The poor household will get tap free of cost with OBA programme. However, WUSC has to reconfirm the poor household during implementation of the scheme.

100. The cost estimate of the taps for all household and institution have been included in project cost estimate. During execution of the project, the poor household shall connect tap from OBA facilities with recommendation of WUSC.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

101. Wash out Valve: The washout valves have been arranged at transmission, distribution and every water retaining structures to remove the slush/ debris. Washout valves have been provided at depressions points in the pipeline and dead ends, where necessary. The purpose of the valve is to clean the debris collected in the pipeline, structures and use during maintenance. Sometimes the valve can also be used for the maintenance of the pipe line without closing the whole distribution system. There are 17 washout valves provided in the whole system.

102. Air Valve: Air valves have been designed to release the air accumulated in the pipes. The water flowing through pipes always contain some air. This air tries to accumulate at the highest points and may interfere in the flow by narrowing pipe opening area. Air relief valve is provided alomg the transmission and distribution pipe near the overhead reservoir to provide the exit for such accumulated air. Also, the automatic air release valve is provided along the distribution system at several locations. There are 32 air valves provided in the whole system.

103. Control Valve/Gate Valve: The purpose of the control valve is to regulate the required flow in each distribution main from the junction/ node. Sometimes, it can be used for the maintenance of distribution system in particular area without closing the whole distribution system. A control valve is provided in the system at transmission main and distribution mains, where there are more than two branches from one junction or whererever necessary. The control valves have been designed in suitable distribution junctions having more than two mains and in required places to regulate the design flow in the main. The design flow in each pipe line is based on design population, non domestic demand, system wastage and leakage. The future demand in the mains may fluctuate and the control valve/ regulating valve shall be useful to deliver the required flow in the pipe line. In total, there are 89nos. pipe valve box and 46 washout/ air release/ control valve chambers are designed in the whole system.There are 112 gate valves provided in the whole system.

104. Check Valve & Overflow Valve: The purpose of the check valve is to prevent the backflow. It is mainly used in pipes that are connected to pumping systems to prevent the pump from backflow. As per detailed design cost estimate, there is provision of one check valve for 250mm diameter pipe.

105. The purpose of overflow valve is to maintain pressure, control pressure and protect pumps or plant systems against excessive pressures. As per detailed design cost estimate, there is provision of 2 nos of overflow valves for 400mm diameter pipe.

106. SCADA Valve: This type of valve is operated by SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system. This SCADA system is a control system that uses computers, networked data communications and graphical user interfaces for high-level process supervisory management, but uses other peripheral devices such as Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Discrete PID controllers to interface with the process planr or machinery.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

107. A collection of equipment that will provide an operator at remote location with enough information to determine the status of a particular piece of a equipment or entire substation and cause actions to take place regarding the equipment or network.

108. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) achieves this requirement collecting reliable field data through remote terminal units (RTUs), Intelligent Electric Devices (IEDs) and presenting them to user requirement. The user interface or the man machine interface (MMI) provides various options of data presentation according to specific application and user needs. There are many parts of a working SCADA system. A SCADA system usually includes signal hardware (input and output), controllers, networks, user interface (HMI), communications equipment and software. All together, the term SCADA refers to the entire central system. The central system usually monitors data from various sensors that are either in close proximity or on-site.

109. Basic SCADA is proposed/ designed for Kanchanrup town. The outlet management system (OMS) from each pumping stage outlet and reservoirs outlets, Reservoir management system (RMS) at each inlet of reservoirs. SCADA control valves are also provisioned at the outlet of each DMA to monitor and control the designed flow. The Outlet Management System(OMS) is to Uniform Distribution of Water to the Reservoirs irrespective of its location and distance from the source of supply, system is able to avoid the overflow of Reservoirs, Also should be enabled to measure, monitor and control the flow Delivered to the RVT without any external Electric Energy and no high recovery cost for Energy/Communication Cost such as GSM/GPS/RADIO etc.

110. The proposed system shall work under Wi-Fi coverage area, on the GPRS network or on a given radio frequency. The radio frequency is a free of cost communication media, but the limitations it has are, eye visibility of two connecting devices and the distance between them. Similarly, it would be difficult to reach all equipment within Wi-Fi coverage also. The other way out is the GPRS which shall work with the 3G and above cell phone network area. The services of the network providers having a full network in the given area can be used

111. Fire Hydrants: Fire hydrants will be provided at major road junctions for flushing of the system as required. Fire hydrants, namely, stand post type, conforming to IS908 is recommended. There are 9 Fire Hydrants in total. i) Valve Chambers

112. Two type of Chambers have been proposed in the project to control or regulate the flow of the proposed water supply system. The chambers constructed by brick masonry have been provided in non-vehicular areas and rural areaa. In other vehicular carriageway and city areas, chambers constructed with RCC has been provided.

113. The chambers shall serve as housing, protection and convenient access to these pipe appurtenances. Inside the concrete chambers, necessary supports shall be provided for pipes

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

and valves at appropriate locations. Access to the valve chamber will be given via lockable cast iron covers with frames. Manhole covers of the heavy-duty type have been recommended in RCC chambers. Covers for manholes in paths may be proposed of medium duty type.

114. In total, there are 89 nos. of pipe valve boxes and 24 valve chambers (12 nos of Brick Masonry Type and 12 nos of RCC Type) designed for the distribution system. j) Generator House

115. The power supply system in the country is getting better than earlier days. Hence, it is envisaged that this will be further improved in due course of time . Hence, each generator is designed to pump only 50% of the designed discharge.

116. A Generator house is designed at each sub-system to operate one tube well during NEA power supply failure. In total, three numbers of generators are proposed for this project that includes 100KVA for Rupnagar, 100KVA for Kanchanpur and 30KVA for Dharampur sub systems. These are provisioned to be used during power failure at the town. Only one pump of each sub-system will run at a time using Generator. Each generator shall have generator house. Hence, there are three generator houses for the proposed project. k) Laboratory Building cum WUSC Office Building, Guard House and Dosing House

117. A laboratory building cum WUSC office building has been designed and proposed to be built in Rupnagar sub system. Likewise, one guard house type -1 at Kanchanrup and 1 guard house type 2 Dharampur ground reservoir site are proposed.

118. There are three dosing pump houses in the proposed system. The preliminary water quality test kits are arranged for regular water quality monitoring. The consition of the existing buildings at Rupnagar and Dharampur tube well site are good and will be used as guard house in the proposed project. Similarly, the existing building at Kanchanpur is old and will be used as a store house in the proposed project with necessary rehabilitation works. l) Boundary Wall

119. The existing boundary wall at Rupnagar (tube well and OHT site), Kanchanpur (tube well and OHT site) and Dharampur (one tube well and GRVT site) will be used with minor maintenance works such as plastering works and painting works. If required, some length of this boundary wall shall be rehabilitated for Rupnagar and Kanchanpur. The metal post with chainlink fencing above brick masonry wall has been proposed to protect the structures. There is also provision of compound wall to safeguard the two tube wells of Dharampur sub system.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP ii. Sanitation Components

120. The sanitation component is considered as an integral part of the water supply project so as to minimize the coverage gap between water supply and sanitation components. The main issues that need to be addressed in the sanitation components as they would have consequential impacts on all the activities are:

• Toilets/Septage/Sludge Management • Drainage System • Solid Waste Management • Institution Building/Strengthening • Raising Awareness

121. The sanitation practice is directly related with their hygiene consciousness. The socioeconomic survey shows that there is no separate sewerage system within the proposed service area. The survey relieved that almost all of the households have household latrine facilities within the project area. About 94% (4199) percent of 4464 households have latrine facilities and only 5.9 percent (265) does not have latrines in their house. Those households with latrines facilities are also well equipped with the septic tanks. The survey also revealed that out of 4464 households, about 80.80% (3608) households have pour flush latrines whereas, 11%(489) households have pit latrines. About 0.6% (27) HHs have ventilated pit latrines whereas 1.70% (75) households are using cistern flush type of pit latrine.

122. The proposed project has provision of one institutional toilet with the purpose of the betterment of sanitation facilities in this project town. The thrust point will be to avail basic sanitation facilities and declare the whole municipality as ODF. The aim of sanitation is universal coverage. ODF, based on multiple approaches like basic sanitation package, School sanitation and hygiene education program, Community-led total sanitation, School- led total sanitation and Local body-led total sanitation, is considered as the bottom line for program intervention.

123. Similarly, there is also provision of one tractor for solid waste collection. These sanitation components will contribute towards the betterment of sanitation facilities in this area. These facilities also inculcate behavior of toilet use as well as of effective solid waste management among students and the general public. Hence, the proposed project also will address basic sanitation issues through the provision of institutional toilet and solid waste management.

124. The site plan of each sub system is depicted in the figures given below:

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Figure IV-VI: Location of Rupnagar Boring Site Plan

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Figure IV-VII: Rupnagar Boring Site Plan

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Figure IV-VIII: Location of Kanchanpur Boring Site Plan

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Figure IV-IX: Kanchanpur Boring Site Plan

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Figure IV-X: Location of Dharampur Boring Site Plan

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Figure IV-XI: Dharampur Boring Site Plan

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

C. Land Requirement for the proposed components

122. There land requirement details of the proposed components is as follows:

Table IV-III: Land Requirement Details SN Component/ Location Capacity Status Land Minimum Land Involuntary resettlement Compensation/ Documents Sources ownership Land Available and Indigenous Peoples Mitigation Details required(Biga/ (Biga/Kattha Impact Measures Kattha/dhur) /dhur) A. Water Supply Components 1 Overhead Kanchanrup OHT: Existing Government 0-5-0-0 0-8-15-0 Municipality /Government Not required. Consent letter Tank, Municipality, 450cum plot no. 12 (1693.77 sq.m) (2966.86sq.m land, Vacant barren land, Vacant land under received from Ward No.8, ) No objection letter the ownership of Kanchanrup 2 Treatment Kanchanpur 32/lps Proposed received from GoV. Any Municipality Plant, Presser Municipality No non-title unanticipated Annex-J filter users and squatters. No impacts will be Generator and (7.3mx Proposed IR impacts anticipated. treated as per the Compressor 7.3m) Existing WUSC Resettlement house GH-2 compound. Framework and Deep Boring 16.5/lps each one existing two Entitlement (3 Tube Well) Proposed Matrix for Guard House (5.05mx Proposed UWSSP, through GH-2 5.8m) a provisional sum included in the Bill of Quantity (BoQ). 3 Overhead Kanchanrup OHT: Proposed Government 0-5-0-0 1-0-1-0- 0 The land is public land Not required. Any Consent letter Tank, Municipality, 250 cum plot no. 173 (1693.77 sq.m) (6792.031 under the ownership of unanticipated received from Treatment Ward No.12, Proposed for all sq.m) Kanchanrup Muncipality/ impacts will be Kanchanrup Plant, Presser Rupnagar proposed Government. Site treated as per the Municipality filter structures observation reveals that Resettlement Annex-J Office (11m×7.3m) Proposed site is non-agricultural Framework and building land and without bushes. Entitlement There are no structures in Matrix for Generator and (7.3mx Proposed and around the site. There UWSSP, through compressor 7.3m) are no any private a provisional sum house GH-2 enterprises/farm and off included in the Dosing pump 3.45mx2.3m Proposed farm activities. Therefore Bill of Quantity no involuntary (BoQ). Deep Boring (2mx2m) one existing two resettlement and (3 Tube Well) each Proposed indigenous people's

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP SN Component/ Location Capacity Status Land Minimum Land Involuntary resettlement Compensation/ Documents Sources ownership Land Available and Indigenous Peoples Mitigation Details required(Biga/ (Biga/Kattha Impact Measures Kattha/dhur) /dhur) Guard House (10mx10m) Existing impacts are anticipated.

4 Ground Kanchanrup 150 cum Existing Government 0-2-0-0 0-2-0-0 Existing Compound of Not required. Consent letter Reservoir Municipality, plot number (677.5093 (677.5093 WUSC/water supply Existing WUSC received from Ward not available. Sq. m) Sq. m) services. The land is compound. Kanchanrup No.12,Dharamp public land under the Municipality ur ownership of Kanchanrup Annex-J Guard House 5.05mx5.8m Proposed Muncipality/ Government. GH2 Site observation reveals that site is non- agricultural land and without bushes. There are no any private enterprises/farm and off farm activities. Therefore no involuntary resettlement and indigenous people's impacts are anticipated. 5 One Guard Kanchanrup Existing Government 0-2-0-0 0-2-0-0 Existing Compound of Not required. Consent letter House Municipality, plot no.249 (677.5093 (677.5093 WUSC/water supply Existing WUSC received from Deep Boring Ward No.12, Existing Sq. m) Sq. m) services. The land is compound. Kanchanrup one Dharampur public land under the Municipality

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP SN Component/ Location Capacity Status Land Minimum Land Involuntary resettlement Compensation/ Documents Sources ownership Land Available and Indigenous Peoples Mitigation Details required(Biga/ (Biga/Kattha Impact Measures Kattha/dhur) /dhur) Deep Boring Proposed ownership of Kanchanrup Annex-J one Muncipality/ Government. Site observation reveals that site is non- agricultural land and without bushes. There are no any private enterprises/farm and off farm activities. Therefore no involuntary resettlement and indigenous people's impacts are anticipated.

6 Deep Boring Kanchanrup Proposed Government 0-2-0-0 0-2-0-0 Kanchanrup Muncipality/ Municipality Consent letter Municipality, plot number (677.5093 (677.5093 Government. Site /Government land received from Ward No.12 not available. Sq. m) Sq. m) observation reveals that , Vacant barren Kanchanrup site is non-agricultural land, No Municipality land and without bushes. objection letter Annex-J There are no any private received from enterprises/farm and off Municipality No farm activities. Therefore non-title users and no involuntary squatters. No resettlement and Iinvoluntary indigenous people's Resettlement impacts impacts anticipated. B. Sanitation Components 1. Institutional Durga Primary Proposed Durga Primary 36.05 Sq. m. 36.05 Sq. m. This land belong s to the Not required Consent Letter Toilet School, School (GoN) school authority and this received from Kanchanrup school is under School Municipality, Government of Nepal. Authority Ward No.11 This toilet is for the use of (Refer Annex students of that school J)

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP SN Component/ Location Capacity Status Land Minimum Land Involuntary resettlement Compensation/ Documents Sources ownership Land Available and Indigenous Peoples Mitigation Details required(Biga/ (Biga/Kattha Impact Measures Kattha/dhur) /dhur) only. The construction of this toilet can be considered as grant through the UWSSSP. Hence, there will be no impact in regard to Involuntary resettlement and Indigenous People. Source: DDR, 2020

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

D. Salient Feature of the Proposed Project

125. The salient features of the proposed project area are given in the table given below:

Table IV-IV: Salient Features of the Project SN. Items Description 1 Name of Project Kanchanrup Water Supply and Sanitation Project Pumping system from deep tube well to OHT and from OHT to 2 Type Distribution System by Gravity 3 Study Level Final Detailed Engineering Design 4 Location Area Region/ Province Province-2 Zone Sagarmatha District Saptari VDC/Municipality Kanchanrup Municipality Kanchanrup Municipality: Ward no 4: Former Jagatpur VDC( ward1, 2, 5, 6, 8, and 9) Ward no 7: Former Dharampur VDC (ward1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) Ward no 8: Former Kanchanpur VDC(1-9), Kanchanpur Water supply system will cover along both side of the highway Service Area Ward no 9: Former Rupnagar (ward 5, 6) & Former Dharampur Ward and Settlement VDC (6, 7, 9) w/s system will cover along the highway area. Ward no. 11: Former Dhodhanpur VDC (ward 9), Ward no 12: Former Rupnagar VDC (1, 2, 3, 4, and 7) & Rupnagar water supply system and Dharampur water supply systems proposed to cover both side of E-W High way. 5 Available Facilities Road Available, project area lies along and upstream of East - West Highway None, the system was in construction stage and stopped after entering Water Supply System into UWSSP Electricity Available Communication Available Health Services Available Banking Facilities Available 6 Social Status Present/ Survey Year HHs 4,464 Numbers (2018) Present / Survey Year Population 24,464 (2018) Base Year Population (2023) 27,010 Design Year Population (2040) 37,822 Average HHS size 5.48 Growth Rate % (WGR) 2.00 Projected HHs in Design Year 6,901 (based on GR) 7 Water Demand (MLD) Base Year (2023) 3.42 Design Year (2040) 4.78 8 Source Characteristics Source Name Ground water Source Type Deep Tubewell Within the service area at 3 locations ( Rupnagar, Kanchanpur, Source Location Dharampur) 9 Type of Components a) Water Supply Components Deep tubewell at three location/ within the service area Proposed intakes/ tube well Rupnagar: 1 existing; 2 new

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

SN. Items Description Kanchanpur: 1 existing ; 2 new Dharampur: 1 existing; 2 new Rupnagar: 3 nos @40HP Pumping details Kanchanpur: 3 nos @ 45HP

Dharampur: 3 nos @ 12.5HP Pressure Filter followed by disinfection Rupnagar: 2 set (10-20lps, having total at least 30lps) Water treatment plant Kanchanpur: 2 set(15-20lps, having total at least 35lps) Dharampur: 1 set (12-20lps, having at least 15lps) Rupnagar: OHT 250cum, new Ground Reservoir / Overhead Kanchanrup: OHT 450cum construction complete except pipe and Reservoir (No and Capacity in fittings (existing) CUM) Dharampur: GR 150cum, existing Rupnagar: 3 Deep boring platform (No.) Kanchanpur: 3 Dharampur: 3 Valve Chamber (Bricks/ RCC) 24 Nos Pipe valve box 89Nos

Rupnagar: Office building -1no; Generator house -1no;Dosing station-1no; Compressor house, Boundary wall (partial length) Office Cum GH (O1),Guard House (G1), Guard House cum store Kanchanpur: (G2),Dosing House (DH), Guard house (G1)-1no;Generator house-1no;Dosing station-1no; Generator House cum store(GH), Compressor house, Boundary wall (partial length) Boundary wall (BW) Dharampur Guard house G2-1no at RVT site); At existing tubewell site Generator house-1no, Dosing station-1no, Compressor house, Boundary wall Household Connection (no) 4,464 Connection for institutions(no) 39 Fire Hydrant (no) 9 Khola crossing (no) 3 Length of pipe in transmission 2,275.00m main (from tube well to GR/ OHT) Length of pipe in Distribution pipe 122,906.00m line Washout pipe from RVTs 450.00m 125,631.00m Total pipe length (m)

b) Sanitation Components Institutional Toilet 1 no. Tractor with Bucket 1 set Rupnagar: 2 10 Number of DMAs Kanchanpur: 2 Dharampur: 2 Total Cost of WS Component 11 (Inclusive contingencies and 682,892,355.29 VAT ) NRs. 12 Cost Sharing Arrangement (NRs) 478,024,648.70 GON Component (70 %)

170,723,088.82 TDF Loan (25 %)

13 Upfront (Cash) Contribution WUSC (2%) 13,657,847.11

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

SN. Items Description 20,486,770.66 Municipality (3%)

14 Tariff Up to 6 cum/monthly (NRs) 15 per cum 7 to 10 cum/monthly (NRs) 25 per cum 11 to 20cum/monthly (NRs) 35 per cum 21-30 cum/monthly (NRs) 45 per cum Above 30cum/ month 50 per cum Weighted av. Tariff (NRs./cum) 15 Financial Indicators EIRR (Base case), % 21.30% FIRR(Base case), % 16.60% AIFC ( Base case), NRs per cum 24.40 AIEC (Base case), NRs per cum 21.20 16 Environment ADB Category B, Only IEE necessary B, Only IEE necessary IEE finding No significant adverse impact. No significant adverse impact. 17 Per Capita Cost for W/S component Per Capita Cost (for base year 25,282.95 pop.), NRs Per Capita Cost (for design year 18,055.43 pop.), NRs Total cost of Sanitation Component 5,656,901.84 18 (including contingencies ans VAT), NRs GON Component (85 %) 4,808,366.56 848,535.28 Local Authority (15 %)

Total cost of Water Supply and 688,549,257.13 19 Sanitation Component(including contingencies ans VAT), NRs

Source: Final DEDR, 2021

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

V. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Physical Environment and Resources

i. Landforms and Topography

126. The municipality lies between 26.64° Latitude and 86.91° Longitude.The project town lies in the plain Terai region. Hence, the project area has flat topography i.e., it has been characterized by flat land. The project area is a fertile cultivated teria plain. ii. Geology and Soils

127. The project area is largely composed of very fine-grained sediments such as variegated mudstone, siltstone and shale with smaller amounts of fine-grained sandstone.

128. This project area is characterized by coarse sandy cobble material and clayey loamy soil with sandy soil. No rock formation is observed nor expected on shallow depth. iii. Climate

129. The climate of the project area is lower tropical temperate climate with dry in winter and warm in summer. There are several rain gauge stations and climatological station in Saptari district. The nearest climatological station no 1212 at Phattepur, 1223 at Rajbiraj and rainfall station 1226 at Barmajhiya are situated in Saptari district. The required data from this station is used for the project. The temperature ranges from 33 o to 36 o during summer and 23 o to -1 o during winter. The mean monthly temperature is 24.9°C. The average annual rainfall is 1,000 mm, which is slightly less than 1400 mm, the average precipitation of Nepal.

130. The driest month is December, with 2 mm of rain. The rainy season starts from June and ends in September when the monsoon blows across the Bay of Bengal and delivers about 80 % of the annual rainfall. The most precipitation falls in August. The average monthly average rainfall (in mm) is presented in Table V-I.

Table V-I: Average Monthly Rainfall Data of Kanchanrup Municipality Month Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Monthly Average 17 5 9 24 91 286 334 373 256 82 7 2 Rainfall (mm) Source: DHM, 2016

131. June is the warmest month of the year. The temperature in June averages 29.2 °C. January is the coldest month of the year. It is 16.2 °C. December and January are cooler months with average temperatures of 17.3 and 16.2º C respectively. The monthly average temperature is presented in Table V-II.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Table V-II: Average Monthly Temperature of Kanchanrup Municipality (°C) Average Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Monthly e Temperature 16. 18. 23.2 27.6 29.1 29.2 28.7 28.6 27.9 26.3 21.7 17.3 2 2 Source: DHM, 2016

132. There is a difference of 371mm of precipitation between the driest and wettest months. During the year, the average temperatures vary by 13.0 °C.

iv. Water Resources

133. Saptakoshi River is the major river flowing north to south nearby this project town. Similarly, there are various small rivers like Sundari Khola, Khelaiya River etc. in this project town. The proposed Dharampur boring site is also located near the bank of this Kheliya river. However, Ground water is the main & reliable source of the project area. These rivers play vital role in the groundwater recharge.

v. Air Quality

134. Air pollution is caused by fugitive dust from vehicle movements, particularly over unpaved roads and other unpaved grounds, construction activities, and wind action on unpaved exposed surfaces. Gas emissions generally comes from household cooking, open burning, and moving vehicles. Emissions from these sources are scattered/spread apart, both in terms of locations and timing. Though there is a lack of secondary information on air quality for the project area, the ambient air quality is expected to be within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards of Nepal as there are no such big industries and the traffic volume is also very low. vi. Acoustic Environment

135. The sources of noise in the project town are the construction activities and vehicle movement. The anthropogenic noise is confined in few clustered settlements and in market places. Noise levels in the project area are expected to be within permissible standards prescribed by the Ministry of Environment of the GoN.

B. Biological Environment

i. Flora

136. The major plant life forms species available in the project area are given in Table V-III below:

Table V-III: Plant Life Forms Found in the Project Area S. No. Scientific Name English Name Local Name 1. Terminalia alata Indian Laurel Saj 2. Bambusa vulgaris Bamboo Baans 3. Ficus bengalensis L. Banyan Bar

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

S. No. Scientific Name English Name Local Name 4. Butea monosperma Bastard Teak Palas 5. Cocos nucifera L. Coconut Nariwal 6. Bombax ceiba L. Silk Cotton Tree Simal 7. Senegalia catechu Cutch Tree Khayar 8. Eucylaptus Gum Tree Masala 9. Syzygium cumini Java Plum Jamun 10. Mangifera indica L. Mango Aap 11. Schima wallichii Needlewood Tree Chilaune 12. Dalbergia sissoo North Indian Rosewood Sisau 13. Quercus alba White Oak Katus 14. Ficus religiosa Peepal Peepal 15. Shorea robusta Sal Sal 16. Tectona grandis L. Teak Saagaun 17. Alstonia scholaris Devil Tree Saptaparna 18. Typha latifolia Cattail 19. Imperata cylindrica Cogongrass 20. Phragmites australis Common Reed Karka 21. Zostera Eel Grass 22. Rauwolfia serpentina Indian Snakeroot Sarpagandha 23. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Indian Trumpet Flower Karamkanda 24. Nelumbo nucifera Lotus Kamal 25. Saccharum sp. Sugarcane Ukhu Source: IEE Field Study, 2018/019 ii. Fauna

137. Some species of mammals existing either within or in the vicinity of the project area is given below. The status of these mammals are as per IUCN & IBAT reports.

Table V-IV: Mammals in the Project Area S. Scientific Name English Name Local Name Status No. 1 Odocoileus virginiana White Tailed Deer Mriga LC 2 Elephas maximus Asian Elephant Hatti EN 3 Canis aureus Golden Jackal Syaal LC 4 Axis porcinus Hog Deer Laguna/Pade EN 5 Panthera pardus Leopard Chituwa VU 6 Herpestes auropunctatus Mongoose Nyauri Musa LC 7 Macacca mulatta Monkey Badar LC 8 Lutrogale perspicillata Smooth – coated Otter Pani Biralo VU Paanch Dharke 9 Funambulus pennantiii Northern Palm Squirrel LC Lokharke 10 Sus scrofa Wild Boar Bandel LC

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

S. Scientific Name English Name Local Name Status No. 14 Bubalus anree Wild Water Buffalo Arna EN

Source: Field Survey, 2018/019

138. According to the Table V-IV, though most of the species belong to threatened species, the project town is not a habitat for these species. All these species are well protected by Kosh Tappu Wildlife Reserve. Specifically, it is known that Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve was established in 1976 to conserve the last remaining population of wild water buffalo, locally known as Arna. Hence, the project construction activities may not affect the existence of these species.

139. It is said that Koshi Tappu is one of the major bird watching sites. It is one of the 27 IBA (Important Bird and Biodiversity Area) in Nepal. During winter many winter migratory birds from China, Mongolia, and Siberia can be seen around the reserve. The commonly found species of birds are given in the table given below:

Table V-V: List of Birds in the Project Area S. English Name Local Name Scientific Name Status No. Malacocincla 1 Ab Motothude Bhyakur botts’s Babbler abbotti Houbaropsis 2 Bengal Floricans Kharamjur CR* bengalens Coracina 3 Kalo Tauke Birahi Chari Black Headed Cuckooshrike melanoptera 4 Common Golden-Eye Swarna Nayan Haans Bucephala clangula 5 Crow Kaag Corvus splendus Cucuclus 6 Koili Cuckoo micropterus 7 Dove Dhukur Streptopelia 8 Dusky Eagleowl Bhasoluk Bubo coromandus 9 Gull-billed Tern Gangachilthude Phyalphyale Sterna nilotica Caprimulgus 10 Indian Nightjar Chukchuke Chaite Chara asiaticus 11 Large Adjutant Stork Garud Leptoptilus dubius VU* Boksi Chil Haliaeetus VU* 12 Pallas’s Fish Eagle leucoryphus 13 Pigeon Parewa Columba livia 14 Rufous-vented grass babbler Kailokanthe Dikurebhyakur Laticilla burnesii 15 Sparrow Bhangera Passer domesticus 16 Striated Grassbird Narkat Ghansechari Megalurus palustris 17 Swamp Francolin Simatitra Francolinus gularis VU* 18 Water Cock Thulo Jhilli Gallicrex cinerea 19 White Tailed Stonechat Kase Jhyaapsi Saxicola leucurus Source: IEE Field Study, 2018/019

140. According to the Table V-V, one species i.e., Houbaropsis bengalens belongs to the critically endangered species and 3 species viz., Leptoptilus dubius, Haliaeetus leucoryphus

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and Francolinus gularis belong to the vulnerable species under IUCN category. This type of threatened species are well protected by the reserve. Hence, there will not be intervention of project activities into their habitats.

141. As per Wikipedia - List of Butterflies of Nepal based on the list prepared by Colin Smith in 2006, there are 690 species or sub species of butterflies in Nepal. The project area also provides habitats for a variety of butterflies, and during the walk-through surveys, various types of butterflies were observed.

142. The commonly found Herpito-fauna (reptiles & amphibians) observed in the project area are shown in Table V-VI given below:

Table V-VI: List of Herpito-Fauna Found in the Project Area S. Scientific Name English Name Local Name Status No. 1 Ptyas mucosus Rat snake Dhaman LC* 2 Atretium Schistosum Olive Keelback Water Snake Pani Sarpa LC 3 T. albolabris Green Pit Viper Hariyo Sarpa LC* 4 Varanus Bengalensis Common Indian Monitor Bhainse Gohoro LC 5 Calotes versicular Garden lizard Chheparo LC* 6 Hemidactylus Flaviviridis House Lizard Mausuli LC* 7 Rana cyanophylectis Stream Frog Bhyaguto LC* 8 Sphaerotheca swani Frog Bhyaguto - Source: IEE Field Study, 2018/019 iii. Aquatic Life

143. Similarly, the list of common fishes found nearby the project area is given below in Table V-VII. These species are found in Koshi River. As this Koshi river is under the control of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve Authority, fishing in this river has been prohibited. Hence, the project activities will not interven this habitat of aquatic lives.

Table V-VII: List of Fishes Found in the Project Area S. Scientific Name English Name Local Name Status No. 1 Garra Annandalei Stone Roller Chuche Buduna LC 2 Glyptothorax Indicus Catfish Mungri/Kavre LC 3 Heteropneustes fossilis Stinging Catfish Singhi LC 4 Neolissocheilus hexagonolepis Katli Katle LC 5 Mastacembelus Armatus Spiny Eel Bam LC 6 Psilorhynchus Pseudecheneis Stone Carp Tite LC 7 Schizothorax Progastus Dinnawah Snowtrout Chuhhe Asala LC 8 Channa Gachua Dwarf Sankehead Hile LC Source: IEE Field Study, 2018/019

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*Note: (LC= Least Concern; VU= Vulnerable) iv. Protected Area

144. As per IBAT report prepared by ADB (Annex H) and as per our study, it is known that the project town is nearby Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve in the north east which is one of the protected areas of Nepal covering 175 sq. km. area. It was established in 1976 AD and designated as a Ramsar site in December, 1987 AD. Similarly, it is also known that Koshi Barrage that spans the Koshi river is also located in the vicinity of the project area.

145. The IBAT report also mentions that the Koshi Tappu Buffer Zone is located within 1 km of the area of interest. As per our study, the project service area is nearer to buffer zone area however, it does not interfere the buffer zone area which can be clearly seen in the figure given below. Apart of this, no other project components is located within this area.

146. Our study shows that there is no possibility of intervention from the construction works of the proposed project in these protected and key biodiversity areas as this Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve is well protected and is alienated from the project area by the Saptakoshi River. Koshi Barrage is also a way too far from the project area which can be clearly seen in the figure given below.

147. Similarly, the IBAT report also mentions about Dharan Forests as key Biodiversity Area that is located within 50km of the area of interest. Hence, there is no possibility of intervention of the project into this area. The figure given below also clearly shows that the location of Dharan forests is very far from the project area and the project activities will not interven this area also.

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Figure V-I: Location of Protected Areas & Key Biodiversity Areas

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v. Community Forests

148. The study shows that there are not any community forests within the project area.

C. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment i. Demographic Features a) Settlement pattern

149. The settlement pattern of project area is mixed type. The core bazaar area which is located in ward no 8 and 12 are quite dense and populated. Similarly, settlement patern of the other wards are scatered and rural character. However, the settlement pattern is gradually changing and rural cluster are developing as market. b) Population Distribution

150. The present permanent population in the service area is 24,464 and rental is 637. According to the social survey, there are 4,464 households (HHs) in the proposed service area. The average annual growth rate of Kanchanrup Municipality is 1.14%. The growth rate is different at each service area ward. The population growth rate of the Kanchanrup town of Saptari district is taken as 2%. The growth rate is based upon population census 1998 to 2011 of Saptari district, nearest municipality Rajbiraj, Kanchanrup town and NUDS documents. The details are shown in Table V-VIII and V-IX. It is envisaged that the population will be increased than the present scenario after implementation of the scheme. With this assumption and referring NUDS documents, the growth rate 2% is adopted considering that the number of household will be constructed along the both side of major road within design year.

Table V-VIII: Population and Growth Rate Population Growth Population Growth Population Growth Population Description Rate 1981 AD 1991 AD 2001 AD Rate % 2011 AD % Saptari District 379055 2.08 465668 2.05 570282 1.15 639284 Rajbiraj Municipality 24227 2.28 30353 2.2 37738 Kanchanrup 43647 48889 Municipality 35317 2.14 1.14

Table V-IX: Distribution of Permanent and Rental Household and Population 2011 2001 New Population Population Service Area Included In SN Ward House House Growth Municipality (Service (Service Kanchanrup Municipality Hold Hold Rate % Area) Area) 1 4 Kanchanrup 3171 615 3274 539 0.32 Jagatpur(1,2,5,6,8,9) 2 7 Kanchanrup 2863 588 2423 437 -1.655 Dharampur (1,2,3,4,5) 3 8 Kanchanrup 7435 1452 6007 1068 -2.11 Kanchanpur(1-9) Kanchanrup Rupnagar (5,6) &Dharampur 4 9 3119 624 2927 558 -0.635 (6,7,9) Kanchanrup Rupnagar (1,2,3,4,7) 5 11, 12 0.594 3039 688 3224 637 &Dhodhanpur(9) TOTAL 19627 3967 17855 3239 Source: Final DEDR,2021

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151. As per socioeconomic survey (2018), the present population in the proposed service area is 24,464 in 4,464 HHs. Out of the total 24,464 permanent population, there are 12,614 male and 11,850 female living in 4,464 HHs. The permanent population of the project area at the end of design period of 23 years (1 year survey year + 2 year construction + 20 years project life) is projected as 37,822 with an average annual growth rate 2%. The rental population is very less ie 637 in comparision with permanent population.The water demand for this insignificant rental population is kept in non-domestic demand category.

152. The population growth rate percentage of the project area is determined based upon population census 1991 AD and 2001 AD, 2011AD of the Saptari district, Rajbiraj Municipality, Kanchanrup Municipality, NUDS documents and possibility of population migration from surroundings in the proposed service area. This has been consulted with WUSC. ii. Caste & Ethnicity

153. The composition of community by caste/ethnic is heterogeneous in nature. So, diversity of culture, custom, tradition, norms and values are existing in the project area. The household survey of the sub project area has also reflected the cross section of major ethnic groups of the country.

154. The survey revealed that Madhesi are the major groups comprising 44.7%(1996) households in the servic area. Similalry, Brahmin/Chhetri are the second largest group comprising 24.70% (1104) of total household whereas, Janajati/ethnic (Newar, Tharu, Magar etc.) and Dalit comprises 17.20%(770)and 13.3%(594) respectively. The details are presented in the table given below:

Table V-X: Distribution of Households and Population by Ethnic Composition Ward # S.N. Caste/Ethnic Status Total % 4 7 8 9 11 12 1 Brahmin/Chhetry 68 124 263 117 30 502 1104 24.7 2 Janajati 161 35 149 65 37 323 770 17.2 3 Dalit 110 5 175 132 60 112 594 13.3 4 Madhesi 215 50 939 321 235 236 1996 44.7 Grand Total 554 214 1526 635 362 1173 4464 100 Source: Socio-economic Survey, 2018 iii. Male/Female Ratio

155. According to the survey, family size (5.59) of the service area is more than national size of 4.8 (CBS Nepal-2011). The detailed information of population by sex and family size are given in the tables below:

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Table V-XI:Distribution of Population By Sex and Family Size Total Average S.N. Ward # Male Female Total Household Family Size 1 4 554 1680 1658 3338 6.03 2 7 214 574 545 1119 5.23 3 8 1526 4090 3868 7958 5.21 4 9 635 1831 1638 3469 5.46 5 11 362 1167 1088 2255 6.23 6 12 1173 3272 3053 6325 5.39

Grand Total 4464 12614 11850 24464 5.59 Source: Socio-economic Survey, 2018 Table V-XII:Distribution of Population By Sex and Family Size S. N. Sex Total Population Percent 1 Male 12614 51.56 2 Female 11850 48.44 Total 24464 100.00 Source: Socio-economic Survey, 2018 iv. Economic Activities a) Landholding Size and Ownership

156. This is one of the major indicators to assess the economic status of a household within the community. Hence, the land holding pattern as well as the land ownership status has been recorded and assessed so far.

