The Network Is the Infection: Botnet Detection and Response
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Lithium Hosting, Llc
Lithium Hosting, llc Acceptable Use Policy This Acceptable Use Policy ("AUP") governs your use of the Services and is incorporated by reference into Lithium Hosting, llc's Customer Master Agreement / Terms of Service. Unless otherwise stated, defined terms in this AUP have the meanings provided in the Terms of Service. Lithium Hosting, llc may modify this document at any time without notice. This document sets forth the principles, guidelines and requirements of the Acceptable Use Policy of Lithium Hosting, llc ("Company") governing the use by the Customer ("Customer") of the Company's products and services ("Products and Services"). The Purpose of the Lithium Hosting, llc Acceptable Use Policy, hereinafter referred to as the AUP, is to comply with all federal, state, and local laws coupled with protecting the network security, network availability, physical security, Customer privacy, and other factors affecting the services provided by Lithium Hosting, llc. Lithium Hosting, llc reserves the right to impose reasonable rules and regulations regarding the use of its services provided to all Customers and such rules and regulations are subject to change. Such rules and regulations are located on the Internet at https://lithiumhosting.com/acceptable-use-policy. The AUP is not an all inclusive exhaustive list and Lithium Hosting, llc reserves the right to modify the AUPs at any time as needed, effective upon either the posting of the modified AUPs to https://lithiumhosting.com/acceptable-use-policy or notification to the Customer via their client portal. Acceptance and execution of the Customer Master Agreement / Terms of Service binds all parties to Lithium Hosting, llc stated AUP at the time the contract is executed and as modified from time to time. -
Informational Internet Relay
Network Working Group C. Kalt Request for Comments: 2813 April 2000 Updates: 1459 Category: Informational Internet Relay Chat: Server Protocol Status of this Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000). All Rights Reserved. Abstract While based on the client-server model, the IRC (Internet Relay Chat) protocol allows servers to connect to each other effectively forming a network. This document defines the protocol used by servers to talk to each other. It was originally a superset of the client protocol but has evolved differently. First formally documented in May 1993 as part of RFC 1459 [IRC], most of the changes brought since then can be found in this document as development was focused on making the protocol scale better. Better scalability has allowed existing world-wide networks to keep growing and reach sizes which defy the old specification. Kalt Informational [Page 1] RFC 2813 Internet Relay Chat: Server Protocol April 2000 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................... 3 2. Global database ............................................ 3 2.1 Servers ................................................ 3 2.2 Clients ................................................ 4 2.2.1 Users ............................................. 4 2.2.2 Services .......................................... 4 2.3 Channels .............................................. -
Machine Learning and Cybersecurity: Studying Network Behaviour to Detect Anomalies
Machine Learning and Cybersecurity: Studying network behaviour to detect anomalies Jiawen Chen July 25, 2018 MSc in High Performance Computing with Data Science The University of Edinburgh Year of Presentation: 2018 Abstract Cybersecurity is an indispensable part of the Internet nowadays as almost everything can be connected by Internet. Individual privacy and property will face great danger if they are attacked by malware. This project aims to use the machine learning knowledge to build a classifier that can detect malware behaviour and avoid further damage to the network and its entity. The dataset used in this project is the CTU-13 dataset[1], which is NetFlow traffic from the normal, malware infected and background hosts. The classifier is built with the labelled normal and infected NetFlow, then applied to the unlabelled background NetFlow. This project follows the O’Neil & Schutt data science process[7] to process the data. The data is cleaned and processed, then aggregate based on time window to create a new dataset with the extracted features. This new dataset is the inputs of the following machine learning classification model: logistic regression, decision tree and random forest. Random forest model with an optimal threshold turns out to be the best model with an accuracy of 0.946 on the test dataset. Further application with this model is also implemented to the background traffic to detect potential malware. Keywords: Cybersecurity, NetFlow, Data science, Machine learning, Model building Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... -
