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Salmo Kottelati, Alakır Akarsuyu'ndan, Güney Anadolu, Türkiye'de Akdeniz

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Salmo Kottelati, Alakır Akarsuyu'ndan, Güney Anadolu, Türkiye'de Akdeniz Salmo kottelati, Alakır Akarsuyu’ndan, Güney Anadolu, Türkiye'de Akdeniz'e dökülen, yeni bir alabalık türü (Teleostei, Salmonidae) Davut Turan¹, Esra Doğan¹, Cüneyt Kaya¹, Mahir Kanyılmaz² l Recep Tayyip Erdogan Üniversitesi, Balıkçılık ve Su Bilimleri Fakültesi, 53100 Rize, Türkiye 2 Akdeniz Su Ürünleri Araştırma Üretme ve Eğitim Enstitüsü, 07000, Antalya, Türkiye Sorumlu yazar: Davut Turan ([email protected]) Akademik editör: N. Bogutskaya | 26 Haziran 2014 tarihinde Alındı| 13 Kasım 2014 tarihinde Kabul Edildi | 10 Aralık 2014 tarihinde Yayınlandı http://zoobank.org/AABC88CB-9091-4E07-99C8-7771964434B4 Alıntı: Turan D, Doğan E, Kaya C, Kanyılmaz M (2014) Salmo kottelati, Alakır Akarsuyu’ndan, Güney Anadolu, Türkiye'de Akdeniz'e dökülen, yeni bir alabalık türü (Teleostei, Salmonidae). ZooKeys 462: 135–151. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.462.8177 Özet Salmo kottelati sp. n., Türkiye’deki Alakır Akarsuyu’ndan (Akdeniz havzası) tanımlanmıştır. Diğer Anadolu Salmo türlerinden aşağıda belirtilen karakteristiklerin kombinasyonu ile ayırt edilmektedir (türe özgü olmayan): hayattayken/canlıyken genel gövde rengi yeşilimsiden gümüşiye doğru; 7–9 parmak boyu (par imi) uzunluğunda yanal çizgiler; her iki cinsiyette de yan taraflarında eksik olan 4 koyu şerit; 160 mm SL’den küçük olanlarda, yüzgecin sadece üst kısmında bulunan göze benzeyen benek şeklinde birkaç siyah nokta, ancak daha büyük olan hem erkek hem de dişilerde çok sayıda siyah benek bulunmaktadır ve yüzgecin arkasında ve ortasında ve de üst tarafında yer almaktadırlar; birkaç taneden çok sayıdaya kadar sayısı değişebilen kırmızı benekler, orta tarafta ve yüzgecin alt ve üst taraflarının yarısına dağılmış şekilde; kafa uzunluğu (uzunluğu erkeklerde 29–33% SL, dişilerde 26–32); ağız genişliği (ağız açıklığının uzunluğu erkeklerde 13–19% SL, dişilerde 12–15); çene uzunluğu (uzunluğu erkeklerde 10– 13% SL, dişilerde 8–12); 105–113 yanal çizgi skalaları; 24–29 yanal çizgi ve sırt yüzgeci başlangıç noktası arasındaki skala sıraları, 17–19 yanal çizgi ve anüs yüzgeci başlangıç noktası arasındaki skala sıraları; 13–15 yanal çizgi ve adipoz (yağ) yüzgeci arasındaki skala. Anahtar Kelimeler Anadolu, balık dağılımı, taksonomi (türüne göre sınıflandırma), Salmo (Alabalık), yeni türler ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ % Telif Davut Turan ve diğerleri. Bu makale, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (4.0 TARAFINDAN KK) ko$ulları altında da"ıtılan ve itibar edilen özgün yazar ve kayna"ının belirtilmesi kaydıyla herhangi bir ortamda sınırsız kullanılmasına, da"ıtılmasına ve ço"altılmasına izin verilen, eri$ime açık bir makaledir. Giriş Salmo trutta (Deniz alası) Linnaeus, 1758 uzun süre, yaygın olarak Avrupa ve Ortado"u boyunca da"ılıp Atlas Menzili’nin (Fas, Cezayir) güney ve güney-do"usuna ve Afganistan'daki Amu-Darya Nehri’nin yukarı kısmına ula$an bir polimorfik (çok biçimli) tür olarak kabul edilmi$tir (Kottelat 1997). Uzun yıllardan beri, daha S. Trutta nın bir dizi alt türünün ya da sonrasında S. trutta olarak atanan farklı türlerin tanımı yapılmı$tır. kabul Ço"u yazar S. trutta yı üç büyük