157. The survey shows that about 30.67% of household have less than 5 Kattha of land whereas 58.56% of households are holding 6-20 Kattha of land so far. The survey also shows that about 90.56%(4043) of household have their own land whereas only 4.21%(421) do not own land. The details of landholding pattern and land ownership details of each ward of project area is presented in the tables given below:

Table V-XIII: Land Holding Pattern in Service Area Ward # S.N. Kattha Total % 4 7 8 9 11 12 1 <5 Kattha 70 139 61 331 167 700 1369 30.67 2 '6-20 Kattha 103 75 1465 304 195 473 2614 58.56 3 21-50 Kattha 81 0 0 0 0 0 20 0.45 4 >50 Kattha 300 0 0 0 0 0 461 10.33 Grand Total 554 214 1526 635 362 1173 4464 100 Source: Socio-economic Survey, 2018

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Table V-XIV: Status of Land Ownership in Service Area Ward # S.N. Ownership of Land Total % 4 7 8 9 11 12 1 Yes 283 202 1251 611 346 1150 4043 90.56 2 No 71 12 275 24 16 23 421 4.21 Grand Total 554 214 1526 635 362 1173 4464 100 Source: Socio-economic Survey, 2018 b) Economy: Occupation/Employment

158. During the socioeconomic survey, detailed information has been collected regarding the major occupation of all the household heads. As a result of the survey as illustrated in the table given below shows that the highest number of population i.e., 73.00% engaged in agriculture, whereas 11.90% population depend on business, 1.80% of population are engaged in service. Similarly, about 0.50% and 1.60% of household head are dependent upon industry and remittance respectively. Similarly, 8.20% of total HHs are engaged as labour while the remaining 3.0% of total HHs are involved in other activities.The detailed information on the occupation of the household head has been presented in the table given below:

Table V-XV: Status of Land Ownership in Service Area Ward # S.N. Family Occupation Total % 4 7 8 9 11 12 1 Agriculture 34 13 192 30 13 37 319 73.0 2 Business 3 0 49 0 0 0 52 11.9 3 Service 0 0 7 1 0 0 8 1.8 4 Industry 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0.5 5 Remittance 0 0 0 4 0 3 7 1.6 6 Labour 2 0 8 8 3 15 36 8.2 7 Other 0 0 12 0 0 1 13 3.0 Grand Total 39 13 270 43 16 56 437 100 Source: Socio-economic Survey, 2018 c) Monthly Income

159. The survey revealed that main sources of household income of the service area are agriculture, service, remittance and wage labour, respectively. Among the total households, 40.57% have monthly income of more than Rs. (20,001-50,000) and about 43.28% of household have monthly income of Rs. (10,876 - 20,000). Likewise, 1.23% of total households are earning more than Rs. 50,000. The study shows that only 9.79%(437) of households falls under poor category that covers the households with income less than Rs 7,500 per month.The monthly income of HHs in the service area is given in table below:

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Table V-XVI: Income Level of Households by Ward Ward # S.N. Monthly Income Total % 4 7 8 9 11 12 1 Rs.50001 5 0 14 2 4 30 55 1.23 Grand Total 554 214 1526 635 362 1173 4464 100 Source: Socio-economic Survey, 2018 d) Monthly Expenditure

160. The socioeconomic survey has also assessed the details on the monthly expenditure of each households of the service area. The survey revealed that among 4464 households, 16.40% (730) HHs expend less than Rs. 7500 per month. Similarly, 29.90% (1336) households have monthly expenditure level of the range (Rs. 7,500-10,875) whereas 43.40% (1939) of total household's expenses are in the range of Rs. (10,876 to 20,000). Likewise, about 10.10% (450) of total households expend within the range (Rs 20,001- 50,000) per month. Similarly, only 0.20% (9) of household's expenses are more than Rs. 50,000. Hence, it is found that expenditure level is less than income level of households within the service area. So, it can be assumed that capacity for upfront cash contribution and affordability of community for regular tariff collection after implementation seems high. The details of monthly expenditure level are presented in the table below:

Table V-XVII: Expenditure Level of Households by Ward Ward # S.N. Monthly Expenditure Total % 4 7 8 9 11 12 1 Rs.50001 4 0 3 0 0 2 9 0.2 Grand Total 554 214 1526 635 362 1173 4464 100 Source: Socio-economic Survey, 2018 e) Willingness To Pay

1. Monthly Water Tariff

161. The sampled survey was carried out to observe the response of the community towards the willingness to pay for monthly water tariff. As per the findings, out of total 230 sampled households, 41.74% (96) households prefer to pay monthly water tariff from Rs. 151 to 200 whereas about 18.26% (42) of sampled households prefer to pay tariff from Rs. 201-250. Similarly, 4.78% (11) of the sampled households are willing to pay between Rs. 250-301 per month. Likewise, the survey also shows that 13.48% (31) of the sampled HHs are willing to pay from Rs. 301 to Rs.350. Similarly, only 2.17% (5) and 3.04% (7) of the

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sampled HHs are willing to pay between Rs. 351 & Rs.400 and between Rs.401 & Rs.450 respectively. The survey also shows that 6.09% (14) and 10.43% (24) of 230 sampled households are observed to be willing to pay between Rs. 451 & Rs.500 and more than Rs. 500 respectively. The details information about willingness to pay monthly water Tariff is presented in the table below.

Table V-XVIII: Willingness to Pay for Monthly Water by Ward

Ward S.N. Tariff Range Total % 4 7 8 9 11 12

1 >Rs. 500 1 3 0 12 0 8 24 10.43 2 Rs. 451-500 1 4 0 3 0 6 14 6.09 3 Rs. 401-45 0 4 0 1 0 2 7 3.04 4 Rs. 351-400 0 2 0 1 0 2 5 2.17 5 Rs. 301-350 4 2 0 19 0 6 31 13.48 6 Rs. 251-300 0 4 0 6 0 1 11 4.78

7 Rs. 201-250 3 5 2 2 0 30 42 18.26 8 Rs. 151-200 10 38 2 8 5 33 96 41.74

Grand Total 19 62 4 52 5 88 230 100 Source: Socio-economic Survey, 2018

2. Upfront Cash Distribution

162. The detailed soioeconomic survey also assesses details on willingness to pay for upfront cash contribution. As per the survey, 91% (4064) of total 4464 HHs showed willingness to pay 5% up-front cash contribution for the proposed project. That means only 8.96% (400) of total 4464 HHs seemed reluctant for upfront cash contribution. It shows that majority of the HHs are ready to contribute required upfront cash so far. Similarly, most of the poor HHs has also shown interest towards this project and willingness for cash contribution even there is provision of free tap connection to poor households. This indicates the longing, the people of the project town have for this proposed project.

3. Affordability

163. The study has also assessed the affordability of community in terms of monthly income level for expense on water supply & sanitation service. Hence, while assessing the income level of households, it has been observed that only 9.79% (437) of 4464 households falls below poverty level as per the implementation guidelines (Income< 7500 per month).This means more than 85% of households can afford monthly water tariff and contribute for up front cash. Hence, afffordability of the community has been observed as encouraging and positive towards the program.

164. The WUSC can manage provision of subsidy to poor households for regular monthly tariff assessing the economic condition and affordability. As per the approach of Gesi maainstreaming, inclusion of marginal sections in service delivery is meaningfull to inclusion aspect as well as sustainability of the program after construction phase.

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165. The institutional data shows that there are 17 educational institutions including two Multiple Campus one Nursing campus, eight higher secondary level schools as well as one children home was recorded in service area with 6307 people including students, staffs and teachers. The study also shows that almost all of the educational institutions rely on well/tube well/Deep tube well.

166. The survey also revealed that about 20.78% (924) of total 4464 households are illiterate. Whereas, just literate ratio is 60.40% (2698). Other details are as follows:

Table V-XIX: Education Status of Household Head Ward # S.N. Education Status % 4 7 8 9 11 12 Total 1 Illiterate 172 15 462 91 30 154 924 20.7 2 Literate 163 191 506 536 329 973 2698 60.4 3 Primary 39 2 74 3 0 9 127 2.8 4 Secondary 22 0 46 0 0 5 73 1.6 5 SLC 83 2 207 3 0 20 315 7.1 6 Intermideate 39 2 119 1 1 6 168 3.8 7 Bachelors 20 2 76 1 1 4 104 2.3 8 Masters 16 0 36 0 1 2 55 1.2 Grand Total 554 214 1526 635 362 1173 4464 100 Source: Socio-economic Survey, 2018 vi. Health & Sanitation a) Health Posts/Hospitals

167. General Medical facilities are also available in the service area. There are four medical institutions including one hospital and three health posts with total 18 bed capacities was recorded. Similarly, there is also facility of some polyclinics and pharmaceutical stores in the project town.

168. For further diagnosis and other complex health issues, most of the people are prefer going to the nearby towns namely Biratnagar, Dharan and Rajbiraj. b) Incidence of Water-Borne Diseases and Infectious Diseases

169. The survey also collected cases of water borne diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, stomach ache and skin disease etc. within the service area. It was found that the cases of mortality by water related diseases are nil. The information related to water borne and communicable disease was crossed checked by visiting hospital and health posts within the service area. According to the survey, about 4.26% (1042) suffered from diarrhea whereas 3.05% (747) suffered from dysentry. Simialrly, about 1.12%(122) have been suffered from other diseasess such as skin, stomach pain, fever etc. In total, about 2.48%(607) of total population suffered from water related diseases.

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170. The main reason behind the incidence of water borne diseases can be the use of unprotected water source, consumption of raw drinking water and poor sanitation behaviour. This minimal number of incidence of diarrheal disease as well as other water borne diseases can be further reduced by the proposed project as this project ensures safety around the source & intake area, facilitate beneficiaries through provision of water treatment system and inculcate proper sanitation behaviour through the construction of public toilet.This can be one of the beneficial impacts of the proposed project and can be augmented as well through certain measures. This has been integrated in environmental management plan (EMP) as the beneficial impact that improves the health & hygiene of the people of the project town through the effective implementation of the proposed project.

vii. Community Infrastructures

a) Water Supply

I. Existing Systems

171. There are three piped water supply sub-system in the new service area. Beside this, shallow tube well are in existence. Among them, major systems are described in brief as follows:

1. Kanchanpur Water Supply System: This system proposes to supply water from deep boring system. It is under construction phase. The water from the tube well will be lifted to RCC overhead tank with 450m3 capacity from deep boring of 125m depth. The construction of this OHT has recently been completed except pipeline fittings works and will be used for the new system. This supplies water to the ward no.8 of Kanchanrup Municipality. The transformer (50KVA) and submersible pump (25 and 50 HP) already exist within this site and are not in use since long time. However their capacity and working system do not comply with the new design due to which they cannot be used in the new system. Similarly, the existing office building and boundary wall need some rehabilitation works. The pipe laying works of about 2 km is done randomly in Kanchanpur bazaar. The size of those pipes is found to be small and cannot be used in this proposed project. The boundary wall also exists within this site and will be rehabilitated as necessary to bring it in use for the proposed system. Similarly, there also exists one old building that can be used as a storehouse after some rehabilitation works.

2. Rupnagar Water Supply System: This system is under construction phase and is deep boring system. The groundwater will be lifted to the RCC overhead tank with 125m3 capacity from the proposed boring at 138m depth. The OHT was in under construction but the quality is very poor and is not used for the new system. Another RVT of 250 m3 capacity is proposed for the new water supply system. This will supply water to the ward no.12 of Kanchanrup Municipality. The transformer (60KVA) and submersible pump (50HP) already exist within the site of this system. These were not in use since long time. However, their capacity and working system do not comply with the new design due to which they cannot be used in the new system. Similarly, Office building is also

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proposed for this new system while the boundary wall will be newly constructed in partial length only and the remaining length will be rehabilitated. This system also comprises one building that will be used as guard house and store.

3. Dharampur Water Supply System: This system is in under construction phase and proposes to supply water from deep boring. The water from the tube well will be fed through RCC ground reservoir of 150m3 capcity. The construction of the existing RVT is already completed and can be used with arrangement of pipe and fittings. The distance between reservoir and boring is nearly about 320m. This supplies water in ward no.12 of Kanchanrup Municipality. The transformer (50KVA) and submersible pump (50HP) already exist within this site. However, these are not in use since long time. Our study shows that the existing transformer can be used in new system after testing but the pump is in higher side and cannot be used. The 100mm riser pipe in 250mm housing in tube well is kept in the existing tube well. We know that 60 KVA transformers can operate 50HP pump but 50KVA cannot operate 50HP pump. Hence, it can be understood that the size of existing transformer and pump in this site are kept without considering any design concept. Similarly, this existing tube well site already comprises one newly constructed building that can be used in the new system as guardhouse cum store. The Number of tube wells here is increased at each sub system in the design of the new system. The existing ground RVT & tube well site are well protected by the boundary wall and are in good condition.

172. The detail information of each sub-system has been presented in Table V-XX:

Table V-XX: Detailed Information about Existing Structures S.N. Existing Structures Status/ Condition Used in the New System (Yes or No) 1 Kanchanpur Tubewell -1no Development required Yes, well development of tube will require OHT- 450cum, construction complete except Good, pipe fittings works Yes, pipe and fitting will pipe fittings works to be installed require Transformer 50 KVA Not used from beginning No, NEA may replace, if and this size will not condition is good match for the new system Pump -50HP Not known and need only No 3 nos @ 45HP for new system Pipe line about 2km of small size No nearby OHT site but their sizes are not known and cannot meet for new design Store building Old builidng Yes, this will be used for the purpose of store after some repair works

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S.N. Existing Structures Status/ Condition Used in the New System (Yes or No) Boundary wall Good in most of the length Yes, necessary rehabilitation and replacement in some length will be carried out during implementation 2 Rupnagar Tubewell -1no Development required Yes, well development will require OHT- 125cum underconstruction Poor quality, construction No stopped and discarded Transformer 60 KVA Not used from beginning No, NEA may replace, if and this size will not condition is good match for the new system Pump -50HP Not known and need only No 3 nos @ 40HP for new system Pipe line Few length, but the sizes No are small and details are not available Building Good Yes, this will be used for guard house cum store Boundary wall Good in most of the length Yes, necessary rehabilitation and replacement in some length will be carried out during implementation 3 Dharampur Tubewell -1no Development required Yes GRVT- 150cum, construction complete, Good, pipe fittings are Yes under sizes and will be replaced as per requirement Transformer 50 KVA Not used from beginning No, the condition will be but the size is enough for checked during the new system implementation and decided. Hence, in design phase new transformer has been proposed. Pump -50HP Not known and need only No 3 nos @ 12.50HP for new system Building Good at existing tube well Yes, this will be used for site guard house cum store Boundary wall Good at GRVT location Yes, necessary repair will and existing tube well be carried out during implementation Source: Final DEDR, 2021

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173. The survey revealed that largest numbers of household about 93.63% (4179) are fetching water from Tubewell/Handpump/Deep Tubewell and only 4% (174) households are fetching water from well. All households reported that they use same source of water for all purposes as drinking, cooking, bathing, washing clothes, watering in kitchen garden etc.

174. There is no treatment plant in existing systems. The water is directly distributed in few households in the town through overhead / ground reservoir depending upon the elevation of the RVT location. The system is under construction phase, where extensive activities has to be added. The electroctrial mechanical works such as pumps are oversized or expected to extract more water from one tube well. The transformer size is not enough to run the existing pumps.

II. Consumption Level

175. People of service area household about 93.63% (4179) are fetching water from Tubewell/Handpump/Deep Tubewell and only 4(174) households are fetching from well. All households reported that they use same source of water for all purposes as drinking, cooking, bathing, washing clothes, watering in kitchen garden etc. The survey team has collected information related to water consumption level during dry and wet season in the service area. Due to use of water from well, tubewell/handpump/deepwell, public tap and spring, river, consumption pattern and quantity do not vary between two seasons.

176. The survey revealed that water consumption level of each household is found to be 257 liters per day and spent total time of about 74.3 minutes (per trip about 4.8 minutes) to fetching water. Similarly, total trips for collections of water are about 16.3 trips daily. The per capita per day consumption is about 46 liters per day.

III. Water Tariff

177. There was no standared tariff implemented in the system. However, WUSC and community have expressed their views that they are willing to pay monthly water tariff. About 41.47% household prefer to pay monthly water tariff from NRs. 151 to 200, whereas about 18% of households prefer to pay tariff from NRs. 201-250. Similarly, about 13.48% of household are willing to pay between NRs. 151-200 per month. Likewise, about 10.48% of household are willing to pay NRs 301-350 per month. The WUSC has collected NRs 35 lakh as of March, 2020.

IV. Problems of the existing system

178. The problems of the existing water supply system in Kanchanrup Municipality are as follows:

• Some components of the exisiting sustem are not in operation while some need rehabilitation works. Hence, the exisitng system is not able to operate properly.

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• The present system capacity is not sufficient to meet the water demand of the population;

• The existing system supplies water without treatment. Therefore, the existing system has not been able to deliver water quality conforming to NDWQS standards ;

b) Existing Sanitation Situation

I. Sanitary Facilities

179. The study shows that almost all of the households have household latrine facilities within the project area. About 94%(4199) percent of total households have latrine facilities and only 5.9% (265) do not have latrines in their house. The details are presented below in the table:

Table V-XXI: Household Latrine Status by Ward Ward # S.N. Having Latrine Total % 4 7 8 9 11 12 1 Yes 529 183 1448 602 291 1146 4199 94.1 2 No 25 31 78 33 71 27 265 5.9 Grand Total 554 214 1526 635 362 1173 4464 100 Source: Socio-economic Survey, 2018

180. Similarly, the survey has also collected data on the number and type of household latrine status. It shows that about 80.8% (3608) household have pour flush latrine whereas 11% (489) household have pit altirne. About 1.7% (75) have cistern flush type of pit latrine. The table given below gives the details on the latrine facility in the project area.

Table V-XXII: Number and Type of Household Latrine Ward # S.N. Type of Toilet Total % 4 7 8 9 11 12 1 No Toilet 25 31 78 33 71 27 265 5.9 2 Pit 32 0 0 0 0 457 489 11.0 3 Vantilated Pit 27 0 0 0 0 0 27 0.6 4 Pour flush 470 183 1416 602 291 646 3608 80.8 5 Cistern flush 0 0 32 0 0 43 75 1.7 Grand Total 554 214 1526 635 362 1173 4464 100 Source: Socio-economic Survey, 2018

II. Drainage Facilities

181. The service area has storm water drainage facilities in the main market area along the both sides of blacktopped road, but the capacities does not seem to be enough. The service area is located in flat topography with gentle slope from north to south. The water logging problem is not foreseen in the service area. The WUSC has not decided to construct storm drainage at this phase.

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III. Wastewater Management Practices

182. There is no sewerage system in the proposed service area. Most of the households with latrine facilities are equipped with septic tanks.

IV. Solid Waste Management

183. The survey revealed that 59.57% of households are disposing domestic solid waste in the pit near to the house whereas 35% of household disposing their wastes by private collector. It was observed that the respondent have sufficient knowledge about the impact of improper solid waste management on the public health and the surrounding environment. The detailed information are given in the table below:

Table V-XXIII: Existing solid waste management practices S.N. Ward Waste Management Practice Total % 4 7 8 9 11 12 1 Pit Near to House 16 27 4 35 0 55 137 59.57 2 Private Collector 2 31 0 15 4 29 81 35.22 3 Pit/Container managed by VDC/Municipality 0 4 0 2 1 4 11 4.78 4 Others 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.43 Grand Total 19 62 4 52 5 88 230 100 Source: Socio-economic Survey 2018

c) Transportation

184. The distance between Kathmandu and Kanchanrup is about 404 km via Prithvi Rajpath. Simialrly, it is about 309 km east of Kathmandu via BP Highway. Bus, Sumo, Hiace etc. are available from New Buspark, Koteshwor and Kalanki in Kathmandu and it takes 7-8 hours to reach Kanchanrup, Saptari. The Mahendra east west highway passes through Kanchanpur bazaar area in Kanchanrup municipality. Besides public buses, other various modes of transportation are also available in this project town.

d) Irrigation, Communication & Electricity

185. Irrigation facilities are also available in the project town. The study shows that there are various irrigation systems within the project town. Most importantly, Chandra Canal, the first canal of Nepal, passes through this project town. It lies towards the north eastern part of Saptari district. This canal is originated from Triyuga river at a place called Fattepur recently lies in Saptakoshi Municipality.

186. The town is connected to national and international telecommunication network. All kinds of modern telecommunication services are available at reasonable price. Major national daily newspapers print regional editions and are available to readers in early hour of the day.

187. The area is well connected to national electricity grid and 24 hours electricity supply is available in service area.

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188. This project town is famous for the existence of popular temple Vishnu Mandir which is one of the popular religious site of Nepal. This temple was made from full of stone and marbles. This temple is situated about 1km south from the East-West Highway. Likewise, there are also other temples like Bahjneshwore Mahadev at Balauwa, Shiv Mandir at kanchanpur and Dharmeshor Temple at Dharmapur. The Project is not expected to affect any of these religious sites. f) Local Institutions

1. Water Supply and Sanitation User's Association

189. There are existing three independent Water Supply and Sanitation Committees in Kanchanrup town. Rupnagar, Kanchanrup and Dharampur Water supply and sanitation committees consist of 9 to 11 members in each WUSC. Mr. Jit Bahadur Shrestha of Rupnagar, Mr. Raj Kumar Sah of Kanchanpur and Bhuban Bahadur KC of Dharampur are the chairman of respective WUSC, respectively. The Name list and position of the existing WUSC in Rupnagar are given in the table given below:

Table V-XXIV:Name List and Position of WUSC in Rupnagar WSSP S.N. Name Position 1 Mr. Jit Bahadur Shrestha Chairman 2 Mr. Amar Shrestha Secretary 3 Mr. Narayan Timsina Treasurer 4 Ms. Bidhya Devi Shrestha Member 5 Ms. Hajara Bibi Member 6 Mr. Ram Narayan Sah Member 7 Mr. Deu Yadav Member 8 Mr. Saphiulla Miya Member 9 Mr. Rama GC Member Source: Final DEDR, 2021

190. ERDSMC has requested to form one single WUSC for three sub-system. It is known that WUSC has been reformed to represent the whole service area and their name is given below:

Table V-XXV: Name List and Position of Reformed WUSC S.N. Name Position 1 Mr. Bhuwan Bahadur KC Chairman 2 Mr. Rameshowr Kaudasiya Vice Chairman 3 Mr. Roshan Gupta Secretary 4 Ms. Kalpana Chaudhary Treasurer 5 Mr. Shiva Narayan Sah Member 6 Mr. Jit Bahadur Shrestha Member 7 Mr. Ram Dev Mandal Member 8 Ms. Shanti Devi Paswan Member 9 Ms. Ambika Devi Chamaini Member Source: Final DEDR, 2021

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191. The WUSC has established its office Rupnagar. The WUSC is in process of institutional development. They are planning to make its own procedures for O&M including tariff collection. The WUSC is needs to be registered as per water resource act 2049 and drinking water laws 2055.

2. Governmental Organizations/NGOs/CBOs

192. There are 13 governmental organizations that includes Post Office (Jagatpur), NEA (Kanchanpur), Survey Office, Land Revenue Office, Ilaaka Police Office, Traffic Police Office, Ilaka Ranger Office, Agriculture Help Center etc. are available within the project town. Similarly, various non governemental organizations and financial institutions (Banks & Cooperatives) are existing in the area and providing services to the community.

3. Other Development Activities

193. There are 6 local level industries that includes Bijaya Rice Mill, Hanuman Beaten Rice Udhyog, Cow Farming, Humchuli Agriculture Farm, Kabra Mill, pantanjali Food etc. within the project town. Similarly, the survey also shows that there are various hotels & lodges available within the project area that have been boosting the economic activities of the project town.

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VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

A. With- and Without-Subproject Alternatives

194. Analysis of the alternatives of the proposed project is another important process of IEE study that will help to assess the feasibility of the project in regard to technical, environmental & social aspects. Primarily, this involves two alternatives that includes "Without Project" or "Do-nothing" Alternative and "With Project" Alternative. i. Without-project’ or ‘do-nothing’ alternative

195. "Without Project" or "Do-nothing" Alternative conducted study on the existing water supply system to analyze the existing condition of the project town in the absence of the proposed project.

196. The study shows that the residents of the project area are consuming water from Tubewell/Handpump/Deep Tubewell. The water is directly distributed in few households in the town through overhead / ground reservoir depending upon the elevation of the RVT location. The system is under construction phase, where extensive activities have to be added. The electro-mechanical works such as pumps are oversized or expected to extract more water from one tube well. The transformer size is not enough to run the existing pumps.

197. Though there are not any evidence of impacts of untreated water on the lives of local people at present situation, there is possibility of incidence of water-borne diseases in the future due to continous consumption of unsafe and untreated water. This may result in the health hazards in the project area that will in turn expose the surroundings to environmental problems.

198. The existing water supply systems are not able to meet the increasing demands of the increasing population of the project area. Insufficient water supply will compel them to control the use of water for various purposes even for sanitation practices. Lack of water in the sanitation practices like flushing of water after use of latrine, bathing, washing clothes etc. will demote the domestic hygiene of the project area. This may pose outbreak of diseases like Typhoid, Cholera, Dysentry etc. This may in turn result in various environmental problems.

199. ‘Without Subproject’ or ‘Do-Nothing’ alternative will toughen the chance of the occurrence of the abovementioned threats to the environment of the project area. Without subproject, people of the project area will continue to consume the partially treated or untreated water from the existing water supply system. This may increase the risk of bacterial infection resulting health issues that will obviously have impact on public health, animal health and the health of the ecosystems. Similarly, ‘Do-Nothing’ alternative will constrain the locals to be content with the intermittent water supply service.

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200. This would further impede (i) further social and economic development of the municipality, (ii) fundamental right related to health as guaranteed in Constitution of Nepal (Article 35) that says that "Every citizen shall have the right of access to clean drinking water and sanitation", (iii) Goal of National Urban Water Supply & Sanitation Sector Policy,2009 (Final Draft) to ensure the socio-economic development, improved health status and quality of life of urban populations, including the poor and marginalised, through the provision of sustainable water supply and sanitation services and protection of the environment and (iv) Nepal’s delivery of its commitment to SDG 6th to increase the proportion of the population with sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.

201. Beside this, ‘Do-Nothing’ alternative has one positive aspect as it may prevent the service area of the project town from the susceptibility towards the anticipated environmental impacts of this proposed project. However, for this only positive aspect, it will be irrational to ignore the hardship that locals of this project town are facing for safe,reliable and potable water. Hence, ‘Do-Nothing’ alternative will not be better option to be followed in order to get rid of the anticipated environmental impacts as these environmental impacts can either be avoided or minimized by suitable mitigation measures. ii. With Project alternative

202. With Project Alternative was also analyzed by envisaging the likely benefits of the proposed project. The analysis shows that the proposed sub project will be the best alternative to overcome the aforementioned threats that is likely to occur in the absence of this subproject. With the Subproject 24,464 populations (2018) will be benefitted from adeqaute, safe, reliable and potable water supply & sanitation service. In overall, the ‘with subproject alternative’ will bring about the improved public health and living environment that will contribute to improved quality of life in the project municipality.

203. Hence, the ‘with project’ alternative will contribute to the realization of the Updated 15- Yr Development Plan for Small Towns Water Supply & Sanitation Sector, compliance with the fundamental right related to health as guaranteed in Constitution of Nepal (Article 35), fulfillment of Goal of National Urban Water Supply & Sanitation Sector Policy,2009 (Final Draft) and the delivery of Nepal’s commitment to SDG 6.

204. Along with this, the limitation of "Without Project" Alternatives continuous water supply system, treatment system and susceptibility to water borne diseases leads to go for "With Project" Alternative. The proposed sub project will be the best alternative to overcome the aforementioned threats that is likely to occur in the absence of this subproject.This "With Project" Alternative also involves analysis of alternatives to assess the most cost-effective, reliable and efficient system that can serve the design population. The alternatives regarding "With Project" Alternative is described in detail in the following section.

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B. Alternatives Relative to Planning and Design

205. As per Feasibility Study Report by PPTA team, the system design for the town has been done under two scenarios. The optimization of a proposed water supply system can be done regarding system layout, alternative technology, alternative materials and alternative source. In case of Kanchanrup WSSP, the development of system alternatives has been done using alternate system layouts keeping other parameters constant. i. Alternative Sources

206. There are no other alternative sources available in the nearby vicinity to meet the overall demand for this project. Both alternatives have proposed ground water as the proposed source. There is no other reliable source nearby service area except this. ii. Alternative Design

207. The environmental issues can be a deciding factor to choose the best alternative design among the list of alternatives. The design of both proposed alternatives is environmentally sound. The alternatives I and II are almost same except the provision of pressure filter for water treatment in alternative I. Both alternatives are briefly discussed below:

a) Alternative I: Augmentation of discharge adding tube well and with pressure filter for water treatment at each location Rupnagar, Kanchanpur and Dharampur.

208. The ground water has sufficient yield which will be measured after the drilling works will be accomplished. Saptakoshi River and upstream Chure hills would be the recharge of ground water. The system will be pumping system that includes pumping from deep tube well to OHT/ GRVT. The pressure filter is proposed provisionally in the middle of tube well and OHT/ GRVT. The quality of water will be ascertained and the filter will be finalized.

209. Three locations Rupnagar, Kanchanpur and Dharampur have their own land to construct the required components of the system. It has also been informed to the WUSC to register the source as per government rules and regulations.

210. Hence, the total estimated transmission pipeline length i.e. deep tube well to OHT/ GRVT is 1,960.00 m. The site for the tube well and reservoir are in stable condition.

b) Alternative II: Augmentation of discharge additing tube well and without pressure filter at each location Rupnagar, Kanchanpur and Dharampur.

211. The alternative I and alternative II are almost same. The main difference between these two proposed alternatives is the provision of Pressure Filter for water treatment in alternative I which is not envisioned in alternative II.

212. The schematic diagrams for both options are presented in the figures given below:

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Figure VI-I: Schematic Diagram for Alternative I

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Figure VI-II: Schematic Diagram for Alternative II

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP iii. Selected Alternative Scheme

213. Environmentally, they are not much different and both of the alternatives have no such environmental issues too. Socially, both alternatives are on equal footing.

214. The water quality of one tube well is good enough. However, it may vary from location to location. Hence, the pressure filter has been proposed provisionally in alternative I.

215. In alternative I, all the infrastructures are proposed at WUSC premises which are well protected with the boundary. The transmission line passes through the bushes area, foot trail and road in Dharampur area. However, in other alternative II, the transmission lines are within WUSC premises. There are no other settlements along the transmission main route. Hence, there will not be any human interference in the system during operation. There is also provision of fencing works for the tube well as well as other structures for safety.

216. The financial indicator indicates that the affordability percentage of the source of both alternatives I and II is almost same. The affordability is in between 3%-5% in alternatives I and II. Both alternatives are financially feasible. The initial project cost for the alternative I is about 11.04% higher than the cost of alternative II. But the O&M cost of both alternatives are same. Financially, alternative II is slightly economical than alternative I. The reason behind the increase in project cost in alternative I is due to inclusion of treatment plant design. The system without treatment facility may pose certain threats to the health of the beneficiaries in the future. Hence, despite of comparative increase in the project cost of alternative I, this alternative emphasizes on the health aspects of people through the provision of water treatment plant. The emphasis on the socioeconomic environment leads towards the selection of the alternative I as the best suitable option. Similarly, in terms of environmental point of view, both alternatives do not pose any significant environmental threats.

217. Regarding technical, financial & environmental aspects, alternative I is recommended for further study though the cost is slightly higher than alternative II. Hence, alternative I has been selected as the best feasible alternative as this alternative is technically, environmentally and financially feasible.

218. Here, during detailed engineering design, some changes are made in this selected alternative that includes addition of one more new tube well in each sub system, treatment capacity of the proposed pressure filter and capacity of the proposed submersible pumps which is clearly shown in the figure given below.

219. In this recommended alternative -I, three submersible pumps at each sub – system of each 40 HP(Rupnagar), 45HP(Kanchanpur), 12.5HP( Dharampur) capacities are used to lift the water from tube well to the treatment plant to over head/ ground reservoir. Only two pumps will be operated at a time.

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Figure VI-III:Schematic Diagram for Final Selected Scheme

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VII. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION/AUGMENTATION MEASURES

220. The anticipated environmental impacts are mainly categorized into two viz., Beneficial Impacts and Adverse Impacts on the basis of its negative and positive significance. This is then further categorized into four impacts that includes i) Impact on Physical Environment, ii) Impact on Biological Environment, iii) Impact on Chemical Environment and iv) Impact on Socio-economic Environment, based upon the effects on the existing environment. These impacts are sub divided into three categories based upon the project phase that includes i) Design Phase, ii) Construction Phase and iii) Post Construction (Operation & Maintenance) Phase. These impacts are discussed below in detail.

A. Beneficial Impacts

221. The development of water and sanitation facilities will have numerous beneficial impacts on individuals as well as to the entire community. Availability of clean and adequate drinking water and sanitary facility are basic human needs. Also, any development efforts aimed at improving water and sanitation needs of an area will significantly contribute towards improving the quality of life of that area. Some of the major beneficial impacts of the project are categorized below:

i. Impact on Socioeconomic Environment

a) Construction Phase

I. Employment Generation

222. The project will generate direct employment opportunities to the local people of the project area. The construction activities of the proposed project will offer the locals a grand opportunity to be engaged in the proposed project activities as either v skilled or non-skilled workers in terms of their proficiency. The main target group for this benefit is People relying on daily wages. The socioeconomic survey shows that 27.30% (1217) of total (4464) households have to rely on daily wages. Hence, this project will be beneficial to this 27.30% of total households. This is second highest population after the Agriculture. The amount of money earned by the local people will somehow increase the local economy thereby reducing the chances of seasonal migration of the local people depending upon daily wages works to survive. To augment such benefits, priority will be given to employing local laborers as far as possible.

223. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, high in magnitude and short-term in duration.

224. The enhancement measures for this impact include;

• Recommend contractor to employ local people by giving high priority to women and under privileged group as far as possible.

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• Ensure equity in provision of wages to both male as well as female labors.

II. Skill Enhancement

225. The construction of the project will not only provide direct employment opportunities but also ensure the transfer of skills and technical proficiency to the local workforce. The project activities such as construction of tube well site, treatment plant, OHT, valve chambers, buildings, public toilets etc. will provide transferable skills. In the future, these skills will be a plus point for the locals in any relevant work as such. Hence, this benefit is targetted to the local people relying on daily wages and those to be involved in labor works of this proposed project.

226. The impact is indirect in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and long-term in duration.

227. The enhancement measures for this impact include;

• Making a proper work plan and code of conduct during the construction period. • Provision of regular hands on training to the workers during the project construction period III. Local trade and business opportunity

228. The proposed project will directly add in building business opportunity within the area. As construction work involves a lot of human resources, some grocery stores and, agriculture and livestock product will gain a momentum in the vicinity of the construction site. This will boost the local trade and business sector. Similarly, procurement of locally available construction materials will also help to improve the local trade and business opportunity. The main target group for this beneficial impact is local peo51) and only 0.8% (36) of total 4464 HHs are involved in business and industry sector respectively. Though the target group quantity is not so significant, the enhancement of local trade & business opportunity will be fruitful to these people. This will further boost the local trade & economy.

229. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and long-term in duration.

230. The enhancement measures for this impact include;

• Recommend contractor to give priority to the local products during procurement of construction of materials. • Priority also will be given to local services like grocery stores, tea shops, hotel & restaurants etc. during the entire construction period. b) Operation Phase

I. Improved health and hygiene

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231. Deteriorating water quality and unsanitary conditions are often the causes of waterborne communicable diseases. The socioeconomic survey revealed that the cases of waterborne diseases such as diarrhoea, dysentery, stomach ache and skin disease etc. are found very few in numbers. Similarly, cases of mortality by water related diseases are nil. However, it is not certain that this condition will be well maintained in the future too. The provision of pressure filter under the proposed project components will provide solution to this uncertainty. After the implementation of the project, easy access to safe & potable water will maintain the health & hygiene of the local people. This will also help to reduce the chance of occurrence of water-borne communicable diseases within the project area in the future. This will also help them in bringing a decrease in medical expenses that may require to be incurred if any incidence of water borne diseases is observed. As this proposed project aims to provide safe, reliable & potable drinking water to the proposed service area of the project town, the main target group of this beneficial impact will be beneficiaries or people residing in the service area of this proposed project.

232. The impact is thus direct in nature, local in extent, high in magnitude and long-term in duration.

233. The enhancement measures for this impact include;

• Regular maintenance of the water supply components should be done so that the project operates smoothly and the benefits are intact. II. Increased economic opportunity

234. Reliable Water Supply System is one of the most important infrastructures for the urban development. Hence, this proposed project will increase migration rate due to availability of better infrastructures. This will boost economic level of the town. The increased economic level may increase the value of the land, thereby uplifting the economic status of the local people.