Ubuntu Server Guide Ubuntu Server Guide Copyright © 2010 Canonical Ltd
Ubuntu Server Guide Ubuntu Server Guide Copyright © 2010 Canonical Ltd. and members of the Ubuntu Documentation Project3 Abstract Welcome to the Ubuntu Server Guide! It contains information on how to install and configure various server applications on your Ubuntu system to fit your needs. It is a step-by-step, task-oriented guide for configuring and customizing your system. Credits and License This document is maintained by the Ubuntu documentation team (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam). For a list of contributors, see the contributors page1 This document is made available under the Creative Commons ShareAlike 2.5 License (CC-BY-SA). You are free to modify, extend, and improve the Ubuntu documentation source code under the terms of this license. All derivative works must be released under this license. This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AS DESCRIBED IN THE DISCLAIMER. A copy of the license is available here: Creative Commons ShareAlike License2. 3 https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-core-doc 1 ../../libs/C/contributors.xml 2 /usr/share/ubuntu-docs/libs/C/ccbysa.xml Table of Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1. Support .......................................................................................................................... 2 2. Installation ............................................................................................................................ -
Botnets, Zombies, and Irc Security
Botnets 1 BOTNETS, ZOMBIES, AND IRC SECURITY Investigating Botnets, Zombies, and IRC Security Seth Thigpen East Carolina University Botnets 2 Abstract The Internet has many aspects that make it ideal for communication and commerce. It makes selling products and services possible without the need for the consumer to set foot outside his door. It allows people from opposite ends of the earth to collaborate on research, product development, and casual conversation. Internet relay chat (IRC) has made it possible for ordinary people to meet and exchange ideas. It also, however, continues to aid in the spread of malicious activity through botnets, zombies, and Trojans. Hackers have used IRC to engage in identity theft, sending spam, and controlling compromised computers. Through the use of carefully engineered scripts and programs, hackers can use IRC as a centralized location to launch DDoS attacks and infect computers with robots to effectively take advantage of unsuspecting targets. Hackers are using zombie armies for their personal gain. One can even purchase these armies via the Internet black market. Thwarting these attacks and promoting security awareness begins with understanding exactly what botnets and zombies are and how to tighten security in IRC clients. Botnets 3 Investigating Botnets, Zombies, and IRC Security Introduction The Internet has become a vast, complex conduit of information exchange. Many different tools exist that enable Internet users to communicate effectively and efficiently. Some of these tools have been developed in such a way that allows hackers with malicious intent to take advantage of other Internet users. Hackers have continued to create tools to aid them in their endeavors. -
Exinda Applications List
Application List Exinda ExOS Version 6.4 © 2014 Exinda Networks, Inc. 2 Copyright © 2014 Exinda Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. No parts of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems - without the written permission of the publisher. Products that are referred to in this document may be either trademarks and/or registered trademarks of the respective owners. The publisher and the author make no claim to these trademarks. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, the publisher and the author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of information contained in this document or from the use of programs and source code that may accompany it. In no event shall the publisher and the author be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this document. Document Built on Tuesday, October 14, 2014 at 5:10 PM Documentation conventions n bold - Interface element such as buttons or menus. For example: Select the Enable checkbox. n italics - Reference to other documents. For example: Refer to the Exinda Application List. n > - Separates navigation elements. For example: Select File > Save. n monospace text - Command line text. n <variable> - Command line arguments. n [x] - An optional CLI keyword or argument. n {x} - A required CLI element. n | - Separates choices within an optional or required element. © 2014 Exinda Networks, Inc. -
Ubuntu Server Guide Ubuntu Server Guide Copyright © 2016 Contributors to the Document