ekotip (deniz göçmeni, gölde ya$ayan ve nehircil veya ırmakta ya$ayan) olu$turan oldukça de"i$ken bir tür olarak nitelendirmi$tir. Avrupa ve Asya'da da"ıtılan S. trutta nın alt türlerinin bazı çe$itleri Kottelat (1997) tarafından tür düzeyinde yeniden hayata döndürüldü. Daha sonra, bazı Kuzey Afrika türlerinin tür durumu Delling ve Doadrio (2005) tarafından ve Balkan olanlar Delling (2003, 2011) tarafından tartı$ıldı. Kottelat ve Freyhof (2007) tereddütle Avrupa sularında 29 tür ayırt etti ve pek çok popülasyonun ve nominal türlerin durumunun hala açıklı"a kavu$madı"ını belirtti. Tortonese (1955) Anadolu'daki alabalıkları inceledi ve S. Trutta’nın dört alt türünü bildirdi: S. Turta labrax Pallas, 1814 Çoruh Nehri’nden (Karadeniz havzası), Kuru Nehri’ndeki Çıldır Gölü (Hazar Denizi havzası), ve Uluda" da"larından (Marmara Denizi havzası); Kuru Nehri’nden (Hazar Denizi havzası) S. trutta caspius Kesler, 1877; Çoruh Nehri’nden (Karadeniz havzası) S. trutta macrostigma (büyük benekli alabalık) (Dumeril, 1858) ve Çatak Çayı (Dicle sistemi) ve Abant Gölü’nden (kuzeybatı Anadolu'da kapalı bir göl), S. trutta abanticus Tortonese’i, 1955 yeni bir alt tür olarak tanımladı. Daha sonra. S. trutta macrostigma nın da"ılım alanı olarak, Çoruh Nehri’nin, Ege Denizi havzası yanısıra Marmara Denizi havzası, &zleme bölgesi, Akdeniz havzası, ve de Dicle-Fırat Nehirleri’ni de kapsadı"ı $eklinde kabul edildi (Geldiay ve Kähsbauer 1967; Kelle 1978; Kuru 1975, 2004; Balık 1984; Bardakçı ve di". 1994; Küçük 1997). Salmo trutta labrax ın yaygın olarak Karadeniz’in güneydo"u kıyısındaki akarsularda ve nehirlerde, ve S. trutta caspius un Kuru Nehri’nde (Aras 1974; Kuru 1975, 2004; Kutrup1994, Geldiay ve Balık 2007, Tabak ve di". 2002; Turan, 2003) oldu"u bildirildi. Buna ek olarak, S. platycephalus Behnke, 1968 üst Seyhan Nehri’nde $eklinde tanımlandı (Behnke 1968; Kuru 2004; Schöffmann 2004). Turan ve di". (2010) Anadolu'da Karadeniz kıyısına suyunu bo$altan tüm nehirleri ve akarsuları ara$tırdı, ve Salmo popülasyonunun morfolojik olarak üç farklı grubunu ayır etti. Bu gruplar önceki yazarlar tarafından S. trutta labrax (Karadeniz kıyılarının güney-do"u drenajları), S. trutta macrostigma (Çoruh Nehri drenajı), ve S. trutta abanticus (Bolu &li’nde Abant Gölü çıkı$ noktası) olarak belirlenmi$ti. Turan ve d". (2010) Anadolu'da Karadeniz kıyısından edinilen örnekleri Kırım’daki Ulu-Uzen Nehri’ndeki (co"rafi olarak S. labrax ın örnek yeri bölgelerinden birine yakın olan Kırım’da Kacha Nehri üst uzantısındaki Biyuk- ozen Nehri) gerçek bir Salmo labrax örne"i ile ve Rusya'daki Krasnodar Krai;’da bulunan Khosta Nehri'nden (kuzeydo"u Karadeniz kıyısı) bir örnek ile kar$ıla$tırdı. Kar$ıla$tırma, Anadolu'nun Karadeniz kıyılarındaki Salmo popülasyonlarının Kırım yarımadasındaki S. labrax ve Rusya’daki Kafkas kıyısındakinden farklı oldu"unu ortaya çıkardı. Salmo trutta abanticus tür düzeyinde de"erlendirildi; %137 di"er iki popülasyonun morfolojik olarak farklı oldu"u, te$his edilebilir oldu"u ileri sürüldü ve yeni tür olarak tanımlandı: S. coruhensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010 ve S. rizeensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010. Ayrıca çe$itli akarsularda her iki türün de sempatri olarak mevcut olmasına ra"men, sintopi olarak oldukça ender bulundu"unu belirtmi$lerdir. Turan ve di"erleri (2010) tarafından, Türkiye'nin kuzey Karadeniz