235. These benefits can be maximized by ensuring regular maintenance of water supply and sanitation components and by promoting land development activities in the area. The main target group for this beneficial impact will be people of the service area involved in business & industry.

236. The impact is thus indirect in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and long- term in duration.

237. The enhancement measures for this impact include;

• Ensuring regular maintenance of the water supply components • Promoting urbanization through proper land development activities in the area.

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III. Social Empowerment

238. Social Empowerment refers to the process of self empowerment enabling to overcome the sense of powerlessness in the society. This covers Gender Equity, Women's Participation and Social Inclusion. The proposed project will be able to enhance this social empowerment through various capacity building programs. Gender Inequality that is still prevailing within the project town is expected to be eliminated through the implementation of the proposed project.

239. The scoioeconomic survey revealed that major household works such as cleaning of houses, washing clothes, child care, cooking, rearing animals, and fetching drinking water is considered as work of women. As per the sampled household survey carried out in 2018, 61.74% of female are observed to be involved in water fetching & storage and 38.26% of male are observed to be involved in this activity. This indicates that women are more responsible for fetching water in comparison to the men. As the proposed project aims to provide water supply service to each household through private connection, easy access to safe & potable water through the implementation of this proposed project will definitely contribute towards their betterment. It is because the time that may be spent for fetching water will be saved and could be utilized in various other activities. The improved water supply system will contribute towards their better health and hygiene through the provision of safe & potable water. This will in turn ensure the maintenance of health & hygiene of other family members as the sampled survey also shows that 65.65% of female are involved in taking care of family members especially children and senior citizens.

240. The proposed project also encourages women participation in the project related activities by enforcing at least two women in water user's committee. As per the Table V- XXVV given above, three female members are appointed as members of newly reformed Water Supply Users & Sanitation Committee among which one female member has been appointed as Treasurer and two female members are appointed as General Members. Their involvement in WUSC will boost their confidence and decision making ability. Similarly, it will also provide them opportunity to actively participate in meetings, discussions and many other relevant programs.

241. The socioeconomic survey revealed that in comparison to men, women have much more work load regarding household activities as the gender inequality is still existing in emerging urban areas like Kanchanrup Municipality. Hence, women of the project area are mostly entangled within the household activities. The involvement of women members in WUSC will be the exemplary effort to encourage other women to come out of the cocoon within which they have been entwined by household activities for decades and isolated from the society. The proposed project will also give emphasis on various activities like stakeholder consultations, meetings etc. to persuade women to actively partipate in project related activities.

242. The proposed project also expects to enhance the condition of underprivileged people (Dalits & Poor People) by making them involved in various programs organized under the

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proposed project. The reformed WUSC also constitutes some members from this minority group. Hence, this proposed project has also prioritized Social Inclusion.

243. The impact is indirect in nature, local in extent, low in magnitude and long-term in duration.

244. The enhancement measures for this impact include;

• Prioritize the vulnerable groups in WUSC along with female groups.

• Involving underprivileged group of people especially women and poor people in various capacity building programs and project related community meetings

245. Overall, the Subproject will lead to improved public health and environment, significantly improving the quality of life of Kanchanrup town residents.

246. The following given table shows the significance of the impacts based on the scoring that has been taken from National EIA Guidelines, 1993.

Figure VII-I: Summary of Impact Matrix of Beneficial Issues of the project Impact Rating Beneficial Impacts Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Rating Construction Phase Very Significant Employment Generation D H (60) L (20) ST (5) (85) Very Significant Skill Enhancement ID M (20) L (20) LT (20) (80) Very Significant Local Trade and Business D M (20) L (20) LT (20) (80) Operation Phase Improved Health and Very Significant D H (60) L (20) LT (20) Hygiene (100) Increase Economic Very Significant ID M (20) L (20) LT (20) Opportunity (80) Women empowerment ID L (10) L (20) LT (20) Significant (50) Source: National EIA Guidelines, 1993 & IEE Study 2018/019 Note: Scoring is done based on following;

Nature of Impact: D = Direct; IN = Indirect;

Magnitude, H = High (60); M = Medium/Moderate (20); and L = Low (10)

Extent, R = Regional (60), L = Local (20); and S = Site-specific (10)

Duration, LT = Long-term (20), MT = Medium-term (10); and ST = Short-term (5)

The points/scoring are taken from the National EIA Guidelines, 1993

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Significance of Impact

Total Score: More than 75 : Very Significant

50-75 : Significant

Less than 50 : Insignificant

B. Adverse Impacts i. Impacts on Physical Environment a) Design Phase

I. Soil Erosion & Slope Instability

247. Thought the project town is not a hilly area, there is possibility of Soil Erosion & Slope Instability during project construction while excavating and digging of pipeline trenches. Though this impact will be experienced during construction phase only, this should also be considered during design phase and be integrated in design concept to prepare plan to get rid of this .

248. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration.

249. The mitigation measures for this impact include;

• Incorporate measures and sites for handling excessive spoil materials in final design. • Incorporate drainage plan in final design

II. Traffic Interference

250. During construction works at Kanchanrup market area, the traffic flow may be disturbed and may affect the normal schedule of the passer by and the vehicles. This impact will be noticed during construction works only, however; this has to be taken into consideration during design phase to incorporate in the design concept.

251. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration.

252. The mitigation measures for this impact include;

• Prepare & Incorporate Traffic Management Plan in final design b) Construction Phase

I. Soil Erosion & Land Surface Disturbance

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253. Excavation and digging of trenches during construction has the potential to cause erosion and cave in thereby causing soil erosion, silt runoff and unsettling of street surfaces. Unorganized disposal of the excavated earth can disturb the street surface and decrease the value of the area where it is disposed. The activity as such will be a discomfort to the road users and inhabitants.

254. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration.

255. The mitigation measures for this impact include;

• Protecting the foundation from damage during backfilling • Using the right backfill materials • Compacting the backfill • Final finishing the subgrade to ensure that water drains away from the foundation

II. Spoil Disposal

256. Inappropriate disposal of spoils from the construction activities may result in gullying and erosion of spoil tips especially when it is combined with unmanaged surface water runoff. This leads to destruction of vegetations, damage to agricultural lands and destruction to private property. This will affect the people possessing those agricutural lands as well as the anticipated properties.

257. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration.

258. The mitigation measures for this impact include;

• Follow Spoil Management Plan as included in Annex E. • Use of excess Spoil or Soil for filling depressed areas or borrow pits wherever possible. • Appropriate disposal of Spoil at the designated places. • Spoils should not be disposed on natural drainage paths, canals and other infrastructures. • Provision of toe walls and retaining walls to protect the erosion of disposed spoils. • Provision of proper drainage, vegetation and adequate protection against erosion at the Spoil Disposal Site.

III. Loss of Fertile Top Soil

259. During pipeline excavation works, if soil materials are not deliberately handled, loss of fertile top soil can occur as while excavating, the fertile top soil may be removed. Top soil contains nutrients and organic matter which are significant to the vegetation growth. If the

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fertile top soil is lost during excavation, the ability of the soil to be reclaimed is affected because the physical characteristics and nutrient availability of the soil have been altered.

260. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration.

261. The mitigation measures for this impact include;

• Timely and careful removal of the top soil followed by proper temporary storage at suitable location. The top soil then will be reused in preparing green spaces under suitable condition.

IV. Air Pollution

262. There will be greater impact on air quality from the inadequately managed or haphazard project activities that includes: (i) earthworks such as clearing, grubbing, excavations, and drilling especially during dry seasons; (ii) demolition works; (iii) stockpiling of natural aggregates, excavated materials and spoils; (iii) transport, loading and unloading of natural aggregates; (iv) movement of construction-associated vehicles; (v) on-site rock crushing and concrete mixing; (vi) burning of firewoods for cooking & heating in work and labour camps and (vii) open burning of solid waste by workers.

263. These activities may increase dust, carbon, monoxide, sulfur oxides, particulate matter, nitrous oxides, and hydrocarbons in the air. This will affect the construction workers, people residing in this area and the passers by.

264. The impact is indirect, local to regional in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration.

265. The mitigation measures for this impact include;

• Strict Prohibition of open burning of solid waste • Watering of dry exposed surfaces and stockpiles of aggregates at least twice daily, as necessary; • If re-surfacing of disturbed roads cannot be done immediately, spreading of crushed gravel over backfilled surfaces; • Use of Construction/ Transportation Vehicles complying with NVMES,2069 • Regular inspection & maintenance of construction/transportation vehicles • Supply of clean cooking fuel to workers instead of allowing them to use firewood for cooking

V. Noise Pollution

266. Noise-emitting construction activities include earthworks, rock crushing, concrete mixing, demolition works, movement and operation of construction vehicles and equipment, and loading and unloading of coarse aggregates. The significance of noise impact will be high in areas where noise-sensitive institutions such as healthcare and educational facilities

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are situated. This will affect the construction workers, people residing in this area and the passers by.

267. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, high in magnitude and short-term in duration.

268. The mitigation measures for this impact include;

• Restricting noisy activities to daytime and overtime work to avoid using noisy equipment; • Prohibit the use of pressure horn by transportation vehiles • Regular inspection & maintenance of construction/transportation vehicles to ensure the use of Vehicles complying with NVMES,2069 B.S. • Regular inspection & maintenance to ensure the use of equipments/machinery that comply with applicable emission standards of GoN i.e., National Noise Standard Guidelines, 2012 • Regular inspection & maintenance to ensure the use of Diesel Generators complying with National Diesel Generator Emission Standard,2012

VI. Generation of solid waste & waste water from construction sites and worker’s camp

269. During construction phase, generation of solid waste & waste water from the construction sites and workers camp are likely to create nuisance in the surroundings. Soil runoff from the construction site may lead to off-site contamination (particularly during rainy season). Similarly, Improper disposal of construction debris may lead to off-site contamination of water resources. Unmanaged solid waste &effluent from workers camp may contaminate the surroundings. This will affect the construction workers, people residing in this area and the passers by.

270. The impacts are direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and long-term in duration.

271. The mitigation measures for this impact include;

a) Construction Wastes • Adopt 3R (Reduce, Reuse & Recycle) concept • Ensure storage areas are secure, safe & weatherproof. • Management of reusable wastes • Sale of Recyclable wastes to scrap dealer • Final Disposal of Bio degradable solid wastes • Avoid over ordering of construction materials to the extent possible. This will be challenging, as it requires strong coordination with the concerned contractors, as it cannot be made mandatory. However, it is not impossible too to coordinate with the contractors in this regard. • Use standard size & quantity of construction materials.

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• Construct garland drains to reduce the runoff from the stockpiles.

b) Solid Wastes, Wastewater and Sewage from labour camp

• Adopt Segregation of Solid Waste (3R Concept) based on being biodegradable or non-biodegradable. It is because decomposers cannot break down non- biodegradable wastes and their disposal poses a big problem. • Manage biodegradable wastes that include food waste, paper waste, biodegradable plastic, etc. by any suitable processes that include Composting & Incineration. If these two processes are not possible then, the wastes shall be managed either by handing over these wastes to the municipality waste collectors who will finally dispose those wastes to the landfill sites of the project town or by disposing those wastes to the burial pits at suitable place. • Non-biodegradable wastes like glass, plastics & metals shall be managed by reusing them for site use or selling them to scrap dealers instead of disposing them • Strict Prohibition on open incineration of solid wastes & use of plastic materials to minimize the quantity of plastic wastes • Construction of the temporary latrines with temporary soak pits & septic tanks within the campsite for proper disposal of sewage • Provide temporary but proper drainage system for proper outlet of waste water generated from cooking practices adopted by the workers • Employ local people from nearby villages to maximum extent possible. It will minimize the number of workers residing at worker’s camp. Lesser the number of people, lesser will be the solid waste & effluent generated. However, it cannot be made mandatory because availability of local people with required skills will not be ensured at the time of construction.

VII. Accidental Leakage or Spillage of Stored Fuel/Chemicals

272. During construction phase, there will be requirement of storage of fuel/chemicals. During the process of storage and handling process, there is possibility of accidental leakage or spillage of stored fuel/chemicals. If not removed quickly, the spilled chemicals/fuel may be absorbed by the floor.This may lead towards the contamination of soil & water. This will affect the community living around this area.

273. The impacts are direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and long-term in duration.

274. The mitigation measures for this impact include;

• Provision of well managed storage site • Organize awareness programs for the workers responsible for handling fuel/chemicals • Supervise workers to handle fuel/chemicals properly • Use of spill kit materials to block flow and prevent discharge to nearby water bodies

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• Scatter the Sawdust, sand or dry soil over the area of spill and leave for few minutes to soak up the fuel/chemical. So, availability of saw dust, sand or dry soil should be ensured in the store • Regular Inspection Visit to the storage site to inspect the leakage of the stored container of fuel/chemical

VIII. Impact on Land Use Pattern

275. The construction of the proposed project components will occupy significant area of the land within the core area. This will affect the current land use pattern as the land to be used for the construction of these components could be used for other purposes like agricultural, residential etc. This effect will be direct in nature.

276. As the construction works of the proposed project start, there will be possibility of influx of people from the nearby areas of the project town to this project town. This will in turn increase the population of the project area which may lead towards change in land use pattern within the core area in haphazard manner. Arable land may be converted to settlement areas. Unstable land may also be used for planned areas. Hapazard cutting of sloped areas may be done to increase settlement areas. The unmanageable land is the main reason behind the destruction of the environment.The effect will be indirect in nature.This may affect the people residing within the core area of the project.

277. The impacts are both indirect & direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and long-term in duration.

278. The mitigation measures for this impact include;

• Selection of barren and public land only for the construction of project components. • Avoid the acquisition of private and agricultural land for the construction of project components. • Monitoring on the haphazard land use & planning by the concerned authority.

IX. Disruption to Natural Drainage

279. The pipe laying works along ROW of the public road within the service area of the proposed project may disrupt the existing natural drainage system as the natural drainage flow may be interfered by the construction activities that includes earthworks, backfilling,stockpiling etc. This can have significant consequences like Localised Flooding, affecting the residents of that area.

280. The impacts are direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and long-term in duration.

281. The mitigation measures for this impact are as follows:

• Avoid the natural drainage pathways for pipe laying works. • Stockpile the excavated materials at safe but nearby place.

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• Restore natural drainage system if the drainage system during construction is blocked.

X. Haphazard Disposal of Dismantled Debris

282. The proposed project also involves dismantling activities for rehabilitation of existing intakes, for pipe laying works and other miscellaneous works. This will result in the generation of dismantled debris.

283. Similarly, after the completion of construction works, the temporary facilities like labour camps, stockpiling sites, temporary toilets etc. needs to be dismantled immediately. The dismantled properties in the form of debris if not properly and instantly disposed off, may create nuisance in the surroundings. This may degrade the environmental quality. This will affect the people living nearby the haphazardly disposed places and even the construction workers also.

284. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and long-term in duration.

285. The mitigation measures for this impact include;

• Immediate Response on handling of dismantled debris. • Segregation of Dismantled Debris • Adopt 3R (Reduce, Reuse& Recycle) concept • Sale of Recyclable Wastes to Scrap Vendors/Dealers c) Operation Phase

I. Land Subsidence

286. Land Subsidence is a potential threat that possibly occurs due to over exploitation of underground water. If the groundwater extraction exceeds the recharge rate, then it can result in the lowering of water table. As the water table drops, the support that is provided to the overlying rock and soil by the water gets lost resulting gradual settling of land. This land subsidence may then result in permanent inundation of land, change in topography, rupture of land surface and reduction in the capcity of aquifers to store water.

287. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, high in magnitude and long-term in duration.

288. As per final DEDR, there are various sources of groundwater recharge as the project area comprises rivers namely Kheliya river/ khola, small tributaries and large Saptakoshi River nearby. The north to the proposed service area has community forest area and Saptakoshi is at the east of service area, Kheliya khola passing from the middle of the service area, which gives good aquifer to the source. Similarly, surface flooding for irrigation in paddy fields of the project area can provide significant contribution to

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groundwater recharge in the project area. Hence, there is no possibility of exceeding groundwater abstraction rate in comparison to the recharge rate.

289. However, as a precautionary measure source monitoring needs to be carried out by WUSC regularly. ii. Impacts on Biological Environment a) Construction Phase

I. Impact on Flora & Fauna

290. Major project components does not interfere any of the forest areas. Hence, there will be no such effect on the existing flora & fauna. However, there may be requirement of clearing of some bushes and shrubs along the proposed pipeline alignment. The study shows that there is no requirement of cutting trees. Similarly, during pipe laying works, some of the top soil may be lost. During pipe laying works in some areas, the noise of construction activities may affect the faunas living nearby these areas.

291. Haphazard site clearing, parking, and movement of construction vehicles and equipment, stockpiling will result in unnecessary loss of vegetation & fauna beyond Project footprints.

292. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration.

293. The mitigation measures for this impact include;

• Replace the excavated top soil to its original position after the completion of pipe laying work • Re-vegetating disturbed slopes and grounds, as applicable; • Awareness programs regarding policy related to the conservation of existing flora & fauna, to the workers prior to the construction and the community during various meetings and discussion programs • Adopt the suitable mitigation measures proposed to minimize noise pollution as mentioned earlier • Regular Monitoring

II. Impacts on Aquatic Life

294. During construction phase, nearby water bodies may be used by the workers for their daily activities like waste disposal, sanitation activities which may pollute the river quality which in turn lead the habitat of aquatic life towards risk.

295. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration.

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296. The mitigation measures for this impact include;

• Strict Monitoring on the daily activities of workers and Prohibition on disposal of wastes to the water bodies during construction works at source area. • Provision of temporary toilets • Restriction to workers from fishing • Adopt measures mentioned above for the solid waste management

III. Impact on Protected Areas

297. As per section B iv) of Chapter V, it is known that the project area is in the vicinity of the Protected areas & Key Biodiversity Areas that includes Koshi Barrage, Koshi Tappu Buffer Zone and Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve. This may certainly raise the question regarding the safety of these areas. Our study shows that none of these areas is located within the project area. However, there is possibility of illegal entry of construction workers.

298. Similarly, as per our study, it is known that some of the distribution networks is nearby the buffer zone area. Hence, though the construction activities may not interven the buffer zone area, during pipe laying works, the noise of material loading/unloading during pipe laying works may affect the faunas living within the buffer zone.

299. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration.

300. The mitigation measures for this impact include;

• As per Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve & its Buffer Zone Management Plan, there are seven security posts with four entry posts in the reserve & buffer zone to ensure the protection of wild animal & their habitats. Similarly, these areas are well governed by Wildlife Reserve Rules, 2034 B.S. (1978 A.D.). Hence, no outsiders can enter these areas without taking permission of the concerned authority. However, Strict monitoring on the daily activities of workers during pipe laying woks near the buffer zone area is required to avoid the illegal entry. • Organizing Awareness programs regarding legislations related to the Wildlife Reserve & Buffer Zone Conservation to the workers prior to the construction and the community during various meetings and discussion programs. • Prohibit the use of pressure horn by transportation vehicles • Regular inspection & maintenance of transportation vehicles to ensure the use of Vehicles complying with NVMES, 2069 B.S. iii. Impacts on Chemical Environment a) Construction Phase

I. Impacts on Water Quality of the nearby rivers

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301. During construction phase, there is high possibility of water resources to be polluted due to the chance of disposal of solid wastes by the workers and poor sanitation behavior of the workers. This will lower the water quality of these water bodies. Polluted water bodies will be detrimental to aquatic life.

302. Similarly, some sections of the distribution pipeline will cross water bodies, exposing these resources to risks of pollution caused by poorly managed construction sediments, wastes and hazardous substances.

303. The impact is direct in nature, local to regional in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration.

304. The mitigation measures for this impact include:

• Provision of Septage Disposal through construction of temporary toilets with septage management • Adopt measures mentioned above for the solid waste management • Strict supervision on the behavior of workers for the waste management as well as sanitation behavior and monitoring the workers to manage the wastes properly. • Regular & Strict Monitoring during the construction of river crossing to minimize the pollution on the water bodies b) Operation Phase

I. Impacts on Water Quality of the nearby rivers

305. It has already been mentioned that there is provision of insitutional toilet with septic tank under sanitation components of this proposed project. The sludge stored within the septic tank needs to be removed at a regular interval of time before the septic tank gets overloaded. During emptying process of the septic tank, the removed sludge (septage) needs to be properly disposed. It is likely that the septage may be disposed directly into the nearby water bodies. This will degrade the water quality of the river. This impact will be more troublesome during dry season when the flow will be less and self cleansing capacity of the river will be less.

306. The impact is direct in nature, local to regional in extent, medium in magnitude and long-term in duration.

307. The mitigation measures for this impact are as follows:

• As there is no provision of proper septage management within the project town, the school itself is ready to manage the septage within the school premises by disposing into the excavated trench to allow it for decomposition so that later it can be used as manure. The school has also ensured the environmental safety during the septage management. However, Strict Supervision by WUSC about the disposal of sludge is necessary.

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a) Design Phase

I. Structural Failure

308. The past records of the flooding event during monsoons within the project town indicates the susceptibility of this project town towards flooding problems. If any such flooding event again occurs in the future, there is possibility that this sweeps away the project components that leads to facility failure and public discomfort. Though this impact will be experienced during operation phase, this should be considered during design phase so that it can be incorporated in the design concept and such possibility of structural failure can be reduced to greater extent through safe design of flood resistant structures.

309. The impact is indirect in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and long-term in duration.

310. The mitigation measures for this impact include:

• Proper design of flood resistant structures as per standard and code of practice.

311. PMO, RPMO & DSMC are the main responsible bodies for the adoption of this mitigation measure.

II. Health & Safety of Community & Workers

312. During design phase, if the project components are designed without focusing on the health & safety of community & workers, this may pose significant health and safety risks.

313. The impact is indirect in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and long-term in duration.

314. The mitigation measures for this impact include:

• Safe Design of the proposed components considering health & safety aspects of community & workers

III. Damage to the Existing Facilities

315. During construction phase, if the proposed pipelines interfere any of the existing utilities, there is greater possibility of those utilites getting damaged. This will create discomfort to the people getting facilities from those damaged utilities. Similarly, there is also possibility of some fraud people to take advantage of this impact and may make false claims for damaged utilities. Though this problem appears during construction phase, its consideration is necessary during design so that during construction, it would be easier to face the problem if raised. Hence, this impact is categorized for design phase.

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316. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration.

317. The mitigation measures for this impact include:

• Coordinate with the concerned agencies to finalize the pipe network layout to avoid damage to the existing utilities. • Design & Locate pipelines away from existing utilities during design as far as possible. • Provide budget for restoration/replacement of damaged utilities. • Photographs of construction sites before and after the construction to avoid the false claims • Provide budget for Reinstatement Works for paved as well as unpaved roads b) Construction Phase

I. Community Health & Safety Hazards

318. Overall, the communities will be exposed to cross-cutting threats from construction’s impacts on air and water quality, ambient noise level; mobility of people/goods/services; accesses to properties/economic activities/social services; service disruptions, etc. Communicable and transmittable diseases may potentially be brought into the community by construction workers.

319. Beyond the abovementioned anticipated threats, currently,the ongoing pandemic i.e. COVID-19 that still has not come to the end, could be the biggest threat to community health & safety during construction phase of this project. Though there has been initiation of distribution of vaccines for COVID-19 around the world including Nepal, it is difficult to speculate the ending of this pandemic with any degree of certainty. Hence, this pandemic may show its existence during project constructon activities too. This disease spreads most often when people are physically close. It spreads very easily and sustainably through the air, primarily via small droplets and sometimes in aerosols, as an infected person breathes, coughs, sneezes, talks, or sings. It may also be transmitted via contaminated surfaces, although this has not been conclusively demonstrated. Hence, there is possibility of spreading of this pandemic within the community through the construction workers as the workers may not belong to their community and may be infected with this disease.

320. The impact is indirect in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration.

321. The mitigation measures for this impact include:

• Contractor’s implementation of EMP • Adequate lighting, temporary fence, reflecting barriers and signage at active work sites; • Contractor’s preparedness in emergency response;

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• Adequate dissemination of GRM and Contractor’s observance/implementation of GRM • The mitigation measures to deal with COVID issues as mentioned above includes: i) Coordination & Monitoring; ii) Preventive Measures like Frequent Hand Wash, Use of Sanitizers, Social Distancing, Use of Face Masks (N95 Masks) or Cloth Face Coverings etc.; iii) Provision of Quarantine for the infected ones; iv) Prohibitory Measures like Prohibition on entry into the construction sites and labor camps for the outsiders or those who are not concerned with the project construction activities, Prohibiting workers to get mingled within the community etc.

II. Worker's Health & Safety Hazards

322. Workers may also be exposed to the cross-cutting threats of the impacts during construction. Inadequate supply of safe/potable water and inadequate sanitation facilities to the worker's camp; poor sanitation practices on site; poor housing conditions; the handling and operation of construction equipment; handling of hazardous substances; exposure to extreme weather and non-observance of health and safety measures, pose additional threats to the health and safety of construction workers.

323. Construction workers may also be potentially exposed to various infectous diseases within the workforce. Like, Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral disease is a rapidly emerging disease in Nepal. The largest ever outbreak of this disease was reported in 2019 A.D., claiming lives of six people. Hence, dengue has been identified as one of the youngest emerging infectious diseases in Nepal. This virus is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female mosquiotes primarily, the Aedes aegypti mosquito. This disease is seen mostly during monsoons and even during summers.

324. Besides this dengue, other infectous diseases like Scrub Typhus, Influenza (H5N1)-Bird Flu Virus and Influenza (H1N1) –Swine Flu Virus are also emerging in Nepal. Here, the occurrence of Scrub Typhus, which is spread to people through the bites of infected chiggers (larval mites) has also been recorded in Saptari district in 2018. Hence, this is likely to occur in the project town also. This may pose threats to workers health as the workers may require to work outdoors where those chiggers may be lurking. In regard to influenza viruses, it is said that in terms of transmission, human infections with these viruses though rare, have been reported sporadically. Human infections are primarily acquired through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated environments, but do not result in efficient transmission of these viruses between people. However, we cannot deny the fact there may be the chance of spreading this influenza virus within the work force. This may even pose serious threats to their lives.

325. The project town is also highly susceptible to flooding events. If such events occur during the construction period, this may pose threats to the occupational (worker's) health & safety.

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326. The effects of COVID-19 pandemic may also pose serious threats to the worker’s health & safety during project construction. The workers need to work in group to carry out various construction activities during which there is high chance of workers getting infected with this disease if any of them is already infected ones.

327. The impact is indirect in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration.

328. The mitigation measures for this impact include:

• Comply Labor Act,2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.) of GoN • Submission of Simple OHS plan for employer's approval that involves appropriate health & safety arrangement that includes minimum requirements for various activities like Excavation works, Works within the confined spaces, use of warning signs, boards & signage, Use of PPE, Accident & Emergency Response and Monitoring & Reporting. • Preparation of COVID Response Plan and Immediate Action in its implementation. Here, the COVID Response Plan includes i) Coordination & Monitoring; ii) Information Delivery to workers in regard to COVID issues prior to the construction; iii) Preventive Measures like Frequent Hand Wash, Use of Sanitizers, Social Distancing, Use of Face Masks (N95 Masks) or Cloth Face Coverings etc.; iv) Provision of Quarantine for the infected ones; v) Prohibitory Measures like Prohibition on entry into the construction sites and labor camps for the outsiders or those who are not concerned with the project construction activities, Prohibiting workers to get mingled within the community etc.; vi) Emergency Health Services like Swab Collection Service for COVID test and its Report Collection, Availability of Medicines etc. ; vii) Use of PPE to avoid infection if required; vii) Provision of proper fooding & lodging facilities; viii) Provision of vaccines of COVID 19 to the workers if during the time of construction phase, vaccine distribution is available even for general public (Note: Currently, vaccines have been provided to the workers of health related fields and journalists) • Train all the site personnel regarding environmental health and safety issues. • Provide Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) to workers that includes protective clothing, helmets, goggles, boots and other equipment designed to protect the wearer’s body from injury or infection and ensure their effective usage • Require workers to wear high visibility clothes • Maintenance of hygiene within the labor camp as well as construction sites. • Ensure no water stagnation either in construction site or in labor camp to get rid of the breeding grounds for the mosquitoes to prevent dengue outbreak. • Provision of mosquito netting to the workers during sleep hours. • Make the workers to dress with the full body covered clothing. • Prohibit the workers to prepare or eat raw or undercooked poultry products. • Recommend workers to avoid contact with the chiggers while working in the grassland areas to reduce the risk of getting scrub typhus.

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• Ensure availability of health care facilities for diagnosis and testing if any symptoms of Dengue/Scrub Typhus or Influenza H5N1 or H1N1 are seen. • Ensure immediate availability of treatment facilities if those suspected cases of Dengue/Scrub Typhus or Influenza H5N1 or H1N1 comes out to be positive. • Maintain accident reports and records. • Arrangement of first aid kits to make it readily available • Ensure uncontaminated water for drinking, cooking, and washing, • Assure clean eating areas • Make sure sanitation facilities are readily available • Provision of adequate space and light to the camp site • Adequate supply of potable water to the camps and good sanitation within camps • Provision of medical insurance coverage for workers • Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible backup alarms; • Enforcement of Hearing protection equipment in noisy environment • Chemical and Material storage areas need to be marked clearly • Implementation of Emergency Preparedness Response Plan to be prepared for the earthquake risks that includes i) Reporting of Incidents; ii) Investigation of incidents and iii) Prepared for availability of Stretchers, Life buoys, first aiders, first aid kits etc.

III. Traffic Congestion

329. The market area during unloading of construction materials and pipeline laying works may get disturbed and this may provide discomfort to the passer-by & shopkeepers and may obstruct the daily activities of the people living in that area .

330. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration.

331. The mitigation measures for this impact include:

• Immediate Backfilling of the pipeline trench followed by compaction right after the completion of pipe laying works • Provision of signage at appropriate locations indicating available alternate access routes to minimize traffic disruptions • Provision of access to shops and residences using simple wooden walkways. • Provision of alternative way for vehicular movement and pedestrians if possible • Implementation of the Traffic Management Plan by the contractor especially at Bazaar the sample of which has been attached in Annex D.

IV. Public Protests

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332. Due to the interruption of traffic flow, there is high chance of protests by the local people. This may interrupt the construction activities of the proposed project.

333. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration.

334. The mitigation measures for this impact include:

• Conducting Public Consultation at various stages & locations as per requirement • Implementation of Grievance Redress Mechanism • Giving Prior Notice to the public regarding the construction works that possibly hinder their daily activities and Establishing coordination with them properly

V. Disruption to Local Vendor's Business

335. The construction works during pipe laying activities may disrupt local vendor's business as the construction activities may obstruct their customers to have easy & direct access to their shops. This may hamper their daily business activities.

336. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration.

337. The mitigation measures for this impact include:

• Avoiding delay in construction works and Prompt Backfilling right after completion of pipe laying works. • Provision of temporary access to the shops through provision of planks • Giving Prior Notice to the vendors regarding the construction works that may hinder their daily activities and Establishing coordination with them properly

VI. Disturbance to the Institutions & Interference from the School Kids

338. The study shows that some portion of distribution pipelines run along the Shankar Higher Secondary School area & Primary Health Center of the project town. The photographs of these areas are attached in Annex M. The construction works during pipe laying activities may create disturbance in these areas. The mobility of vehicles and pipeline works may create disturbances to the students and school while commuting to and for the school as well as health center. This may disrupt their normal daily activities.

339. Similarly, the unloading of construction materials for the construction works of institutional toilet within the school premise may also create disturbance to the students. Also, as this school is for primary level kids, during construction of this institutional toilet within the school premise, there may be chance of interference from those school kids that may be unsafe for them.

340. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration.

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341. The mitigation measures for this impact include:

• Establishing coordination with school administration & health center authority by construction team prior to the construction. • Fixing the material transportation as well as pipe laying works schedule in relevance to the school operation time. Like, Generally, the school hour is from 10am to 4pm. Hence, the most suitable time for material transportation is before 8am and after 5pm. • Provision of temporary access to these institutions through provision of planks • Hard Barricading around the school area as well as primary health center area during pipe laying works. • Hard Barricading during the construction of institutional toilet to avoid interference from the school kids. • Fixing the material unloading schedule during public holidays as far as possible to avoid disturbance to the school kids for the toilet construction.

VII. Mobilization of Child Labor

342. During construction period, there is possibility of mobilization of child labor by the contractors which is against the Child Labor Prohibition Act,2000 as child labor deprives children off their childhood and their right to education,health, safety and moral development.

343. The impact is indirect in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and long-term in duration.

344. The mitigation measures for this impact include:

• Provision for the requirement of submission of the citizenship certificate of each labor as the Child Labor Prohibition Act, 2000 states that “No Child having not attained the age of 14 years shall be engaged in works as a laborer” during mobilization • Establishing agreement with the contractor by the Client to follow Child Labor Prohibition Act, 2000 and Child Labour Prohibition Rules & Regulations,2006 during contract agreement.

VIII. Impact on Sustainability of Works

345. If the construction works are carried out during monsoons, there is high risk of flooding event to occur within this project town area as the events of flood were recorded in the past during monsoons. These flooding may sweep away the proposed project components that are under construction. This will unsustain the construction works of the proposed project.

346. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, high in magnitude and short-term in duration.

347. The mitigation measures for this impact include:

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• Conducting engineering investigation of built structures and Implementation of the necessary corrective actions immediately by the contractor after every flooding event. • Preparation and Implementation of Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan

IX. Damage to the Existing Utilities & Facilities

348. During the construction phase, while excavating the earth, there is possibility of the existing water supply distribution pipelines getting damaged in a few places particularly in the market area. Similarly, if the proposed pipelines require to cross the existing paved as well as unpaved road, these roads needs to be dismantled. This will obviously create discomfort to the people and people will be deprived of regular facilities they are getting from the existing utilities.

349. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and short-term in duration

350. The mitigation measures for this impact include:

• If during construction phase, the problem regarding damage to the existing utilities arises, then it will be the fault of the people involved in construction works as this problem will be considered during design phase. This problem will arise only if no carefulness is adopted by the workers and if the pipeline layout drawings prepared during design phase is not strictly followed. Hence, the mitigation measure for this impact is Monitoring construction workers to adopt carefulness during pipeline excavation works and Strictly following of the layout drawings.

• Similarly, during excavation works, damage to the existing paved as well as unpaved roads can be mitigated through prompt reinstatement works. The proposed project has provision for this reinstatement works and the cost estimate has been included in the the detailed design cost estimate of this proposed project.

• As per minutes of meeting held on December 28, 2020, in regard to the discussion on the proposed pipeline that needs to be laid across the highway, it is decided either to use the existing culvert or to precede the pipeline alignment under the existing bridge if any, as far as possible. If there is no possibility to use the existing bridge and if there seems requirement of dismantling of section of highway to run the proposed alignment, approval from Road Division Office through the recommendation of the local authority is necessary. c) Operation Phase

I. Occupational Health and Safety Hazards

351. Worker’s exposure to, and/or mishandling of chemicals and other hazardous substances pose health and safety hazards.

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352. The impact is indirect in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and long-term in duration.

353. The mitigation measures for this impact include;

354. (i) installation of clear, visible signage in premises onsafety measures; and (ii) setting up a mechanism for the quick response to spills of chemical and hazardous substances.

II. Complications in water distribution system

355. There is chance of occurrence of complications in water distribution system due to any one or combinations of the following will have impact on public health: (i) accidental human error in chlorine dosing; (ii) accidental spill of hazardous substances; (iii) leaks in the system; (iv) lack of environmental quality monitoring; (v) inadequate maintenance and housekeeping; and (vi) deteriorating quality of water resource without parallel upgrading the water treatment process.

356. The impact is direct in nature, local in extent, medium in magnitude and long-term in duration.

357. The mitigation measures for this impact include;

358. (i) Ensuring the correct operation of pressure filter to meet satisfactory water quality; (ii) Provision of safe storage for chemicals; (iii) Ventilation of Housed dosing unit for chlorine and (iv) Provision of training facilities to the operators for handling chlorine for which Chlorine Use Guidelines as included in Annex K.

III. Non-Sustainability of Services or Completed Works

359. Climate Change is a global challenge that has been affecting in Nepal also. The critical impacts induced by climate change droughts are changes in temperature, precipitation, and sea levels, all of which have varying consequences not only on ecosystem but on the availability of water supplies. Climate change will alter the hydrological characteristics of surface water due to changes in seasonal rainfall pattern and surface run-off. This will affect stream, river and reservoir yields and recharge of ground water aquifers making water resources difficult to manage and use. This results in reduction of rate of rainfall which further reduces the rate of groundwater recharge. This will decrease the level of aquifer thus may cause deficiency of groundwater in the coming future. This will unsustain the proposed system as the proposed project depends upon the groundwater source. Good engineering design should accommodate the climate change issues. This issue will arise and result in disruption in smooth operation of water supply service with the Operator’s disregard of these impacts. Along with this, the unsustainability of the completed works may result due to the issues that include; (i) Lack of Sense of ownership & Affordability; (ii) Lack of Institutional Capacity & Policy Compliance and (iii) Ineffectiveness in O & M.