Ubuntu Server Guide Ubuntu Server Guide Copyright © 2016 Contributors to the document Abstract Welcome to the Ubuntu Server Guide! It contains information on how to install and configure various server applications on your Ubuntu system to fit your needs. It is a step-by-step, task-oriented guide for configuring and customizing your system. Credits and License This document is maintained by the Ubuntu documentation team (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam). A list of contributors is below. This document is made available under the Creative Commons ShareAlike 3.0 License (CC-BY-SA). You are free to modify, extend, and improve the Ubuntu documentation source code under the terms of this license. All derivative works must be released under this license. This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AS DESCRIBED IN THE DISCLAIMER. A copy of the license is available here: Creative Commons ShareAlike License1. Contributors to this document are: • Members of the Ubuntu Documentation Project2 • Members of the Ubuntu Server Team3 • Contributors to the Community Help Wiki4 • Other contributors can be found in the revision history of the serverguide5 and ubuntu-docs6 bzr branches available on Launchpad. 1 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ 2 https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-core-doc 3 https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-server 4 https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ 5 https://bazaar.launchpad.net/~ubuntu-core-doc/serverguide/trunk/changes 6 https://bazaar.launchpad.net/~ubuntu-core-doc/ubuntu-docs/trunk/changes Table of Contents 1. -
Open Source Used in Cisco 910 Industrial Router 1.1
Open Source Used In Cisco 910 Industrial Router 1.1 Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com Cisco has more than 200 offices worldwide. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco website at www.cisco.com/go/offices. Text Part Number: 78EE117C99-67490505 Open Source Used In Cisco 910 Industrial Router 1.1 1 This document contains licenses and notices for open source software used in this product. With respect to the free/open source software listed in this document, if you have any questions or wish to receive a copy of any source code to which you may be entitled under the applicable free/open source license(s) (such as the GNU Lesser/General Public License), please contact us at [email protected]. In your requests please include the following reference number 78EE117C99-67490505 Contents 1.1 bridge-utils 1.5 1.1.1 Available under license 1.2 busybox 1.20.2 1.2.1 Available under license 1.3 curl 7.32.0 1.3.1 Available under license 1.4 dhcp 4.1-ESV-R8 1.4.1 Available under license 1.5 ebtables v2.0.10-4 1.5.1 Available under license 1.6 eventlog 0.2.12 :1.el6 1.6.1 Available under license 1.7 expat 2.1.0 1.7.1 Available under license 1.8 flex 2.5.37 1.8.1 Available under license 1.9 glib 2.38.2 1.9.1 Available under license 1.10 hostapd 0.7.3 1.10.1 Available under license 1.11 iproute2 3.7.0 1.11.1 Available under license 1.12 ipsec-tools 0.8.0 1.12.1 Available under license 1.13 iptables 1.4.18 1.13.1 Available under license Open Source Used In Cisco 910 Industrial Router 1.1 2 1.14 ipv6calc 0.92.0 -
Static Security Analysis Based on Input-Related Software Faults
Static security analysis based on input-related software faults Csaba Nagy Spiros Mancoridis Department of Software Engineering Department of Computer Science University of Szeged Drexel University Szeged, Hungary Philadelphia, USA [email protected] [email protected] Abstract scanning tool is available, it is difficult to locate security faults during a code review: in general, a good code review It is important to focus on security aspects during the can uncover around 50% of the security problems [9]. development cycle to deliver reliable software. However, This paper presents an approach to helping developers locating security faults in complex systems is difficult and locate faults that are related to security by identifying parts there are only a few effective automatic tools available to of the source code that involve user input. The focus is on help developers. In this paper we present an approach to the input-related parts of the source code, since attackers help developers locate vulnerabilities by marking parts of commonly exploit security vulnerabilities by passing mal- the source code that involve user input. We focus on input- formed input data to applications. Mishandling input data related code, since an attacker can usually take advantage can be a source of common security faults in many lan- of vulnerabilities by passing malformed input to the appli- guages that support pointer arithmetic such as C and C++. cation. The main contributions of this work are two metrics Examples of security faults are buffer overflows, format to help locate faults during a code review, and algorithms to string vulnerabilities, and integer overflows [19]. -
(Computer-Mediated) Communication