havzasındaki alabalıkların, ilgili nehir drenajlarındaki göçebe alabalıklardan ziyade genetik olarak birbirlerine daha yakın olan belirgin türü, yani farklı nehir drenajlarının yukarı kısımlarına yerle$mi$ olan alabalıkları temsil edebilece"i $eklinde bir görü$ ileri sürülmü$tür. Tortonese (1955) Çoruh drenajında hem S. trutta labrax hem de S. trutta macrostigma bulundu"unu bildirildi. Turan ve di". (2010) bunların görünü$e göre sırasıyla S. coruhensis ve S. rizeensis oldu"u sonucuna varmı$lardır. Bu iki türün aynı zamanda güney-do"u Karadeniz kıyısına suyunu bo$altan di"er akarsu ve derelerde de kaydedilmi$tir (bkz Turan ve di". 2010: 336) ('ekil 1). Salmo labrax Karadeniz kıyılarının kuzey drenajlarına da"ılmaktadır (hiç ku$kusuz kuzeybatıdan Kafkasya’dan Rusya’daki Tuna Nehri’ne) ancak, S. labrax ve S. coruhensis yayılma alanı arasındaki kesin sınır halen bilinmemektedir ve Gürcistan'daki nehirlerde bulunan alabalıklar hala taksonomik bir çalı$ma gerektirmektedir. S. coruhensis e gelince, bu alabalık Kızılırmak Nehri’nin kuzeyindeki Çoruh Nehri'nden güney-do"u Karadeniz kıyısındaki drenaja da"ılmaktadır. S. macrostigma da"ılımı Cezayir ile sınırlıdır (Kottelat 1997; Delling ve Doadrio 2005). S. macrostigma olarak anılan di"er peri-Akdeniz popülasyonları birkaç türe aittir (örne"in, &talya’daki S. cettii ve do"u Adriyatik drenajlarındaki S. farioides) (1997 Kottelat). Türkiye'de, S. rizeensis in yanı sıra, önceleri S. trutta macrostigma olarak yanlı$ tanımlanan bazı popülasyonlar da S. tigridis Turan, Kottelat & Bekta$, 2011 (Dicle-Fırat drenajı, Basra Körfezi havzası), S. labecula Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 (a$a"ı Seyhan Nehri’ndeki Ecemi$ Çayı, do"u Akdeniz havzası), Kartoz ve Zindan Çayları (Köprü Çayı’nın akarsu kolları, bir Akdeniz kıyı drenajı) S. opimus Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 (Ceyhan Nehri’nin alt uzantılarındaki Tekir, Fırnız ve Göçüksu Çayları) ve Alara Akarsuyu (bir Akdeniz kıyı drenajı), S. chilo Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 (yukarı Ceyhan Nehri’ndeki Akdere Çayı), S. okumusi Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 (batı Fırat drenajı), ve S. euphrataeus Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 (kuzeydo"u Fırat drenajı) olarak tanımlanmı$tır. Güney Marmara Denizi kıyısında ve &zleme Bölgesi’nde bulunan Salmo popülasyonunun taksonomik durumu önümüzdeki di"er yazılarda tartı$ılacaktır. Mevcut yazı Alakır’da, suyunu Akdeniz'e bo$altan küçük bir çayda ya$ayan yerle$ik alabalı"ın kimli"ine dair verilerimizin bildirmektedir. &simsiz bir tür oldu"u sonucuna vardık. Burada, yeni bir tür Salmo kottelati olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Materyal ve Yöntemler Balık, darbeli DC elektro balıkçılık ekipmanları ile yakalanmı$tır. Malzeme a$a"ıda belirtilen yerlere yerle$tirilmi$tir: Salmo kottelati, Alakır Çayı’ndan yeni bir alabalık türü... %138 FFR, Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Zooloji Müzesi, Recep Tayyip Erdo"an Üniversitesi, Rize ve CMK, Maurice Kottelat koleksiyonu, Cornol. Ölçümlerin ve sayıların her biri, do"al olarak avlanmı$, düz pozisyonda, iyi korunmu$ numuneler üzerinden elde edilmi$tir. %138 Davut Turan ve diğ. / ZooKeys 462: 135–151 (2014) Düz $ekilde sabitlenmemi$ veya hasarlı olan örnekler hariç tutulmu$tur. Ço"u örnek,
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