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360. Similarly, the events of flood each year during monsoons in this project town were recorded. Hence, the sustainability of the proposed system may be susceptible to risk as there is high chance of occurrence of flood events.

361. These issues will be more intense with the Operator’s disregard of the impacts of (i) Climate Change-induced drought; and (ii) Flooding events during operation.

362. The following mitigation measures to avoid non-sustainability of services or completed works are as follows:

➢ Monitoring of groundwater source in regard to its recharge capacity closely by WUSC, especially in the dry season and during a climate-change-induced drought ➢ Conducting engineering investigations of completed works and Implementation of the necessary corrective actions without delay after every flooding event ➢ Preparation of Emergency Response Plan and Immediate implementation of this plan after flooding event ➢ Strengthening Institutional Capacity and Policy Compliance through various project related capacity building programs ➢ Carrying out regular O & M with effectiveness through proper management of WUSC

363. The impact is indirect in nature for climate change issues and direct in nature for the flooding issues, local in extent, high in magnitude and long-term in duration.

364. The summary of impact matrix of adverse issues of the proposed project is given in the table given below:

Table VII-I: Summary of Impact Matrix of Adverse Issues

Impact Rating Adverse Issues Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Rating A) Impacts on Physical Environment i) Design Phase Soil Erosion & Slope D M (20) L (20) ST (5) Insignificant (45) Instability Traffic Interference D M (20) L (20) ST (5) Insignificant (45) ii) Construction Phase Soil Erosion & Land Insignificant D M (20) L (20) ST (5) Surface Disturbances (45) Insignificant Spoil Disposal D M (20) L (20) ST (5) (45) Insignificant Loss of Top Fertile Soil D M (20) L (20) ST (5) (45) Very Significant Air Pollution ID M (20) R (60) ST (5) (85) Very Significant Noise Pollution D H (60) L (20) ST (5) (85) Generation of Solid Waste & D M (20) L (20) LT (20) Significant (60)

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Impact Rating Adverse Issues Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Rating Wastewater from the construction site & worker’s camp Accidental Leakage or Spillage D M (20) L (20) LT (20) Significant (60) of Stored Fuel/Chemicals Impact on Land Use Pattern D & ID M (20) L (20) LT (20) Significant (60) Disruption to Natural Drainage D M (20) L (20) LT (20) Significant (60) Haphazard Disposal of D M (20) L (20) LT (20) Significant (60) Dismantled Debris iii) Operation Phase Significant Land Subsidence D H(60) L (20) LT (20) (100) B) Impacts on Biological

Environment i) Construction Phase Impacts on Flora and Insignificant D M (20) L (20) ST (5) Fauna (45) Insignificant Impacts on Aquatic Life D M (20) L (20) ST (5) (45) Impacts on Protected Insignificant D M (20) L (20) ST (5) Areas (45) C) Impacts on Chemical

Environment i) Construction Phase Impacts on Water Quality Very Significant D M (20) R (60) ST (5) of the nearby rivers (85) ii) Operation Phase Impacts on Water Quality Very Significant D M (20) R (60) LT (20) of the nearby rivers (100) D) Impacts on Socio-

economic Environment i) Design Phase Structural Failure ID M (20) L (20) LT (20) Significant (60) Health & Safety of ID M (20) L (20) LT (20) Significant (60) Community & Workers Damage to the Existing Insignificant D M (20) L (20) ST (5) Facilities (45) ii) Construction Phase Community Health and Insignificant ID M (20) L (20) ST (5) Safety Hazards (45) Workers’ Health and Safety Insignificant ID M (20) L (20) ST (5) Hazards (45) Insignificant Traffic Congestion D M (20) L (20) ST (5) (45) Insignificant Public Protests D M (20) L (20) ST (5) (45) Disruption to local vendor's Insignificant D M (20) L (20) ST (5) business (45) Disturbance to the D M (20) L (20) ST (5) Insignificant

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Impact Rating Adverse Issues Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Rating Institutions & Interference (45) from the School Kids Mobilization of Child ID M (20) L (20) LT (20) Significant (60) Labor Impacts on the Very significant D H (60) L (20) ST (5) Sustainability of Works (85) Damage to the Existing Insignificant D M (20) L (20) ST (5) Facilities & Utilities (45) iii) Operation Phase Occupational Health & ID M (20) L (20) LT (20) Significant (60) Safety Hazards Complications in Water D M (20) L (20) LT (20) Significant (60) Distribution System Non-Sustainability of Very Significant Services or Completed ID H (60) L (20) LT (20) (100) Works Source: National EIA Guidelines, 1993 & IEE Study 2018/019 Note: Scoring is done based on following;

Nature of Impact: D = Direct; IN = Indirect; Magnitude, H = High (60); M = Medium/Moderate (20); and L = Low (10) Extent, R = Regional (60), L = Local (20); and S = Site-specific (10) Duration, LT = Long-term (20), MT = Medium-term (10); and ST = Short-term (5) The points/scoring are taken from the National EIA Guidelines, 1993

Significance of Impact

Total Score: More than 75 : Very Significant

50-75 : Significant

Less than 50 : Insignificant

365. The above given table shows that Air Pollution, Noise Pollution, Impacts on Water Quality of nearby rivers & Impact on Sustainability of works during Construction Phase and Impacts on Water Quality of nearby rivers and Non-Sustainability of Services or Completed Work during Operation Phase are evaluated as “Very Significant”. However, if the mitigation measures as discussed above for these impacts are properly adopted, these impacts would not be problematic for the project implementation. Apart of this, the Table VII-I also shows that some impacts are insignificant & some are significant. The best way to mitigate these impacts is to follow the proposed mitigation measures and to implement them effectively.

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C. Significance of Impact Rating

366. The significance of impact rating as shown in the above table is that it helps to determine the severity of each anticipated adverse impact. This will help to recommend suitable mitigation measures for each impact on the basis of its severity. This will help to allocate budget required for the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. As per the severity, the impact rating shall act as a means of making policy and legislations more rational, predictable and scientific. This will also help to establish close and routine monitoring requirement or criteria for mitigating impacts. This will also help to recommend the needs of adopting special checklists, if required. Moreover, this will assist to advance towards the environmental auditing during construction and operation phase, as one of the most important environmental management tools. This auditing enables to assess the actual environmental impacts, accuracy of prediction, effectiveness of environmental mitigation measures adopted and functioning of monitoring mechanism.

367. Hence, the main significance of impact rating is that it reflects the authenticity of impact assessment in which the significance is interpreted in terms of acceptability of impacts that can be either in terms of legal requirements or public/stakeholders' satisfaction.

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VIII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION & PARTICIPATION

A. Stakeholder Consultation & Participation

368. Stakeholder consultation and participation is an essential process in project preparation. It is also a part of information disclsoure. It will disseminate as well as collect information regarding the proposed project by involving various stakeholders that includes Key Informant Interviews, Stakeholders Meetings, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), On-site discussions with WUSC and Random Field Interviews. The minutes of various meetings undertaken during field visits are also included in Annex J.

369. This stakeholder consultation requires the analysis of stakeholders through the identification of the potential participants and the methods of their involvement. The table given below illustrates the concerned stakeholders of the proposed project that will have either primary or secondary.

Table VIII-I:Stakeholder Analysis & Mapping S.N. Stakeholders Primary3 Secondary4 Stakeholders 'Role or Level of Interest Influence

1. Government of ✓ It is the executive and central High Nepal body.

2. Ministry of Water ✓ It is the lead executive agency High Supply (MoWS) and is responsible for policy coordination, guidance, review of programs, ensuring that all aspects relevant to achieve the objective of the project and for sustaining the improved services to the required level. 3. ADB ✓ It supports government of Nepal Medium in improving and enhancing the existing water supply service. 4. Department of ✓ It is the lead-implementing High Water Supply and agency and works under Sewerage MoWS with the responsibility Management of planning, implementation,

operation, repair & maintenance of the proposed project.

3 Primary Stakeholders: people, groups and institutions affected positively (beneficiaries) or negatively (involuntarily resettled) by the proposed program 4 Secondary Stakeholders: people, groups and institutions that are important intermediaries in the program delivery process

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S.N. Stakeholders Primary3 Secondary4 Stakeholders 'Role or Level of Interest Influence

5. DWASH-CC ✓ It provides coordination in the High preparation of local WASH plans with inputs from WASH sector actors and in the effective implementation of the local plans related to this project. 5. UWSSP, PMO, RPMO ✓ It is responsible in successfully High & DRTAC implementing the proposed project activities, establishing coordination with ADB & GoN and managing day to day activities at municipality levels. 6. Town Development ✓ TDF will assist the project High Fund (TDF) municipality conducting financial appraisal of the proposed project and advice DWSSM on its outcomes prior to the start of detailed design process. 7. Local Bodies (DCC, ✓ It is responsible for establishing High Municipality & Ward coordination with the Offices) implementing agency. Here, the municipality will be also responsible for policy compliance as well as for addressing public protests if any.

DSMC ✓ It will assist PMO & RPMO in High 8. the overall planning, implementation and monitoring of the project activities regarding environmental & social safeguards requirements. 9. WUSC ✓ It is responsible for O & M of High the proposed project. It will also facilitate the concerned authorities during planning as well as construction phase. 10. Households (Families ✓ They are the main beneficiaries Low & Individuals) and are benefitted by the provision of adequate, safe, reliable & potable drinking

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S.N. Stakeholders Primary3 Secondary4 Stakeholders 'Role or Level of Interest Influence

11. Contractors, Petty ✓ It is responsible for bidding for Low Contractors works and involved in the construction of the proposed project. 12. Local ✓ This group will be benefitted Low Technicians/Plumbers through the increased work opportunities related to construction works of the proposed project. 13. Unemployed Locals ✓ This group will be benefitted Low through the increased work opportunities related to construction works of the proposed project.

14. Local Vendors ✓ The pipe laying works at core Low bazaar areas interfering the access to their shops may affect this group.

15. Schools & Hospitals ✓ This group will be benefitted by Low the provision of enhanced and improved continuous water supply service. 16. Commercial ✓ This group is benefitted by Low Establishments enhancing their business by (Private Enterprises) supplying items to the construction employees regarding their basic needs. 17. Scrap Vendors ✓ This group will be benefitted by Low purchasing the recyclable wastes generated from the construction activities as well as from workers camp. 18. Local Leaders ✓ This group will facilitate to High establish strong coordination between the local people and the project authority. Source: IEE Field Study 2018/019 and Final DEDR & DDR, 2021

370. The consultations were carried out on various dates at varous locations within the project town for the discussion of the anticipated environmental impacts that may result from the construction of the proposed project. The consultations were undertaken with key stakeholders that includes Local Bodies, Beneficiaries Households, TDF, PMO, RPMO & DRTAC in line with ADB’s requirements pertaining to environment and social considerations. The key concerns of the people related to the project that includes

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Implementation of the safeguard policy framework in field level, Delivering the information regarding safeguard activities to local level, Willingness to pay, Upfront cash collection and People’s participation in project implementation were discussed.

B. Major Issues Discussed during Stakeholder Consultation

371. The major issues raised by the key stakeholders during stakeholder consultation are as follows:

i. The project town is in need of safe, reliable and potable water because people are facing water shortage problem for decades. ii. Integration of the water supply components that are under construction into the proposed system iii. Approval from the municipality to use the land required for the construction of the proposed project components iv. Demarcation of Service Area v. Upfront Cash Contribution by beneficiaries vi. Resettlement Issues vii. Consideration of Environmental Issues and Assurance of Environmental Safety during construction as well as operation phase viii. Approval from Road Division Office through recommendation from the municipality if there seems requirement of dismantling of the blacktopped road to lay the proposed pipelines across the highway/roads (E-W highway & Kanchanrup-Fattepur Road)

372. The assurance made by the study team regarding the issues discussed during the stakeholder consultation are as follows:

i. The proposed project will address the water shortage problem faced by Kanchanrup Municipality. ii. The new ones will replace the existing water supply components that are not in operation and those in good condition will be integrated into the proposed system. iii. Necessary approval from the municipality will be taken as per requirement iv. The service area ( Partial areas of Wards 4, 7,8, 9, 11 & 12) is demarcated based upon the discussion with WUSC and the concerned stakeholders and the information regarding this has been delivered to the stakeholders also. v. Regarding the upfront Cash contribution by the beneficiaries, information to the stakeholders has been delivered in regard to the strategy of UWSSP i.e., 5% upfront cash contribution. WUSC assure to collect the said amount from the beneficiaries. vi. There will be no resettlement issues because all the project components will be constructed within the same compound of existing boring sites and similarly none of pipeline alignment will interfere the settlement area as all the pipelines are proposed to be laid within RoW of public road. vii. It is decided to consider Environmental Issues and to carry out the project activities ensuring environmental safety through implementation of suitable mitigation measures.

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP viii. If there is requirement of dismantling of sections of highways/roads, it is decided to take approval from Road Division Office through the recommendation of the local authority.

373. The project envisages that stakeholder consultations will continue during the project period and concerned stakeholders will be invited and encouraged to participate. The PMO and ICG will maintain rapport with WUSC and the municipality. PMO, ICG, Contractors, and WUSC will be open to the public to discuss concerning the progress of the subprojects, adverse impacts, mitigation measures and environmental monitoring and grievances. The stakeholder consultations in future will be as follows.

i. During construction, if change in design, alignment, and location, the PMO and ICG will hold at least one public consultation to solicit perceived impacts, issues, concerns and recommendations from affected communities;

ii. Before construction, the PMO and ICG will conduct an information, education and communication (IEC) campaign among the affected communities about the upcoming construction, its anticipated impacts, the grievance redress mechanism, contact details and location of the PMO and ICG, and status of compliance with the Government’s environmental safeguard requirements. Billboards about the subproject, implementation schedule and contact details of the executing agency, PMO-ES, ICG- ESA and Contractors will be set up at strategic locations. The grievance redresses procedure and details will be posted at the offices of the ICG, WUSC and VDC;

iii. During construction, regular random interviews will be conducted by the ICG-ESA every month to monitor environmental concerns of subproject communities;

iv. During operation, periodic random interviews will be conducted by the ICG and WUSC to monitor the environmental concerns of subproject communities;

v. The public consultations and information disclosure will be continuous throughout the project cycle. PMO and ICG will be responsible for designing and implementing such aspects on the ground.

374. The GoN-approved IEE Report (in English), will be available at the offices of PMO, ICG, and WUSC for the perusal of interested parties. Copies may be made available upon formal request. IEE and environmental monitoring reports will be disclosed on the ADB’s and UWSSSP’s website. This kind of activity is a part of Information Disclosure.

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IX. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

A. Purpose of the Grievance Redress Mechanism

375. A project-specific grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be established to receive, evaluate and facilitate resolution of affected persons’ concerns, complaints, and grievances related to social, environmental and other concerns on the project. The GRM will aim to provide a time-bound and transparent mechanism to resolve such concerns. The mechanism, developed in consultation with key stakeholders, will ensure that: (i) the basic rights and interests of every person adversely affected by the social and environmental performance of a Project are protected; and (ii) their concerns are effectively and timely addressed.

376. A common GRM will be in place for social, environmental or any other grievances related to the project. The GRM will provide an accessible forum for receiving and facilitating resolution of affected persons’ grievances related to the project. Project will publish the sample grievance registration form on its website, and publish it in local language, at the hoarding board of each of the participating WUA or municipalities’ office. Every grievance shall be registered with careful documentation of process adopted for each of the grievance handled, as explained below. The environmental and social safeguards officer (ESO/SSO) at the project management office (PMO) will have the overall responsibility for timely grievance redress on environmental and social safeguards issues. The Social Safeguards Officer at the Regional Project Management Office (RPMO) will be the focal person for facilitating the grievance redress at the local level.

377. A municipal-level public awareness campaign will be conducted on a regular basis as shown in the Communication & Public Participation Plan (CAPP) of the project to ensure awareness on the project and its GRM. The social and environmental safeguards experts of the PMQAC and RDSMCs will support the WUA or municipalities in conducting municipality-wide awareness campaigns, which will ensure that all stakeholders including poor and vulnerable are aware of the GRM and project’s entitlements.

B. Proposed Set-Up

378. A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) will be formed at the Municipality level, comprising the Mayor as Chairperson of GRC, and Regional Project Manager RPMO as Secretary. The GRC members will comprise of (1) WUSC Secretary; (2) RPMO Engineer; (3) RPMO social /environmental (as relevant) officer, (4) representative of affected persons, (5) RDSMC’s safeguards specialist (social/environment as relevant), (6) a representative of reputable and relevant CBO/SHG/organization working in the project area as invitee5 , and (7) contractor’s representative. The secretary of the GRC will be responsible for convening timely meetings and maintaining minutes of meetings. The concerned social safeguards expert of RDSMC will support the RPMO safeguard’s officer and Project Manager of

5 If the complaints are related with IP/Dalits/other vulnerable groups, specific NGO/CBO that actively involved in development of these communities shall be involved.

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RPMO to ensure that grievances, including those of the poor and vulnerable are addressed. All GRCs shall have at least two women committee members. Along with representatives of the APs, civil society and eminent citizens can be invited as observers in GRC meetings.

379. The functions of the local GRC are as follows: (i) provide support to affected persons on problems arising from environmental or social disruption; asset acquisition (if necessary); and eligibility for entitlements, compensation and assistance; (ii) record grievances of APs, categorize and prioritize them and provide solutions within 15 days of receipt of complaint by WUA or local bodies; and (iii) ensure feedback to the aggrieved parties about developments regarding their grievances and decisions of the GRC.

380. The GRM procedure is outlined below in detail, with each step having time-bound schedules and responsible persons to address grievances and indicating appropriate persons whose advice is to be sought at each stage, as required:

(i) First Level of GRM (WUA level): The first-level, which is also the most accessible and immediate venue for quick resolution of grievances will be the contractors, RDSMC field engineers and RPMO supervision personnel, who will immediately inform the WUA. Any person with a grievance related to the project works can contact UWSSP to file a complaint. The municipal-level field office of the RPMO, in WUA’s building, will document the complaint within 24 hours of receipt of complaint in the field, and WUA or local bodies will immediately address and resolve the issue at field-level with the contractor, supervision personnel of RPMO and RDSMC field engineers within 5 days of receipt of a complaint/grievance. The assigned RDSMC’s Social Mobilizer will be responsible to fully document: (i) name of the person, (ii) date of complaint received, (iii) nature of complaint, (iv) location and (v) how the complaint was resolved. If the complaint remains unresolved at the local level within 5 days, the WUA will forward the complaint to the municipality level GRM.

(ii) Second Level of GRM (Municipality level): The complainant will be notified by the WUA that the grievance is forwarded to the Municipality-level GRC. The M level GRC will be called for a meeting, called and chaired by the Mayor. The GRC will recommend corrective measures at the field level and assign clear responsibilities for implementing its decision within 10 days of receipt of complaint by WUA. If the grievance remains unresolved within 10 days of receipt of complaint by WUA, the matter will be referred to the third level. The RPMO Engineer will be responsible for processing and placing all papers before the GRC, recording decisions, issuing minutes of the meetings, providing feedback to complainants and taking follow up actions so that formal orders are issued and decisions are carried out.

(iii) Third Level of GRM (PMO Level): Any unresolved or major issues at Municipality level will be referred to the PMO for final solution. The PMO’s Project Director (PD) will have special meeting to find solutions. Decision has to be made within 15 days of receipt of complaint by WUA. The PD will sign off on all grievances

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received by the PMO. The concerned Deputy Project Director (DPD) and environmental and social safeguards officers (ESO & SSO) of PMO will be involved with support from the PMQAC’s social/environment safeguards experts. The SSO will be responsible to convey the final decision to the complainant.

381. The complainant will have to fill up Grievance Redress Form as shown in Annex C to file the complaint. All paperwork (details of grievances) needs to be completed by the WUA member secretary assisted by RDSMC and circulated to the WUA Chairperson and members. At Municipality level, the RPMO Engineer will be responsible for circulation of grievances to the Regional Project Manager, DWSS, Mayor and other GRC members, prior to the scheduled meetings. The RPMO’s Engineer will be responsible for follow-through of all escalated grievances. All decisions taken by the GRC will be communicated to the APs by the RPMO’s SSO.

382. Despite the project GRM, an aggrieved person shall have access to the country's legal system at any stage and accessing the country's legal system can run parallel to accessing the GRM and is not dependent on the negative outcome of the GRM.

383. In the event that the established GRM is not in a position to resolve the issue, the affected person also can use ADB’s Accountability Mechanism (AM) through directly contacting (in writing) the Complaint Receiving Officer (CRO) at ADB headquarters or the ADB Nepal Resident Mission. The complaint can be submitted in any of the official languages of ADB’s developing member countries (DMCs). The ADB’s AM information will be included in UWSSSP Information Datasheet (PID), to be published in web and distributed to the affected communities, as part of the project GRM.

384. This GRM procedure is briefly depicted in Figure IX-I given below:

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Figure IX-I: Grievance Redress Mechanism (Formal Approach)

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X. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Introduction

385. The purpose of the environmental management plan (EMP): is to ensure that the activities are undertaken in a responsible, non-detrimental manner with the objectives of (i) providing a proactive, feasible, and practical working tool to enable the measurement and monitoring of environmental performance on-site; (ii) guiding and controlling the implementation of findings and recommendations of the environmental assignment conducted for the project; (iii) detailing specific actions deemed necessary to assist in mitigating the environmental impacts of the project and in enhancing beneficial impacts; and (iv) ensuring that safety recommendations are complied with.

386. A copy of EMP must be kept on work sites at all times. This EMP will be included in the bid documents and will be further reviewed and updated during implementation. EMP will be made binding on all contractors operating on the site and will be included in the contractual clauses. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this document constitutes a failure in compliance.

B. Institutional Arrangement a) Executing and Implementing Agencies

387. The Ministry of Water Supply (MoWS) will be the executing agency with the responsibility of project execution delegated to the Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Management (DWSSM). Water User’s and Sanitation Committee is the implementing agency.

388. The key responsibilities of these executing and implementing agencies are as follows:

Prior to construction:

• MoWS will deputize a qualified staff to act as the Environmental Safeguard Officer of the Project management office (PMO). • MoWS will establish the grievance redress mechanism, including setting up the Grievance Redress Committee. • The Water Supply and Environmental Division of the MoWS will be responsible for reviewing and approval of the IEE Report. • DWSSM will review the IEE Report prepared by the Design, Supervision and Management Consultant Team’s Environmental Safeguard Expert (DSMC-ESE) before forwarding this to MoWS. • DWSSM will prepare the ToRs for the Environmental Safeguard Specialist that will engage to support PMO and for the Environmental Safeguard Specialists of the two Design, Supervision and Management Consultants that will be appointed to prepare the projects.

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389. Project Management Office (PMO):A project officer (Environment) will be engaged in PMO to ensure implementation of environmental safeguards. He/ she will be provided with necessary consultant support, and capacity development and training. The responsibilities of the Environment Officer are:

(i) review and confirm existing IEEs and EMPs are updated based on detailed designs, that new IEEs/EMPs prepared by DSMCs comply to exclusion criteria and project selection guidelines as stipulated in the EARF and government rules; and recommend for approval to PMO;

(ii) approve subproject environmental category;

(iii) ensure that EMPs are included in bidding documents and civil works contracts;

(iv) provide oversight on environmental management aspects of subprojects and ensure EMPs are implemented by RPMOs and contractors;

(v) establish a system to monitor environmental safeguards of the project including monitoring the indicators set out in the monitoring plan of the EMP;

(vi) facilitate and confirm overall compliance with all Government rules and regulations regarding site and environmental clearances as well as any other environmental requirements as relevant;

(vii) supervise and provide guidance to the RPMOs to properly carry out the environmental monitoring and assessments as per the EARF;

(viii) review, monitor and evaluate effectiveness with which the EMPs are implemented, and recommend necessary corrective actions to be taken;

(ix) consolidate monthly environmental monitoring reports from RPMOs and submit semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB;

(x) ensure timely disclosure of final IEEs/EMPs in project locations and in a form accessible to the public;

(xi) address any grievances brought about through the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) in a timely manner as per the IEEs;

(xii) undertake regular review of safeguards-related loan covenants, and the compliance during program implementation; and

(xiii) organize periodic capacity building and training programs on safeguards for project stakeholders, PMO, RPMOs, and WUAs.

390. Regional Project Management Offices (Eastern and Western RPMOs):The environmental officer assigned by DWSSM to the RPMOs will receive support from (i) the

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PMO environmental officer, (ii) environmental specialist from PMQAC; and (iii) the environmental specialist and EMP monitors of the regional DSMCs to carry out the following:

(i) prepare new IEEs and EMPs in accordance with the EARF and government rules; (ii) include EMPs in bidding documents and civil works contracts; (iii) comply with all government rules and regulations; (iv) take necessary action for obtaining rights of way; (v) oversee implementation of EMPs including environmental monitoring by contractors; (vi) take corrective actions when necessary to ensure no environmental impacts; (vii) submit monthly environmental monitoring reports to PMO; and (viii) address any grievances brought about through the Grievance Redress Mechanism in a timely manner as per the IEEs.

391. PMQAC: The Project Management and Quality Assurance Consultants (PMQAC) will provide support to the PMO in the following areas through the provison of environmental officer as per requirement:

(i) ensure that the quality of the designs and construction of all water supply and sanitation components implemented under the project are to the required standards; and (ii) assist the PMO with the overall planning, implementation and monitoring of the project during all stages of implementation including adherence to all environmental and social safeguards’ requirements.

392. Regional DSMCs:The RDSMCs will provide support to the RPMOs in the following areas by deploying the environmental officer as per requirement:

(i) prepare quality feasibility studies, detailed engineering designs, safeguards documents and bid documents (ii) provide effective construction supervision and contract management of all water supply and sanitation components implemented under the project in its region (iii) assist the RPMOs with the overall planning, implementation and monitoring of each subproject during all stages of implementation including adherence to all environmental and social safeguards requirements (iv) work closely with the Water User and Sanitation Committees (WUSCs), respective project municipalities and communities to ensure that the citizens are aware of project benefits and their responsibilities (v) ensure that poor and vulnerable groups will benefit equally from the project.

393. Civil Works Contracts and Contractors: EMPs are to be included in bidding and contract documents and verified by PMO and RPMOS. It is the responsibility of the contractor to prepare site-specific EMP (SEMP) that should be reviewed and approved by PMO. The contractor will be required to designate an environment supervisor to ensure

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implementation of EMP during civil works once the contract is awarded. Contractors are to carry out all environmental mitigation and monitoring measures outlined in their contract. The government will ensure that bidding and contract documents include specific provision requiring contractors to comply with all; (i) applicable labor laws and core labor standards on (a) prohibition of child labor as define in national legislation for construction and maintenance activities, (b) equal pay for equal work of equal value regardless of gender, ethnicity or caste (c) elimination of forced labor; and (ii) the requirement to disseminate information on sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS to employees and local communities surrounding the project site.

394. Capacity Building: The PMQAC safeguards experts (environmental and social) will be responsible for training the (i) PMO’s safeguards officers (environmental and social); (ii) RPMOs’ engineers and social development officers. Training modules will need to cover safeguards awareness and management in accordance with both ADB and government requirements as specified below:

(i) Environmental Safeguards (a) Sensitization on ADB’s policies and guidelines on environment; (b) Introduction to environment and environmental considerations in water supply and wastewater projects; (c) Review of IEEs and integration into the project detailed design; (d) Improved coordination within nodal departments; and (e) Monitoring and reporting system. The contractors will be required to conduct environmental awareness programs and orientation to the workers prior to deployment to work sites. (ii) Social Safeguards (a) Sensitization on ADB’s policies on Involuntary Resettlement and Indigenous People; (b) Introduction to social safeguards assessment and document requirements; (c) Consultation and participations requirements; (d) Project GRM and ADB’s Accountability Mechanism (AM); and (e) Monitoring and Reporting System.

395. Water Users and Sanitation Committees (WUSCs): WUSCs are the eventual operators of the completed projects. The key tasks and responsibilities of the WUSCs are, but not limited to:

Before construction • Facilitate public consultation and participation, information dissemination and social preparation. • Provide available data to DSMC-ESS during the conduct of IEE • Assist in securing the tree-cutting permit and/or registration of water source. • Participate in the capacity development program.

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During construction

• Assist in the observance of the grievance redress mechanism. • Actively participate in the monitoring of Contractor’s compliance with IEE and its EMP and the conditions set out with Government’s approval of the IEE Reports. • Facilitate public consultations, as necessary.

During operation

• Implement EMP and the Water Safety Plan. • If applicable, actively work with the engaged licensed and accredited laboratory in water quality monitoring. • Prepare the environmental monitoring report as per IEE. • Ensure observance of the grievance redress mechanism.

396. Licensed and accredited laboratory: It is recommended that a licensed and accredited laboratory be engaged to conduct water quality monitoring in the first few years of operation and to train the WUSC on the same. The laboratory will ensure that while carrying out the water quality monitoring as prescribed in the National Drinking Water Quality Standard and its Directives, ‘hands-on’ training is provided to the WUSC.

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C. Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

397. The table given below gives brief details on the Environmental Management plan (EMP) matrix that is to be implemented for the project implementation:

Table X-I: Environmental Management Plan Matrix

Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring A. Beneficial Impacts 1.Impact on Socioeconomic Environment a) Construction Phase Income Employment Generation • Recommend contractor to employ local people by • Contractors' Workers Log Book giving high priority to women and under privileged DSMC, • Number of local labors During Project group as far as possible. Contractor & employed in project Construction WUSC • Ensure equity in provision of wages to both male as • Consultant Monitoring well as female labors. Report Personal Skills Skill Enhancement • Contractors Work • Making a proper work plan and code of conduct Schedule DSMC, during the construction period. • Hands on training During Project Contractor & Photographs Construction • Provision of regular hands on training to the workers WUSC during the project construction period • WUSC monitoring report Local trade & business Enhanced Local trade & • Recommend contractor to give priority to the local opportunity business opportunity products during procurement of construction of • Contractors' Materials DSMC, materials. Log Book During Project Contractor & • WUSC monitoring Construction • Priority also will be given to local services like WUSC grocery stores, tea shops, hotel & restaurants etc. report during the entire construction period.

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Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring b) Operation Phase • Number of Site Inspection Visits Regular maintenance of the water supply components • Photographs of Health & Hygiene Improved health & hygiene should be done so that the project operates smoothly WUSC During O & M Inspection Visits and the benefits are intact • WUSC monitoring report

• Ensuring regular maintenance of the water supply • Number of Site Increased Economic components • WUSC Inspection Visits Economy During O & M Opportunity • Promoting urbanization through proper land • Local Authority • State of properly & development activities in the area legally planned land use

• Prioritize the vulnerable groups in WUSC along with • List of members of female groups. WUSC Social Status Social Empowerment • Involving underprivileged group of people especially WUSC • Photographs of capacity O & M phase women and poor people in various capacity building building programs programs and project related community meetings • Minutes of meetings B. Adverse Impacts 1. Impacts on Physical Environment a) Design Phase Topography/Geology Soil Erosion & Slope • Incorporate measures and sites for handling PMO, RPMO, & • Spoil Management Before award of Instability excessive spoil materials DSMC Plan contract, During • Incorporate drainage plan in final design • Final Design Detailed Design Documents Phase Traffic Flow Disturbance on the regular • Prepare & Incorporate Traffic Management Plan in PMO, RPMO, & • Traffic Management Before award of traffic flow and Effects on final design DSMC Plan contract, During normal schedule of passerby Detailed Design and the vehicles Phase b) Construction Phase

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Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring Topography/Geology Soil Erosion & Land Surface • Protecting the foundation from damage during Contractor • Contractor's Work Log Weekly Basis Disturbance backfilling Book During • Using the right backfill materials • Contractor's Material Construction • Compacting the backfills Log Book Phase • Final finishing the subgrade to ensure that water • Field Photographs drains away from the foundation Spoil Management Inappropriate disposal of Contractor • Spoil Management Plan During • Follow Spoil Management Plan as included in spoils from the construction • Photographs Construction Annex E. activities may result in • Location of Spoil Phase gullying and erosion of spoil • Use of excess Spoil or Soil for filling depressed Disposal Site tips especially when it is areas or borrow pits wherever possible. • Photographs combined with unmanaged • Appropriate disposal of Spoil at the designated surface water runoff. places.

• Spoils should not be disposed on natural drainage paths, canals and other infrastructures.

• Provision of toe walls and retaining walls to protect the erosion of disposed spoils.

• Provision of proper drainage, vegetation and adequate protection against erosion at the Spoil Disposal Site.

Soil Fertility Loss of Top Soil Contractor • Field Photographs Weekly Basis • Timely and careful removal of the top soil followed During by proper temporary storage at suitable location. • Contractor’s Work Log Construction The top soil then is reused in either preparing green Book spaces or others under suitable condition. Phase

Contractor Written Notice/Code of During award • Strict Prohibition of open burning of solid waste Air Quality Air Pollution Conduct of contract

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Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring Visible Emission Weekly Basis During Construction Number of complaints from sensitive receptors Contractor Number of water Tank/s Weekly Basis • Watering of dry exposed surfaces and stockpiles of Capacity of Water Tank/s During aggregates at least twice daily, as necessary; Daily/Weekly Construction Frequency/Timing of water spraying Locations of water spraying Contractor Contractors' Materials Log Weekly Basis • if re-surfacing of disturbed roads cannot be done Book of Materials to During immediately, spreading of crushed gravel over ensure the use of crushed Construction backfilled surfaces; gravel Photographs Contractor Number and Types of Weekly Basis • Use of Construction/ Transportation Vehicles vehicles in use During complying with NVMES,2069 Certified documents for Construction each vehicle used • Regular inspection & maintenance of Consultant & Contractor's/Consultant's Daily construction/transportation vehicles Contractor log book of vehicle Basis/During inspection & maintenance Construction Air Quality Air Pollution • Supply of clean cooking fuel to workers instead of Contractor Written Notice/Code of Prior to allowing them to use firewood for cooking. Conduct construction Type of fuel supplied to Weekly Basis camps during construction Quantity of fuel supplied Weekly Basis to camps during

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Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring construction • Restricting noisy activities to daytime and overtime Contractor Written Notice Prior to work to avoid using noisy equipment; construction

• Prohibit the use of pressure horn by transportation Contractor Written Notice/Code of Daily Basis vehiles Conduct Number of vehicles fitted with pressure horns Maximum Sound Level of Pressure Horn • Regular inspection & maintenance of Contractor Contractor's/Consultant's Daily Basis Acoustic Environment Noise Pollution construction/transportation vehicles to ensure the log book of vehicle use of Vehicles complying with NVMES,2069 B.S. inspection & maintenance • Regular inspection & maintenance to ensure the use Contractor Contractor's/Consultant's Daily Basis of equipments/machinery that comply with log book of applicable emission standards of GoN i.e., National equipment/machinery Noise Standard Guidelines, 2012 inspection & maintenance • Regular inspection & maintenance to ensure the use Contractor Contractor's/Consultant's Daily basis of Diesel Generators complying with National log book of Diesel Generator Emission Standard,2012 equipment/machinery inspection & maintenance a) Construction Wastes • Adopt 3R (Reduce,Reuse & Recycle) concept Contractor Daily/Weekly Daily basis quantity/volume of reusable/recyclable SW Haphazard Disposal of collected Solid Waste Wastes • Ensure storage areas are secure, safe & Contractor Locations of stockpiling Daily basis

weatherproof. sites • Management of reusable wastes Contractor Number of cases of on-site Daily basis reuses • Sale of Recyclable wastes to scrap dealer Contractor • Daily/Weekly Daily basis

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Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring quantity/volume of such wastes sold to or given to scrap vendors • Frequency of sale to scrap vendors • Final Disposal of Bio degradable soild wastes Contractor • Number/size of burial Daily basis pits for final disposal of bio-degradable solid waste • Location of burial sites • Frequency of burials • Avoid over ordering of construction materials to the Contractor • Contractor's log book of Daily basis extent possible. This will be challenging, as it construction materials requires strong coordination with the concerned contractors, as it cannot be made mandatory. However, it is not impossible too to coordinate with the contractors in this regard. • Use standard size & quantity of construction materials. • Construct garland drains to reduce the runoff from Contractor • Location of construction Daily basis the stockpiles. sites • Photographs Solid Waste Haphazard Disposal of b) Solid Wastes, Wastewater and Sewage from Wastes labour camp • Adopt Segregation of Solid Waste (3R Concept) Contractor • Number of Colored Daily basis based on being biodegradable or non- Bins to segregate wastes during biodegradable. It is because decomposers cannot into biodegradable & construction break down non-biodegradable wastes and their non-biodegradable disposal poses a big problem. wastes

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Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring • Manage biodegradable wastes that include food Contractor • Daily/Weekly Daily basis waste, paper waste, biodegradable plastic, etc. by quantity/Volume of during any suitable processes that include Composting & Biodegradable solid construction Incineration. If these two processes are not possible waste collected then, the wastes shall be managed either by handing • Site Photographs over these wastes to the municipality waste • Contractor' Work Log collectors who will finally dispose those wastes to Book the landfill sites of the project town or by disposing those wastes to the burial pits at suitable place. • Non-biodegradable wastes like glass, plastics & Contractor • Daily/Weekly Daily basis metals shall be managed by reusing them for site quantity/volume of such during use or selling them to scrap dealers instead of wastes sold to or given construction disposing them to scrap vendors • Frequency of sale to scrap vendors/dealers • Strict Prohibition on open incineration of solid Contractor • Written Notice Prior to wastes & use of plastic materials to minimize the Construction & quantity of plastic wastes During Construction • Construction of the temporary latrines with Contractor • Field Photographs Daily basis temporary soak pits & septic tanks within the • Contractor's Monthly campsite for proper disposal of sewage Progress Report • Provide temporary but proper drainage system for Contractor • Field Photographs Daily basis proper outlet of waste water generated from • Contractor's Monthly cooking practices adopted by the workers Progress Report • Employ local people from nearby villages to Contractor • Contractor's Workers Prior to the maximum extent possible. It will minimize the Log Book construction number of workers residing at worker’s camp. Lesser the number of people, lesser will be the solid waste & effluent generated. However, it cannot be made mandatory because availability of local

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring people with required skills will not be ensured at the time of construction. Contractor • Location of storage site Weekly Basis • Provision of well managed storage site during construction DSMC & • Records of awareness Priorot the • Organize awareness programs for the workers Contractor programs in the form of construction responsible for handling fuel/chemicals minutes, photographs DSMC & • Records of any Daily Basis • Supervise workers to handle fuel/chemicals Supervisor of accidental During properly Contractor spillage/leakage Construction Accidental Leakage or Contractor • Contractor's log book of Weekly Basis Handling of • Use of spill kit materials to block flow and prevent Spillage of Stored materials procured for During Fuels/Chemicals discharge to nearby water bodies Fuel/Chemicals construction Construction Contractor • Frequency of use of saw Weekly Basis • Scatter the Sawdust, sand or dry soil over the area dust, sand or dry soil During of spill and leave for few minutes to soak up the Construction fuel/chemical. So, availability of saw dust, sand or dry soil should be ensured in the store

DSMC & • Number of Site Visits Weekly Basis • Regular Inspection Visit to the storage site to Contractor • Complaints of Leakage During inspect the leakage of the stored container of Construction fuel/chemical

PMO & DSMC • Details of land During Detailed • Selection of barren and public land only for the ownership Design Phase construction of project components • Monitoring Reports on Change in land use pattern • Avoid the acquisition of private and agricultural Haphazard Land Use Land Use Pattern in haphazard manner land for the construction of project components.