Submitted by Dipl-Ing. Robert Ecker Submitted at Analysis of Computer- Department of Telecooperation Mediated Discourses Supervisor and First Examiner Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Focusing on Automated Gabriele Anderst-Kotsis Second Examiner Detection and Guessing o. Univ.-Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Michael Schrefl of Structural Sender- August 2017 Receiver Relations Doctoral Thesis to obtain the academic degree of Doktor der technischen Wissenschaften in the Doctoral Program Technische Wissenschaften JOHANNES KEPLER UNIVERSITY LINZ Altenbergerstraße 69 4040 Linz, Osterreich¨ www.jku.at DVR 0093696 Kurzfassung Formen der computervermittelten Kommunikation (CvK) sind allgegenwärtig und beein- flussen unser Leben täglich. Facebook, Myspace, Skype, Twitter, WhatsApp und YouTube produzieren große Mengen an Daten - ideal für Analysen. Automatisierte Tools für die Diskursanalyse verarbeiten diese enormen Mengen an computervermittelten Diskursen schnell. Diese Dissertation beschreibt die Entwicklung und Struktur einer Software- Architektur für ein automatisiertes Tool, das computervermittelte Diskurse analysiert, um die Frage “Wer kommuniziert mit wem?” zu jedem Zeitpunkt zu beantworten. Die Zuweisung von Empfängern zu jeder einzelnen Nachricht ist ein wichtiger Schritt. Direkte Adressierung hilft, wird aber nicht in jeder Nachricht verwendet. Populäre Kommunikationsmodelle und die am weitesten verbreiteten CvK-Systeme werden untersucht. Das zugrunde liegende Kommunikationsmodell verdeutlicht die wesentlichen Elemente von CvK und zeigt, wie diese Kommunikation -
Strong Dependencies Between Software Components
Specific Targeted Research Project Contract no.214898 Seventh Framework Programme: FP7-ICT-2007-1 Technical Report 0002 MANCOOSI Managing the Complexity of the Open Source Infrastructure Strong Dependencies between Software Components Pietro Abate ([email protected]) Jaap Boender ([email protected]) Roberto Di Cosmo ([email protected]) Stefano Zacchiroli ([email protected]) Universit`eParis Diderot, PPS UMR 7126, Paris, France May 24, 2009 Web site: www.mancoosi.org Contents 1 Introduction . .2 2 Strong dependencies . .3 3 Strong dependencies in Debian . .7 3.1 Strong vs direct sensitivity: exceptions . .9 3.2 Using strong dominance to cluster data . 11 3.3 Debian is a small world . 11 4 Efficient computation . 12 5 Applications . 13 6 Related works . 16 7 Conclusion and future work . 17 8 Acknowledgements . 18 A Case Study: Evaluation of debian structure . 21 Abstract Component-based systems often describe context requirements in terms of explicit inter-component dependencies. Studying large instances of such systems|such as free and open source software (FOSS) distributions|in terms of declared dependencies between packages is appealing. It is however also misleading when the language to express dependencies is as expressive as boolean formulae, which is often the case. In such settings, a more appropriate notion of component dependency exists: strong dependency. This paper introduces such notion as a first step towards modeling semantic, rather then syntactic, inter-component relationships. Furthermore, a notion of component sensitivity is derived from strong dependencies, with ap- plications to quality assurance and to the evaluation of upgrade risks. An empirical study of strong dependencies and sensitivity is presented, in the context of one of the largest, freely available, component-based system. -
Irc: Why It Failed Irc: Why It Failed
CADEY IRC: WHY IT FAILED IRC: WHY IT FAILED INTRODUCTION ▸ Cadey - https://christine.website/contact ▸ Xe on GitHub: https://github.com/Xe ▸ Former handles: Niichan, shadowh511, Xena ▸ Any opinions expressed in this talk are my own and not the opinions of any group I am affiliated with, including my employer. IRC: WHY IT FAILED IRC: INTERNET RELAY CHAT ▸ RFC 1459 ▸ Each message is an individual line of text, terminated by \r\n ▸ :source COMMAND par1 par2 parn :extended parameter ▸ IRCv3 adds tags @foo=bar ▸ Numerical status codes with error messages ▸ Vendor-dependent IRC: WHY IT FAILED IRC: INTERNET RELAY CHAT ▸ Clients joining and parting channels and servers didn't have much state ▸ Server to server links didn't have much state either ▸ ChanServ / NickServ + ircd improvements to hack around it ▸ Users had to manually log in with additional client configuration that differed by network IRC: WHY IT FAILED SERVER TO SERVER LINKING IRC: WHY IT FAILED SERVER TO SERVER LINKING ▸ When the connection between any two irc daemons hiccups or resets for any reason, the other side instantly gives up and removes all of the information about all of the clients and channels that server had ▸ The server network "splits" into two networks until it heals. ▸ Netsplit ▸ Most IRC daemons have nondeterministic linking protocols IRC: WHY IT FAILED EXAMPLE SESSION (EDITED FOR BREVITY) > NICK NotCadey > USER Cadey * * :Cadey Orca < :luna.local 001 NotCadey :Welcome to the Internet Relay Network NotCadey! < :luna.local 002 :Your host is luna.local < :luna.local