• Monitoring on the haphazard land use & planning by the concerned authority.

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Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring • Avoid the natural drainage pathways for pipe laying DSMC & Pipe Layout plan During works. Contractor Construction • Stockpile the excavated materials at safe but nearby DSMC & Location of Spoil Disposal Daily Basis Disruption to Natural place. Contractor Sites During Drainage Drainage Construction Contractor Photographs of before and Daily Basis • Restore natural drainage system if the drainage after restoration During system during construction is blocked. Construction Contractor Number of complaints Daily Basis • Immediate Response on handling of dismantled from the sensitive After debris receptors Construction and Prior to Operation Contractor • Number of Colored Bins Daily Basis Haphazard Disposal of • Segregation of Dismantled Debris Dismantled Debris • Contractor's Work Log Dismantled Debris • Adopt 3R (Reduce, Reuse& Recycle) concept Book Contractor • Quantity/Volume of such Daily Basis • Sale of Recyclable Wastes to Scrap Vendors/Dealers wastes sold to or given away to scrap vendors • Frequency of sale to scrap vendors c) Operation Phase Land Subsidence Permanent inundation of WUSC • WUSC Monitoring Monthly Basis land, change in topography, • As per final DEDR, there are various Reports rupture of land surface and sources of groundwater recharge as the reduction in the capcity of project area comprises rivers namely aquifers to store water Kheliya river/ khola, small tributaries and large Saptakoshi River nearby. The north to the proposed service area has

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring community forest area and Saptakoshi is at the east of service area, Kheliya khola passing from the middle of the service area, which gives good aquifer to the source. Similarly, surface flooding for irrigation in paddy fields of the project area can provide significant contribution to groundwater recharge in the project area. Hence, there is no possibility of exceeding groundwater abstraction rate in comparison to the recharge rate.

• However, as a precautionary measure source monitoring needs to be carried out by WUSC regularly.

2. Impacts on Biological Environment a) Construction Phase • Replace the excavated top soil to its original Contractor • Photographs of before Daily Basis position after the completion of pipe laying work and after the During replacement of top soil Construction • Contractor's Work Log Loss of vegetation, Loss of Flora & Fauna Book habitat of faunas • Re-vegetating disturbed slopes and grounds, as Contractor • Photographs of Weekly Basis applicable; revegetation of During disturbed slopes and Construction grounds

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring • Contractor's Work Log Book • Awareness programs regarding policy related to the PMO, DSMC & Minutes & Photographs of Prior to conservation of existing flora & fauna, to the Contractor Awareness Programs Construction workers prior to the construction and the community during various meetings and discussion programs Loss of vegetation, Loss of • Adopt the suitable mitigation measures proposed to Contractor • Written Notice As mentioned Flora & Fauna habitat of faunas minimize noise pollution as mentioned earlier • Contractor's Work earlier Schedule • Regular Monitoring DSMC & RPMO • Contractor's Log Book Daily Basis • Number of Monitoring During Visits Construction Aquatic Life Loss of habitat of aquatic • Strict Monitoring on the daily activities of workers Contractor & • Location of Labor Weekly Basis life and Prohibition on disposal of wastes to the water DSMC Camp Site bodies during construction works at source area. • Photographs • Number of Complaints from the sensitive receptors • Number of Monitoring Visits • Monitoring Reports • Written Notice to prohibit disposal of wastes • Provision of temporary toilets Contractor & • Location of these Weekly Basis DSMC temporary facilities • Photographs of toilets constructed • Restriction to workers from fishing Contractor & • Written Notice Daily Basis DSMC • Number of complaints During

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring from the sensitive Construction receptor • Adopt measures mentioned above for the solid waste Contractor & • Number of Colored Daily Basis management DSMC Bins to segregate wastes During Daily/Weekly Construction • Quantity/Volume of Biodegradable solid waste collected Protected Areas • Illegal entry to the reserve • As per Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve & its Buffer Contractor & • Minutes of Awareness Daily Basis area by the workers Zone Management Plan, there are seven security DSMC Programs posts with four entry posts in the reserve & buffer • Photographs of zone to ensure the protection of wild animal & their Awareness Programs habitats. Similarly, these areas are well governed by Held Wildlife Reserve Rules, 2034 B.S. (1978 A.D.). • Number of Complaints Hence, no outsiders can enter these areas without from the reserve area if taking permission of the concerned authority. any However, Strict monitoring on the daily activities of • Contractor's/Consultant's workers during pipe laying woks near the buffer zone log book of area is required to avoid the illegal entry. transportation vehicle • Organizing Awareness programs regarding inspection & legislations related to the Wildlife Reserve & Buffer maintenance Zone Conservation to the workers prior to the construction and the community during various meetings and discussion programs. Acoustic Environment • Noise Pollution affecting • Prohibit the use of pressure horn by transportation Contractor • Written Notice/Code of Daily Basis faunas living within the vehicles Conduct buffer zone • Number of vehicles fitted with pressure horns

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring • Maximum Sound Level of Pressure Horn

• Regular inspection & maintenance of transportation Contractor • Contractor's/Consultant's Daily Basis vehicles to ensure the use of Vehicles complying log book of vehicle with NVMES, 2069 B.S. inspection & maintenance 3. Impacts on Chemical Environment a) Construction Phase Water Quality Pollution on surface water • Provision of Septage Disposal through construction Contractor, • Photographs of Labor Prior to sources by crossing of of toilets with septic tanks DSMC Camps Construction as pipelines over water bodies, • Number of Complaints well as During poorly managed from group of workers, Construction construction sediments and if any other wastes, poor sanitation • Contractors Work Log practices by workers Book • Adopt suitable measures mentioned above for the Contractor • Number of Colored Daily Basis solid waste management Bins to segregate wastes into biodegradable & non- biodegradable wastes • Daily/Weekly quantity/Volume of Biodegradable solid waste collected • Site Photographs • Contractor' Work Log Book • Written Notice to workers to avoid haphazard disposal of

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring wastes

• Strict supervision on the behavior of workers for the Contractor & • Number of supervisions Weekly Basis waste management as well as sanitation behavior DSMC • Reports on Supervision and monitoring the workers to manage the wastes properly.

• Regular & Strict Monitoring during the Contractor & • Number of supervisions Weekly Basis construction of river crossing to minimize the DSMC • Reports on Supervision during pollution on the water bodies construction of the crossing

b) Operation Phase

Water Quality Pollution on surface water • As there is no provision of proper septage WUSC WUSC Monitoring Monthly Basis sources by disposal of management within the project town, the school Reports & School Work sludge from the septic tank itself is ready to manage the septage within the Schedule of the proposed institutional school premises by disposing into the excavated toilet trench to allow it for decomposition so that later it can be used as manure. The school has also ensured the environmental safety during the septage management. However, Strict Supervision by WUSC about the disposal of sludge is necessary.

4.Impact on Socio-economic Environment a) Design Phase Structural Failure Cracking of structure leads • Proper Design of flood resistant structure as per PMO, RPMO & Detailed Design During detailed to facility failure and public standard and code of practice. DSMC Documents design phase discomfort due to construction of water supply components in high earthquake zones

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring Health & Safety of Lack of provision will have • Safe Design of the proposed components considering PMO, RPMO & Photographs & Minutes During detailed Community & impact during construction health & safety aspects of community & workers DSMC design phase and Workers Prior to Construction

Existing facilities Disruption of services & • Coordinate with the concerned agencies to finalize DSMC, RPMO, • List of affected utilities During detailed False Claims by the People the pipe network layout to avoid damage to the PMO, Contractor and operators; design phase existing utilities. • Pipeline Layout Plan • Design & Locate pipelines away from existing • Bid document utilities during design as far as possible. • Photographs before and • Provide budget for restoration/replacement of after the construction damaged utilities. sites • Photographs of construction sites before and after the • Contractor's Work Log construction to avoid the false claims. Book • Provide budget for Reinstatement Works for paved as well as unpaved roads b) Construction Phase Contractor, EMP During • Cross-cutting threats from • Contractor’s implementation of EMP RPMO, DSMC Construction construction’s impacts on Phase, air and water quality, Weekly Basis ambient noise level; Contractor • Photographs depicting During mobility of • Adequate lighting, temporary fence, reflecting lighting, temporary Construction Community Health & people/goods/services; barriers and signage at active work sites; fencing, reflecting Phase, Safety accesses to barriers and signage Monthly Basis properties/economic facilities. activities/social services; service disruptions, etc. • Quantity of lighting, temporary fence, • Communicable and reflecting barriers and transmittable diseases may signage

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring potentially be brought into Contractor Emergency Response Plan During • Contractor’s preparedness in emergency response; the community by Construction, construction workers Weekly Basis Contractor • Monthly Reports of GRC During • Adequate dissemination of GRM and Contractor’s • Number of Grievance Construction, observance/implementation of GRM Redress Form received Monthly Basis

Contractor • Grievance Redress Weekly Basis • The mitigation measures to deal with COVID issues Form during as mentioned above includes: i) Coordination & • Field Monitoring Construction Monitoring; ii) Preventive Measures like Frequent Reports Hand Wash, Use of Sanitizers, Social Distancing, Use of Face Masks (N95 Masks) or Cloth Face • Field Photographs Coverings etc.; iii) Provision of Quarantine for the infected ones; iv) Prohibitory Measures like Prohibition on entry into the construction sites and labor camps for the outsiders or those who are not concerned with the project construction activities, Prohibiting workers to get mingled within the community etc.

Workers Health Risk to worker's health & • Comply Labor Act,2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.) Contractor • Labor Act, 1992 Prior to the start &Safety safety of GoN • Contractor’s Log of the Book construction and Entire Construction Period • Submission of Simple OHS plan for employer’s Contractor • OHS Plan Prior to the start approval that involves appropriate health & safety of the arrangement that includes minimum requirements construction for various activities like Excavation works, Works

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring within the confined spaces, Use of warning signs, boards & signage, Use of PPE, Accident & Emergency Response and Monitoring & Reporting • Preparation of COVID Response Plan and Contractor • COVID response plan Prior to the Immediate Action in its implementation. Here, the prepared by the construction as COVID Response Plan includes i) Coordination & Contractors well as during Monitoring; ii) Information Delivery to workers in • Field Visit by the entire regard to COVID issues prior to the construction; consultant team and its construction iii) Preventive Measures like Frequent Hand Wash, reports period Use of Sanitizers, Social Distancing, Use of Face • Field Photographs Masks (N95 Masks) or Cloth Face Coverings etc.; • Complaints by the iv) Provision of Quarantine for the infected ones; v) workers Prohibitory Measures like Prohibition on entry into • Contractor’s Daily Log the construction sites and labor camps for the Book outsiders or those who are not concerned with the project construction activities, Prohibiting workers to get mingled within the community etc.; vi) Emergency Health Services like Swab Collection Service for COVID test and its Report Collection, Availability of Medicines etc. ; vii) Use of PPE to avoid infection if required; vii) Provision of proper fooding & lodging facilities; viii) Provision of vaccines of COVID 19 to the workers if during the time of construction phase, vaccine distribution is available even for general public (Note: Currently, vaccines have been provided to the health workers, frontline workers and journalists)

• Train all site personnel regarding environmental Contractor • Site –Specific H&S • Visual health and safety as like in design phase by DSMC plan inspection by & Contractors • Record of H&S RPMO

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring • Provide Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs)to orientation training like (monthly) and workersthat includes protective clothing, helmets, Photographs &Minutes DSMC-ESS goggles, boots and other equipments designed to • Availability of personal on a weekly protect the wearer’s body from injury or infection protective equipment at basis. and ensure their effective usage construction site • Frequency • Require workers to wear high visibility clothes • Environmental Site and sampling Inspection Report sites to be finalized during detailed design and final location of project components • Maintain hygiene within the labor camp as well as • Number of Complaints Weekly Basis construction sites. by the workers, if any during • Field Visits construction • Photographs • Ensure no water stagnation either in construction • Field Visits & Weekly Basis site or in labor camp to get rid of the breeding Photographs during grounds for the mosquitoes to prevent dengue construction outbreak. • Provision of mosquito netting to the workers during • Number of Complaints Weekly Basis sleep hours. by the workers during construction • Make the workers to dress with the full • Photographs Weekly Basis body covered clothing. during construction • Prohibit the workers to prepare or eat raw • Number of Complaints Weekly Basis or undercooked poultry products. by the field supervisor during in regard to the construction

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring carelessness of workers on eating habits if any • Recommend workers to avoid contact with • Reports of infection if Weekly Basis the chiggers while working in the grassland areas to any during reduce the risk of getting scrub typhus. • Number of Complaints construction by the field supervisor in regard to the carelessness of workers during construction works within the forest area if any • Ensure availability of health care facilities • Number of Complaints Weekly Basis for diagnosis and testing if any symptoms of by the workers during Dengue/Scrub Typhus or Influenza H5N1 or H1N1 • Photographs construction are seen. • Contractor’s Log Book

• Ensure immediate availability of treatment • Number of Complaints Weekly Basis facilities if those suspected cases of Dengue/Scrub by the workers in regard during Typhus or Influenza H5N1 or H1N1 comes out to to treatment facilities construction be positive. • Photographs • Maintain accident reports and records. Contractor • Number of accidents as Weekly Basis per site records during construction • Make first aid kits readily available Contractor Equipped first-aid stations Weekly Basis during construction • Maintain hygienic accommodation in work camps • Records of occurrence Monthly Basis • Ensure uncontaminated water for drinking, of events of any health Contractor during cooking, and washing, issues construction • Assure clean eating areas • Photographs of Labor

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring • Make sure sanitation facilities are readily available Camps • Provide adequate space and light to the camp site • Number of Complaints by the labor in regard to sanitation facilities, space availability and lighting facilities • Adequate supply of potable water to the camps and Contractor Records of supply of Weekly Basis good sanitation within camps uncontaminated water during construction • Provide medical insurance coverage for workers Contractor Medical Insurance Prior to the Documents construction • Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible Contractor Contractor’s Log Book of Weekly Basis backup alarms; Machinery & Equipment during • Hearing protection equipment enforced in noisy construction environment • Chemical and Material storage areas need to be Contractor Clear Signage Board for Monthly Basis marked clearly Chemical Storage and Material Storage Area • Implementation of Emergency Preparedness Contractor • Investigation Reports Monthly Basis Response Plan to be prepared for the earthquake • Emergency risks that includes i) Reporting of Incidents; ii) Preparedness Response Investigation of incidents and iii) Prepared for Plan availability of Stretchers, Life buoys, first aiders, • Contractor’s Materials first aid kits etc. Log Book

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IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP

Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring Traffic Congestion Interference in the daily • Immediate Backfilling of the pipeline trench Contractor • Field Reports Daily Basis activities of people followed by compaction right after the completion • Field Photographs of pipe laying works • Contractor’s Work Log • Provision of signage at appropriate locations Book indicating available alternate access routes to • Traffic Management minimize traffic disruptions Plan • Provision of access to shops and residences using simple wooden walkways • Provision of alternative way for vehicular movement and pedestrians if possible • Implementation of the Traffic Management Plan by the contractor especially at Bazaar the sample of which has been attached in Annex D Public Protests Interruption in the • Conducting Public Consultation at various stages & Contractor & • Photographs of Prior to the construction activities locations as per requirement DSMC Consultation Programs construction • Implementation of Grievance Redress Mechanism • Minutes of Consultation • Giving Prior Notice to the public regarding the Programs construction works that possibly hinder their daily • Grievance Redress activities and Establishing coordination with them Mechanism Status properly • Written Notice or Miking Local Vendor's Discomfort to the customers • Avoiding delay in construction works and Prompt Contractor • Field Visits Weekly Basis Business to get access to the shops Backfilling rifght after completion of pipe laying • Contractor's Work hampering the daily works. Schedule business activities • Provision of temporary access to the shops through Contractor Photographs Weekly Basis provision of planks

• Giving Prior Notice to the vendors regarding the Contractor Written Notice or Miking Prior to the construction works that may hinder their daily (Verbal Notice) construction activities and Establishing coordination with them properly

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Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring Daily Activities of Create disturbances to the • Establishing coordination with school Contractor • Minutes of Meetings • Prior to the Concerned Institutions students of the concerned administration & health center authority by between the contractor construction schools as well as the staffs construction team prior to the construction. and School of the health centers administration

• Fixing the material transportation as well as Contractor • Contractor’s Work • During pipe laying works schedule in relevance to the Schedule Construction school operation time. Like, Generally, the school –Daily Basis hour is from 10am to 4pm. Hence, the most suitable time for material transportation is before 8am and after 5pm. • Provision of temporary access to these Contractor • Photographs • During institutions through provision of planks • Number of Complaints Construction from the school –Daily Basis administration/ health center, if any • Hard Barricading around the school area as • Field Photographs • During well as primary health center area during pipe • Contractor’s Work Construction laying works. Schedule –Daily Basis • Hard Barricading during the construction of • Contractor’s Material institutional toilet to avoid interference from the Log Book school kids. • Number of Complaints • Fixing the material unloading schedule from the school during public holidays as far as possible to avoid administration, if any disturbance to the school kids for the toilet construction.

Deprivation of Children’s • Provision for the requirement of submission Contractor & Citizenship Certificate of Prior to Deployment of Child right to education, health, of the citizenship certificate of each labor as the PMO the workers Construction Labor safety and moral Child Labor Prohibition Act, 2000 states that “No

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Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring development is deprived Child having not attained the age of 14 years shall be engaged in works as a laborer” during mobilization • Establishing agreement with the contractor by the Contractor & Contract Document During award of Client to follow Child Labor Prohibition Act, 2000 PMO contract and Child Labour Prohibition Rules & Regulations,2006 during contract agreement. Sustainability of Contractor • Monthly Progress Construction Damage to • Conducting engineering investigation of built Works Report Phase unsettled/unfinished/uncured structures and Implementation of the necessary • Contractor's Log Book and/or completed structures corrective actions immediately by the contractor and affecting their structural after every flooding event. integrity by flooding event if • Preparation and Implementation of Emergency any Preparedness and Response Plan

Existing Utilities & Discomfort to the people Contractor, • Number of Complaints During • Monitoring construction workers to adopt Facilities RPMO, DSMC Construction carefulness during pipeline excavation works and received at GRC Strictly following of the layout drawings. • Pipeline Layout Plan Phase on Daily • Contractor's Bill of Basis • Prompt Reinstatement Works Quantities • Photographs

Contractor & • Field Photographs During Pipe • As per minutes of meeting held on December 28, 2020, about the discussion on the proposed pipeline Municipality • Recommendation Letter Laying Works that needs to be laid across the highway, it is from the along the decided either to use the existing culvert or to municipality(local highway precede the pipeline alignment under the existing authority) for approval bridge if any, as far as possible. If there is no from Road Division possibility to use the existing bridge and if there Office if required seems requirement of dismantling of section of highway to run the proposed alignment, approval from Road Division Office through the

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Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring recommendation of the local authority is necessary. c) Operation Phase WUSC • Number of Site Visits Weekly Basis • Installation of clear, visible signage in premises on • Site Visit Reports safety measures • Photographs of location Worker’s exposure to, where signage are and/or mishandling of installed Occupational Health & chemicals and other WUSC • Frequency of use of Monthly Basis • Setting up a mechanism for the quick response to Safety hazardous substances pose chemical & hazardous spills of chemical and hazardous substances. health and safety hazards. substances • Quantity of chemical/hazardous substances used for the proposed project Complication in Water • Ensuring the correct operation of pressure filter to PMO & RPMO WUSC Monitoring Monthly Basis Distribution System due to meet satisfactory water quality Reports during operation ;(i) accidental human error in chlorine dosing; (ii) • Provision of Safe Storage for chemicals Contractor Location of Chemical Monthly Basis accidental spill of hazardous Storage during operation substances; (iii) leaks in the system; (iv) lack of • Ventilation of "Housed" dosing unit for chlorine Contractor, PMO • Detailed Design During Water Distribution environmental quality & DSMC Drawings Construction System monitoring; (v) inadequate • Contractor' Working maintenance and drawings & Photographs housekeeping; and (vi) of Dosing Unit deteriorating quality of Constructed water resource without • Provision of training facilities to the operators for RPMO, PMO & Minutes & Photographs of Prior to parallel upgrading the water handling chlorine for which Chlorine Use WUSC Training operation right treatment process. Guidelines as included in Annex K after completion of construction

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Responsible for Frequency of Field Impacts Mitigations /Enhancement Measures Monitoring Indicator Implementation Monitoring WUSC & the • Number of Human During Dry • Monitoring of groundwater source in regard to its local body Resources Mobilized for Season and recharge capacity closely by WUSC, especially in monitoring Immediate the dry season and during a climate-change-induced • Yield Monitoring action during Disruption in water supply drought Non-Sustainability of Reports climate-change- service by sudden flooding Services or Completed induced drought events or climate change Works • WUSC WUSC Monitoring • Immediate droughts • Conducting engineering investigations of completed Reports after any works and Implementation of the necessary flooding event corrective actions without delay after every flooding event

• WUSC • Emergency Response • Immediate • Preparation of Emergency Response Plan and Plan after any Immediate implementation of this plan after flooding • Records of flooding event event Implementation of this plan

• Strengthening Institutional Capacity and Policy • Photographs of capacity Disruption in water supply During project Non-Sustainability of Compliance through various project related capacity building programs service by sudden flooding cosntruction and Services or Completed building programs • Minutes of such events or climate change WUSC During initial Works programs droughts stage of • WUSC Monitoring operation phase Report • Carrying out regular O & M with effectiveness Right after the through proper management of WUSC. completion of WUSC WUSC Monitoring Report project construction period Source: IEE Field Study, 2018/019

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D. Environmental Monitoring Program

Environmental monitoring will be done during construction on three levels: (i) Monitoring the development of project performance indicators by the PMO- ESS; (ii) Monitoring implementation of mitigation measures by the Contractor; and (iii) Overall regulatory monitoring of environmental issues by the PMO.

In addition to regular monitoring on-site (at the subproject level) by the ICG and DSMC-ESS on the EMP implementation of the mitigation measures, monitoring of key environmental parameters is proposed. Table X-II presents the indicative environmental monitoring program for the subproject, which includes environmental parameters, with a description of the sampling stations, the frequency of monitoring, applicable standards, and responsible agencies. This will be updated during detailed design to ensure EMP and monitoring program is commensurate to the impacts of the subproject. Table X-II: Environmental Monitoring Program Field Stage Parameters • Location Frequenc Standard Responsibility y s 1. Air • Before PM10 • Worksite • 24-hour • National Contractor quality constructio SO2 locations monitoring Ambient n to NOx • Along water once in a Air establish transmission season Quality baseline main 1-km (except Standards • Constructio interval from monsoons) , 2003 n phase PTWs for the • Construction constructio campsite n period locations 2. Noise • Prior to Equivalent day • PTWs • Once in a • National Contractor and constructio and night time location season Noise vibratio n to noise levels • Along water (except Standard n levels establish transmission monsoons) Guideline baseline main 1-km for the s, 2012 • Constructio interval from constructio n phase PTWs n period • Construction campsite locations 3. Water • Prior to TDS, TSS, pH, • Adjacent to • Twice a • National Contractor quality constructio hardness, BOD, construction year (pre- Drinking n to fecal coliform, sites (to be monsoon Water establish total nitrogen, identified by and post- Quality baseline total the (DRTAC monsoon) Standards • Constructio phosphorus, or DSMC)) for the , 2006 n phase heavy metals, entire temperature, period of DO, constructio hydrocarbons, n mineral oils, phenols,

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Field Stage Parameters • Location Frequenc Standard Responsibility y s cyanide, temperature

4. Survival • O&M phase Survival rate • In the areas • Twice a • None WUSC rate of where re- year for 2 landsca plantation/ years ping, landscaping tree proposed plantati on Source: IEE Study 2018/019

E. Institutional Capacity Development Program

398. Considering the limited capability of the Project’s key players in environmental management, technical assistance from environmental specialists and capacity development during loan implementation will be needed. Capacity development will consist of hands-on training in implementing the responsibilities in EMP (as well as in EARF) implementation, complemented with a short-term series of lectures/seminars on relevant topics.

399. WUSC cannot monitor the quality of supplied water as prescribed in NDWQS and its Directives. Although monitoring kits and laboratory rooms will be provided, this would not guarantee WUSC can handle monitoring appropriately. DWSSM has five regional laboratories; however, some are not functioning fully due to lack of human resources. Considering that public health is a critical concern associated with water supply, it is recommended that a licensed and accredited laboratory be engaged to conduct water quality monitoring for at least the first 2-3 years of operation with WUSC actively participating in developing its capacity. Water quality monitoring should be carried out in such a way that WUSC will be “learning by doing.” After the engagement period, there should be continuing periodic training of new persons to ensure that the capacity of WUSC is sustained. The cost for monitoring during operation is based on the assumption that a licensed laboratory will be engagedin both the monitoring requirements and to train WUSCs. A Water Safety Plan is included in the project design and will oblige the operator to carry out water quality monitoring accordingly. The amount of NPR 500,000 will be provided annually to implement the Plan. There will be sufficient fund to include training by the licensed and accredited laboratory while monitoring water quality.

400. The contractors will be required to conduct environmental awareness programs and orientation to the workers before deployment to the work site. The proposed training project along with the frequency of sessions is presented in Table X-III. The

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Environmental Safeguard specialist & EMP Field Monitoring Staff are responsible for organizing different training programs for Environmental Management.

Table X-III: Training Program for Environmental Management Items Pre-construction Construction Training Orientation workshop Orientation program/ workshop Experiences Title for contractors and supervisory and best staff practices sharing Purpose To make the To build the capacity of the To share the participants aware of staff for effective experiences the environmental implementation of the designed and best safeguard requirements EMPs aimed at meeting the practices aimed of ADB and GON and environmental safeguard at learning how the project will compliance of ADB and GON lessons and meet these improving requirements implementation of EMP Contents Module 1: Orientation Roles and responsibilities of Experiences on ADB Safeguards officials/contractors/consultants EMP Policy Statement towards protection of the implementation Government of Nepal environment – issues and Environmental Laws Environmental issues during challenges and Regulations construction Best practices Implementation of EMP followed Module 2: Monitoring of EMP Environmental implementation Assessment Process Reporting requirements ADB environmental process, identification of impacts and mitigation measures, formulation of an environmental management plan (EMP), implementation, and monitoring requirements Review of environmental assessment report to comply with ADB requirements Incorporation of EMP into the project design and contracts Duration 1 day 1 day 1 day on a regular period to be determined by PMO, ICGs, and (provide if

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Items Pre-construction Construction PMC/DRTAC or DSMC)

Participants Executing and PMO PMO implementing ICGs ICGs agencies, PMO, and Contractors Contractors PMO staff (technical and environmental) involved in the project implementation Source: IEE Study 2018/019

F. Staffing Requirement and Budget

Staffing requirement will include the: (i) deputizing a DWSSM or PMO staff as the PMO environmental safeguards officer; (ii) deputizing WSSDO staff as RPMOS environmental engineers in each subproject town; (iii) engagement of a PMO- environmental safeguards specialist to provide technical assistance and guidance to the PMO and partly to the RPMOS and capacity development/training; and (iv) a DSC environmental safeguards specialist to conduct the IEEs and prepare the IEE reports according to the provisions of this EARF. The costs required for implementing the EMP will cover the following activities: (i) Updating IEE, preparing and submitting reports and public consultation and disclosure; (ii) Application for environmental clearances; and (iii) Implementation of EMP, environmental monitoring program, and long-term surveys.

Environmental monitoring during construction will also be straightforward and will involve periodic site observations and interviews with workers and others, plus checks of reports and other documents. This will be conducted by PMO-ESS assisted by the PMO environmental safeguard officer. Therefore, no separate budget is required for the PMO-ESS.

The cost of mitigation measures and surveys during construction will be incorporated into the contractor’s costs, which will be binding on him for implementation. The contractors will conduct the surveys.

The operation phase for mitigation measures are good operating practices to mitigate the environmental impacts of this phase &the responsibility remains to WUSC. WUSC will conduct all monitoring during the operation and maintenance phase. To ensure the delivery of safe drinking water from its catchment to the consumers, there is provision of Water Safety Plan (WSP)for the proposed project. If a licensed

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laboratory is engaged for the first 2-3 years of operation for training purposes, the cost can be accommodated under the Water Safety Plan. The cost of awareness program & WSP during the contract period is NPR 500,000.00 under provisional sum.

401. The indicative costs of EMP implementation is shown in Table X-IV given below:

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Table X-IV: Indicative Cost of EMP Implementation Rate Cost S. No. Particulars Stages Unit Total Number (NRs.) (NRs.) Cost Covered by A. Consultants Costs 1. Environmental safeguard Project Implementation person months 3 100,000 300,000.00 Cost covers specialist Period only remuneration, (1 person) which together with budget for travel covered in the PMQAC contract

2. Social Safeguard Specialist Entire Project person months 3 100,000 300,000.00 Cost covers Implementation Period only remuneration, which together with budget for travel covered in the DSMC contract 3. Support Staffs Entire Project person months 24 35,000 840,000.00 Cost covers Implementation Period only remuneration, which together with budget for travel covered in the DSMC contract Total Consultant Cost 1,440,000.00 B. Local Level Monitoring & Mitigation Measures a) Local Level Monitoring Measures

1. Air quality monitoring Pre-construction No. of sampling 2 35,000 75,000.00 Civil works contract (baseline) Construction activities

2. Noise levels monitoring Pre-construction No. of sampling 2 25,000 50,000.00 Civil works contract (baseline) Construction activities

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Rate Cost S. No. Particulars Stages Unit Total Number (NRs.) (NRs.) Cost Covered by 3. Water Quality Pre-construction No. of sampling 2 25,000 50,000.00 Civil works contract (baseline) Construction activities Operation and Maintenance (for water supply and wastewater treatment subprojects)

b) Mitigation Measures 1. Protection Works for Soil Construction Civil works contract Erosion & Land surface Disturbances that includes Prompt Backfilling, Construction of Gabion Wall, RRM, Drainage Structures 3. Watering of dry exposed 25,000.00 25,000.00 surfaces and stockpiles of aggregates at least twice daily 5. Solid Waste Management Construction 50,000.00 50,000.00 Accidental Leakage or Spillage of Stored Construction 25,000.00 25,000.00 Fuel/Chemicals 6. Construction Re-vegetating disturbed 50,000.00 50,000.00 slopes & grounds 7. Construction Provision of temporary 75,000.00 75,000.00 toilets 8. Construction Provision of Spoil Disposal 20,000.00 20,000.00 Site 9. Provision of Camp Site Construction 75,000.00 75,000.00

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Rate Cost S. No. Particulars Stages Unit Total Number (NRs.) (NRs.) Cost Covered by 10. Provision of Stockpiling Site Construction 25,000.00 25000.00

12. Temporary Fencing, Use of Construction Reflecting Barrier, Signage, 50,000.00 50,000.00 Adequate Lighting

Hard Barricading around the Construction school 50,000.00 50,000.00

13. COVID Response Plan Construction 75,000.00 75,000.00

14. Measures to avoid other Construction infectious diseases like Dengue 50,000.00 50,000.00

15. Provision of Planks to Construction provide access to shops, homes, schools & health 30,000 30,000 center 16. Emergency Response Construction 75,000 75,000 Preparedness

17. Preparation of Emergency Operation 75,000.00 75,000.00 Response Plan and Immediate implementation of this plan

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Rate Cost S. No. Particulars Stages Unit Total Number (NRs.) (NRs.) Cost Covered by 18.. Engineering Investigations Operation 75,000.00 75,000.00 after any flooding event, if any

Total Cost of Local Level Monitoring & Mitigation Measures 1,000,000.00

C. Capacity Building 1. (i) Orientation workshop for Module 1- on Lump sum 400,000 Covered under Output officials involved in the environmental 2 - Improved project implementation on assessment and review Institutional Capacity ADB Safeguard Policy framework (EARF) and and Project Statement, Government of EMP implementation to Implementation Nepal environmental laws be conducted by PMO- Platform and regulations, and ESS (prior to contract of environmental assessment award for process; civil works)

Module 2 – Any time after Module 1

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Rate Cost S. No. Particulars Stages Unit Total Number (NRs.) (NRs.) Cost Covered by (ii)induction course contractors, preparing them on environmental management plan (EMP) implementation and environmental monitoring requirements related to mitigation measures; and taking immediate action to remedy unexpected adverse impacts or ineffective mitigation measures found during the course of implementation; and

(iii)lessons learned information sharing Total Capacity Building Costs 400,000.00 D. Administrative Costs 1. Legislation, permits, and Permit for excavation, Lump sum These consents are to agreements tree-cutting permits etc. be obtained by contractor at his own expense.

Environmental Lump sum 1 500,000.00 500,000.00 Covered under the assessment and DSMC contract environmental clearances as per ECA and ECR requirements

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Rate Cost S. No. Particulars Stages Unit Total Number (NRs.) (NRs.) Cost Covered by Total Administrative Costs 500,000.00 E. Other Costs 1. Public consultations and Information disclosure As per requirement Lump sum 350,000 350,000 Covered under information disclosure and consultations during PMO budget preconstruction and construction phase, including public awareness campaign through media 2. Grievance redress Costs involved in As per requirement Lump sum 200,000 200,000 Covered under mechanism (GRM) resolving complaints PMO budget implementation (meetings, consultations, communication, and reporting/ information dissemination) 3. Any unanticipated impact Mitigation of any Lump sum Contractor’s As per insurance Civil works contract – due to project unanticipated impact liability requirement contractor’s insurance implementation arising during construction phase and defect liability period

Other Costs 550,000.00 Total Indicative Cost of EMP Implementation 3,890,000.00 Source: IEE Study 2018/019

402. The amount of NRs. 1,000,000.00 has been estimated to execute all the necessary environmental mitigation measures. Including this amount, the total indicative cost of EMP implementation is NRs. 3,890,000.00 that includes the cost of Consultant, Capacity Building, Administrative and Other Costs.

Note: The breakdown cost of Local Level Monitoring & Mitigation Measures is based on past similar project experience however, independent cost may alter without altering the total cost. This cost has been included in General Items of BoQ under provisional sum.

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The above given table shows that the total indicative cost of Local Level Monitoring & Mitigation Measures for EMP implementation is NRs. 1,000,000.00. This has been included under provisional sum in General Items of BoQ and this total cost includes local level monitoring cost and mitigation costs that also includes necessary environmental mitigation measures for the anticipated impacts during the entire construction period.

G. Implementation Schedule

Environmental management is implemented from the detailed design phase through to procurement that will continue to construction, and operation phases. Table X-V presents the tentative timeframe of key EMP activities about the subproject implementation schedule. Similarly, Table X-VI presents training for capacity building programs for the project.

Table X-V: Environmental Management Implementation Schedule Activity Indicative Time Frame PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION Detailed Design & Bidding Documents Q2 Y0 Procurement Q3 Y0 Construction Q4 Y0 – Q4 Y2 Contractor Operating Period Q3 Y2 – Q4 Y3 Handover to WUSC for Operation Q3 Y3 – Q1 Y4 Defects Liability Period Q3 Y2 – Q4 Y4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Overall 1. Design Review and Technical Audit Consultant (DRTAC )- Starting Q4 Y0 (5 yrs of Engagement of Environmental Specialist intermittent inputs) 2. PMO's submission of Environmental Monitoring Report (EMR) - Monthly EMR for project's Monthly Progress Report - 8th day after effective month - Semi-Annual EMR during construction for submission to - 8th day after effective 6-mo. ADB period - Annual EMR for submission to ADB - 8th day after aneffective year Before Construction Mobilization 1. Finalization of EMP, (if applicable) revision of IEE Q2 Y0 2. ADB review & approval of revised IEE & EMP. Q 2 Y0 3. Obtaining Government’s approval of IEE Report Q2 Y0 – Q3 Y0 4. Community preparation (including disclosure of Final IEE Q4 Y0 & its EMP) 5. Establishment of baseline data (as set out in the EMP) Q4 Y0 (shall have been done before award of contract) 6. Preparation of C-EMP by selected Contractor, review of C- Q4 Y0, before Notice to Proceed is EMP Against SPS-compliant EMP. given Construction Period Mobilization to Demobilization 1. Implementation of mitigation measures and conduct of Q4 Y0 – Q4 Y2 environmental effects monitoring following the C-EMP. 2. Submission of Environmental Monitoring Report (EMR) Q4 Y0 – Q4 Y2 - Monthly, by Contractor 5th day of the month following the effective month - Quarterly, by Contractor or by Licensed Laboratory 3rd day of the month following the

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Activity Indicative Time Frame effective quarter Operation Period (potentially could start even before DLP is over) 1. Implementation of mitigation measures & monitoring Starting anytime between Q3 Y3 & activities as specified in the EMP Q1 Y4 2. Submission of EMR anytime between Q3 Y3 & Q1 Y4 - Monthly, by Operator 5thday of the month following the effective month - Quarterly, by Operator or (if applicable) by Licensed 3rd day of the month following the Laboratory effective quarter Source: IEE Study 2018/019

Table X-VI: Proposed Topics for Capacity Building/Training Topic Target Timing Participants

1. By Environmental Specialists 1.1 Legal Framework DWSSM, PMO, Early stage ▪ Relevant national laws, regulations & standards on WSSDO, ICG, of Output 2 EA& management ▪ ADB SPS 2009 RMSO, WUSC (15-18) ▪ EA& review procedure under the Project 1.2 Environmental Assessment ▪ Rapid environmental assessment ▪ Initial environmental examination 1.3 Some Aspects of EA Process & Environmental Management ▪ Meaningful consultation & info disclosure ▪ Grievance redress mechanism ▪ Environmentally responsible procurement ▪ Occupational & community health and safety 1.4 EMP Implementation, part 1 DWSSM, PMO, Early stage ▪ Institution arrangements & responsibilities WSSDO, ICG, of Output 2 ▪ Environmental quality monitoring RMSO, WUSC, ▪ Emergency response (15-18) 1.5 EMP Implementation, part 2 ▪ Performance monitoring & indicators ▪ Environmental monitoring report 2. By External Experts 2.1 Other relevant topics, such as: M0WS, DWSSM, During A Good engineering and construction practices as PMO, ICG, Project’s mitigation measures B Climate change adaptation (applicable to eligible WSSDO, RMSO, Capacity

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Topic Target Timing Participants

activities/works under the Project) DSMC (30) Development Program B.1 Climate change impacts on infrastructure B.2 Climate-proofing of infrastructure C Strategic environmental assessment of WSS sector policy, development plans, and programs D Other relevant topics that may be suggested by MoWS, DWSSM, PMO, ICG& WSSDO Source: IEE Study 2018/019

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XI. MONITORING & REPORTING

403. RPMO is the main monitoring agency of the proposed project that will monitor and measure the progress of EMP implementation with assistance from DMSC. The monitoring activities will correspond with the project’s risks and impacts, and will be identified in the IEEs for the subprojects. In addition to recording information on the work and deviation of work components from original scope, PMO, RPMOs & DSMC will undertake site inspections and document review to verify compliance with the EMP and progress toward the final outcome. Along with this, Ministry of Water Supply (MoWS) as well as Ministry of Forests & Environment (MoFS) under Government of Nepal will also undertake monitoring process through random field visits to review the project performance.

404. RPMOs will submit monthly monitoring and implementation reports to PMO, who will take follow-up actions, if necessary. PMO will submit semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB. This report will be based on the Sample Semi-Annual Monitoring Report Template given in Annex F and Sample Environmental Site Inspection Report given in Annex G. The budget will reflect the costs of monitoring and reporting requirements.

405. For projects likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts, PMO will retain qualified and experienced external experts to verify its monitoring information. PMO environmental safeguard specialist will document monitoring results, identify the necessary corrective actions, reflect them in a corrective action plan, and for each quarter, will study the compliance with the action plan developed in the previous quarter. Compliance with loan covenants will be screened by the PMO.

406. ADB will review project performance against the MoWS commitments as agreed in the legal documents. The extent of ADB's monitoring and supervision activities will be commensurate with the project’s risks and impacts. Monitoring and supervising of social and environmental safeguards will be integrated into the project performance management system. ADB will monitor projects on an ongoing basis until a project completion report is issued. ADB will carry out the following monitoring actions to supervise project implementation:

(i) conduct periodic site visits for projects with adverse environmental or social impacts; (ii) conduct supervision missions with detailed review by ADB’s safeguard specialists/officers or consultants for projects with significant adverse social or environmental impacts; (iii) review the periodic monitoring reports submitted by PMO to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are mitigated, as planned and as agreed with ADB; (iv) work with PMO to rectify to the extent possible any failures to comply with their safeguard commitments, as covenanted in the legal agreements, and exercise remedies to re-establish compliance as appropriate; and

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(v) prepare a project completion report that assesses whether the objective and desired outcomes of the safeguard plans have been achieved, taking into account the baseline conditions and the results of monitoring.

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XII. CONCLUSION

407. The IEE study indicates that:

• The proposed project, its components, are not within or adjacent to environmentally sensitive areas. • The proposed project will fulfill the increasing water demand of the project town. It will definitely address the issues raised by the hardship that people of the project town are facing for safe, reliable & potable water for years. • The proposed project will bring about: (i) the benefits of easy access to reliable supply of safe and potable drinking water water; (ii) promotion of good hygiene and sanitation practices and reduced health and safety risks as positive impacts; and (iii) enhanced community health, improved quality of life and safe communities as outcomes. • Along with positive outcomes, the proposed project will also have negative impacts as discussed above in Chapter VI. As per our IEE study, some of the adverse impacts that include Air Pollution, Noise Pollution, Impacts on Water Quality of nearby rivers & Impact on Sustainability of works during Construction Phase and Impacts on Water Quality of nearby rivers & Non-Sustainability of Services or Completed Work during Operation Phase are evaluated as “Very Significant”. However, these impacts would not be problematic for the project implementation if the activities that stimulate this impact to occur are properly controlled through the proposed mitigation measures. • Some of the adverse impacts are also evaluated as Significant. However, these will not be sufficient to threaten or weaken the surrounding resources. Mitigation measures, integral to socially and environmentally responsible construction practices, will be commonly used at construction sites and the contractors will be aware about it. Hence, mitigation measures would not be difficult to implement. • Similarly, Insignificant impacts can either be avoided or simply mitigated through the proposed mitigation measures. • The environmental management plan (EMP) as described above in Chapter X, if duly considered, followed and implemented during project construction activities, then the environmental issues will not be issues to be worried about. • If the responsible body mentioned in the EMP matrix shown in the Table X-I properly takes up the responsibility for the implementation of mitigation measures for the likely impacts resulting from the various activities of the project, then, the environment of the project area will be safe and less affected from the project activities. • Regular monitoring with good operation & maintenance service including prompt action on damage of the constrcuted drains if any; will lessen the risks of the ineffective implementation of the proposed project and will sustain the system.

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• Construction of institutional toilet within the project town will make people aware about safe & civilized sanitation practices and improve the sanitation behaviour. • None of the anticipated environmental impacts of the proposed project is significant enough to go for either detailed EIA study or further especial study. • As per ADB Categorization, the proposed project falls under “Category B”. • As per EPR 2077 B.S. (2020 A.D.), ther is no requirement of IEE as the schedule 2 (Pertaining to Rule 3) - (Clause H-8) of EPR 2077 B.S. states that IEE is required for the projects that supplies water to the population ranging from 50,0000 to 200,000. Here, the proposed project supplies water to 37,822 populations only. Hence, this project does not fall under the criteria of GoN set for the IEE requirement. • The IEE study shows that project benefits outweigh the risks and these potential risks can be overcome through proper planning and management.

408. Based on the above findings, the classification of the Kanchanrup Water Supply & Sanitation Project as "Category B" is confirmed, no further special study or detailed EIA needs to be undertaken and people of Kanchanrup Municipality will get rid of the hardship of safe, reliable & potable water they have been experiencing for decades.

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XIII. LITERATURE REVIEWED

ADB, 2003.Environmental Assessment Guidelines.

ADB, 2009.Safeguard Policy Statement

Aquatic Animal Protection Act,1961 with amendments. www.lawcommission.gov.np

ADB, 2010. Handbook of Style and Usage.

Constitution of Nepal (2015). Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu District Development profile of Nepal 2010/11 with VDC Profile. A Socio-Economic Development District Health Profile, Kavre 2075/76

Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines (2007). International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group Environment Protection Act, (1997). Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment Kathmandu Environment Protection Rules, (1997), Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment, Kathmandu Environmental Standards and Collection of Concerned Informations, (2018). Ministry of Forests & Environment, Governement of Nepal,Singhadurbar, Kathmandu Environment Statistics of Nepal, CBS, 2011

Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, (1993). National Conservation Strategy Implementation Project, National Planning Commission, His Majesty's Government, Nepal Final Feasibility Study of Kanchanrup Water Supply and Sanitation Project, 2018 Final Detailed Engineering Design Report of Kanchanrup Water Supply & Sanitation Project, 2021 Due Diligence Report of Kanchanrup Water Supply & Sanitation Project, 2019 Environmental Assessment and Review Framework, (2017). Regional Urban Development Project (RUDP), Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), Government of Nepal for ADB Environmental Assessment and Review Framework, (2018). Urban Water Supply & Sanitation (Sector) Project, Ministry of Water Supply, Government of Nepal for ADB Final Socio-Economic Profile of Kanchanrup Water Supply & Sanitation Project, 2018 Forest Act, (1993). www.lawcommission.gov.np International Trade in Endngered Wildlife and Plant Control Act, 2073 B.S. (2017 A.D.) www.lawcommission.gov.np Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve and Its Buffer Zone Management Plan (First Revision), 2074/75- 2078/79, GoN, MoFE, Department of National Parks & Wildlife Conservation, Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve Office 184

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Labor Act (1991), Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Land Acquisition Act, 1977 and latest amendments. www.lawcommission.gov.np Local Government Operation Act, (2017). www.lawcommission.gov.np National Drinking Water Quality Standards and Implementation Directives for National Drinking Water Quality Standards (2005), Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Government of Nepal National Forest Policy, (2015). dof.gov.np National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 B.S. (1973 A.D.), www.lawcommission.gov.np National Urban Policy (2007). Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu National Urban Water Supply & Sanitation Sector Policy, Final Draft (2009). Ministry of Physical Planning & Works, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu National Water Supply & Sanitation Policy (Draft) (2014). Ministry of Urban Development, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu Nepal Disaster Management Reference Handbook (2017). Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance, http://www.cfe-dmha.org Proximity Report NEP-UWSSP: Kanchanrup Sub Project, Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (2021), ADB Rural Water Supply and Sanitation National Policy, (2005) and Rural Water Supply and Sanitation National Strategy, (2005.Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, His Majesty's Government, Singhadurbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Shrestha K 1998. Dictionary of Nepalese Plant names. Mandala Book Point, Kathmandu, Nepal. Solid Waste Management Act (2011). Ministry of Science and Technology and Environment, Kathmandu STATE of Nepal's FORESTS (2015). Ministry of Forests & Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal The Updated Fifteen-Year Development Plan for Small Towns’ Water Supply and Sanitation Sector,2009 Town Development Act (1998), www.lawcommission.gov.np Uprety, B.K (2003). Safeguard the Resources, Environmental Impact Assessment Process and Practice, Kathmandu Urban Water Supply & Sanitation Policy (2009) Water Resource Act (1992). Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Wildlife Reserve Rules, 2034 B.S. (1978 A.D.) World Bank Group Biodiversity Risk Screen NEP-UWSSP: Kanchanrup Sub Project, 2021 A.D. (ADB) https://cites.org/eng/disc/what.php 185

IEE Report of Kanchanrup WSSP https://www.cbd.int/ www.mofald.gov.np

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ANNEXES

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Annex A Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist for Kanchanrup Water Supply & Sanitation Project, Preliminary Climate Risk Screening Checklist and No Mitigation Scenario (Scoping Checklist) of Kanchanrup WSSP

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RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECKLIST FOR KANCHANRUP WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION PROJECT

Instructions:

(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

NEP: Urban Water Supply and Sanitation (Sector) Project Country/Project Title:

Kanchanrup Water Supply & Sanitation Project Subproject:

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

A.Project Siting : Is the project area

Densely populated? √ Kanchanrup Municipality has moderate population density.

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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

Heavy with development activities? √ .

Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas?

Cultural heritage site √ Protected Area √ This area is well protected and the project activities will not intervene this area Wetland √ Mangrove √ Estuarine √ Buffer zone of protected area √ Special area for protecting biodiversity √ Bay √ B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…

Pollution of raw water supply from upstream wastewater √ discharge from communities, industries, agriculture, and Soil erosion runoff?

Impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and √ loss/damage to these sites? Hazard of land subsidence caused by excessive ground √ water pumping? Social conflicts arising from displacement of communities √ ? Conflicts in abstraction of raw water for water supply with √ other beneficial water uses for surface and ground waters? Unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. excessive √ Basic water treatment is proposed pathogens or mineral constituents)? under the proposed project. EMP recommends water quality monitoring as prescribed in the NDWQS & its Directives.

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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

Delivery of unsafe water to distribution system? √ Design proposes office building that also comprises water quality laboratory to deliver safe water. EMP recommends continuing training of WUSC in water quality monitoring, as prescribed in the NDWQS Directives.

Inadequate protection of intake works or wells, leading to NA pollution of water supply?

Over pumping of ground water, leading to salinization and ground subsidence? √ Excessive algal growth in storage reservoir? √

Increase in production of sewage beyond the capabilities EMP provides mitigation measures. of community facilities? √ Inadequate disposal of sludge from water treatment plants? Minimal sludge expected. EMP √ provides mitigation measures. Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances and √ protect facilities. Impairments associated with transmission lines and access √ EMP provides mitigation measures. roads.

Health hazards arising from inadequate design of facilities √ EMP provides mitigation measures. for receiving, storing, and handling of chlorine and other hazardous chemicals.

Health and safety hazards to workers from handling and √ EMP provides mitigation measures management of chlorine used for disinfection, other contaminants, and biological and physical hazards during project construction and operation?

Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people? √

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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and √ children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

Noise and dust from construction activities? √ EMP provides mitigation measures.

Increased road traffic due to interference of construction √ EMP provides mitigation activities? measures.

Continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from construction √ EMP provides mitigation measures. operations?

Delivery of unsafe water due to poor O&M treatment √ EMP incorporates monitoring of processes (especially mud accumulations in filters) and distributed water according to the inadequate chlorination due to lack of adequate Directives for the NDWQS. monitoring of chlorine residuals in distribution systems?

Accidental leakage of chlorine gas? √ EMP provides mitigation measures.

Excessive abstraction of water affecting downstream water √ EMP provides mitigation users? measures

Competing uses of water? √

Increased sewage flow due to increased water supply √

Increased volume of sullage (wastewater from cooking √ This is not under the scope of the and washing) and sludge from wastewater treatment plant project.

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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

Large population influx during project construction and √ operation that causes an increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?

Social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries √ Expected as low concern. Priority are hired? will be given to local workers.

Risks to community health and safety due to the √ EMP provides mitigation transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials measures. such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during operation and construction?

Community safety risks due to both accidental and √ EMP provides mitigation natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or measures. components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project

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Preliminary Climate Risk Screening Checklist Country/Project Title: Kanchanrup Water Supply & Sanitation Project Sector: Subsector: Division/Department:

Screening Questions Score Remarks

Is siting and/or routing of the project (or its components) likely to be EMP provides affected by climate conditions including extreme weather-related 2 mitigation Location and events such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides? measures Design of project

Would the project design (e.g. the clearance for bridges) need to consider any hydro-meteorological parameters? 0 (e.g., sea-level, peak river flow, reliable water level, peak wind speed etc)? Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions (e.g. prevailing humidity level, temperature contrast between hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure to wind and humidity, and hydro- 0 Materials and meteorological parameters) affect the selection of project inputs over Maintenance the life of project outputs (e.g. construction material)? Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions, and EMP provides related extreme events likely affect the maintenance (scheduling and 1 mitigation cost) of project output(s)? measures Regular Would weather/climate conditions, and related extreme events likely Performance operation and affect the performance (e.g. annual power production) of project of project 0 maintenance will output(s) (e.g. hydro-power generation facilities) throughout their outputs not allow this design life time? effect to occur Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below: Response Score Not Likely 0 Likely 1 Very Likely 2 Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response will be categorized as high-risk project. Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): ______Other Comments:______Prepared by: ______

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NO MITIGATION SCENARIO (SCOPING CHECKLIST) OF KANCHANRUP WSSP No. Questions to be considered in Yes/No/? Which Characteristics of the Is the effect likely to Scoping Project Environment could be significant? be affected and how? Why? 1. Will construction, operation or decommissioning of the Project involve actions which will cause physical changes in the locality (topography, land use, changes in waterbodies, etc)? 1.1 Permanent or temporary change Yes Temporary change in land use No, it is short term in land use, land cover or at the designated stockyards and is limited to topography including increases by disposing excess of construction period in intensity of land use? excavated materials only. 1.2 Clearance of existing land, Yes The proposed project Not Significant vegetation and buildings? components area will be covered by the proposed structures. 1.3 Creation of new land uses? No 1.4 Pre-construction investigations No e.g. boreholes, soil testing? 1.5 Construction works? No There is chance of occupying Not Significant. of land during construction of the proposed structures. 1.6 Demolition works? Yes Will require demolition of Not Significant. It road section for excavation will be readily works for pipelines. rehabilitated. 1.7 Temporary sites used for Yes There is a chance of disposal Not Significant. construction works or housing of of the daily wastes to the EMP will provide construction workers? nearby water bodies by the mitigation measures. construction workers 1.8 Above ground buildings, Yes Earthworks may bring change Not significant. The structures or earthworks in land use disrupting the spoils will be readily including linear structures, cut roads, bazaar area. disposed as per spoil and fill or excavations? management plan and the immediate backfilling works will be done. 1.9 Underground works including No mining or tunnelling? 1.10 Reclamation works? No 1.11 Dredging? No 1.12 Coastal structures eg seawalls, No piers? 1.13 Offshore structures? No 1.14 Production and manufacturing Yes The on-site concrete mixing Not significant. The processes? activities shall be carried area covered to within the proposed conduct such component area and will activities will be occupy land that brings within the change in land use. construction site. 1.15 Facilities for storage of goods or Yes There is requirement of Not significant. The materials? stockpiling site. Hence, certain proposed location portion land needs to be belongs to occupied for the installation of government area. stockpiling site. 1.16 Facilities for treatment or No disposal of solid wastes or liquid effluents? 1.17 Facilities for long term housing No of operational workers? 1.18 New road, rail or sea traffic No

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No. Questions to be considered in Yes/No/? Which Characteristics of the Is the effect likely to Scoping Project Environment could be significant? be affected and how? Why? during construction or operation? 1.19 New road, rail, air, waterborne or No other transport infrastructure including new or altered routes and stations, ports, airports etc? 1.20 Closure or diversion of existing No transport routes or infrastructure leading to changes in traffic movements? 1.21 New or diverted transmission Yes Excavation works for laying Not significant. The lines or pipelines? New transmission lines or proposed pipelines distribution pipelines may shall be laid within bring change in land use. RoW of public road. 1.22 Impoundment, damming, No culverting, realignment or other changes to the hydrology of watercourses or aquifers? 1.23 Stream crossings? No 1.24 Abstraction or transfers of water No from ground or surface waters? 1.25 Changes in water bodies or the No land surface affecting drainage or run-off? 1.26 Transport of personnel or No materials for construction, operation or decommissioning? 1.27 Long term dismantling or No decommissioning or restoration works? 1.28 Ongoing activity during No decommissioning which could have an impact on the environment? 1.29 Influx of people to an area in No either temporarily or permanently? 1.30 Introduction of alien species? No 1.31 Loss of native species or genetic No diversity? 1.32 Any other actions? No 2. Will construction or operation of the Project use natural resources such as land, water, materials or energy, especially any resources which are non-renewable or in short supply? 2.1 Land especially undeveloped or Yes Barren Land will be used for Not significant. Use agricultural land? the proposed project of either barren land components. or Government land will avoid any anticipated issues. 2.2 Water? Yes Groundwater Not significant. The design has considerd safety factor rearding this matter and tehe study also shows that there are various sources of groundwater

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No. Questions to be considered in Yes/No/? Which Characteristics of the Is the effect likely to Scoping Project Environment could be significant? be affected and how? Why? recahrges like Saptakoshi River and other local rivers 2.3 Minerals? No 2.4 Aggregates? Yes These will be procured from Not significant. This the authorised vendors. project will not use aggregates direct from the natural source. 2.5 Forests and timber? No 2.6 Energy including electricity and Yes Electricity and Fuel will be Not significant. fuels? used for the project activities. 2.7 Any other resources? No 3. Will the Project involve use, storage, transport, handling or production of substances or materials which could be harmful to human health or the environment or raise concerns about actual or perceived risks to human health? 3.1 Will the project involve use of No substances or materials which are hazardous or toxic to human health or the environment (flora, fauna, water supplies)? 3.2 Will the project result in changes Yes The surroundings of the Not significant in occurrence of disease or affect worker’s camp may be because it is limited disease vectors (eg insect or affected through inadequate to construction water borne diseases)? supply of water and poor period only and it sanitation practice. can also be maanged by provision of safe access to water, sanitation and health care 3.3 Will the project affect the No welfare of people eg by changing living conditions? 3.4 Are there especially vulnerable No groups of people who could be affected by the project eg hospital patients, the elderly? 3.5 Any other causes? No 4. Will the Project produce solid wastes during construction or operation or decommissioning? 4.1 Spoil, overburden or mine Yes The spoil if not readily Not significant It can wastes? disposed at safe site, it will be avoided by occupy the land and may provision of create discomfort to the immediate disposal passer-by. of the spoils at safe site. Spoil Management Plan shall be followed. 4.2 Municipal waste (household and Yes There will be generation of Not significant or commercial wastes)? solid wastes from the worker's because it is short campsite. term. There is provision of waste management in EMP. 4.3 Hazardous or toxic wastes No (including radioactive wastes)?

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No. Questions to be considered in Yes/No/? Which Characteristics of the Is the effect likely to Scoping Project Environment could be significant? be affected and how? Why? 4.4 Other industrial process wastes? No 4.5 Surplus product? No 4.6 Sewage sludge or other sludge No from effluent treatment? 4.7 Construction or demolition Yes • Air Pollution by the dust No, because it is wastes? generated from the wastes limited to the • Discomfort to the passer-by construction phase if the wastes are not safely only and there will disposed be provision of immediate waste disposal 4.8 Redundant machinery or No equipment? 4.9 Contaminated soils or other No material? 4.10 Agricultural wastes? No 4.11 Any other solid wastes? No 5. Will the Project release pollutants or any hazardous, toxic or noxious substances to air? 5.1 Emissions from combustion of Yes Changes in Air Quality is Not significant fossil fuels from stationary or expected due to use of diesel because use of diesel mobile sources? generators as well as use of generator and vehicles. vehicles will comply the GoN standard. 5.2 Emissions from production No processes? 5.3 Emissions from materials Yes Dust generation by the Not significant --it is handling including storage or handling of materials like short term and there transport? cement, aggregates etc. will be regular monitoring 5.4 Emissions from construction Yes Dust generation by Not significant --it is activities including plant and construction works like short term and there equipment? earthworks will be regular monitoring 5.5 Dust or odours from handling of Yes Air pollution by the dust Not significant -it is materials including construction generation during unloading short term and there materials, sewage and waste? of materials like aggregates. will be regular monitoring 5.6 Emissions from incineration of No waste? 5.7 Emissions from burning of waste No in open air (eg slash material, construction debris)? 5.8 Emissions from any other No sources? 6. Will the Project cause noise and vibration or release of light, heat energy or electromagnetic radiation? 6.1 From operation of equipment eg Yes The surrounding area may be Not significant engines, ventilation plant, disturbed by the noise and because it is short crushers? vibration of the engines & term and the concrete mixers. preventive measure will be adopted. 6.2 From industrial or similar No processes? 6.3 From construction or Yes The demolition works of RoW Not significant demolition? for excavation works of pipe because it is short laying works may generate term (limited to

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No. Questions to be considered in Yes/No/? Which Characteristics of the Is the effect likely to Scoping Project Environment could be significant? be affected and how? Why? noise. construction phase). EMP provides mitigation measures. 6.4 From blasting or piling? No 6.5 From construction or operational Yes Use of transportation vehicles Not significant - traffic? for carrying construction because it is short materials may affect core term. market areas and settlement areas. 6.6 From lighting or cooling No systems? 6.7 From sources of electromagnetic No radiation (consider effects on nearby sensitive equipment as well as people)? 6.8 From any other sources? No 7. Will the Project lead to risks of contamination of land or water from releases of pollutants onto the ground or into sewers, surface waters, groundwater, coastal waters or the sea? 7.1 From handling, storage, use or No spillage of hazardous or toxic materials? 7.2 From discharge of sewage or No other effluents (whether treated or untreated) to water or the land? 7.3 By deposition of pollutants Yes The water bodies or land Not significant emitted to air, onto the land or nearby the workers camp may because there will be into water? be polluted by the daily provision of strict activities of the workers monitoring of this residing there temporarily. area. 7.4 From any other sources? No 7.5 Is there a risk of long term build- No up of pollutants in the environment from these sources? 8. Will there be any risk of accidents during construction or operation of the Project which could affect human health or the environment? 8.1 From explosions, spillages, fires No etc from storage, handling, use or production of hazardous or toxic substances? 8.2 From events beyond the limits of No normal environmental protection eg failure of pollution control systems? 8.3 From any other causes? No 8.4 Could the project be affected by Yes The past records of the Yes but EMP natural disasters causing flooding event during provides suitable environmental damage (eg monsoons within the project mitigation measures floods, town indicates the earthquakes, landslip, etc)? susceptibility of this project town towards flooding problems.

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No. Questions to be considered in Yes/No/? Which Characteristics of the Is the effect likely to Scoping Project Environment could be significant? be affected and how? Why? 9. Will the Project result in social changes, for example, in demography, traditional lifestyles, employment? 9.1 Changes in population size, age, Yes There will be rural to urban Not significant structure, social groups etc? migration that will affect the because the proposed existing community, cultural project area identity, economic conditions comprises mixed etc. type of ethnicity. 9.2 By resettlement of people or No demolition of homes or communities or community facilities eg schools, hospitals, social facilities? 9.3 Through in-migration of new Yes Easy & Safe access to water Not significant residents or creation of new supply and sanitation will because this communities? attract people from the proposed project neighbouring remote areas to town is emerging achieve improved living town and is standards. moderately populated. 9.4 By placing increased demands No on local facilities or services eg housing, education, health? 9.5 By creating jobs during Yes Requirement of labour for the Yes, because the construction or operation or construction works prioritize skills they learnt causing the loss of jobs with the local people hence, during their effects on unemployment providing employment employment period and the economy? opportunities to the local can be utilized in the people. future in other similar kind of works. 9.6 Any other causes? No Question - Are there any other factors which should be considered such as consequential development which could lead to environmental effects or the potential for cumulative impacts with other existing or planned activities in the locality? 9.1 Will the project lead to pressure No for consequential development which could have significant impact on the environment eg more housing, new roads, new supporting industries or utilities, etc? 9.2 Will the project lead to No development of supporting facilities, ancillary development or development stimulated by the project which could have impact on the environment eg: • supporting infrastructure (roads, power supply, waste or waste water treatment, etc) • housing development • extractive industries • supply industries other?

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No. Questions to be considered in Yes/No/? Which Characteristics of the Is the effect likely to Scoping Project Environment could be significant? be affected and how? Why? 9.3 Will the project lead to after-use No of the site which could have an impact on the environment? 9.4 Will the project set a precedent Yes The safe & easy access to Yes, because it will for later developments? water supply and sanitation by be the important this project may create factor for the opportunities for other sustainable development infrastructures. development of the emerging town like Kanchanrup 9.5 Will the project have No cumulative effects due to proximity to other existing or planned projects with similar effects?

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Annex B Relevant Environmental Quality Standards

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National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Nepal, 2003

National Noise Standard Guidelines, 2012

Source: Environmental, Health and Safety General Guidelines, 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group.

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Tolerance limits for wastewater to be discharged into inland surface waters from combined wastewater treatment plant (generic standards)

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Annex C Sample Grievance Redress Form

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Sample Grievance Redress Form

(To be available in Nepalese and English)

The Project welcomes complaints, suggestions, queries and comments regarding project implementation. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enables us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback. Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing* (CONFIDENTIAL)* above your name. Thank you. Date Place of registration Contact Information/personal details Name Gender *Male Age *Female Home Address Place Phone No. E-mail Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details (who, what, where and how) of your grievance below:

If includes as attachment/note/letter, please tick here:

How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Registered by: (Names of official registering grievance)

Mode of communication: Note/Letter E-mail Verbal/Telephon Reviewed by: (Names/positions of official(s) reviewing grievance)

Action Taken:

Whether Action Taken Disclosed: Yes No Means of Disclosure:

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Annex D Sample Traffic Management Plan

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A. Principles

One of the prime objectives of this TMP is to ensure the safety of all the road users along the work zone, and to address the following issues: (i) the safety of pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorists travelling through the construction zone; (ii) protection of work crews from hazards associated with moving traffic; (iii) mitigation of the adverse impact on road capacity and delays to the road users; (iv) maintenance of access to adjoining properties (v) Avoid hazards in (vi) Addressing issues that may delay the project.

B. Operating Policies for TMP

The following principles will help promote safe and efficient movement for all road users (motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians, including persons with disabilities) through and around work zones while reasonably protecting workers and equipment.

(i) Make traffic safety and temporary traffic control an integral and high-priority element of every project from planning through design, construction, and maintenance. (ii) Inhibit traffic movement as little as possible. (iii) Provide clear and positive guidance to drivers, bicyclists, and pedestrians as they approach and travel through the temporary traffic control zone. (iv) Inspect traffic control elements routinely, both day and night, and make modifications when necessary. (v) Pay increased attention to roadside safety in the vicinity of temporary traffic control zones. (vi) Train all persons that select, place, and maintain temporary traffic control devices. (vii) Keep the public well informed. (viii) Make appropriate accommodation for abutting property owners, residents, businesses, emergency services, railroads, commercial vehicles, and transit operations.

C. Analyze the impact due to street closure

Apart from the capacity analysis, a final decision to close a particular street and divert the traffic should involve the following steps:

(i) approval from the ICG, local administration to use the local streets as detours;

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(ii) consultation with businesses, community members, traffic police, PWD, etc, regarding the mitigation measures necessary at the detours where the road is diverted during the construction; (iii) determining of the maximum number of days allowed for road closure, and incorporation of such provisions into the contract documents; (iv) determining if additional traffic control or temporary improvements are needed along the detour route; (v) considering how access will be provided to the worksite; (vi) contacting emergency service, school officials, and transit authorities to determine if there are impacts to their operations; and (vii) developing a notification program to the public so that the closure is not a surprise. As part of this program, the public should be advised of alternate routes that commuters can take or will have to take as result of the traffic diversion.

If full road-closure of certain streets within the area is not feasible due to inadequate capacity of the Detour Street or public opposition, the full closure can be restricted to weekends with the construction commencing on Saturday night and ending on Monday morning prior to the morning peak period.

Figure A1: Policy Steps for the TMP

D. Public awareness and notifications

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As per discussions in the previous sections, there will be travel delays during the constructions, as is the case with most construction projects, albeit on a reduced scale if utilities and traffic management are properly coordinated. There are additional grounds for travel delays in the area, as most of the streets lack sufficient capacity to accommodate additional traffic from diverted traffic as a result of street closures to accommodate the works.

The awareness campaign and the prior notification for the public will be a continuous activity which the project will carry out to compensate for the above delays and minimize public claims as result of these problems. These activities will take place sufficiently in advance of the time when the roadblocks or traffic diversions take place at the particular streets. The reason for this is to allow sufficient time for the public and residents to understand the changes to their travel plans. The project will notify the public about the roadblocks and traffic diversion through public notices, ward level meetings and city level meeting with the elected representatives.

The ICG will also conduct an awareness campaign to educate the public about the following issues:

(i) traffic control devices in place at the work zones (signs, traffic cones, barriers, etc.); (ii) defensive driving behavior along the work zones; and (iii) reduced speeds enforced at the work zones and traffic diversions.

It may be necessary to conduct the awareness programs/campaigns on road safety during construction.

The campaign will cater to all types of target groups i.e. children, adults, and drivers. Therefore, these campaigns will be conducted in schools and community centers. In addition, the project will publish a brochure for public information. These brochures will be widely circulated around the area and will also be available at the ICG, and the contractor's site office. The text of the brochure should be concise to be effective, with a lot of graphics. It will serve the following purpose:

(i) Explain why the brochure was prepared, along with a brief description of the project; (ii) Advise the public to expect the unexpected; (iii) Educate the public about the various traffic control devices and safety measures adopted at the work zones; (iv) Educate the public about the safe road user behavior to emulate at the work zones; (v) Tell the public how to stay informed or where to inquire about road safety issues at the work zones (name, telephone, mobile number of the contact person; and (vi) Indicate the office hours of relevant offices.

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E. Vehicle Maintenance and Safety

A vehicle maintenance and safety program shall be implemented by the construction contractor. The contractor should ensure that all the vehicles are in proper running condition and it comply with roadworthy and meet certification standards of GoN. All vehicles to be used at STWSSP shall be in perfect condition meeting pollution standards of GoN. The vehicle operator requires a pre state of shift checklist. Additional safety precautions will include the requirement for:

▪ Driver will follow the special code of conduct and road safety rules of Government of Nepal. ▪ Drivers to ensure that all loads are covered and secured drivers to ensure operation equipment can’t leak materials hauled ▪ Vehicles will be cleaned and maintained in designed places.

F. Install traffic control devices at the work zones and traffic diversion routes

The purpose of installing traffic control devices at the work zones is to delineate these areas to warn, inform, and direct the road users about a hazard ahead, and to protect them as well as the workers. As proper delineation is a key to achieve the above objective, it is important to install good traffic signs at the work zones. The following traffic control devices are used in work zones:

▪ Signs ▪ Pavement Markings ▪ Channelizing Devices ▪ Arrow Panels ▪ Warning Lights

Procedures for installing traffic control devices at any work zone vary, depending on road configuration, location of the work, construction activity, duration, traffic speed and volume, and pedestrian traffic. Work will take place along major roads, and the minor internal roads. As such, the traffic volume and road geometry vary. The main roads carry considerable traffic; internal roads in the new city areas are wide but in old city roads very narrow and carry considerable traffic. However, regardless of where the construction takes place, all the work zones should be cordoned off, and traffic shifted away at least with traffic cones, barricades, and temporary signs (temporary “STOP” and “GO”).

The work zone should take into consideration the space required for a buffer zone between the workers and the traffic (lateral and longitudinal) and the transition space required for delineation, as applicable. For the works, a 30 cm clearance between the traffic and the

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temporary STOP and GO signs should be provided. In addition, at least 60 cm is necessary to install the temporary traffic signs and cones.

Traffic police should regulate traffic away from the work zone and enforce the traffic diversion result from full street closure in certain areas during construction. Flaggers/ personnel should be equipped with reflective jackets at all times and have traffic control batons (preferably the LED type) for regulating the traffic during night time.

In addition to the delineation devices, all the construction workers should wear fluorescent safety vests and helmets in order to be visible to the motorists at all times. There should be provision for lighting beacons and illumination for night constructions.

The ICG and contractor will coordinate with the local administration and traffic police regarding the traffic signs, detour, and any other matters related to traffic. The contractor will prepare the traffic management plan in detail and submit it along with the EMP for the final approval.

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Annex E Spoil Management Plan

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Purpose and application: SMP is to describe how STWSSP will manage the spoil generated and reuse related to design and construction works. This is an integral part of EMP. The objective of SMP is to reuse of spoil from works in accordance with the spoil management hierarchy outlined in this document.

Objectives of SMP: The objectives of SMP are:

A To minimize spoil generation where possible B Maximize beneficial reuse of spoil from construction works in accordance with spoil management hierarchy C Mange onsite spoil handling to minimize environmental impacts on resident and other receivers D Minimize any further site contamination of land, water, soil E Manage the transportation of spoil with consideration of traffic impacts and transport related emissions Structure of SMP: Section 1: Introduction of SMP Section 2: Legal and other requirements Section 3: Roles and responsibilities Section 4: Identification and assessment of spoil aspects and impacts Section 5: Spoil volumes, characteristics and minimization Section 6: Spoil reuses opportunities, identification and assessment Section 7: On site spoil management approach Section 8: Spoil transportation methodology Section 9: Monitoring, Reporting, Review, and Improvements Aspects and potential impacts The key aspects of potential impacts in relation to SMP are listed in table below

Aspects Potential Impacts

Air Quality Potential for high winds generating airborne dust from the stock piles

Sedimentation Potential for sediment laden site runoff from spoil stockpiles and potential for spillage of spoil from truck on roads

Surface and groundwater Contamination of surface and ground water Noise Associated with spoil handling and haulage and storage

Traffic Impacts associated with spoil haulage

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Land Use Potential for spoil to be transported to a receivable site that doesn’t have permission for storage/disposal

Design specifications Limitations on opportunities to minimize spoil generation

Sustainability Limited sites for storage reuse opportunities

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Spoil volumes, Characteristics and Minimization Spoil volume calculations: Estimate the volumes of spoils produced from each of the construction sites. Characterization of spoil: Based on the type of spoil; characterization is done (sand stone, mud mix materials, reusable materials Adopt Spoil Reduce, Reuse Opportunities: An overview of the assessment methodology to be used is mentioned below. • Consideration of likely spoil characteristics • Identification of possible reuse sites • Screening of possible reuse opportunities Identification of possible safe disposal sites for spoil: Those spoils, which can’t be reuse, shall be properly disposed in designated areas, such disposal areas should be identified in project locations. Such disposal areas should be safe from environmental aspects, there should not be any legal, and resettlement related issues. Such areas need to be identified and prior cliental approval should be obtained to use it as spoil disposal area. The local administration must be consulted and if required permission should be obtained from them.

Storage and Stockpiling Transportation and Haulage route Based on the above, the contractor will prepare a SMP as an integral part of EMP and submit it to the DSC for their review and approval.

SUMMARY OF KEY ISSUES AND REMEDIAL ACTIONS Summary of follow up time-bound actions to be taken within a set timeframe Annexes F Photos G Summary of consultations H Copies of environmental clearances and permits I Sample of environmental site inspection Report J Others

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Annex F Sample Semi-Annual Environmental Monitoring Report Template

Annexes This template must be included as an Annex in the EIA/IEE that will be prepared for the project. It can be adapted to the specific project as necessary.

a. Introduction b. Overall project description and objectives c. Description of sub-projects d. Environmental category of the sub-projects e. Details of site personnel and/or consultants responsible for environmental monitoring f. Overall project and sub-project progress and status

Status of Sub-Project N Sub- List Progres Pre- o. Project Design Construction Operational of s of Constructio Name Work Works

COMPLIANCE STATUS WITH NATIONAL/STATE/LOCAL STATUTORY ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS Sub- Statutory Status of No. Action Required Project Environmental Complianc

COMPLIANCE STATUS WITH ENVIRONMENTAL LOAN COVENANTS

No. (List schedule Status of and paragraph Covenant Action Required Complianc number of Loan

COMPLIANCE STATUS WITH THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN a. Provide the monitoring results as per the parameters outlined in the EMP. Append supporting documents where applicable, including Environmental Site Inspection Reports. b. There should be Reporting on the following items, which can be incorporated in the checklist of routine Environmental Site Inspection Report followed with a summary in the semi-annual Report send to ADB. Visual assessment and review of relevant site documentation during routine site inspection needs to note and record the following: c. What are the dust suppression techniques followed for site and if any dust was noted to escape the site boundaries; d. If muddy water was escaping site boundaries or muddy tracks were seen on adjacent roads; e. adequacy of type of erosion and sediment control measures installed on site, condition of erosion and sediment control measures including if these were intact following heavy rain;

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f. Are their designated areas for concrete works, and refueling; g. Are their spill kits on site and if there are site procedure for handling emergencies; h. Is there any chemical stored on site and what is the storage condition? i. Is there any dewatering activities if yes, where is the water being discharged; j. How are the stockpiles being managed; k. How is solid and liquid waste being handled on site; l. Review of the complaint management system; m. Checking if there are any activities being under taken out of working hours and how that is being managed. Summary Monitoring Table

Impacts Mitigati Parameters Method Location Date of Name of (List on Monitored (As of of Monitori Person Who from Measure a minimum Monitorin Monitorin ng Conducted IEE) s (List those g g Conducte the from identified in d Monitoring Design Phase

Pre-Construction Phase

Construction Phase

Operational Phase

Overall Compliance with CEMP/EMP

No. Sub-Project EMP/CEMP CEMP/EMP Status of Implementation Action Proposed Name Part of Contract Being (Excellent/ Satisfactory/ & Additional Documents Implemented Partially Satisfactory/ Measures (Y/N) (Y/N) Below Satisfactory) Required

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APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF THE PROJECT Brief description on the approach and methodology used for environmental monitoring of each sub-project

MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON PROJECT SURROUNDINGS (AMBIENT AIR, WATER QUALITY AND NOISE LEVELS) a. Brief discussion on the basis for monitoring b. Indicate type and location of environmental parameters to be monitored c. Indicate the method of monitoring and equipment to be used d. Provide monitoring results and an analysis of results in relation to baseline data and statutory requirements As a minimum the results should be presented as per the tables below. Air Quality Results

Parameters (Government Standards) Sit Date Site Location PM10 SO2 NO2 e of (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3)

Water Quality Results

Parameters (Government Standards) Sit Date of Site Location Conducti BOD TSS TN TP e Samplin pH vit y (mg/L) (mg/L (mg/L (mg/L)

Noise Quality Results

Sit Date LAeq (dBA) (Government Site Location Standard) e of Day Time Night Time

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Annex G Sample Environmental Site Inspection Report

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Project Name Contract Number

NAME: ______DATE:______TITLE: ______DMA: ______LOCATION: ______GROUP: ______

WEATHER CONDITION: ______

INITIAL SITE CONDITION:______

CONCLUDING SITE CONDITION:

Satisfactory_____Unsatisfactory_____ Incident_____ Resolved _____ Unresolved _____

INCIDENT: Nature of incident: ______Intervention Steps: ______Incident Issues Survey Design Project Resolution Implementation Activity Pre-Commissioning Stage Guarantee Period

Inspection Emissions Waste Minimization Air Quality Reuse and Recycling Noise pollution Dust and Litter Control Hazardous Substances Trees and Vegetation Site Restored to Original Condition Yes No

Signature ______

Sign off ______Name Name Position Position

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PROXIMITY REPORT ON KANCHANRUP TOWN GENERATED BY ADB (IBAT REPORT)

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Annex I OTHER CHECKLISTS AND SAMPLE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

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OTHER CHECKLISTS A. Checklist for Physico-Chemical Environment

Parameters Description

Topography Latitude 26°33’ N to 26°55’ N and longitude 86°06’ E to 86°26’ E.

Flat Topography with average elevation (110 to 120) m

Geology (Rock and Soil Types) Sand, Silt & Clay are the main sediments of soil

Erosion and Sedimentation No such events recorded and observed

Climate Sub-tropical Climate Monsoon- June to September Average Rainfall: 1442mm Quarry Sites (If any) No

Land Use Agricultural land is the dominant followed by forests and residential areas.

Air Quality Medium

Noise Level Medium

Drainage Network Existing Drains at few locations

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B. Floras & Fauna Floras (Plant Life Forms)

SN Local Name Botanical Name Location Vegetation Local Local Uses Protection Status Type/Life Status IUCN CITES GoN IBAT Forms Agroforestry and 1 Aap Mangifera indica L. Human Habitations Grass Making light & dust LC LC LC brooms Edible Shoots, Medicinal Uses, Near Human Agroforestry, Stems for 5 Bans BabusaVulgaris Habitations as well as Grass LC LC LC making roof tiles, Open forests brooms & baskets, Handicrafts Medicinal Use, Edible 6 Bar Ficus benghalensis Human Habitations Tree LC LC LC Fruits & Agroforestry Medicinal Use, Chilaune Schima wallichii Lowland Forests Tree Agroforestry, Dyeing, LC LC LC Firewood Medicinal Use, Edible Wet to Fairly Dry Fruits & Seeds, Jamun Syzygium cumini Areas and Even in Shrub/Tree Agroforestry, Dyeing, LC LC LC Swamps Carpentry and Firewood

• Edible Roots, Stems, Leaves, Seeds and Petals Kamal Nelumbo nucifera Pond Aquatic Plant • Medicinal Uses LC LC LC • Leaves For making plates for eating food off

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SN Local Name Botanical Name Location Vegetation Local Local Uses Protection Status Type/Life Status IUCN CITES GoN IBAT Forms • Edible Leaves, Flowers, Seeds and Fruits • Medicinal Uses Karamkanda Oroxylum indicum (L.) Roadsides Tree • Agroforestry Uses LC LC LC • Dyeing, Making Papers • Fuel of Poor Quality

• Edible Roots, Shoots and Seeds Shallow Water & Karka Phragmites australis Perennial Grass • Medicinal Uses LC LC LC Wet Soil • Agroforestry Uses

• Edible Seeds Sandy Plains, Moist Katus Quercus alba Deciduous Tree • Medicinal Uses LC LC LC Bottoms, Dry Woods • Agroforestry Uses • Open & Drier Areas • Edible Seeds mostly on well- • Medicinal Uses Khayar Senegalia catechu drained soil types Deciduous Tree • Agroforestry Uses LC LC LC • Shallow, Poor, Rocky • Other Various Uses Soil • Edible Leaves used for making essential oil Masala Eucylaptus Near Human Evergreen Tree • Medicinal Uses LC LC LC Habitations • Agroforestry Uses • Other Various Uses like Fuel, Making

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SN Local Name Botanical Name Location Vegetation Local Local Uses Protection Status Type/Life Status IUCN CITES GoN IBAT Forms Charcoal, Dyeing etc.

• Edible Seeds and Fruits • Medicinal Uses • Agroforestry Uses • Other Uses like Nariwal Cocos nucifera L. Human Habitations Evergreen Tree making soaps, LC LC LC detergents, cosmetics, candles, making brooms, furniture etc.

• Medicinal Uses • Agroforestry Uses Small to Medium • Other Uses like Palas Butea monosperma Open Places Sized Deciduous Dyeing, Fuel, LC LC LC Tree Gunpowder Charcoal etc.

• Medicinal Uses • Fuel Wood • Other Uses like Dyeing, Making Peepal Ficus religiosa Human Habitations Evergreen Tree Paper, and Sealing LC LC LC Wax etc. • Considered as Holy Tree and Worshipped

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SN Local Name Botanical Name Location Vegetation Local Local Uses Protection Status Type/Life Status IUCN CITES GoN IBAT Forms • Medicinal Uses • Agroforestry Uses • Other Uses like Dyeing, Oil for hair Saagaun Tectona grandis L. Nearby Forests Deciduous Tree LC LC LC growth, Making Charcoal & Fuel wood etc.

• Medicinal Uses • Dyeing, Other Uses Medium to Large Saj Terminalia alata Sal Forest like Incense, LC LC LC Deciduous Tree Cosmetic, Fuel, Charcoal etc. Medicinal, Making plates, cups (Tapari), Sal Shorea robusta Nearby Forests Evergreen Trees LC LC LC Fuel wood, Edible Seeds • Latex for Chewing Gum • Medicinal Uses Medium to Large • Other Uses like Saptaparna Alstonia scholaris LC LC LC Tree Dyeing, Making Essential Oil, Fuel Wood, Charcoal etc.

Sarpagandha Rauvolfia serpentina Nearby Forests Evergreen Shrub • Medicinal Uses LC LC LC • Edible Seeds, Tall Deciduous Simal Bombax ceiba L. Leaves, Roots LC LC LC Tree • Medicinal Uses

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SN Local Name Botanical Name Location Vegetation Local Local Uses Protection Status Type/Life Status IUCN CITES GoN IBAT Forms • Agroforestry Uses • Other Uses like Making Ropes, Extracting Methanol from Leaf Powder, Making Soaps etc.

• Medicinal Uses • Agroforestry Uses • Other Uses like Nearby Human Medium Sisau Dalbergia sissoo Lubricant, LC LC LC Habitations Deciduous Tree Firewood, Charcoal Production etc.

• Edible Stem • Medicinal Uses • Agroforestry Uses • Other Uses like Large & Production of Ukhu Saccharum officinarum Fields Within Human LC LC LC Habitations Perennial Grass Furniture, Shoe, Waxed Paper, Making Paper, Fuel etc.

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Mammals in the project area

SN Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Local Status Crop/Livestock Protection Status Raider IUCN CITES GoN IBAT

White Tailed Commonly Odocoileus virginiana Deer Forests found in forest Crop Raider LC LC LC LC areas Koshi Tappu Asian Elephant Elephas maximus Wildlife Rarely Seen Crop Raider EN EN EN EN Reserve Commonly Golden Jackal Canis aureus Forests found in forest Livestock Raider LC LC LC LC areas (LC) Koshi Tappu Commonly Hog Deer Axis porcinus Wildlife found in forest Crop Raider EN EN EN EN Reserve areas Koshi Tappu Leopard Panthera pardus Wildlife VU Livestock Raider VU VU VU VU Reserve Forests and Herpestes Mongoose Agricultural Commonly auropunctatus None LC LC LC LC Field Found (LC) Commonly found in forest areas and in Monkey Macaca mulatta Forests Crop Raider LC LC LC LC human habitations also (LC) Smooth – coated Lutrogale Koshi Tappu Rarely Seen Livestock Raider VU VU VU VU

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SN Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Local Status Crop/Livestock Protection Status Raider IUCN CITES GoN IBAT Otter perspicillata Wildlife Reserve Koshi Tappu Northern Palm Funambulus Crop Raider LC LC LC LC Wildlife Commonly Squirrel pennantiii Reserve Found (LC) Koshi Tappu Crop Raider LC LC LC LC Wild Boar Sus scrofa Wildlife LC Reserve Koshi Tappu Crop Raider EN EN EN EN Wild Buffalo Bubalus anree Wildlife EN Reserve

Birds Sighted in the project area Common Local Protection Status SN Scientific Name Type Habitat Name Status IUCN CITES GoN IBAT Malacocincla Farmland & Settlement Commonly 1. Abbotts’s Passerine Bird LC LC LC LC Babbler abbotti Areas Found/LC Threatened Houbaropsis Farmland & Settlement 2. Bengal Bustard Bird Protected EN* with Protected CR* Floricans bengalens Areas Extinction Coracina Farmland & Settlement Commonly 3. Black Headed Cuckooshrike LC LC LC LC Cuckooshrike melanoptera Areas Found/LC Common Farmland & Settlement Commonly 4. Bucephala clangula Duck LC LC LC LC Golden-Eye Areas Found/LC Urban & Rural Habitats Corvus Commonly 5. House Crow Crow including towns, cities, LC LC LC LC Splendens Found farmlands House Nearby Human Commonly 6. Passer domesticus Sparrow LC LC LC LC Sparrow Habitations Found

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Common Local Protection Status SN Scientific Name Type Habitat Name Status IUCN CITES GoN IBAT Commonly Indian Cuculus Deciduous & 7. Cuckoo Found in LC LC LC LC Cuckoo micropterus Evergreen Forests Forests Open habitats with Oriental Streptopelia Commonly 8. Dove good tree cover nearby LC LC LC LC Turtle Dove orientalis Found human habitations Bubo Nearby Human Commonly 9. Dusky Eagle Owl LC LC LC LC Owl coromandus Habitations Found Gull-billed Nearby Human Commonly 10. Sterna nilotica Tern LC LC LC LC Tern Habitations Found Indian Caprimulgus Nearby Human Commonly 11. Small Nightjar LC LC LC LC Nightjar asiaticus Habitations Found Large Adjutant Nearby Human 12. Leptoptilus dubius Stork Protected EN* EN* EN* VU* Stork Habitations Pallas’s Fish Haliaeetus 13. Eagle leucoryphus Eagle - Rarely Seen EN* EN* Protected VU* Nearby Human Commonly 14. Rock Dove Columba livia Pigeon LC LC LC LC Habitations Found Rufous-vented Nearby Human Near 15. Laticilla burnesii Warbler - grass babbler Habitations Threatened Striated Old World Nearby Human Commonly 16. Megalurus palustris LC LC LC LC Grassbird Warbler Habitations Found Swamp Nearby Human 17. Francolinus gularis Patridge Protected VU* VU* Protected VU* Francolin Habitations Nearby Human Commonly 18. Water Cock Gallicrex cinerea Waterbird LC LC LC LC Habitations Found Old World White Tailed Nearby Human Commonly 19. Saxicola leucurus Flycatchers/Small LC LC LC LC Stonechat Habitations Found Passerine Birds

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Herpeto-fauna in the Project Area Local Protection Status S.N. Local Name Scientific Name Habitat Status IUCN CITES GoN IBAT Common Indian 1 Varanus Bengalensis Moist Forest Areas LC LC LC LC Monitor Gardens, Agricultural Commonly 2 Garden lizard Calotes versicular LC LC LC LC Fields Found Small Bush 3 Green Pit Viper T. albolabris Vegetations, Trees, LC LC LC LC Urban Areas also Human Habitations Commonly 4 House Lizard Hemidactylus Flaviviridis LC LC LC LC Found Olive Keelback Water or Surrounding 5 Atretium Schistosum LC LC LC LC Water Snake Vegetation Forest Areas and 6 Rat snake Ptyas mucosus Vegetaions near LC LC LC LC Human Habitations Agricultural Fields, Commonly Roadsides,Freshwater, Found 7 Stream Frog Rana cyanophylectis LC LC LC LC Vegetations near Human Habitations Agricultural Fields, Commonly Roadsides,Freshwater, Found 8 Frog Sphaerotheca swani LC LC LC LC Vegetations near Human Habitations

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Fish in the Project Area

S.N. Local Name Scientific Name Status of Migratory Observed Location Occurrence Status/Season 1 Catfish Glyptothorax indicus Resident Fish Nearby Water Bodies 2 Dinnawah Snowtrout Schizothorax progastus January to March Nearby Water Bodies 3 Dwarf Sankehead Channa gachua Resident Fish Nearby Water Bodies 4 Katli Neolissocheilus hexagonolepis January to March Nearby Water Bodies 5 Spiny Eel Mastacembelus armatus Resident Fish Nearby Water Bodies 6 Stone Carp Psilorhynchus pseudecheneis Resident Fish Nearby Water Bodies 7 Stone Roller Garra annandalei Resident Fish Nearby Water Bodies 8 Stinging Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis Resident Fish Nearby Water Bodies

Note: All the above-mentioned floral & faunal species are found in various locations of the project town. Due to increasing urbanization, some of the species found within the settlement areas have now been increasingly shifted to the roadside bushes as well as nearby forests areas.

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Survey Questionnaire

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Annex J Letters, Minutes of Meeting and Other Related Documents

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Recommendation Letter

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English Translation of Recommendation Letter Kanchanrup Municipality Municipality Office Kanchanrup, Saptari, Province no.2, Nepal

Date: 24 December, 2020

Subject: In regard to the decision made To, The Project Management Office, Panipokhari, Kathmandu On the subject mentioned above, according to the decision made by the executive committee of this municipality office on 24 December, 2020, this is to inform you that the recommendation from the municipality has been conferred to Kanchanrup WUSC to provide the public land for the construction of the required Tank, Guardhouse, Office Building and Deep Boring as per the details of plot number of former VDC mentioned below: Details Area of Former Ward S. Plot the Land & Present Area Purpose No. No. required Ownership Ward land 1. Kanchanrup 12 0-8-15 0-8-15 GoN • 450cum capacity OHT and One Deep Municipality– Boring already exist and can be used Ward no. 8 for the proposed after some maintenance works • Proposed: 2 Deep Boring, One Guard House, One Generator House • Use of these constructed deep boring as source of water 2. Former 173 1-0-1-0 GoN • The existing Guard House (1 no.) and Kanchanrup Deep Boring (1 no.) with compound VDC-3 and Wall can be used by WUSC Present Ward: • Construction of One 250cum Kanchanrup capacity OHT and 2 Deep Boring Municipality-12 System • Use of these constructed deep boring as source of water 3. Former 0-2-0-0 0-2-0-0 GoN • The existing Reservoir-Ground RVT Dharampur 100cum (1no.) with compound wall VDC-8 and can be used by WUSC Present Kanchanrup Municipality- Ward no. 12 4. Former 249 0-2-0-0 0-2-0-0 GoN • The existing Guard House (1 no.) and Dharampur Deep Boring (1 no.) with compound VDC-8 and wall can be used by WUSC Present

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Area of Former Ward S. Plot the Land & Present Area Purpose No. No. required Ownership Ward land Kanchanrup • Construction of one deep boring Municipality- • Use of this constructed deep boring Ward no. 12 as source of water

5. Former - 0-2-0-0 0-2-0-0 GoN, Along • Construction of one deep boring Dharampur the bank of • Use of this constructed deep boring VDC-8 and river as source of water Present Kanchanrup Municipality- Ward no. 12

……………………. (Nawaraj Khadka) Chief Administrative Officer

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English Translation for Approval Letter from Municipality for Pipeline construction

Kanchanrup Municipality Municipal Executive office Kanchanrup, Saptari, Province no.2, Nepal

Letter No: 077/078 Phone No: 031-560114 Reference No: 860

Date: 24 December, 2020 To, The Project Management Office, Urban Water Supply and Sanitation (Sector) Project Regional Project Management Office Itahari, Sunsari

Subject: Regarding the Approval

Regarding the above mentioned subject, according to the letter (letter no. 2077/078 and reference no. 141) received from this office on 24 December, 2020, as the reinstatement works to cover up the damages caused during pipe laying works under UWSSP, Kanchanrup, Saptari that will be implemented through this office, will be carried out by the project itself and as per the permission requested for the use of land owned by the municipality for the laying works of pipeline, this is to inform you that the approval from the municipality has been granted to UWSSP.

Nawaraj Khadka Chief Administrative Officer

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WUSC Registration Certificate

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English Translation of WUSC Registration Certificate

Kanchanrup Municipality Municipal Executive office Kanchanrup, Saptari, Province no.2, Nepal

Drinking water Supply and Sanitation User Committee Registration Certificate

Registration date: 2076-06-30 Registration Number: 01 Date: 2076-06-30

Kanchanpur Urban Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation User Committee, Kanchanrup Ward no. 8 Kanchanpur, Saptari

Kanchanpur Urban Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation User Committee, Kanchanrup Ward no. 8, as per the decision of Kanchanrup Municipal Executive Committee meeting dated 2076-06-30 (17 October, 2019), this registration certificate has been issued by registering in this office on 30th Ashwin, 2076 B.S. (17 October, 2019) with the approval of the constitution of Kanchanpur Urban Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation User committee, 2076. Conduct your work in accordance with the existing law and the constitution of Kanchanpur Drinking Water and Sanitation User committee 2076.

Signature: Purshottam Dhakal Chief Administrative officer

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Minutes of Meeting 1

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English Translation for the Minutes of Meeting-1

Today dated January 20, 2018, the meeting for the Kanchanrup Water Supply & Sanitation Project has been conducted under the presidency of Mr. Basanta Mishra, Mayor of Kanchanrup Municipality in the presence of the following mentioned participants.

S.No. Name of Participants Designation 1 Mr. Basant Mishra Mayor 2 Mr. Niru Pokhrel Deputy Mayor 3 Mr. Devi Bdr. Khatri Chairman of Ward 12 4 Mr. Laxman Yadav Chairman of Ward 9 5 Mr. Raj Kumar Shah Chairman of Ward 8 6 Mr. Ram Narayan Shah Chairman of Ward 4 7 Mr. Hari Narayan Mahato Chairman of Ward 7 8 Mr. Mahendra p. Chaudhary Chairman of Kanchanpur WUSC 9 Mr. Jid Bdr. Shrestha Chairman of Rupnagar WUSC 10 Mr. Shambhu Pd. Ghimire 11 Mr. Amar Shrestha 12 Mr. Dil Bdr . Thapa 13 Mr. Sanjaya Paswan Member of Ward no. 8 14 Mr. Mo. Karim Member of Ward no. 12 15 Mr. Anil Kumar Yadav Engineer, TAEC Consult P. Ltd. 16 Ms. Anita Shah Engineer, TAEC Consult P. Ltd. 17 Mr. Nanda Raj Pokhrel 18 Mr. Ram Pd. Khatiwada 19 Mr. Narayan Bdr. Karki 20 Mr. Rudra Bdr. Khatri 21 Mr. Guru Bdr. Khatiwada 22 Mr. Amar Shrestha 23 Mr. Brish Narayan Shrestha 24 Mr. Dev Narayan Shrestha 25 Mr. Parsuram Basnet 26 Mr. Shatrughan Prasad Yadav 27 Mr. Ananda Mahato 28 Mr. Govinda Katuwal 29 Mr. Minma Shah Kanchanrup-4 30 Mr. Bishnu Bdr. Karki Kanchanrup-12 31 Mr. Deepak Bdr. Shrestha Kanchanrup-12 32 Mr. Bhubaneshwor Mandal Kanchanrup-8 33 Mr. Manoj Mandal Kanchanrup-8 34 Mr. Jogendra Sada 35 Mr. Madhav Bhujel 36 Mr. Shambhu Prasad Pokharel Kanchanrup-7 37 Mr. Bidur Prasad Niraula Kanchanrup-7 38 Mr. Megh Raj poudyal Kanchanrup-7 39 Mr. Rameshwor Yadav Kanchanrup-8 40 Mr. Sanjay Kumar Paswan Kanchanrup-8, Ward Member 41 Mr. Jaghar Shah Kanchanrup-8 42 Mr. Raju Adhikari Kanchanrup-12 43 Mr. Pratap Kumar Sah Kanchanrup-8 44 Mr. Shankar Narayan Shrestha Kanchanrup-12, Rupnagar 45 Mr. Gopal P. Rimal Kanchanrup-12, Rupnagar 46 Mr. Lokendra P.Mahato Kanchanrup-7, Rupnagar 47 Mr. Kedar Nath Bhattarai Kanchanrup-12, Kanchanpur 48 Mr. Bishwo Nath Upadhya Kanchanrup-7, Rupnagar 49 Mr. Dilli Bdr. Khatri

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S.No. Name of Participants Designation 50 Mr. Mohan Kumar Shrestha Kanchanrup-12, Rupnagar 51 Mr. Satya Narayan Thapamagar Kanchanrup-8 52 Mr. Chatra Narayan Shrestha Kanchanrup-12 53 Mr. Damodar P. Dahal Kanchanrup-9 54 Mr. Suraj Shrestha Kanchanrup-9 55 Mr. Manan Ali Kanchanrup-12 56 Mr. Purushottam Shrestha Kanchanrup-12 57 Mr. Dik Bdr. Bishwokarma Kanchanrup-12 58 Mr. Ramnarayan Yadav Kanchanrup-10 59 Ms. Dev Kumari Shrestha Kanchanrup-10 60 Ms. Urmila Dahal Kanchanrup-9 61 Ms. Bishnu Kumari Shrestha Kanchanrup-12 62 Mr. Manoj Kumar Sah Kanchanrup-8 63 Mr. Som Nath Ghimire Kanchanrup-8 64 Mr. Bhopendra P. Yadav 65 Mr. Bechan Chaudhary Kanchanrup-4 66 Mr. Mohamad Guffran Kanchanrup-12, Rupnagar 67 Mr. Raj Kumar Adhikari Kanchanrup-12, Rupnagar 68 Mr. Laxman Mandal Kanchanrup-8 69 Mr. Mahendra P. Chaudhary Kanchanrup-9 70 Mr. Anil Pokhrel Kanchanrup-12, Journalist 71 Mr. Mannu Kumar Paswan Kanchanrup-8 72 Mr. Binod Sah Kanchanrup-4 73 Mr. Dhani Lal Chaudhary Kanchanrup-4 74 Mr. Lal mani Khatiwada 75 Mr. Raj Kumar Paswan Journalist 76 Mr. Ananda Pd. Chaudhary 77 Mr. Mohan Raj Shrestha 78 Mr. Madhav Maskey 79 Mr. Bharat Bista 80 Mr. Shree Krishna Mahato 81 Mr. Dinesh Khatri 82 Mr. Mohamad Islam 83 Mr. Ashok K.C

Proposals:

1. Information in regard to the proposed water supply project 2. Information shared by the Division Chief 3. In regard to field visit 4. In regard to determination of service area 5. In regard to the land required for the proposed project and 5% upfront cash collection 6. In regard to the social & technical survey of the project town 7. In regard to social and environmental safeguard policy 8. In regard to the formation of WUSC

Decisions:

The following decisions were made concerning the above-mentioned proposals:

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1. As per the discussion on proposal 1, the detailed information regarding the purpose of water supply under Kanchanrup Municipality and the phases of the project that directly benefits the people has been delivered by the engineer of TAEC Consult P. Ltd., Mr. Anil Kumar Yadav to the people of wards 4, 8, 9, 11 & 12 present in the meeting and it has been decided to provide water supply service to the area of Kanchanrup town.

2. As per the discussion on proposal 2, Mr. Lokendra Yadav, Divisional Engineer of Water Supply & Sanitation Division Office, Rajbiraj enlightened on the joint investment of Government of Nepal and People regarding water supply & sanitation project and assured to provide support to the people.

3. As per the discussion on proposal 3, the supervision of the site of OHT, Boring House & Pump House and Toilet under Kanchanpur & Rupnagar WS has been carried out.

4. As per the discussion on proposal 4, it has been decided to provide water supply service to areas of wards 4, 7, 8, 9, 11 & 12 of Kanchanrup Municipality also.

5. As per the discussion on proposal 5, it has been decided unanimously to provide the land required for the project and to collect the amount of TDF and 5% upfront cash.

6. As per the discussion on proposal 6, it has been decided to carry out household survey and technical survey in the wards 4, 7, 8, 9, 11 & 12 of Kanchanrup Municipality.

7. As per the discussion on proposal 7, information on provision of toilet, tap stands and social & environmental aspects has been delivered.

8. As per the discussion on proposal 8, it is unanimously decided to form Kanchanrup WUSC within 1 month of this meeting.

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Minutes of Meeting-2

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English Translation for the Minutes of Meeting-2

Today dated February 06, 2018, Tuesday, the socio-economic (household) survey and engineering survey works of Kanchanrup Water Supply & Sanitation Project with the support of WUSC members and beneficiaries has been started in the presence of the following participants:

S. No. Name of Person Designation

1 Mr. Raj Kumar Sah Chairman of Ward no.8 2 Mr. Arun Kumar Yadav Beneficiary, Ward no. 8 3 Mr. Tej Narayan Yadav Beneficiary, Ward no. 8 4 Mr. Baburam Dhakal Ward no. 8 5 Mr. Mohan Luitel Ward no. 8 6 Mr. Sanjaya Kumar Gupta Ward no. 8 7 Mr. Shrawan Yadav Ward no. 8 8 Mr. Narayan P. Timilsina Ward no. 12 9 Mr, Bhuvan Bdr. K.C Former VDC Chairman 10 Mr. Devi Bdr. Khatri Chairman of Ward no.12 11 Mr. Ananda Mohan Lal Das Team Leader, TAEC Consult P. Ltd. 12 Mr. Anil Kumar Yadav Engineer, TAEC Consult P. Ltd. 13 Mr. Ganesh Rayamajhi 14 Mr. Sunil Magar

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Minutes of Meeting-3

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Minutes of Meeting-4

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English Translation for the Minutes of Meeting -4

Today dated November 18, 2018, the presentation on the draft detailed engineering report on Urban Water Supply & Sanitation Project to be implemented in Kanchanrup Municipality prepared by TAEC Consult P. Ltd. has been conducted un the presence of the following participants under the presidency of Mayor of Kanchanrup Municipality , Mr. Basanta Mishra:

S. No. Name of Person Designation

1 Mr. Basanta Kumar Mishra Mayor, Kanchanrup Municipality 2 Mr. Ram Chandra Sah Project Director, PMO, Kathmandu 3 Mr. Hari Prasad Sharma Coordinator, DRTAC 4 Mr. Ankit Man Shrestha Engineer, RPMO, Itahari 5 Mr. Binod Chandra Devkota MD, TAEC Consult P. Ltd. 6 Mr. Shiva Adhikari Social Safeguard Specialist 7 Mr. Roshan Subedi GESI Specialist 8 Mr. Subash Raj Panta TDF 9 Mr. Binod Kumar Sharma Environmentalist 10 Mr. Peshal Kumar Pokharel Kanchanrup Municipality 11 Mr. Ashok Kumar K.C. 12 Mr. Jeet Bahadur Shrestha Kanchanrup 13 Ms. Sabita Neupane Dharampur 14 Ms. Bimala Devi Das Executive Member 15 Ms. Shanti Devi Yadav Executive Member 16 Ms. Kendula Jha Executive Member 17 Ms. Hemkumari Dhakal Nawadurga Saving Cooperatives Ltd. 18 Ms. Ishwori Pokharel Kanchanpur WUSC Member 19 Ms Nirmala Chaudhary Member of Ward no. 7 20 Mr. Liliya Ram Member of Ward no. 7 21 Ms. Asha Chaudhary Pipra Mahila Sabha Kishan Krishi Cooperatives Ltd., Ward no.5 22 Ms. Dil Kumari B.K. Dalit Women Member 23 Ms. Laxmi Shrestha Women Member 24 Ms. Mahadaiyaa Mandal Women Member 25 Ms. Samalu Sada Dalit Women Member 26 Ms. Mansa Devi Chaudhary Women Member 27 Ms. Sahajaadi Begam Shuvakamana Mahila Sahakari (Cooperatives ) Ltd. Rupnagar 28 Ms. Sarala Devi Shrestha WSUC Member 29 Ms. Chandrika Devi Dalit Ward Member 30 MS. Gita Devi Majhi Women Ward Member 31 Ms. Ranjana B. K. WUSC Member 32 Mr. Shyam Sundar Paswan Journalist 33 Mr. Bishnu Bahadur Karki Rupnagar WUSC Member 34 Mr. Ramananda Sardar Ward no.5 35 Mr. Kishor Paswan 36 Mr. Niranajan Prasad Sah Kanchanpur WUSC Member 37 Ms Radhika Basnet Dharampur, Ward no. 12 38 Mr. Bikram Bahadur Basnet Dharampur, Ward no. 12 39 Mr. Ganesh Bahadur Basnet Dharampur, Ward no. 12 40 Mr. Uttam Acharya Municipality Press Advisor 41 Mr. Dilli Khatri Kanchanrup-12

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S. No. Name of Person Designation

42 Ms. Laxmi Bhagat Executive Member 43 Mr. Devi Bahadur Khatri Ward no. 12 Chairman 44 Mr. Khilnath Pokharel Municipality Advisor 45 Mr. Bhuwan Bahadur K.C. Ward no. 12 46 Mr. Madhav Bhujel Ward no. 4 Member 47 Mr Dhanilal Chaudhary WUSC Member, Ward no. 4 48 Mr. Mohammad Karim Ward no. 12 Member 49 Mr. Birendra Narayan Chaudhary Ward no. 4 Member 50 Mr. Mehendi Hussain 51 Mr. Laxman Mandal Ward no. 8 52 Mr. Chandra Narayan Sah 53 Mr. Kalu Chaudhary 54 Mr. Lalit Sah 55 Mr. Prabhu Lal Yadav Ward no. 2 Member 56 Mr. Dinshwore Yadav Supervisor, Sarbodaya Suchana Kendra, Kanchanrup-5 57 Mr. Shrawan Kumar Bishwokarma 58 Mr. Anil Pokharel Jouranalist 59 Mr. Dev Narayan Shrestha 60 Mr. Madhu Narayan Shrestha 61 Ms. Kamala Adhikari 62 Mr. Chandra Narayan Shrestha 63 Mr. Surya Narayan Das 64 Mr. Tara Nanda Mallik Pincipal, Suryodaya Secondary School, Kanchanpur 65 Mr. Narayan Timilsina Kanchanrup-12 66 Mr. Jagarnath Mandal Secretary, Dharampur WUSC 67 Mr. Buddheshwore Prasad Majhi Vice Chairman, Dharampur WUSC 68 Mr. Binod Sardar Ward no.7 Member 69 Mr. Narayan Bahadur Mishra Ward no. 8 70 Ms. Bholi Devi Sardar Ward no. 11 Member 71 Mr. Amar Shrestha Secretary, RupnagarWUSC 72 Mr. Ramesh Dahal Kanchanpur 73 Mr. Mahendra Prasad Member, Kanchanpur WUSC 74 Mr. Ananda Prasad Chaudhary Vice Secretary, Kanchanpur WUSC 75 Mr. Mohammad JIbaril Miya Ward no. 11 Chairman

Proposals:

1. In regard to presentation of draft detailed engineering report ok Kanchanrup WSSP 2. In regard to the land required for the proposed project 3. In regard to the environmental assessment to be carried out during project construction 4. In regard to the collection of 5% upfront cash collection from the beneficiaries 5. In regard to the formation of WUSC comprising 9 members 6. In regard to the preparation of final DEDR

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Decisions:

The following decisions were made concerning the above-mentioned proposals:

1. As per the proposal no. 1, the presentation on the draft detailed engineering design report of Kanchanrup WSSP to be implemented under the ADB funding and grant of GoN that has been prepared after conducting detailed technical survey, socioeconomic survey and IEE study by TAEC Consult P. Ltd. has been carried out in the premises of Sarbodaya Secondary School and discussion in regard to this presentation were also made accordingly.

2. As per the proposal no. 2, while providing the land required for the proposed project components by the local water users, it is necessary to handover the land ownership through WUSC in accordance with the ADB Safeguard Policy. It is decided that the entire related documents of the land of the areas where the proposed pipeline shall be laid, shall be provided.

3. As per the proposal no. 3, according to the study on the possible environmental impacts during project construction, it is decided that the project activities looking into the anticipated environmental impacts and mitigating those impacts without affecting the environment shall be preceded.

4. As per the proposal no. 4, as per the strategy of the proposed project, it is required to collect 5% upfront cash from each household as a contribution. Hence, it is decided that the said amount by WUSC shall be collected within the required time.

5. As per to the proposal no. 5, it is decided that a single WUSC by integrating three existing WUSCs within 15 days from todays’ date shall be formed and the documents related to the WUSC formation shall be submitted to the proposed project.

6. As per the proposal no. 6, it is decided that the final detailed engineering design report shall be prepared and submitted to PMO accordingly as soon as possible after conducting detailed study along with the detailed cost estimation as per the district rate of this fiscal year considering the queries raised by the beneficiaries in today’s meeting.

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Minutes of Meeting-5

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English Translation for the Minutes of Meeting -5 Today dated April 10, 2019, the following mentioned participants are present in the meeting organized under the presidency of Mayor of Kanchanrup Municipality, Mr, Basanta Mishra in regard to the formation of Kanchanrup WUSC:

S. No. Name of Person Designation

1 Mr. Basant Kumar Mishra Mayor 2 Mr. Niru Pokhrel Deputy Mayor 3 Mr. Mohamad Karim Shaikh Ward Chairman 4 Mr. Mehendi Hussan Ward Chairman 5 Mr. Satya Narayan Sah Ward Chairman 6 Mr. Ram Narayan Prasad Sah Ward Chairman 7 Mr. Kailash Prasad Sah Ward Chairman 8 Mr. Jibiril Miya Ward Chairman 9 Mr. Harikrishna Mahato Ward Chairman 10 Mr. Raj Kumar Sah Ward Chairman 11 Mr. Laxman Yadav Ward Chairman 12 Mr. Mohammad Jibiril Ward Chairman 13 Mr. Dilip Kumar Chaudhary Ward Chairman 14 Mr. Devi Bdr. Khatri Ward Chairman 15 Ms. Shova Paswan Ward no. 8 16 Mr. Dik Bahadur Bishwokarma Dharampur, Ward no. 12 17 Mr. Ananda Prasad Chaudhary Ward No.4 18 Mr. Bhogendra Prasad Sah Ward no. 4 19 Mr. Lil Bahadur Magar Ward no. 12 Member 20 Mr. Kundan Kumar Sah Ward no. 4 21 Mr. Krishna Pd. Niraula Ward no. 12 22 Ms. Sima Kumari Sah Ward no. 8 23 Mr. Ghanshyam Yadav Ward no. 4 24 Mr. Bhola Kumar Thapa Ward no. 8 25 Mr. Mahesh Mandal Ward no. 8 26 Mr. Ritesh Prasman Ward no. 8 27 Mr. Uttam Acharya Press Advisor 28 Mr. Bikram Kumar Basnet Kanchanrup-12 29 Mr. Bhuban Bahadur K.C Kanchanrup-12 30 Mr. Gopal Niraula Kanchanrup-12 31 Mr. Hem Pd. Adhikari Kanchanrup-12 32 Mr. Ram Pd. Khatiwada Kanchanrup-12 33 Mr. Sagar Sah Ward no. 4 34 Mr. Anil Kumar Yadav Ward no. 4 35 Mr. Raj Kumar Yadav Ward no. 4 36 Mr. Pawan Kumar Yadav Ward no. 4 37 Mr. Indra Kumar Singh Ward no. 4 38 Ms. Shanti Devi Paswan Ward no. 8 39 Ms. Kisni Devi Paswan Ward no. 8 40 Ms. Pato Devi Paswan Ward no. 8 41 Ms. Sulekha Devi Paswan Ward no. 8 42 Mr. Dil Bahadur Thapa Ward no. 12 43 Mr. Durga Ishwor Ward no. 11 44 Mr. Devendra Khadka Ward no. 11 45 Mr. Bijaya Gupta Ward no. 8 46 Mr. Sachin Makh Ward no. 4 47 Ms. Laxmi Mandal Ward no. 4 48 Mr. Ram Lakhan Ram Ward no. 9

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S. No. Name of Person Designation

49 Mr. Bodhraj Pokharel Ward no. 8 50 Mr. Sanjay Kumar Paswan Ward no. 8 51 Ms. Laxmi Bhagat 52 Mr. Ram Dev Mandal Ward no. 11 53 Mr. Madhav Prasad Chaudhary Ward no. 7 54 Mr. Umeshwore Raut Ward no. 7 55 Mr. Binod Sah Ward no. 4 56 Mr. Sudambar Yadav Kanchanrup 57 Mr. Roshan Kumar Gupta Kanchanrup-8 58 Mr. Dev Kishan Khang Ward no. 4 59 Mr. Shiv Narayan Khang Ward no. 4 60 Mr. Jit Bahadur Shrestha Ward no. 12 61 Mr. Dilip Kumar Gupta Ward no. 10 62 Mr. Dhamendra Khadka Ward no. 11 63 Ms. Kalpana Chaudhary Ward no. 7 64 Ms. Ambika Devi Ram Ward no. 11 65 Mr. Balram Sah Ward no. 11 66 Mr. Lalit Sharma Ward no. 8 67 Mr. Gaganram Mohi

a) Proposal 1:

In regard to the formation of Kanchanrup WUSC at the municipal level

Decision:

As per the discussion in the proposal 1, the WUSC with the following mentioned members is formed unanimously for the water supply & sanitation project to be implemented under the ADB fund, loan support of TDF and the participation of the local beneficiaries: KANCHANRUP WUSC

S. No. Designation Name of Person Contact Number

1 Chairman Mr. Bhuvan Bahadur K.C. 9816738224 2 Vice Chairman Mr. Rameshwore Kaudagiya Yadav 3 Secretary Mr. Roshan Gupta 9824721455/985113635 4 Treasurer Ms. Kalpana Chaudhary 9825753609 5 Member Mr. Shiv Narayan Sah 6 Member Mr. Jeet Bahadur Shrestha 031-560001 /9813295809 7 Member Mr. Ram Dev Manadal 9806798186 8 Member Ms. Shanti Devi Paswan 9 Member Ms. Ambika Devi Chamaini

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Minutes of Meeting-6

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English Translation for the Minutes of Meeting -6

Today dated December 28, 2020, Monday, 9:00 A.M., the following mentioned proposals have been discussed and decisions were made accordingly in the presence of staffs of RPMO under the presidency of Chairman of Kanchanrup WUSC, Mr. Bhuvan Bahadur K.C.: Attendance

S. No. Name of Person Designation

1 Mr. Basanta Kumar Mishra Mayor 2 Mr. Bhuban Bdr. K.C Chairman, WUSC 3 Mr. Rameshwor Kaudagiya Yadav Vice Chairman, WUSC 4 Ms. Kalpana Chaudhary Treasurer, WUSC 5 Mr. Roshan Gupta Secretary, WUSC 6 Mr. Jit Bdr. Shrestha WUSC Member 7 Mr. Ram Dev Mandal WUSC Member 8 Ms. Ambika Ram WUSC Member 9 Ms. Shanti Devi Paswan WUSC Member 10 Mr. BauwaLal Chaudhary WUSC Member 11 Mr. Dakshya Narayan Shrestha Coordinator, Ward no. 9 12 Mr. Chhatra Narayan Shrestha Coordinator, Ward no. 12 13 Mr. Radhakrishna Gupta Coordinator, Ward no. 8 14 Mr. Shamsher Tamang Coordinator, Ward no. 7 15 Mr. Baidhya Nath Pd. Gupta Coordinator, Ward no. 4 16 Mr. Jagannath Mandal Coordinator, Ward no. 11 17 Mr. Arun Yadav Advisor 18 Mr. Narayan Bahadur Mishra Advisor 19 Mr. Jagdish Mandal Advisor 20 Mr. Devi Bahadur. Khatri Ward no. 12 21 Mr. Raj Kumar Sah Ward no. 8 Other Invitees 1 Mr. Shiva Adhikari 2 Mr. Susan Khatri 3 Mr. Balram Sah

Proposals: 1. Discussion on the social safeguard aspects 2. Preparation of the documents of the land required for the project 3. Discussion on the environmental aspects i) In regard to the impact from earthwork excavation & backfilling ii) In regard to the impact from the distribution of water extracted from boring iii) In regard to the permission to acquire the land for the use of boring, to be taken from the municipality 4. In regard to the collection of 5% upfront cash 5. Use of the components that have already been constructed 6. Discussion on the proposed pipeline that needs to be laid across the highway

Decisions: 1. During the implementation of the project, it is not allowed to construct the project components affecting the land of people and it has been decided to precede the project activities without affecting others.

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2. It has been decided to take approval from the concerned local authority to use the land required for the construction of the project components. However, there are some existing project components that are listed as follows: • Land in Ward no 8 of Kanchanrup Municipality is under the ownership of WUSC • Land in Ward no 12 of Kanchanrup Municipality (Rupnagar) is under the ownership of WUSC • Land in Ward no 12 of Kanchanrup Municipality(Dharampur) is under the ownership of WUSC 3. In regard to the discussion on the environmental aspects, it has been decided to precede the project activities by mitigating the environmental impacts anticipated during project construction phase like impacts from earthworks excavation and from boring. The project already has three existing tube well and requires 6 new tube wells. It has also been decided to construct the new boring/tube well and to use them along with the three existing ones as these tube wells do not have any local level impacts. It has been decided to take approval from the municipality to use 6 new boring/tube well except other three existing tube wells. 4. It has been decided to collect 5% upfront cash by WUSC at local level as soon as possible. 5. It has been decided to use the components related to water supply that are under construction, for this project. 6. During the pipe laying works across the East West Highway and Kanchanpur- Fattepur Road, it is decided either to use the existing culvert or to precede the pipeline alignment under the existing bridge if any, as far as possible and if any road excavation works need to be carried out, it is decided to take approval from Road Division Office through the recommendation of the local authority.

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Minutes of Meeting-7

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English Translation for the Minutes of Meeting -7

Today dated December 28, 2020, the following mentioned subjects have been discussed and decisions were made accordingly in the presence of Environmental & Social Experts from PMQAC of PMO, to precede the activities of this UWSSP, under the presidency of Mayor of Kanchanrup Municipality, Mr. Basanta Kumar Mishra: Attendance

S. No. Name of Person Designation

1 Mr. Basanta Kumar Mishra Mayor 2 Mr. Bhuban Bdr. K.C Chairman, WUSC 3 Mr. Devi Bahadur. Khatri Ward no. 12 4 Mr. Raj Kumar Sah Ward no. 8 5 Mr. Shiva Adhikari Social Expert, PMQAC 6 Mr. Arun Acharya Environmental Expert, PMQAC 7 Mr. Rameshwor Kaudagiya Yadav Vice Chairman, WUSC 8 Mr. Nawaraj Khadka Chief Administrative Officer

Discussed Subjects: 1. Discussion on various aspects of the project 2. In regard to the land required for the project 3. Discussion on the environmental aspects

Decisions: 1. While discussing on various aspects of the project, the subjects related to the land required for the project and the environmental impacts that may result during the project construction were discussed and the information in regard to these matters were delivered in detail from the experts of PMQAC and it has been decided by the municipality to show commitment to provide full support to precede the project construction activities. 2. While discussing on environmental and social aspects of the project, it is decided to precede the project considering mitigation measures for the environmental impacts without affecting the beneficiaries during the construction of various project components like OHT, Boring, Guard House, Generator House etc.

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Letter Regarding the Construction of Institutional Toilet

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English Translation Letter Regarding the Construction of Institutional Toilet

DURGA PRIMARY SCHOOL GORPAAR, KANCHANRUP MUNICIPALITY-11, SAPTARI ESTD. 2021 B.S. (1965 A.D.)

Letter No. 2077/078 Date: 2077/10/29 (11 February, 2021) Reference No.21

Subject: In Regard to the Construction of Toilet

To, The Urban Water Supply & Sanitation (Sector) Project Panipokhari, Kathmandu Nepal

As per the above-mentioned subject, this school will provide the required suitable land for the construction of Gender friendly institutional toilet under Urban Water Supply & Sanitation (Sector) Project within this school premises. The students of this school shall use this toilet only. After the construction of this toilet, the operation & maintenance works will be done by the school itself. If the septic tank is full, this school will itself manage the septage by disposing it into the excavated trench on its own land without having any impact on the environment. The land plot number and ward number of the location of the proposed institutional toilet is as follows:

Land Plot No Ward No. 672 9 Ka -Former Dhodhanpur VDC (Ward no.11 of Kanchanrup Municipality)

Principal Durga Primary School Gorpar, Saptari

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ANNEX K Chlorine Use Guidelines

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GUIDELINE VALUE

In humans and animals exposed to chlorine in drinking-water, specific adverse treatment related effects have not been observed.

Chlorine in drinking water is safe for consumption .The small amount of chlorine typically used to disinfect water does not pose risks to human health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established a guideline value of 5 mg/L for chlorine in drinking water, meaning that such concentrations are considered acceptable for lifelong human consumption. Furthermore, WHO concludes that this value is “conservative,” as no adverse effects from chlorine in drinking water were observed in studies reviewed by WHO.

Guideline values for chlorine WHO Guidelines for drinking water quality (2004) Chlorine below 5 milligrams per liter (mg/L)* *For effective disinfection, there should be a residual concentration of free chlorine of 0.5 mg/L after at least 30 min contact time at pH<8.0

Chlorination does not harm aquatic environments

Chlorinated drinking water is unlikely to be harmful when discharged into aquatic environments. An extensive risk assessment conducted under European Union guidelines examined potential harm from various processes to make drinking water using sodium hypochlorite. This assessment found no significant environmental risks from chlorine or byproducts formed during drinking water chlorination. The DBPs formed in drinking water depend on the nature and quantity of organic matter present as well as on the disinfectant and other treatments used. In drinking water the principal byproducts are trihalomethanes (THMs; mainly chloroform) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), with smaller amounts of other byproducts. Direct ‘whole effluent’ experiments representing various uses, including drinking water, have shown that no significant amounts of persistent and potentially bioaccumulative substances are formed. Toxicity tests on these mixtures demonstrated that the presence of DBPs did not increase the toxicity.

A major concern from the past was the formation of some highly-chlorinated, high-hazard molecules, such as dioxins, resulting from chlorine used in paper pulp bleaching. However, dioxins were only formed from ‘active chlorine’ under specific conditions: acid pH and in the presence of certain phenols such as those abundant in the lignin component of wood. There is no significant formation of dioxins or other high-hazard molecules at neutral or alkaline pH. All current uses of ‘active chlorine’ for microbial control and cleaning take place at alkaline or neutral pH.

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Annex L Water Quality Test Reports

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Annex M Photographs

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1. Existing OHT at Kanchanrup ward no 8, that will 2. Site visit and Inspection of Existing OHT and be used for proposed Kanchanrup system also Proposed deep boring sites together with WUSC

3. Proposed two deep boring sites at Kanchanpur 4. Existing WUSC compound at Rupnagar ward ward no 8 no 12

5. Existing Deep Boring Site & Guard House at 6. Existing Deep Boring Site & Guard House at Kanchanpur Sub System Rupnagar, that will be used for proposed Rupnagar system

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7. Proposed OHT 250 cum and deep boring site at 8. Proposed deep boring and office Building site

Rupnagar ward no 12 at Rupnagar ward no 12

9. Existing WUSC compound at Dharampur ward 10. Existing RVT at Proposed Dharampur Sub no 12 and existing GRVT 150 cum for proposed System Dharampur system

11. Proposed deep Boring location within 12. Existing WUSC compound at Dharampur Compound, Dharampur ward no 12 and existing 1, proposed 1 Deep Boring and existing guardhouse. Ward no 12.

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13. Existing deep boring at Dharampur, Ward no 14. Proposed deep boring site at Dharampur Ward 12, that will be used for proposed Dharampur no 12 system

15. Existing Guardhouse and Boring site visit with 16. Site visit and land area verified Rupnagar ward Chairman ward no 12.

17. Durga Primary School-Proposed Institutional 18. Proposed Location for Institutional Toilet Toilet Area

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19. Settlement Area (Ward no. 12) 20. Area to be traversed by the proposed transmission mains of Dharampur Sub System

21. Narrowest Road for Distribution Network 22. E-W Highway along which the proposed distribution network runs-Widest Road for Distribution Network

23. Proposed Alignment near Shankar Higher 24. Proposed Alignment near Primary Health Secondary School Center (Ward no. 8)

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25. Meeting with the locals during feasibility study 26. Draft DEDR Presentation

27. Draft DEDR Presentation 28. Community Consultation at Community hall of Municipality, December 26 2020

29. Community Consultation at community hall of 30. Kanchanrup Town Entrance Gate Municipality, December 26 2020

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Comment and Response Matrix Kanchanrup Water Supply & Sanitation Project, Saptari

S No. Comment/Suggestions Response Remarks 1 Check and rectify the package number for This has been incorporated. Please refer Cover Page this subproject.

2 Please confirm in the IEE report if this is This has been updated. Please refer Sixth row based on preliminary or final detailed of 2nd column of Table engineering design (DED). If II-VI of Chapter II, Page preliminary, indicate that the IEE shall be 32 updated based on the final DED;

3 Assess compliance with all subproject This has been updated. Please refer 1st, 2nd & 3rd selection criteria in the EARF. Please rows of S.N A of Table take note that the matrix in the draft IEE I-I of Section C of report does not include other criteria, Chapter I, Page 3,4 & 5 particularly the ones pertaining to ground water quality testing. Please see the first three criteria in Table 1 of the EARF. If these are not done (or cannot be done) under the present circumstances, please provide appropriate recommendations in the IEE report on how to comply with these at a later time but prior to finalization of detailed design and/or contract award for the package containing the WTP. Or, provide the course of action if future sampling of ground water quality testing will reveal non-compliance with other parameters such as arsenic, and therefore requires appropriate treatment. Will any provisional costs allocated be enough for additional treatment components of the WTP (in addition to pressure filtration and chlorination)?;

4 Assess compliance with the specific This has been updated. Please refer 11th row of criteria in Table 2 of the EARF that S.N B of Table I-I of pertains to Raw Water Extraction. The Section C of Chapter I, DEDR may have discussion on this, Page 9 which can be used in the IEE;

5 In relation to item (3) above, provide test This has been discussed. • Please refer 3rd row results for raw ground water from the of S.N A of Table I- Kanchanpur and Dharampur areas. Only I of Section C of test results for ground water from the Chapter I, Pages 4 Rupnagar is included. The IEE report & 5 mentions that there are existing tube

wells in Kanchanpur and Dharampur. • Please refer Lines Water samples can be taken out from 86, 87 & 88 of these wells or any nearby wells. It is Section B i. d) of

S No. Comment/Suggestions Response Remarks important to determine the quality of the Chapter IV, Page 46 groundwater to ensure that a WTP is properly designed. Pressure filtration and chlorination may not be sufficient if certain quality parameters, such as arsenic, etc., are above NDWQS; 6 Table IV-III shows the summary of This has been updated. Please refer SN 9 b), project components. However, this table Table IV-IV of Section does not include the public toilet that is D of Chapter IV, Page being discussed in other sections of the 68 IEE report. Please include this in the table; 7 Provide an assessment of the potential This has been incorporated. Please refer Lines 305, impact of the public toilet (here, 306 & 307 of Section B Institutional Toilet) and measures to be iii b) I) of Chapter VII, implemented (for example, how is it Page 113 designed to ensure that discharges from the septic tanks will not contaminate any receiving body of waters or canals in the area, and other measures); 8 Provide google earth maps showing the This has been included • Please refer Line 95 locations and immediate vicinities of the & Figures IV-III to project component sites, including the IV-V of Chapter IV, protected areas and bodies of water Pages 48 to 51 identified. Also include google earth

maps showing the alignments of • Please refer line 124 transmission mains and distribution & Figures IV-VI-IV- network. Include these maps in Section XI, Pages 56 to 62 IV or Section V where project components and description of environment are discussed, respectively; 9 Provide ground level photos of the This has been incorporated. Please refer Annex proposed locations and vicinities of the M(Note: Some photos in following (in addition to the photos in the previously submitted Annex L): report are not of good a. all existing and proposed deep tube wells, quality hence, these are b. service reservoirs, replaced by the fresh c. water treatment facilities, and clear ones) d. public toilet, e. areas to be traversed by the transmission mains, f. narrowest road/s for the distribution network, g. widest road/s for the distribution network, and h. all alignments that are adjacent or near sensitive institutions such as schools, healthcare centers, places of religious worship, and sites of physical cultural resources;

10 Include IBAT screening results; This has been included. Please refer Annex H

11 Assess land subsidence issue as potential This has been incorporated. Please refer Lines 286, 287, 288 & 289 of

S No. Comment/Suggestions Response Remarks impact of groundwater pumping; Section B i) c) I) of Chapter VII, Pages 110 & 111 12 Confirm if no trees will be cut along the There is no requirement of cutting trees Please refer Line 290, alignments of transmission mains and and it has been discussed in Chapter VII. Section B ii) a) I) of distribution network. If trees will be cut, Chapter VII, Page 111 provide the measures 13 Confirm if tractor for solid waste Yes, the tractor for SWM is a part of this • Please refer Line 123 management is part of this subproject as project. This has been described in in of Section B ii), mentioned in the IEE report. If not, Chapter IV Chapter IV, Page 56 please exclude • Please refer Section D, Table IV-IV,SN 9 b) of Chapter IV, Page 68 14 Include specific discussion in the IEE on This has been discussed briefly • Please refer Lines whether or not the project will impact 144 to 147 of Section these features (Protected B iv) of Chapter V, Areas/Biodiversity Areas), and what are Page 75 the measures to avoid or mitigate these • Please refer Figure impacts.(Comments via mail on 5 Feb V-I of Chapter V, 2021) Page 76 and • Please refer Lines 297, 298, 299 & 300 of Section B ii) a) III) of Chapter VII, Page 112 15 Based on discussions during 28 This has been discussed briefly. Please refer Section B December 2020, ensure to obtain iv) b)-IX of Chapter necessary permission from Road Division VII, Line 350, 3rd Point, Office if pipes will be laid under an Page 121 existing bridge in the area. (Refer to Minutes of Consultation Meeting on 28 December 2020) (Reminder in SAUW IEE Review - Information Log Sheet)

SAUW IEE Review - Information Log

Instructions: Provide information based on IEE submitted by Project Management Office (PMO). This IEE log sheet will serve as record of the review findings, comments, and/or further actions required during implementation. A copy of the IEE log sheet should be (i) provided to PMO for their record and guidance on actions during implementation; (ii) attached in the cleared IEE to be disclosed; (iii) used as reference for review of updated/final IEE and (iv) inputted in the SARD Safeguards Compliance Tracking System.

Project: Nepal: Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project (UWSSP): Kanchanrup (Saptari District) Water Supply and Sanitation Subproject Loan No.: 3711 Package No.: W12

Components: Items Description Source Characteristics Source Name Ground water Source Type Deep Tube well Source Location Within the service area at 3 location ( Rupnagar, Kanchanpur, Dharampur) Type of Structures Proposed intakes/ tube well 9 deep tubewells at three locations/ within the service area: Rupnagar: 1 existing; 2 new Kanchanpur: 1 existing ; 2 new Dharampur: 1 existing; 2 new Pumping details Rupnagar: 3 nos. @40HP Kanchanpur: 3 nos. @ 45HP Dharampur: 3 nos. @ 12.5HP Water treatment plant Pressure Filter followed by disinfection Rupnagar: 2 set (10-20lps, having total at least 30lps) Kanchanpur: 2 set (15-20lps, having total at least 35lps) Dharampur: 1 set (12-20lps, having at least 15lps) Ground Reservoir / Overhead Rupnagar: OHT 250 cu.m., new Reservoir (No and Capacity in Kanchanrup: OHT 450 cu.m. construction complete except CUM) pipe and fittings (existing) Dharampur: GR 150 cu.m., existing Deep boring platform (No.) Rupnagar: 3 Kanchanpur: 3 Dharampur: 3 Valve Chamber (Bricks/RCC) 24 Nos. Pipe valve box 89Nos.

Office Cum GH (O1),Guard Rupnagar: House (G1), Guard House Office building -1 no.; Generator house -1 no.; Dosing station-1 cum store (G2),Dosing House no.; Compressor house, Boundary wall (partial length) (DH), Generator House cum store(GH), Kanchanpur: Boundary wall (BW) Guard house (G1) - 1 no.; Generator house – 1 no.; Dosing station – 1 no.; Compressor house, Boundary wall (partial length)

Dharampur Guard house G2 – 1 no. at RVT site; At existing tubewell site Generator house – 1 no., Dosing station – 1 no., Compressor house, Boundary wall Household Connection (no) 4,464 Connection for institutions(no) 39 Fire Hydrant (no) 9 Khola crossing (no) 3 Length of pipe in transmission 2,275.00 m main (from tube well to GR/ OHT) Length of pipe in Distribution 122,906.00 m pipe line Washout pipe from RVTs 450.00 m Total pipe length (m) 125,631.00m

Number of DMAs Rupnagar: 2 Kanchanpur: 2 Dharampur: 2

Contract Civil Works Type: Date of IEE: January 2021

Draft IEE? Updated/Revised IEE? Others The IEE report does not mention if the detailed engineering design is final.

For immediate action: Please confirm in the IEE report that it is based on preliminary DED. Please indicate that the IEE shall be updated based on the final DED.

Activity Status Detailed Comments and Further Actions Required 1. Environmental Yes No For immediate action: assessment has been ?? Revise the IEE report to include: satisfactorily conducted (i) Assessment of compliance based on ADB REA with all subproject selection Checklist and scoping criteria in the EARF. Please checklist.1 take note that the matrix in the draft IEE report does not include other criteria, particularly the ones pertaining to ground water quality testing. Please see the first three criteria in Table 1 of the EARF. If these are not done (or cannot be done) under the present circumstances, please provide appropriate recommendations in the IEE report on how to comply with these at a later time but prior to finalization of detailed design and contract award for the package containing the WTP. Or, provide the course of action if future sampling of ground water quality testing reveal non-compliance with other parameters such as arsenic? Will any provisional costs allocated be enough for additional treatment components of the WTP?;

1 ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist for screening and categorization. Scoping Checklist (“No Mitigation Scenario” Checklist) for scope of IEE, identification of impacts and development of environmental management plan. Activity Status Detailed Comments and Further Actions Required (ii) Assessment of compliance with the specific criteria in Table 2 of the EARF that pertains to Raw Water Extraction. The DEDR may have discussion on this, which can be used in the IEE. (iii) Results of testing of raw ground water from the Kanchanpur and Dharampur areas. Only test results for ground water from the Rupnagar is included. The IEE report mentions that there are existing tube wells in Kanchanpur and Dharampur. Water samples can be taken out from these wells. It is important to determine the quality of the groundwater to ensure that the WTP is properly designed. Pressure filtration and chlorination may not be sufficient if certain quality parameters, such as arsenic, are above NDWQS. (iv) Table IV-III shows the summary of project components. However, this table does not include the public toilet that is being discussed in other sections of the IEE report. Please include this in the table. (v) Assessment of the potential impact of the public toilet and measures to be implemented (for example, how is it designed to ensure that discharges from the septic tanks will not contaminate any receiving body of waters or canals in the area). (vi) Google earth maps showing the locations and immediate vicinities of the project component sites, including the protected areas and bodies of water identified. Also include google earth maps showing the alignments of transmission mains and distribution network. Include these maps in Section IV or Section V where project components and description of environment are discussed, respectively. (vii) Ground level photos of the proposed locations and vicinities of the following (in Activity Status Detailed Comments and Further Actions Required addition to the photos in Annex L): - all existing and proposed deep tube wells, - service reservoirs, - water treatment facilities, - public toilet, - areas to be traversed by the transmission mains, - narrowest road/s for the distribution network, - widest road/s for the distribution network, and - all alignments that are adjacent or near sensitive institutions such as schools, healthcare centers, places of religious worship, and sites of physical cultural resources. (viii) IBAT screening results. (Note: If access to IBAT is not available for PMO, please provide to ADB the GPS coordinates of the 3 project sites so these can be run. Results of the IBAT will be provided immediately.) (ix) Assessment of land subsidence as potential impact of groundwater pumping. Please include discussion of this important likely impact of ground water extraction in Section V and Section VII. Are there structures, settlements or agricultural lands around the pumping sites that could be affected in the future? 2. Environmental Yes No See above comments. assessment based on ?? latest project components and design 3. Statutory Requirements2 Forest Clearance The IEE report mentions that there will be no tree cutting/felling at the tube well areas.

For immediate action: Please confirm if no trees will be cut along the alignments of transmission mains and distribution network.

For next step: If trees will be cut, ensure that PMO/RPMO obtain appropriate clearance (forest clearance or tree

2 If applicable, include date accomplished or obtained. Activity Status Detailed Comments and Further Actions Required cutting clearance), including for any other unanticipated cutting of trees during the design and pre- construction phase. No civil works will commence unless forest clearance or tree cutting clearance, if required, is obtained. PMO to report status in the SEMR. No Objection Certificate To be obtained by PMO/RPMO if needed. No civil works will commence unless NOC, if required, is obtained. PMO to report status in the SEMR. Site Location Clearance To be obtained by PMO/RPMO if needed. No civil works will commence unless site location clearance, if required, is obtained. PMO to report status in the SEMR. Environmental Compliance Per new EPR 2020, the subproject Certificate does not require an IEE. Permit to Construct (or equivalent) To be obtained by PMO/RPMO if needed. No civil works will commence unless permit to construct (or equivalent), if required, is obtained. PMO to report status in the SEMR.

Reminder: Based on discussions during 28 December 2020, ensure to obtain necessary permission from Road Division Office if pipes will be laid under an existing bridge in the area. (Refer to Minutes of Consultation Meeting on 28 December 2020) Permit to Operate (or equivalent) To be obtained during operation phase. No operations will commence unless permit to operate (or equivalent), if required, is obtained. PMO to report status in appropriate SEMR in the future. Others 5. Policy, legal, and Adequate Not Adequate Section II discusses the policy, administrative framework X legal and administrative Included discussions and requirements of framework of the subproject. the: Yes National regulation/law on EIA Yes Environmental agency Yes Relevant international environmental agreements Yes Environmental standards (IFC’s EHS Guidelines) 6. Anticipated environmental assessed impacts and mitigation impacts and mitigation risks: measures measures included: Yes No n/a Activity Status Detailed Comments and Further Actions Required ?? Biodiversity The IEE report mentions about a conservation protected area/Ramsar site around the vicinity of one of the project sites.

For immediate action: Revise the IEE report include the following: (i) Complete IBAT proximity results. (ii) Include a map in Section IV showing the project sites and the protected areas that may be identified in the IBAT, including the protected area/Ramsar site mentioned in the IEE report. Pollution X Pollution prevention measures are prevention and included. abatement Health and X Community and occupational safety health and safety measures are included. Physical X The IEE report mentions that no cultural PCRs will be affected resources Cumulative X impacts Transboundary X impacts 7. Impacts from Associated Addressed Not Not Facilities3 Addressed applicable X 8. Analysis of Alternatives Yes No Included but not required. X 9. EMP budget included Yes No Section X provides indicative total X EMP budget of NPR 3,890,000, of which about NPR 1,000,000 is to be contractors’ cost and the balance to be borne by either PMO or PMQAC/DSMC (Consultants).

10. EMP implementation Yes No (i) Included in PAM during loan integrated in FAM/PAM X processing. and bid documents (ii) Section X includes discussion on the inclusion of the EMP in the bid and contract documents. PMO and the RPMO will have the responsibility to ensure compliance with this requirement. 11. Consultation and Yes No (i) Section VIII summarizes the Participation X results of consultation conducted from 2018 to 2020

3 ADB SPS (Appendix 1 para 6) defines associated facilities as not funded as part of the project (funding may be provided separately by the borrower/client or by third parties), and whose viability and existence depend exclusively on the project and whose goods or services are essential for successful operation of the project. Activity Status Detailed Comments and Further Actions Required

(ii) Annex I includes the minutes of meetings.

For next step: Conduct continuous consultation activities with all stakeholders, and discuss all pending issues submitted or communicated by stakeholders during the previous consultations. 12. Grievance Redress Yes No Mechanism X Description of GRM. Section IX discusses the GRM. GRC members identified. Section IX discusses the GRC membership. GRM established and notified? GRM is established.

For next step: PMO to confirm in the SEMR that (i) GRM is notified and GRC members have the capacity to address project-related grievances/complaints, and (ii) contractors are given instructions and orientation on GRM. 13. Disclosure To be Endorsement to disclose on ADB To be complied after endorsement complied website from PMO is received by ADB. To be Disclosed on project website To be complied by PMO once complied clearance of the IEE is received from ADB. To be Relevant information available to To be complied by PMO once complied stakeholders and affected people in clearance of the IEE is received language and form they understand. from ADB. 14. Mobilized PMO Yes No This is confirmed in the SEMR for Environment Specialist X January – June 2019. Reconfirmed during review missions. 15. Mobilized RPMO Yes No This is confirmed in the SEMR for Environment Specialist X January – June 2019. Reconfirmed during review missions. 16. Mobilized PMQAC / Yes No This is confirmed in the SEMR for DRTAC Environment X January – June 2019. Specialists Reconfirmed during review missions. 17. Mobilized DSMC/RDMSC Yes No This is confirmed in the SEMR for Environment Specialists X January – June 2019. Reconfirmed during review missions. 18. Confirm bid and contract Yes No documents and/or EMP X Section X explains this role and include requirement for responsibility of the contractor. the contractor to appoint EHS supervisor and/or nodal person for environment safeguards 19. If contract awarded Yes No Activity Status Detailed Comments and Further Actions Required already, confirm X This package is not yet awarded. contractor’s appointment But Section X explains that of EHS supervisor and/or contractor has the responsibility to nodal person for appoint an environment environmental safeguards supervisor. 20. Awareness training on Yes No Section X discusses the compliance to safeguard X institutional capacity development requirements program, schedule, and topics for the subproject. 21. Monitoring and Reporting Yes No X Section XI clarifies the monitoring and reporting roles of stakeholders.

22. Others/Remarks Confirm if tractor for solid waste management is part of this subproject as mentioned in the IEE report. If not, please exclude. Documents/References: 1. IEE report of Kanchanrup Subproject 2. EARF of UWSSP.